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Yuan H, Chen S, Duncan MR, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW, Dalton Dietrich W, Chou TH, Benny M, Schmidt AF, Young K, Park KK, Porciatti V, Elizabeth Hartnett M, Wu S. IC100, a humanized therapeutic monoclonal anti-ASC antibody alleviates oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09917-9. [PMID: 38709389 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which often presents with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is among the most common morbidities affecting extremely premature infants and is a leading cause of severe vision impairment in children worldwide. Activations of the inflammasome cascade and microglia have been implicated in playing a role in the development of both ROP and BPD. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is pivotal in inflammasome assembly. Utilizing mouse models of both oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and BPD, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that hyperoxia induces ASC speck formation, which leads to microglial activation and retinopathy, and that inhibition of ASC speck formation by a humanized monoclonal antibody, IC100, directed against ASC, will ameliorate microglial activation and abnormal retinal vascular formation. METHODS We first tested ASC speck formation in the retina of ASC-citrine reporter mice expressing ASC fusion protein with a C-terminal citrine (fluorescent GFP isoform) using a BPD model that causes both lung and eye injury by exposing newborn mice to room air (RA) or 85% O2 from postnatal day (P) 1 to P14. The retinas were dissected on P14 and retinal flat mounts were used to detect vascular endothelium with AF-594-conjugated isolectin B4 (IB4) and citrine-tagged ASC specks. To assess the effects of IC100 on an OIR model, newborn ASC citrine reporter mice and wildtype mice (C57BL/6 J) were exposed to RA from P1 to P6, then 75% O2 from P7 to P11, and then to RA from P12 to P18. At P12 mice were randomized to the following groups: RA with placebo PBS (RA-PBS), O2 with PBS (O2-PBS), O2 + IC100 intravitreal injection (O2-IC100-IVT), and O2 + IC100 intraperitoneal injection (O2-IC100-IP). Retinal vascularization was evaluated by flat mount staining with IB4. Microglial activation was detected by immunofluorescence staining for allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) and CD206. Retinal structure was analyzed on H&E-stained sections, and function was analyzed by pattern electroretinography (PERG). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the retinas was performed to determine the transcriptional effects of IC100 treatment in OIR. RESULTS ASC specks were significantly increased in the retinas by hyperoxia exposure and colocalized with the abnormal vasculature in both BPD and OIR models, and this was associated with increased microglial activation. Treatment with IC100-IVT or IC100-IP significantly reduced vaso-obliteration and intravitreal neovascularization. IC100-IVT treatment also reduced retinal microglial activation, restored retinal structure, and improved retinal function. RNA-seq showed that IC100 treatment corrected the induction of genes associated with angiogenesis, leukocyte migration, and VEGF signaling caused by O2. IC100 also corrected the suppression of genes associated with cell junction assembly, neuron projection, and neuron recognition caused by O2. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the crucial role of ASC in the pathogenesis of OIR and the efficacy of a humanized therapeutic anti-ASC antibody in treating OIR mice. Thus, this anti-ASC antibody may potentially be considered in diseases associated with oxygen stresses and retinopathy, such as ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute and Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute and Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Matthew R Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute and Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tsung-Han Chou
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute and Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Augusto F Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute and Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Karen Young
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute and Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vittorio Porciatti
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute and Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
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Cyr B, Cabrera Ranaldi EDLRM, Hadad R, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Extracellular vesicles mediate inflammasome signaling in the brain and heart of Alzheimer's disease mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1369781. [PMID: 38660388 PMCID: PMC11039928 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1369781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment that worsens over time. AD is associated with many comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease that are associated with poorer outcomes. Comorbidities, especially heart disease and stroke, play a significant role in the demise of AD patients. Thus, it is important to understand how comorbidities are linked to AD. We have previously shown that extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated inflammasome signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain injury and acute lung injury after traumatic brain injury. Methods We analyzed the cortical, hippocampal, ventricular, and atrial protein lysates from APP/PS1 mice and their respective controls for inflammasome signaling activation. Additionally, we analyzed serum-derived EV for size, concentration, and content of inflammasome proteins as well as the EV marker CD63. Finally, we performed conditioned media experiments of EV from AD patients and healthy age-matched controls delivered to cardiovascular cells in culture to assess EV-induced inflammation. Results We show a significant increase in Pyrin, NLRP1, caspase-1, and ASC in the brain cortex whereas caspase-8, ASC, and IL-1β were significantly elevated in the heart ventricles of AD mice when compared to controls. We did not find significant differences in the size or concentration of EV between groups, but there was a significant increase of caspase-1 and IL-1β in EV from AD mice compared to controls. In addition, conditioned media experiments of serum-derived EV from AD patients and age-matched controls delivered to cardiovascular cells in culture resulted in inflammasome activation, and significant increases in TNF-α and IL-2. Conclusion These results indicate that EV-mediated inflammasome signaling in the heart may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cyr
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Erika D. L. R. M. Cabrera Ranaldi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Vontell RT, Gober R, Dallmeier J, Brzostowicki D, Barreda A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Kvartsberg H, Gultekin SH, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, Davis DA, Rundek T, Sun X. Association of region-specific hippocampal reduction of neurogranin with inflammasome proteins in post mortem brains of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2024; 10:e12444. [PMID: 38356472 PMCID: PMC10865487 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurogranin (Ng) is considered a biomarker for synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, the inflammasome complex has been shown to exacerbate AD pathology. METHODS We investigated the protein expression, morphological differences of Ng, and correlated Ng to hyperphosphorylated tau in the post mortem brains of 17 AD cases and 17 age- and sex-matched controls. In addition, we correlated the Ng expression with two different epitopes of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). RESULTS We show a reduction of Ng immunopositive neurons and morphological differences in AD compared to controls. Ng immunostaining was negatively correlated with neurofibrillary tangles, humanized anti-ASC (IC100) positive neurons and anti-ASC positive microglia, in AD. DISCUSSION The finding of a negative correlation between Ng and ASC speck protein expression in post mortem brains of AD suggests that the activation of inflammasome/ASC speck pathway may play an important role in synaptic degeneration in AD. Highlights We show the role that neurogranin plays on post-synaptic signaling in specific hippocampal regions.We demonstrate that there could be clinical implications of using neurogranin as a biomarker for dementia.We describe the loss of plasticity and neuronal scaffolding proteins in the present of AD pathology.We show the response of neuroinflammation when tau proteins phosphorylate in hippocampal neurons.We show that there is a potential therapeutic target for the inflammasome, and future studies may show that IC100, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against ASC, may slow the progression of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T. Vontell
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Ryan Gober
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Julian Dallmeier
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Daniel Brzostowicki
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Ayled Barreda
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalSahlgrenska University Hospital/Molndal V‐husetMolndalSweden
- Paris Brain InstituteICMPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne UniversityParisFrance
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research CenterDivision of Life Sciences and Medicineand Department of NeurologyInstitute on Aging and Brain DisordersUniversity of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefeiP.R. China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalSahlgrenska University Hospital/Molndal V‐husetMolndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong KongChina
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Sakir Humayun Gultekin
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure ParalysisUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and AgingUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Helen M. Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure ParalysisUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure ParalysisUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure ParalysisUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and AgingUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - David A. Davis
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
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Munoz Pareja JC, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Chavez MM, Kerrigan M, Pringle C, Guthrie K, Swaby K, Coto J, Kobeissy F, Avery KL, Ghosh S, Dhanashree R, Shanmugham P, Lautenslager LA, Faulkenberry S, Pareja Zabala MC, Al Fakhri N, Loor-Torres R, Governale LS, Blatt JE, Gober J, Perez PK, Solano J, McCrea H, Thorson C, O'Phelan KH, Keane RW, Dietrich WD, Wang KK. Prognostic and Diagnostic Utility of Serum Biomarkers in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:106-122. [PMID: 37646421 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of morbidity and death among the pediatric population. Timely diagnosis, however, remains a complex task because of the lack of standardized methods that permit its accurate identification. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum levels of brain injury biomarkers can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in this pathology. This prospective, observational study collected and analyzed the serum concentration of neuronal injury biomarkers at enrollment, 24h and 48h post-injury, in 34 children ages 0-18 with pTBI and 19 healthy controls (HC). Biomarkers included glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament protein L (NfL), ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1), S-100B, tau and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181). Subjects were stratified by admission Glasgow Coma Scale score into two categories: a combined mild/moderate (GCS 9-15) and severe (GCS 3-8). Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) Peds was dichotomized into favorable (≤4) and unfavorable (≥5) and outcomes. Data were analyzed utilizing Prism 9 and R statistical software. The findings were as follows: 15 patients were stratified as severe TBI and 19 as mild/moderate per GCS. All biomarkers measured at enrollment were elevated compared with HC. Serum levels for all biomarkers were significantly higher in the severe TBI group compared with HC at 0, 24, and 48h. The GFAP, tau S100B, and p-tau181 had the ability to differentiate TBI severity in the mild/moderate group when measured at 0h post-injury. Tau serum levels were increased in the mild/moderate group at 24h. In addition, NfL and p-tau181 showed increased serum levels at 48h in the aforementioned GCS category. Individual biomarker performance on predicting unfavorable outcomes was measured at 0, 24, and 48h across different GOS-E Peds time points, which was significant for p-tau181 at 0h at all time points, UCH-L1 at 0h at 6-9 months and 12 months, GFAP at 48h at 12 months, NfL at 0h at 12 months, tau at 0h at 12 months and S100B at 0h at 12 months. We concluded that TBI leads to increased serum neuronal injury biomarkers during the first 0-48h post-injury. A biomarker panel measuring these proteins could aid in the early diagnosis of mild to moderate pTBI and may predict neurological outcomes across the injury spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Munoz Pareja
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Mateo Chavez
- Knowledge and Research Evaluation Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Kerrigan
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charlene Pringle
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kourtney Guthrie
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kathryn Swaby
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer Coto
- Department of University of Miami Concussion Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Morehouse University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Morehouse University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - K Leslie Avery
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Suman Ghosh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Downstate Health Science University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rajderkar Dhanashree
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Prashanth Shanmugham
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, UT Southwestern University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren A Lautenslager
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Shannon Faulkenberry
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Nora Al Fakhri
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ricardo Loor-Torres
- Knowledge and Research Evaluation Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lance S Governale
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jason E Blatt
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joslyn Gober
- Department of Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paula Karina Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan Solano
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Heather McCrea
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chad Thorson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kristine H O'Phelan
- Department of Neurology and Neurocritical Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Morehouse University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Morehouse University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Keane RW, Hadad R, Scott XO, Cabrera Ranaldi EDLRM, Pérez-Bárcena J, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Neural-Cardiac Inflammasome Axis after Traumatic Brain Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1382. [PMID: 37895853 PMCID: PMC10610322 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects not only the brain but also peripheral organs like the heart and the lungs, which influences long-term outcomes. A heightened systemic inflammatory response is often induced after TBI, but the underlying pathomechanisms that contribute to co-morbidities remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether extracellular vehicles (EVs) containing inflammasome proteins are released after severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) in C57BL/6 mice and cause activation of inflammasomes in the heart that result in tissue damage. The atrium of injured mice at 3 days after TBI showed a significant increase in the levels of the inflammasome proteins AIM2, ASC, caspases-1, -8 and -11, whereas IL-1β was increased in the ventricles. Additionally, the injured cortex showed a significant increase in IL-1β, ASC, caspases-1, -8 and -11 and pyrin at 3 days after injury when compared to the sham. Serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from injured patients were characterized with nanoparticle tracking analysis and Ella Simple Plex and showed elevated levels of the inflammasome proteins caspase-1, ASC and IL-18. Mass spectrometry of serum-derived EVs from mice after TBI revealed a variety of complement- and cardiovascular-related signaling proteins. Moreover, adoptive transfer of serum-derived EVs from TBI patients resulted in inflammasome activation in cardiac cells in culture. Thus, TBI elicits inflammasome activation, primarily in the atrium, that is mediated, in part, by EVs that contain inflammasome- and complement-related signaling proteins that are released into serum and contribute to peripheral organ systemic inflammation, which increases inflammasome activation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xavier O. Scott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Erika d. l. R. M. Cabrera Ranaldi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
| | - Jon Pérez-Bárcena
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Johnson NH, Kerr NA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Bramlett HM, Keane RW, Dietrich WD. Genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease alters inflammasome activity after traumatic brain injury. Transl Res 2023; 257:66-77. [PMID: 36758791 PMCID: PMC10192027 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the US and a recognized risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The relationship between these conditions is not completely understood, but the conditions may share additive or synergistic pathological hallmarks that may serve as novel therapeutic targets. Heightened inflammasome signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system injury (CNS) and the release of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) speck from neurons and activated microglia contribute significantly to TBI and AD pathology. This study investigated whether inflammasome signaling after TBI was augmented in AD and whether this signaling pathway impacted biochemical and neuropathological outcomes and overall cognitive function. Five-month-old, 3xTg mice and respective wild type controls were randomized and underwent moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury or served as sham/uninjured controls. Animals were sacrificed at 1 hour, 1 day, or 1 week after TBI to assess acute pathology or at 12 weeks after assessing cognitive function. The ipsilateral cerebral cortex was processed for inflammasome protein expression by immunoblotting. Mice were evaluated for behavior by open field (3 days), novel object recognition (2 weeks), and Morris water maze (6 weeks) testing after TBI. There was a statistically significant increase in the expression of inflammasome signaling proteins Caspase-1, Caspase-8, ASC, and interleukin (IL)-1β after TBI in both wild type and 3xTg animals. At 1-day post injury, significant increases in ASC and IL-1β protein expression were measured in AD TBI mice compared to WT TBI. Behavioral testing showed that injured AD mice had altered cognitive function when compared to injured WT mice. Elevated Aβ was seen in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus of sham and injured AD when compared to respective groups at 12 weeks post injury. Moreover, treatment of injured AD mice with IC100, an anti-ASC monoclonal antibody, inhibited the inflammasome, as evidenced by IL-1β reduction in the injured cortex at 1-week post injury. These findings show that the inflammasome response is heightened in mice genetically predisposed to AD and suggests that AD may exacerbate TBI pathology. Thus, dampening inflammasome signaling may offer a novel approach for the treatment of AD and TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadine A Kerr
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan P de Rivero Vaccari
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert W Keane
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Cabrera Ranaldi EDLRM, Nuytemans K, Martinez A, Luca CC, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Proof-of-Principle Study of Inflammasome Signaling Proteins as Diagnostic Biomarkers of the Inflammatory Response in Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:883. [PMID: 37375830 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates, and motor deficits. A major contributor to dopaminergic neuronal loss is neuroinflammation. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that perpetuates neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders including PD. Increases in inflammasome proteins are associated with worsened pathology. Thus, the inhibition of inflammatory mediators has the potential to aid in PD treatment. Here, we investigated inflammasome signaling proteins as potential biomarkers of the inflammatory response in PD. Plasma from PD subjects and healthy age-matched controls were evaluated for levels of the inflammasome protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-18. This was carried out using Simple Plex technology to identify changes in inflammasome proteins in the blood of PD subjects. The area under the curve (AUC) was obtained through calculation of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to obtain information on biomarker reliability and traits. Additionally, we completed a stepwise regression selected from the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) to assess how the inflammasome proteins caspase-1 and ASC contribute to IL-18 levels in people with PD. PD subjects demonstrated elevated caspase-1, ASC, and IL-18 levels when compared to controls; each of these proteins were found to be promising biomarkers of inflammation in PD. Furthermore, inflammasome proteins were determined to significantly contribute to and predict IL-18 levels in subjects with PD. Thus, we demonstrated that inflammasome proteins serve as reliable biomarkers of inflammation in PD and that inflammasome proteins provide significant contributions to IL-18 levels in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika D L R M Cabrera Ranaldi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karen Nuytemans
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anisley Martinez
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Corneliu C Luca
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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8
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Franklin ME, Bennett C, Arboite M, Alvarez-Ciara A, Corrales N, Verdelus J, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Prasad A. Activation of inflammasomes and their effects on neuroinflammation at the microelectrode-tissue interface in intracortical implants. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122102. [PMID: 37015177 PMCID: PMC10614166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Invasive neuroprosthetics rely on microelectrodes (MEs) to record or stimulate the activity of large neuron assemblies. However, MEs are subjected to tissue reactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) due to the foreign body response (FBR) that contribute to chronic neuroinflammation and ultimately result in ME failure. An endogenous, acute set of mechanisms responsible for the recognition and targeting of foreign objects, called the innate immune response, immediately follows the ME implant-induced trauma. Inflammasomes are multiprotein structures that play a critical role in the initiation of an innate immune response following CNS injuries. The activation of inflammasomes facilitates a range of innate immune response cascades and results in neuroinflammation and programmed cell death. Despite our current understanding of inflammasomes, their roles in the context of neural device implantation remain unknown. In this study, we implanted a non-functional Utah electrode array (UEA) into the rat somatosensory cortex and studied the inflammasome signaling and the corresponding downstream effects on inflammatory cytokine expression and the inflammasome-mediated cell death mechanism of pyroptosis. Our results not only demonstrate the continuous activation of inflammasomes and their contribution to neuroinflammation at the electrode-tissue interface but also reveal the therapeutic potential of targeting inflammasomes to attenuate the FBR in invasive neuroprosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Franklin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cassie Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maelle Arboite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Natalie Corrales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Verdelus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abhishek Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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9
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de Rivero Vaccari JP, Mim C, Hadad R, Cyr B, Stefansdottir TA, Keane RW. Mechanism of action of IC 100, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Transl Res 2023; 251:27-40. [PMID: 35793783 PMCID: PMC10615563 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes of the innate immune response that recognize a diverse range of intracellular sensors of infection or cell damage and recruit the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) into an inflammasome signaling complex. The recruitment, polymerization and cross-linking of ASC is upstream of caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β release. Here we provide evidence that IC 100, a humanized IgG4κ monoclonal antibody against ASC, is internalized into the cell and localizes with endosomes, while another part is recycled and redistributed out of the cell. IC 100 binds intracellular ASC and blocks interleukin-1β release in a human whole blood cell inflammasome assay. In vitro studies demonstrate that IC 100 interferes with ASC polymerization and assembly of ASC specks. In vivo bioluminescence imaging showed that IC 100 has broad tissue distribution, crosses the blood brain barrier, and readily penetrates the brain and spinal cord parenchyma. Confocal microscopy of fluorescent-labeled IC 100 revealed that IC 100 is rapidly taken up by macrophages via a mechanism utilizing the Fc region of IC 100. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and confocal immunohistochemistry showed that IC 100 binds to ASC and to the atypical antibody receptor Tripartite motif-containing protein-21 (TRIM21). In A549 WT and TRIM21 KO cells treated with either IC 100 or IgG4κ isotype control, the levels of intracellular IC 100 were higher than in the IgG4κ-treated controls at 2 hours, 1 day and 3 days after administration, indicating that IC 100 escapes degradation by the proteasome. Lastly, electron microscopy studies demonstrate that IC 100 binds to ASC filaments and alters the architecture of ASC filaments. Thus, IC 100 readily penetrates a variety of cell types, and it binds to intracellular ASC, but it is not degraded by the TRIM21 antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Carsten Mim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Kungliga Tekniska Högscholan (Royal Institute of Technology), Sweden
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Brianna Cyr
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Thorunn Anna Stefansdottir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Kungliga Tekniska Högscholan (Royal Institute of Technology), Sweden
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
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10
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Hadad R, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Inflammasome signaling proteins as biomarkers of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1014665. [PMID: 37168848 PMCID: PMC10165091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1014665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the main characteristics of COVID-19 is an exacerbated inflammatory response that results in cardiometabolic complications and dysfunction in the nervous system. Moreover, these complications may extend beyond the period of active SARS-CoV2 infection and even extend over a year. Thus, it is important to better understand the contribution of the inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients, not just in the acute phase but also after the infection has subsided. Methods We measured the protein levels of inflammasome signaling proteins using Simple Plex microfluidics technology in patients with an active SARS-CoV2 infection and in recovered patients to determine their potential use as biomarkers of COVID-19. We carried out statistical analyses to identify which proteins were increased in COVID-19 patients with active infection and in recovered patients. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were calculated for each analyte to determine their potential fit as biomarkers. Results The inflammasome proteins caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were elevated in the plasma of patients with active infection and remained elevated after the infection was resolved for approximately 2 months after. Levels of caspase-1 and ASC continued to increase long after patients had recovered from the infection. Furthermore, when measuring biomarkers of inflammation during active infection, analyses with area under the curve (AUC) values above 0.75 indicated that caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 are reliable biomarkers of the inflammatory response during active COVID-19 infection. Moreover, when measuring biomarkers of inflammation after recovery from active infection, caspase-1 and ASC presented AUC values above 0.9. Discussion These findings indicate that inflammasome signaling proteins can be used to reliably monitor the inflammatory innate immune response in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari,
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11
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Vontell RT, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Sun X, Gultekin SH, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Identification of inflammasome signaling proteins in neurons and microglia in early and intermediate stages of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2022:e13142. [PMID: 36579934 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys memory and cognitive function. Inflammasome activation has been suggested to play a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response in AD progression, but the cell-type expression of inflammasome proteins in the brain has not been fully characterized. In this study, we used samples from the hippocampus formation, the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex brain from 17 donors with low-level AD pathology and 17 intermediate AD donors to assess the expression of inflammasome proteins. We performed analysis of hippocampal thickness, β-amyloid plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau to ascertain the cellular pathological changes that occur between low and intermediate AD pathology. Next, we determined changes in the cells that express the inflammasome sensor proteins NOD-like receptor proteins (NLRP) 1 and 3, and caspase-1. In addition, we stained section with IC100, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the inflammasome adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and a commercially available anti-ASC antibody. Our results indicate that hippocampal cortical thickness did not significantly change between low and intermediate AD pathology, but there was an increase in pTau and β-amyloid clusters in intermediate AD cases. NLRP3 was identified mainly in microglial populations, whereas NLRP1 was seen in neuronal cytoplasmic regions. There was a significant increase of ASC in neurons labeled by IC100, whereas microglia in the hippocampus and subiculum were labeled with the commercial anti-ASC antibody. Caspase-1 was present in the parenchyma in the CA regions where amyloid and pTau were identified. Together, our results indicate increased inflammasome protein expression in the early pathological stages of AD, that IC100 identifies neurons in early stages of AD and that ASC expression correlates with Aβ and pTau in postmortem AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T Vontell
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sakir Humayun Gultekin
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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12
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Scott XO, Chen SH, Hadad R, Yavagal D, Peterson EC, Starke RM, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Cohort study on the differential expression of inflammatory and angiogenic factors in thrombi, cerebral and peripheral plasma following acute large vessel occlusion stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1827-1839. [PMID: 35673992 PMCID: PMC9536118 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke. The differential expression of inflammatory and angiogenic factors in thrombi and plasma remain undefined. In this observational cohort study, we evaluated angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines, in cerebral thrombi, local cerebral plasma (CP), and peripheral plasma (PP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Protein analysis of thrombi, CP and PP were used to measure angiogenic and inflammatory proteins using electrochemiluminescence. Our data indicate that VEGF-A, VEGF-C, bFGF, IL-4, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-16, IL-6 and IL-12p70 were higher in the thrombi of acute ischemic stroke patients than in the CP and PP of stroke patients. Moreover, the protein levels of GM-CSF were lower in the PP than in the CP and the clot. Moreover, VEGF-D, Flt-1, PIGF, TIE-2, IL-5, TNF-β, IL-15, IL-12/IL-23p40, IFN-γ and IL-17A were higher in PP and CP than in thrombi. Our results show that cytokines mediating the inflammatory response and proteins involved in angiogenesis are differentially expressed in thrombi within the cerebral and peripheral circulations. These data highlight the importance of identifying new biomarkers in different compartments of the circulatory system and in thrombi that may be used for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier O Scott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephanie H Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric C Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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13
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Johnson NH, Hadad R, Taylor RR, Rodríguez Pilar J, Salazar O, Llompart-Pou JA, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, Pérez-Bárcena J, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Inflammatory Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060660. [PMID: 35745576 PMCID: PMC9227014 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a complex pathology in which the initial injury releases damage associated proteins that exacerbate the neuroinflammatory response during the chronic secondary injury period. One of the major pathological players in the inflammatory response after TBI is the inflammasome. Increased levels of inflammasome proteins during the acute phase after TBI are associated with worse functional outcomes. Previous studies reveal that the level of inflammasome proteins in biological fluids may be used as promising new biomarkers for the determination of TBI functional outcomes. In this study, we provide further evidence that inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome proteins in serum may be used to determine injury severity and predict pathological outcomes. In this study, we analyzed blood serum from TBI patients and respective controls utilizing Simple Plex inflammasome and V-PLEX inflammatory cytokine assays. We performed statistical analyses to determine which proteins were significantly elevated in TBI individuals. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were determined to obtain the area under the curve (AUC) to establish the potential fit as a biomarker. Potential biomarkers were then compared to documented patient Glasgow coma scale scores via a correlation matrix and a multivariate linear regression to determine how respective biomarkers are related to the injury severity and pathological outcome. Inflammasome proteins and inflammatory cytokines were elevated after TBI, and the apoptosis-associated speck like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin (IL)-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4 and IL-6 were the most reliable biomarkers. Additionally, levels of these proteins were correlated with known clinical indicators of pathological outcome, such as the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Our results show that inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome proteins are promising biomarkers for determining pathological outcomes after TBI. Additionally, levels of biomarkers could potentially be utilized to determine a patient’s injury severity and subsequent pathological outcome. These findings show that inflammation-associated proteins in the blood are reliable biomarkers of injury severity that can also be used to assess the functional outcomes of TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H. Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (N.H.J.); (R.H.); (R.W.K.)
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (N.H.J.); (R.H.); (R.W.K.)
| | - Ruby Rose Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.R.T.); (W.D.D.)
| | - Javier Rodríguez Pilar
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (J.R.P.); (O.S.); (J.A.L.-P.); (J.P.-B.)
| | - Osman Salazar
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (J.R.P.); (O.S.); (J.A.L.-P.); (J.P.-B.)
| | - Juan Antonio Llompart-Pou
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (J.R.P.); (O.S.); (J.A.L.-P.); (J.P.-B.)
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.R.T.); (W.D.D.)
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (N.H.J.); (R.H.); (R.W.K.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.R.T.); (W.D.D.)
| | - Jon Pérez-Bárcena
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (J.R.P.); (O.S.); (J.A.L.-P.); (J.P.-B.)
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.R.T.); (W.D.D.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Cyr B, Hadad R, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. The Role of Non-canonical and Canonical Inflammasomes in Inflammaging. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:774014. [PMID: 35221912 PMCID: PMC8864077 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.774014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases currently affect millions of people worldwide and continues to increase in the expanding elderly population. Neurodegenerative diseases usually involve cognitive decline and are among the top causes of death. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of treatments and preventive strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. One of the risk factors of neurodegeneration is inflammaging, a low level of chronic inflammation due to old age. We have previously shown that the inflammasome contributes to inflammaging in the central nervous system (CNS). The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex of the innate immune response consisting of a sensor protein, apoptosis speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and caspase-1. Our lab has developed a humanized monoclonal antibody against ASC (anti-ASC). Here, we analyzed cortical lysates from young (3 months old), aged (18 months old), and aged anti-ASC treated mice for the expression of canonical and non-canonical inflammasome proteins. We show that the protein levels of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, and caspase-8 were elevated in the cortex of aged mice, and that anti-ASC decreased the expression of these proteins, consistent with lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. Additionally, we show that these proteins form a novel NLRP1-caspase-8 non-canonical inflammasome comprised of NLRP1, caspase-8 and ASC. Moreover, these inflammasome proteins were present in neurons in young and aged mice. Together, these results indicate that a novel NLRP1-caspase-8 non-canonical inflammasome is present in the cortex of mice and that anti-ASC is a potential therapeutic to decrease inflammasome-mediated inflammaging in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cyr
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari,
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15
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Madsen PM, Desu HL, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Florimon Y, Ellman DG, Keane RW, Clausen BH, Lambertsen KL, Brambilla R. Corrigendum to: Oligodendrocytes modulate the immune-inflammatory response in EAE via TNFR2 signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:520. [PMID: 33933332 PMCID: PMC8219028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille M. Madsen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological
Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA; Dept.
Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Haritha L. Desu
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological
Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA; The
Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological
Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yoleinny Florimon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological
Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ditte G. Ellman
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular
Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robert W. Keane
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological
Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA; The
Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
33136, USA; Dept. Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of
Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bettina H Clausen
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular
Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; BRIDGE – Brain
Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research,
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kate L. Lambertsen
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular
Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology,
Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; BRIDGE – Brain Research Inter
Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA; Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BRIDGE - Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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16
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Ali A, Zambrano R, Duncan MR, Chen S, Luo S, Yuan H, Chen P, Benny M, Schmidt A, Young K, Kerr N, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW, Dietrich WD, Wu S. Hyperoxia-activated circulating extracellular vesicles induce lung and brain injury in neonatal rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8791. [PMID: 33888735 PMCID: PMC8062626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia-induced lung injury plays a key role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by inflammatory injury and impaired lung development in preterm infants. Although BPD is a predictor of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, currently it is uncertain how lung injury contributes to brain injury in preterm infants. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that regulate intercellular and inter-organ communications. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has emerged as a key executor of inflammasome-mediated cell death and inflammation. In this study, we utilized a neonatal rat model of BPD to assess if hyperoxia stimulates lung release of circulating EVs and if these EVs induce lung and brain injury. We found that hyperoxia-exposed rats had elevated numbers of plasma-derived EVs compared to rats maintained in room air. These EVs also had increased cargos of surfactant protein C, a marker of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), and the active (p30) form of GSDMD. When these EVs were adoptively transferred into normal newborn rats via intravenous injection, they were taken up both by lung and brain tissues. Moreover, EVs from hyperoxic animals induced not only the pathological hallmarks of BPD, but also brain inflammatory injury in recipient rats, as well as inducing cell death in cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and neural stem cells (NSC). Similarly, hyperoxia-exposed cultured AEC-like cells released EVs that also contained increased GSDMD-p30 and these EVs induced pyroptotic cell death in NSC. Overall, these data indicate that hyperoxia-activated circulating EVs mediate a lung to brain crosstalk resulting in brain injury and suggest a mechanism that links lung injury and neurodevelopmental impairment in BPD infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Ali
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Matthew R Duncan
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Shihua Luo
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Pingping Chen
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Merline Benny
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Augusto Schmidt
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Karen Young
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Shu Wu
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
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17
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Gomez A, Serrano A, Salero E, Tovar A, Amescua G, Galor A, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Sabater AL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma induce inflammasome-mediated corneal endothelial cell death. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108574. [PMID: 33848524 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic corneal endothelial cell (CEC) loss results in corneal edema and vision loss in conditions such as pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK), Fuchs' dystrophy, and corneal graft failure. Low CEC density has been associated with an elevation of intraocular pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (INF)-γ. These cytokines are capable of triggering pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism mediated by the inflammasome, prompting the activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, the perpetuation of inflammation, and subsequent damage of corneal endothelial tissue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the deleterious contribution of the inflammasome and pyroptosis to CEC loss. METHODS CECs from human donor corneas were treated ex vivo with TNF-α and IFN-γ for 48 h. Levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β were then assayed by ELISA, and the expression of caspase-1 and gasdermin-D (GSDM-D) were confirmed by immunofluorescence. Endothelial cell damage was analyzed by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the culture media. RESULTS Inflammasome activation and oxidative stress were elevated in CECs following exposure to TNF-α and IFN-γ, which resulted in cell death by pyroptosis as determined by LDH release which was inhibited by the caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk. CONCLUSION CEC death is induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ, which contribute to inflammasome activation. Moreover, the inflammasome is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic CEC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gomez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andres Serrano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Enrique Salero
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arianna Tovar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Guillermo Amescua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Alfonso L Sabater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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18
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Kerr NA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Weaver C, Dietrich WD, Ahmed T, Keane RW. Enoxaparin Attenuates Acute Lung Injury and Inflammasome Activation after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:646-654. [PMID: 32669032 PMCID: PMC7898405 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients frequently develop cardiopulmonary system complications such as acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the mechanism by which TBI causes ALI/ARDS is not fully understood. Here, we used a severe TBI model to examine the effects of a low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, on inflammasome activation and lung injury damage. We investigated whether enoxaparin inhibits ALI and inflammasome signaling protein expression in the brain and lungs after TBI in mice. C57/BL6 mice were subjected to severe TBI and were treated with vehicle or 1 mg/kg of enoxaparin 30 min after injury. Lung and brain tissue were collected 24 h post-TBI and were analyzed by immunoblotting for expression of the inflammasome proteins, caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β. In addition, lung tissue was collected for histological analysis to determine ALI scoring and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration post-injury. Our data show that severe TBI induces increased expression of inflammasome proteins caspase-1 and IL-1β in the brain and lungs of mice after injury. Treatment with enoxaparin attenuated inflammasome expression in the brain and lungs 24 h after injury. Enoxaparin significantly decreased ALI score as well as neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in lungs at 24 h after injury. This study demonstrates that enoxaparin attenuates ALI and inhibits inflammasome expression in the brain and lungs after TBI. These findings support the hypothesis that inhibition of the neural-respiratory inflammasome axis that is activated after TBI may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A. Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Cailey Weaver
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tahir Ahmed
- Pulmonary Division, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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19
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Chen SH, Scott XO, Ferrer Marcelo Y, Almeida VW, Blackwelder PL, Yavagal DR, Peterson EC, Starke RM, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Netosis and Inflammasomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Thrombi. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:607287. [PMID: 33569001 PMCID: PMC7868597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response appears to play a critical role in clotting in which neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the major drivers of thrombosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The inflammasome is an innate immune complex involved in the activation of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β through caspase-1, but whether the inflammasome plays a role in NETosis in AIS remains poorly understood. Here we assessed the levels of inflammasome signaling proteins in NETs and their association with clinical and procedural outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for AIS. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence indicate the presence of NETs in thrombi of patients with AIS. Moreover, the inflammasome signaling proteins caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) were also present in clots associated with the marker of NETosis citrullinated histone 3H (CitH3). Analysis of protein levels by a simple plex assay show that caspase-1, ASC and interleukin (IL)-1β were significantly elevated in clots when compared to plasma of AIS patients and healthy controls, while IL-18 levels were lower. Moreover, multivariate analyses show that IL-1β levels in clots contribute to the number of passes to achieve complete recanalization, and that ASC, caspase-1 and IL-18 are significant contributors to time to recanalization. Thus, inflammasome proteins are elevated in NETs present in thrombi of patients with AIS that contribute to poor outcomes following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xavier O Scott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yoandy Ferrer Marcelo
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Vania W Almeida
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Patricia L Blackwelder
- University of Miami Center for Advanced Microscopy (UMCAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eric C Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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20
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Chen SH, Scott X, Peterson E, Yavagal DR, Starke RM, Dietrich D, Keane RW, Vaccari JPDR. Inflammasomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Thrombi. Neurosurgery 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa447_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the genus Betacoronavirus and the Coronaviridiae family responsible for infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and more recently, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). CoV infections present mainly as respiratory infections that lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, CoVs, such as COVID-19, also present as a hyperactivation of the inflammatory response that results in increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and its downstream molecule IL-6. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in the activation of caspase-1 that leads to the activation of IL-1β in a variety of diseases and infections such as CoV infection and in different tissues such as lungs, brain, intestines and kidneys, all of which have been shown to be affected in COVID-19 patients. Here we review the literature regarding the mechanism of inflammasome activation by CoV infection, the role of the inflammasome in ARDS, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) as well as the potential mechanism by which the inflammasome may contribute to the damaging effects of inflammation in the cardiac, renal, digestive, and nervous systems in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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22
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Govindarajan V, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW. Role of inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis and their potential as therapeutic targets. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:260. [PMID: 32878648 PMCID: PMC7469327 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and it remains the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the CNS. While the cause of MS is unclear, the underlying pathomechanisms are thought to be either destruction by autoimmune T cells or dysfunction of myelin-producing cells. Recent advances have indicated that inflammasomes contribute the etiology of MS. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes of the innate immune response involved in the processing of caspase-1, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as the cell death-mediated mechanism of pyroptosis and the activation of the adaptive immune response. Here we review the literature to date on the role of different inflammasome signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of MS and how these pathways may be targeted to reduce deleterious inflammatory processes and improve outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidya Govindarajan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave RMSB 5058, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave RMSB 5058, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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23
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Forouzandeh M, Besen J, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. The Inflammasome Signaling Proteins ASC and IL-18 as Biomarkers of Psoriasis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1238. [PMID: 32903782 PMCID: PMC7438850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation in the innate immune response plays a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis largely due to the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the precise role of inflammasomes in psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is largely undefined. To establish the reliability of inflammasome signaling proteins as diagnostics and predictive biomarkers of clinical severity in this disease population, serum from healthy donors and patients with Ps/PsA were analyzed for the protein expression of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels to determine cut-off points, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Our data revealed that ASC and IL-18 proteins were significantly higher in the Ps group when compared to healthy controls. The area under the curve (AUC) for ASC was 0.9224 with a cut-off point of 321.8 pg/ml, while IL-18 had an AUC of 0.7818 and a cut-off point of 232.1 pg/ml. In addition, levels of IL-18 had a statistically significant linear correlation with that of ASC with an adjusted R squared of 0.2566, indicating that approximately 25% of IL-18 levels could be explained by ASC levels in serum. Our findings indicate that ASC and IL-18 play a significant role in the inflammatory response associated with the pathology of Ps. These inflammasome proteins appear to be key biomarkers in determining diagnoses in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Forouzandeh
- The Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jaren Besen
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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24
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Desu HL, Plastini M, Illiano P, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Brambilla R, Keane RW. IC100: a novel anti-ASC monoclonal antibody improves functional outcomes in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:143. [PMID: 32366256 PMCID: PMC7199312 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) is involved in immune signaling by bridging the interactions between inflammasome sensors and caspase-1. Strong experimental evidence has shown that ASC-/- mice are protected from disease progression in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that targeting inflammasome activation via ASC inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy in MS. Thus, the goal of our study is to test the efficacy of IC100, a novel humanized antibody targeting ASC, in preventing and/or suppressing disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. METHODS We employed the EAE model of MS where disease was induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG35-55). Mice were treated with vehicle or increasing doses of IC100 (10, 30, and 45 mg/kg) and clinical disease course was evaluated up to 35 days post EAE induction. Immune cell infiltration into the spinal cord and microglia responses were assessed. RESULTS We show that IC100 treatment reduced the severity of EAE when compared to vehicle-treated controls. At a dose of 30 mg/kg, IC100 significantly reduced the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD11b+MHCII+ activated myeloid cells entering the spinal cord from the periphery, and reduced the number of total and activated microglia. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that IC100 suppresses the immune-inflammatory response that drives EAE development and progression, thereby identifying ASC as a promising target for the treatment of MS as well as other neurological diseases with a neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha L Desu
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Melanie Plastini
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Placido Illiano
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, 33156, USA
- Bruce W. Carter, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, 33156, USA
| | | | - Roberta Brambilla
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Deparment of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- BRIDGE Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Robert W Keane
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, 33156, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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25
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Madsen PM, Desu HL, Vaccari JPDR, Florimon Y, Ellman DG, Keane RW, Clausen BH, Lambertsen KL, Brambilla R. Oligodendrocytes modulate the immune-inflammatory response in EAE via TNFR2 signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:132-146. [PMID: 31785393 PMCID: PMC7010565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In various models of MS, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the membrane-bound form of TNF (tmTNF), which signals primarily via TNFR2, mediates protective and reparative effects, whereas the soluble form (solTNF), which signals primarily via TNFR1, promotes pro-inflammatory and detrimental functions. In this study, we investigated the role of TNFR2 expressed in oligodendrocytes in the early phase of EAE pathogenesis. We demonstrated that mice with specific ablation of oligodendroglial TNFR2 displayed early onset and higher peak of motor dysfunction when subjected to EAE, in advance of which accelerated infiltration of immune cells was observed as early as 10 days post EAE induction. The immune cell influx was preceded by microglial activation and increased blood brain barrier permeability. Lack of oligodendroglial TNFR2 accelerated the expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as expression and activation of the inflammasome. Gene expression profiling of oligodendrocytes sorted from the spinal cord 14 days post EAE induction showed robust upregulation of inflammatory genes, some of which were elevated in cells lacking TNFR2 compared to controls. Together, our data demonstrate that oligodendrocytes are directly involved in inflammation and immune modulation in CNS disease and this function is regulated, at least in part, by TNFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille M. Madsen
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA,Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Haritha L. Desu
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yoleinny Florimon
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ditte G. Ellman
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robert W. Keane
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA,The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Dept. Physiology and Biophysics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bettina H. Clausen
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,BRIDGE - Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kate L. Lambertsen
- Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark,BRIDGE - Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Dept. Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA; Dept. Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; BRIDGE - Brain Research Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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26
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Kerr N, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Neural-respiratory inflammasome axis in traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113080. [PMID: 31626746 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 20-25% of TBI subjects develop Acute Lung Injury (ALI), but the pathomechanisms of TBI-induced ALI remain poorly defined. Currently, mechanical ventilation is the only therapeutic intervention for TBI-induced lung injury. Our recent studies have shown that the inflammasome plays an important role in the systemic inflammatory response leading to lung injury-post TBI. Here, we outline the role of the extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated inflammasome signaling in the etiology of TBI-induced ALI. Furthermore, we evaluate the efficacy of a low molecular weight heparin (Enoxaparin, a blocker of EV uptake) and a monoclonal antibody against apoptosis speck-like staining protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (anti-ASC) as therapeutics for TBI-induced lung injury. We demonstate that activation of an EV-mediated Neural-Respiratory Inflammasome Axis plays an essential role in TBI-induced lung injury and disruption of this axis has therapeutic potential as a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, United States of America
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, United States of America
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, United States of America
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School fo Medicine, 1600 NW10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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27
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Dapaah-Siakwan F, Zambrano R, Luo S, Duncan MR, Kerr N, Donda K, Vaccari JPDR, Keane RW, Dietrich WD, Benny M, Young K, Wu S. Caspase-1 Inhibition Attenuates Hyperoxia-induced Lung and Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:341-354. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0192oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Dapaah-Siakwan
- Division of Neonatology and
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- Division of Neonatology and
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Shihua Luo
- Division of Neonatology and
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Matthew R. Duncan
- Division of Neonatology and
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Nadine Kerr
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and
| | - Keyur Donda
- Division of Neonatology and
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Merline Benny
- Division of Neonatology and
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Karen Young
- Division of Neonatology and
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Shu Wu
- Division of Neonatology and
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics
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28
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Lee SW, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Truettner JS, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. The role of microglial inflammasome activation in pyroptotic cell death following penetrating traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:27. [PMID: 30736791 PMCID: PMC6367831 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury remains a significant cause of death and disability in the USA. Currently, there are no effective therapies to mitigate disability except for surgical interventions necessitating a need for continued research into uncovering novel therapeutic targets. In a recent study, we used a rodent model of penetrating traumatic brain injury known as penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) to examine the role of innate immunity in post-traumatic secondary injury mechanisms. We previously reported that the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex composed of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing card and caspase-1, plays a role in secondary cell death mechanisms after PBBI, including inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). METHODS In the current study, we used flow cytometry analysis to evaluate activated microglia and CD11b-positive leukocytes after PBBI and assessed inflammasome activation and pyroptosis of specific cellular populations. Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent PBBI or sham-operated procedures and ipsilateral cortical regions processed for flow cytometry and cellular analysis. Flow cytometry results were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons. RESULTS At 48 h following PBBI, there was an increase in activated microglia and infiltrating leukocytes compared to sham controls that were associated with increased caspase-1 activity. Using a florescent probe to identify caspase-1 activity and a fluorescent assay to determine cell viability, evidence for pyroptosis in CD11b+ cells was also determined. Finally, while post-traumatic treatment with an anti-ASC antibody had no effect on the number of activated microglia and infiltrating leukocytes, antibody treatment decreased caspase-1 activity in both resident microglia and infiltrating leukocytes and reduced pyroptotic CD11b+ cell death. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for inflammasome activation in microglia and infiltrating leukocytes after penetrating traumatic brain injury and a role for pyroptotic cell death in the pathophysiology. In addition to inhibiting neuronal cell death, therapeutic treatments targeting inflammasome activation may also provide beneficial effects by reducing the potentially detrimental consequences of activated microglia and infiltrating CD11b+ leukocytes following penetrating traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Jessie S. Truettner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
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29
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Kerr NA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Umland O, Bullock MR, Conner GE, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Human Lung Cell Pyroptosis Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010069. [PMID: 30669285 PMCID: PMC6356886 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of traumatic brain injured patients suffer from acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our previous work revealed that extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated inflammasome signaling plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced lung injury. Here, serum-derived EVs from severe TBI patients were analyzed for particle size, concentration, origin, and levels of the inflammasome component, an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruiting domain (ASC). Serum ASC levels were analyzed from EV obtained from patients that presented lung injury after TBI and compared them to EV obtained from patients that did not show any signs of lung injury. EVs were co-cultured with lung human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) to evaluate inflammasome activation and endothelial cell pyroptosis. TBI patients had a significant increase in the number of serum-derived EVs and levels of ASC. Severe TBI patients with lung injury had a significantly higher level of ASC in serum and serum-derived EVs compared to individuals without lung injury. Only EVs isolated from head trauma patients with gunshot wounds were of neural origin. Delivery of serum-derived EVs to HMVEC-L activated the inflammasome and resulted in endothelial cell pyroptosis. Thus, serum-derived EVs and inflammasome proteins play a critical role in the pathogenesis of TBI-induced lung injury, supporting activation of an EV-mediated neural-respiratory inflammasome axis in TBI-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | | | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - M Ross Bullock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Gregory E Conner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave. RMSB 5054, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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30
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Kerr N, Lee SW, Perez-Barcena J, Crespi C, Ibañez J, Bullock MR, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Inflammasome proteins as biomarkers of traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0210128. [PMID: 30596792 PMCID: PMC6312377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammasome plays an important role in the inflammatory innate immune response after central nervous system (CNS) injury. Inhibition of the inflammasome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in improved outcomes by lowering the levels of caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1b. We have previously shown that inflammasome proteins are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with TBI and that higher levels of these proteins were consistent with poorer outcomes after TBI when compared to patients that presented these inflammasome proteins at lower levels. METHODS AND FINDINGS Here we extend our work by analyzing serum from 21 TBI patients and CSF from 18 TBI patients compared to 120 serum samples and 30 CSF samples from no-TBI donor controls for the expression of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin(IL)-1b and IL-18. Analysis was carried out using the Ella Simple Plex system (Protein Simple) to determine the sensitivity and specificity of inflammasome proteins as biomarkers of TBI. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, confidence intervals and likelihood ratios for each biomarker was determined. ROC curves, confidence intervals, sensitivity and specificity for each biomarker examined revealed that caspase-1 (0.93 area under the curve (AUC)) and ASC (0.90 AUC) in serum and ASC (1.0 AUC) and IL-18 (0.84 AUC) in CSF are promising biomarkers of TBI pathology. Importantly, higher protein levels (above 547.6 pg/ml) of ASC (0.91 AUC) were consistent with poorer outcomes after TBI as determined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that inflammasome proteins are excellent diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie W Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, United States of America
| | - Jon Perez-Barcena
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Crespi
- Fundacio Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Ibañez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Ross Bullock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, United States of America
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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31
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Kerr N, García-Contreras M, Abbassi S, Mejias NH, Desousa BR, Ricordi C, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Inflammasome Proteins in Serum and Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:309. [PMID: 30233311 PMCID: PMC6131639 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a key contributor to the inflammatory innate immune response after stroke. We have previously shown that inflammasome proteins are released in extracellular vesicles (EV) after brain and spinal cord injury. In addition, we have shown that inflammasome proteins offer great promise as biomarkers of central nervous system (CNS) injury following brain trauma. In the present study, we used a Simple Plex Assay (Protein Simple), a novel multi-analyte automated microfluidic immunoassay platform, to analyze serum and serum-derived EV samples from stroke patients and control subjects for inflammasome protein levels of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), Interleukins (IL)-1β, and (IL)-18. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves with associated confidence intervals obtained from the analysis of serum samples revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for ASC was 0.99 with a confidence interval between 0.9914 and 1.004, whereas the AUC for caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were 0.75, 0.61, and 0.67, respectively. Thus, these data indicate that ASC is a potential biomarker of stroke and highlight the role of the inflammasome in the inflammatory response after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marta García-Contreras
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sam Abbassi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nancy H Mejias
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brandon R Desousa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, United States
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32
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Syed SA, Beurel E, Loewenstein DA, Lowell JA, Craighead WE, Dunlop BW, Mayberg HS, Dhabhar F, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Nemeroff CB. Defective Inflammatory Pathways in Never-Treated Depressed Patients Are Associated with Poor Treatment Response. Neuron 2018; 99:914-924.e3. [PMID: 30146307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been involved in the pathophysiology and treatment response of major depressive disorder (MDD). Plasma cytokine profiles of 171 treatment-naive MDD patients (none of the MDD patients received an adequate trial of antidepressants or evidence-based psychotherapy) and 64 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained. MDD patients exhibited elevated concentrations of 18 anti- and proinflammatory markers and decreased concentrations of 6 cytokines. Increased inflammasome protein expression was observed in MDD patients, indicative of an activated inflammatory response. The plasma of MDD patients was immunosuppressive on healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells, inducing reduced activation of monocytes/dendritic cells and B cells and reduced T cell memory. Comparison between 33 non-responders and 71 responders at baseline and 12 weeks revealed that after treatment, anti-inflammatory cytokine levels increase in both groups, whereas 5 proinflammatory cytokine levels were stabilized in responders, but continued to increase in non-responders. MDD patients exhibit remodeling of their inflammatory landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariful A Syed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David A Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Lowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Edward Craighead
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Firdaus Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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33
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Lee SW, Gajavelli S, Spurlock MS, Andreoni C, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Bullock MR, Keane RW, Dietrich WD. Microglial Inflammasome Activation in Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1681-1693. [PMID: 29439605 PMCID: PMC6016174 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is a significant cause of death and disability in the United States. Inflammasomes are one of the key regulators of the interleukin (IL)-1β mediated inflammatory responses after traumatic brain injury. However, the contribution of inflammasome signaling after PTBI has not been determined. In this study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham procedures or penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) and sacrificed at various time-points. Tissues were assessed by immunoblot analysis for expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and components of the inflammasome: apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-activation and recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and gasdermin-D (GSDMD). Specific cell types expressing inflammasome proteins also were evaluated immunohistochemically and assessed quantitatively. After PBBI, expression of IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, ASC, XIAP, and NLRP3 peaked around 48 h. Brain protein lysates from PTBI animals showed pyroptosome formation evidenced by ASC laddering, and also contained increased expression of GSDMD at 48 h after injury. ASC-positive immunoreactive neurons within the perilesional cortex were observed at 24 h. At 48 h, ASC expression was concentrated in morphologically activated cortical microglia. This expression of ASC in activated microglia persisted until 12 weeks following PBBI. This is the first report of inflammasome activation after PBBI. Our results demonstrate cell-specific patterns of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis predominantly in microglia, suggesting a sustained pro-inflammatory state following PBBI, thus offering a therapeutic target for this type of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Markus S. Spurlock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cody Andreoni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - M. Ross Bullock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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34
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Kerr NA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Abbassi S, Kaur H, Zambrano R, Wu S, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Acute Lung Injury: Evidence for Activation and Inhibition of a Neural-Respiratory-Inflammasome Axis. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2067-2076. [PMID: 29648974 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20-25% of traumatic brain injury (TBI) subjects develop acute lung injury (ALI), but the pathomechanisms of TBI-induced ALI remain poorly defined. Our previous work has shown that the inflammasome plays a critical role in TBI-induced secondary pathophysiology and that inflammasome proteins are released in extracellular vesicles (EV) after TBI. Here we investigated whether EV-mediated inflammasome signaling contributed to the etiology of TBI-induced ALI. C57/BL6 male mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI), and the brains and lungs were examined for inflammasome activation and ALI at 4 and 24 h after TBI. We show that TBI releases EV containing inflammasome proteins into serum that target the lung to cause ALI, supporting activation of a neural-respiratory-inflammasome axis. Administration of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin, a blocker of EV uptake) or treatment with a monoclonal antibody against apoptosis speck-like staining protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (anti-ASC) after adoptive transfer of EV isolated from TBI-injured mice significantly inhibited inflammasome activation in the lungs of recipient mice resulting in improved ALI scores.This axis constitutes an important arm of the innate inflammatory response in lung pathology after TBI and targeting this axis represents a novel therapeutic treatment for TBI-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A Kerr
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Sam Abbassi
- 2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Harmanpreet Kaur
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Shu Wu
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Robert W Keane
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that contributes to the innate immune response in animal models of MS as well as in patients with the disease. Important to the care of patients with MS is the need for biomarkers that can predict disease onset, disease exacerbation, as well as response to treatment. In this study, we analyzed serum samples from 32 patients with MS and 120 age-matched controls, and provide receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves with associated confidence intervals following analyses of serum samples from patients with MS, most of which had the relapsing-remitting form of the disease, and from healthy unaffected donors, and determine the sensitivity and specificity of inflammasome proteins as biomarkers of MS. We report that caspase-1 (1.662 ± 0.6024 difference between means), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) (407.5 ± 35.79), and interleukin (IL)-18 (78.53 + 17.86) were elevated in the serum of MS patients when compared to controls. Interestingly, the levels of IL-1β (−0.5961 ± 0.265) were lower in the MS cohort. Importantly, the area under the curve (AUC) for ASC and caspase-1 were 0.9448 and 0.848, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that ASC and caspase-1 could be potential candidate biomarkers for MS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, United States
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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36
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Hummler JK, Dapaah-Siakwan F, Vaidya R, Zambrano R, Luo S, Chen S, Kerr N, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW, Dietrich WD, Bancalari E, Young KC, Wu S. Inhibition of Rac1 Signaling Downregulates Inflammasome Activation and Attenuates Lung Injury in Neonatal Rats Exposed to Hyperoxia. Neonatology 2017; 111:280-288. [PMID: 28013306 DOI: 10.1159/000450918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory injury, particularly the production of active interleukin (IL)-1β plays a major role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. The release of active IL-1β is controlled by posttranscriptional modifications of its proform (pro-IL-1β) through the inflammasome. Rac1 is a member of the Rho family of GTPases that regulate the inflammatory process. OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that Rac1 signaling increases inflammasome activation that results in damaging inflammation, and that the inhibition of Rac1 signaling prevents lung injury, by inhibiting inflammasome activation in a newborn rat model of BPD induced by hyperoxia. METHODS Newborn rat pups were exposed to room air or hyperoxia (85% O2) and received daily intraperitoneal injections of placebo (normal saline) or NSC23766, a specific Rac1 inhibitor, for 10 days. The effects on lung inflammation, alveolarization, vascular development, vascular remodeling, right ventricular systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were then assessed. RESULTS Hyperoxia exposure upregulated Rac1 and increased the production of active IL-1β, which was accompanied by increasing expression of the inflammasome. In addition, hyperoxia induced the pathological hallmarks of BPD. However, treatment with NSC23766 significantly decreased inflammasome activation and macrophage infiltration, improved alveolar and vascular development, and reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling and RVH. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Rac1 signaling regulates the expression of the inflammasome and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury. Therefore, targeting Rac1 signaling may provide a novel strategy to prevent and treat BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Hummler
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Sawaya ME, Blume-Peytavi U, Mullins DL, Nusbaum BP, Whiting D, Nicholson DW, Lotocki G, Keane RW. Effects of Finasteride on Apoptosis and Regulation of the Human Hair Cycle. J Cutan Med Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/120347540200600101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: A number of studies have provided evidence that apoptosis is a central element in the regulation of hair follicle regression. In androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the exact location and control of key players in the apoptotic pathways remains obscure. Objective: In the present study, we used a panel of antibodies and investigated the spatial and cellular pattern of expression of caspases and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), such as XIAP and FLIP, in men with normal scalp and in men with AGA before and after 6 months of treatment with 1 mg oral finasteride treatment. Methods and Results: Constitutive expression of caspases-1, −3, −8, and −9 and XIAP was detected predominantly within the isthmic and infundibular hair follicle area, basilar layer of the epidermis, and eccrine and sebaceous glands. AGA-affected tissues showed an increase in caspase (−1, −3, −6, −9) immunoreactivity with a concomitant decrease in XIAP staining. After 6 months of finasteride treatment, both caspases and XIAP were similar to levels exhibited by normal subjects. Immunoblot analysis was performed to determine antibody specificity and cellular expression of caspases. Purified populations of keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal papilla, and dermal fibroblasts derived from human hair follicles were cultured in vitro and treated with 0.5 μm staurosporin. Time-course experiments revealed that processing of caspase-3 is a principal event during apoptosis of these hair cell types. Conclusion: These data suggest that alterations in levels of caspases and IAPs regulate hair follicle homeostasis. Moreover, finasteride appears to influence caspase and XIAP expression in hair follicle cells thus signaling anagen, active growth in the hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - George Lotocki
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Lévesque SA, Paré A, Mailhot B, Bellver-Landete V, Kébir H, Lécuyer MA, Alvarez JI, Prat A, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW, Lacroix S. Myeloid cell transmigration across the CNS vasculature triggers IL-1β-driven neuroinflammation during autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. J Exp Med 2016; 213:929-49. [PMID: 27139491 PMCID: PMC4886360 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a role for IL-1 in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but how it impacts neuroinflammation is poorly understood. We show that susceptibility to EAE requires activation of IL-1R1 on radiation-resistant cells via IL-1β secreted by bone marrow-derived cells. Neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are the main source of IL-1β and produce this cytokine as a result of their transmigration across the inflamed blood-spinal cord barrier. IL-1R1 expression in the spinal cord is found in endothelial cells (ECs) of the pial venous plexus. Accordingly, leukocyte infiltration at EAE onset is restricted to IL-1R1(+) subpial and subarachnoid vessels. In response to IL-1β, primary cultures of central nervous system ECs produce GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-6, Cxcl1, and Cxcl2. Initiation of EAE or subdural injection of IL-1β induces a similar cytokine/chemokine signature in spinal cord vessels. Furthermore, the transfer of Gr1(+) cells on the spinal cord is sufficient to induce illness in EAE-resistant IL-1β knockout (KO) mice. Notably, transfer of Gr1(+) cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice induce massive recruitment of recipient myeloid cells compared with cells from IL-1β KO donors, and this recruitment translates into more severe paralysis. These findings suggest that an IL-1β-dependent paracrine loop between infiltrated neutrophils/MDMs and ECs drives neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien A Lévesque
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Paré
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Benoit Mailhot
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Victor Bellver-Landete
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Hania Kébir
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jorge Ivan Alvarez
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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de Rivero Vaccari JP, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Therapeutics targeting the inflammasome after central nervous system injury. Transl Res 2016; 167:35-45. [PMID: 26024799 PMCID: PMC4643411 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is part of the early response of the body to deal with tissue damage and infections. Because of the early nature of the innate immune inflammatory response, this inflammatory reaction represents an attractive option as a therapeutic target. The inflammasome is a component of the innate immune response involved in the activation of caspase 1 and the processing of pro-interleukin 1β. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of the inflammasome after central nervous system (CNS) injury and stroke, as well as the basic knowledge we have gained so far regarding inflammasome activation in the CNS. In addition, we discuss some of the therapies available or under investigation for the treatment of brain injury, spinal cord injury, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla.
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla
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40
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de Rivero Vaccari JP, Brand F, Adamczak S, Lee SW, Perez-Barcena J, Wang MY, Bullock MR, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Exosome-mediated inflammasome signaling after central nervous system injury. J Neurochem 2015; 136 Suppl 1:39-48. [PMID: 25628216 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a response against harmful effects of diverse stimuli and participates in the pathogenesis of brain and spinal cord injury (SCI). The innate immune response plays a role in neuroinflammation following CNS injury via activation of multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes that regulate the activation of caspase 1 and the processing of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. We report here that the expression of components of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein-1 (NLRP-1) inflammasome, apoptosis speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase 1 are significantly elevated in spinal cord motor neurons and cortical neurons after CNS trauma. Moreover, NLRP1 inflammasome proteins are present in exosomes derived from CSF of SCI and traumatic brain-injured patients following trauma. To investigate whether exosomes could be used to therapeutically block inflammasome activation in the CNS, exosomes were isolated from embryonic cortical neuronal cultures and loaded with short-interfering RNA (siRNA) against ASC and administered to spinal cord-injured animals. Neuronal-derived exosomes crossed the injured blood-spinal cord barrier, and delivered their cargo in vivo, resulting in knockdown of ASC protein levels by approximately 76% when compared to SCI rats treated with scrambled siRNA. Surprisingly, siRNA silencing of ASC also led to a significant decrease in caspase 1 activation and processing of IL-1β after SCI. These findings indicate that exosome-mediated siRNA delivery may be a strong candidate to block inflammasome activation following CNS injury. We propose the following signaling cascade for inflammasome activation in peripheral tissues after CNS injury: CNS trauma induces inflammasome activation in the nervous system and secretion of exosomes containing inflammasome protein cargo into cerebral spinal fluid. The inflammasome containing exosomes then fuse with target cells to activate the innate immune response in peripheral tissues. We suggest that these findings may be used to develop new therapeutics to treat the devastating inflammation and cell destruction evoked by CNS injuries. IL-1β and IL-18 = pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Frank Brand
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie Adamczak
- Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie W Lee
- Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jon Perez-Barcena
- Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Y Wang
- Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - M Ross Bullock
- Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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41
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Ibrahim E, Castle SM, Aballa TC, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Lynne CM, Brackett NL. Neutralization of ASC improves sperm motility in men with spinal cord injury. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2368-73. [PMID: 25205754 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does neutralization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC) improve sperm motility in men with spinal cord injury (SCI)? SUMMARY ANSWER Neutralization of ASC improves sperm motility in men with SCI. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Semen of men with SCI contains normal sperm concentrations but abnormally low sperm motility. Inflammatory cytokines, activated via the inflammasome complex, are contributory. A key component of the inflammasome is ASC. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective study included semen samples collected from 32 men with SCI. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS At a major university medical center, untreated semen was compared with semen treated with anti-ASC polyclonal antibody. Semen treated with IgG was used as a control. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Addition of anti-ASC polyclonal antibody to semen significantly increased mean sperm motility from 11.5% (95% CI, 6.3-16.7) to 18.3% (95% CI, 11.8-24.8). Improvements were most pronounced in the subgroup whose starting motility ranged between 6 and 40%. In this subgroup, the mean sperm motility improved from 13.3% (95% CI, 9.3-17.3) to 23.9% (95% CI, 14.7-23.0). Sperm motility did not improve after treatment with IgG. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study is limited by the small sample size as this is a rare population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Blockade of the inflammasome via treatment with anti-ASC improved sperm motility in men with SCI. In doing so, this treatment significantly increased their total motile sperm count. This is the first study to demonstrate that interference with the inflammasome improves sperm motility in men with SCI. This treatment has potential as a therapeutic intervention. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was funded by the Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, Grant # 224598, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL, USA. R.W.K. and J.P.d.R.V. hold a patent for the treatment of inflammation after central nervous system injury using antibodies against inflammasome proteins. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ibrahim
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S M Castle
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - T C Aballa
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R W Keane
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J P de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C M Lynne
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N L Brackett
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Kigerl KA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Dietrich WD, Popovich PG, Keane RW. Pattern recognition receptors and central nervous system repair. Exp Neurol 2014; 258:5-16. [PMID: 25017883 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are part of the innate immune response and were originally discovered for their role in recognizing pathogens by ligating specific pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed by microbes. Now the role of PRRs in sterile inflammation is also appreciated, responding to endogenous stimuli referred to as "damage associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) instead of PAMPs. The main families of PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-like receptors (RLRs), AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), and C-type lectin receptors. Broad expression of these PRRs in the CNS and the release of DAMPs in and around sites of injury suggest an important role for these receptor families in mediating post-injury inflammation. Considerable data now show that PRRs are among the first responders to CNS injury and activation of these receptors on microglia, neurons, and astrocytes triggers an innate immune response in the brain and spinal cord. Here we discuss how the various PRR families are activated and can influence injury and repair processes following CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience - Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA
| | | | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery - The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience - Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA.
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics - University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Dumas A, Amiable N, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Chae JJ, Keane RW, Lacroix S, Vallières L. The inflammasome pyrin contributes to pertussis toxin-induced IL-1β synthesis, neutrophil intravascular crawling and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004150. [PMID: 24875775 PMCID: PMC4038594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial agents can aggravate inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). An example is pertussis toxin (PTX), a bacterial virulence factor commonly used as an adjuvant to promote EAE, but whose mechanism of action is unclear. We have reported that PTX triggers an IL-6-mediated signaling cascade that increases the number of leukocytes that patrol the vasculature by crawling on its luminal surface. In the present study, we examined this response in mice lacking either TLR4 or inflammasome components and using enzymatically active and inactive forms of PTX. Our results indicate that PTX, through its ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, induces two series of events upstream of IL-6: 1) the activation of TLR4 signaling in myeloid cells, leading to pro-IL-1β synthesis; and 2) the formation of a pyrin-dependent inflammasome that cleaves pro-IL-1β into its active form. In turn, IL-1β stimulates nearby stromal cells to secrete IL-6, which is known to induce vascular changes required for leukocyte adhesion. Without pyrin, PTX does not induce neutrophil adhesion to cerebral capillaries and is less effective at inducing EAE in transgenic mice with encephalitogenic T lymphocytes. This study identifies the first microbial molecule that activates pyrin, a mechanism by which infections may influence MS and a potential therapeutic target for immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dumas
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Amiable
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luc Vallières
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Jackson DG, Wang J, Keane RW, Scemes E, Dahl G. ATP and potassium ions: a deadly combination for astrocytes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4576. [PMID: 24694658 PMCID: PMC3974143 DOI: 10.1038/srep04576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP release channel Pannexin1 (Panx1) is self-regulated, i.e. the permeant ATP inhibits the channel from the extracellular space. The affinity of the ATP binding site is lower than that of the purinergic P2X7 receptor allowing a transient activation of Panx1 by ATP through P2X7R. Here we show that the inhibition of Panx1 by ATP is abrogated by increased extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K(+)]o) in a dose-dependent manner. Since increased [K(+)]o is also a stimulus for Panx1 channels, it can be expected that a combination of ATP and increased [K(+)]o would be deadly for cells. Indeed, astrocytes did not survive exposure to these combined stimuli. The death mechanism, although involving P2X7R, does not appear to strictly follow a pyroptotic pathway. Instead, caspase-3 was activated, a process inhibited by Panx1 inhibitors. These data suggest that Panx1 plays an early role in the cell death signaling pathway involving ATP and K(+) ions. Additionally, Panx1 may play a second role once cells are committed to apoptosis, since Panx1 is also a substrate of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Jackson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461
| | - Gerhard Dahl
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
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de Rivero Vaccari JP, Brand FJ, Sedaghat C, Mash DC, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. RIG-1 receptor expression in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:67. [PMID: 24694234 PMCID: PMC3977677 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and involves activation of the innate immune response via recognition of diverse stimuli by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The inflammatory inducers and precise innate signaling pathway contributing to AD pathology remain largely undefined. RESULTS In the present study we analyzed expression levels of innate immune proteins in temporal and occipital cortices from preclinical (no cognitive impairment, NCI, N = 22) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 20) associated with AD pathology (N = 20) and AD patients (N = 23). We found that retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-1) is significantly elevated in the temporal cortex and plasma in patients with MCI. In addition, primary human astrocytes stimulated with the RIG-1 ligand 5'ppp RNA showed increased expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid-β (Aβ), supporting the idea that RIG-1 is involved in the pathology of MCI associated with early progression to AD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RIG-1 may play a critical role in incipient AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Frank J Brand
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Christina Sedaghat
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Stojadinovic O, Minkiewicz J, Sawaya A, Bourne JW, Torzilli P, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, Tomic-Canic M. Deep tissue injury in development of pressure ulcers: a decrease of inflammasome activation and changes in human skin morphology in response to aging and mechanical load. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69223. [PMID: 23967056 PMCID: PMC3743891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms leading to pressure ulcer development are scarce in spite of high mortality of patients. Development of pressure ulcers that is initially observed as deep tissue injury is multifactorial. We postulate that biomechanical forces and inflammasome activation, together with ischemia and aging, may play a role in pressure ulcer development. To test this we used a newly-developed bio-mechanical model in which ischemic young and aged human skin was subjected to a constant physiological compressive stress (load) of 300 kPa (determined by pressure plate analyses of a person in a reclining position) for 0.5–4 hours. Collagen orientation was assessed using polarized light, whereas inflammasome proteins were quantified by immunoblotting. Loaded skin showed marked changes in morphology and NLRP3 inflammasome protein expression. Sub-epidermal separations and altered orientation of collagen fibers were observed in aged skin at earlier time points. Aged skin showed significant decreases in the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome proteins. Loading did not alter NLRP3 inflammasome proteins expression in aged skin, whereas it significantly increased their levels in young skin. We conclude that aging contributes to rapid morphological changes and decrease in inflammasome proteins in response to tissue damage, suggesting that a decline in the innate inflammatory response in elderly skin could contribute to pressure ulcer pathogenesis. Observed morphological changes suggest that tissue damage upon loading may not be entirely preventable. Furthermore, newly developed model described here may be very useful in understanding the mechanisms of deep tissue injury that may lead towards development of pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Stojadinovic
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller Medical School, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia Minkiewicz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Miami Miller Medical School, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrew Sawaya
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller Medical School, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Bourne
- Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Torzilli
- Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Miami Miller Medical School, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, University of Miami Miller Medical School, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma involves extensive cellular damage that is due, in part, to an innate inflammatory response induced by extracellular ATP. The innate immune response is regulated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which include NOD-like receptors (NLRs). The PRRs and signaling cascades that regulate innate glial responses to CNS injury remain largely undefined. In this report, we show that human astrocytes express the NLR protein 2 (NLRP2) inflammasome that is activated by the danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) ATP. The NLRP2 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that consists of NLRP2, the adaptor protein apoptosis-speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1. NLRP2 also interacts with the P2X7 receptor and the pannexin 1 channel. Stimulation of human astrocytes with ATP resulted in activation of the NLRP2 inflammasome leading to the processing of inflammatory caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). ATP-induced activation of the NLRP2 inflammasome was inhibited by the pannexin 1 inhibitor probenecid and by the P2X7 receptor antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG). siRNA knockdown of NLRP2 significantly decreased NLRP2 levels and caspase-1 processing in human astrocytes in response to ATP. Our findings suggest that the astrocytic NLRP2 inflammasome is an important component of the CNS inflammatory response and that the NLRP2 inflammasome may be a therapeutic target to inhibit inflammation induced by CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Minkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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Abstract
Pannexin1 (Panx1) originally was discovered as a gap junction related protein. However, rather than forming the cell-to-cell channels of gap junctions, Panx1 forms a mechanosensitive and highly ATP permeable channel in the cell membrane allowing the exchange of molecules between the cytoplasm and the extracellular space. The list of arguments for Panx1 representing the major ATP release channel includes: (1) Panx1 is expressed in (all?) cells releasing ATP in a non-vesicular fashion, such as erythrocytes; (2) in cells with polar release of ATP, Panx1 is expressed at the ATP release site, such as the apical membrane in airway epithelial cells; (3) the pharmacology of Panx1 channels matches that of ATP release; (4) mutation of Panx1 in strategic positions in the protein modifies ATP release; and (5) knockdown or knockout of Panx1 attenuates or abolishes ATP release. Panx1, in association with the purinergic receptor P2X7, is involved in the innate immune response and in apoptotic/pyroptotic cell death. Inflammatory processes are responsible for amplification of the primary lesion in CNS trauma and stroke. Panx1, as an early signal event and as a signal amplifier in these processes, is an obvious target for the prevention of secondary cell death due to inflammasome activity. Since Panx1 inhibitors such as probenecid are already clinically tested in different settings they should be considered for therapy in stroke and CNS trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Dahl
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, School of Medicine, PO Box 016430, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
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Adamczak S, Dale G, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Bullock MR, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Inflammasome proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of brain-injured patients as biomarkers of functional outcome: clinical article. J Neurosurg 2012; 117:1119-25. [PMID: 23061392 DOI: 10.3171/2012.9.jns12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Traumatic brain injury (TBI), the third most common CNS pathology, plagues 5.3 million Americans with permanent TBI-related disabilities. To evaluate injury severity and prognosis, physicians rely on clinical variables. Here, the authors seek objective, biochemical markers reflecting molecular injury mechanisms specific to the CNS as more accurate measurements of injury severity and outcome. One such secondary injury mechanism, the innate immune response, is regulated by the inflammasome, a molecular platform that activates caspase-1 and interleukin-1β. METHODS The authors investigated whether inflammasome components were present in the CSF of 23 patients with TBI and whether levels of inflammasome components correlate with outcome. The authors performed an immunoblot analysis of CSF samples from patients who suffered TBI and nontrauma controls and assessed the outcomes 5 months postinjury by using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-tests and linear regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with severe or moderate cranial trauma exhibited significantly higher CSF levels of the inflammasome proteins ASC, caspase-1, and NALP-1 than nontrauma controls (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0029, and p = 0.0202, respectively). Expression of each protein correlated significantly with the Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 5 months postinjury (p < 0.05). ASC, caspase-1, and NALP-1 were significantly higher in the CSF of patients with unfavorable outcomes, including death and severe disability (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS NALP-1 inflammasome proteins are potential biomarkers to assess TBI severity, outcome, and the secondary injury mechanisms impeding recovery, serving as adjuncts to clinical predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Adamczak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
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Wang X, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Wang H, Diaz P, German R, Marcillo AE, Keane RW. Activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element pathway is neuroprotective after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:936-45. [PMID: 21806470 PMCID: PMC3303102 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in secondary pathomechanisms following spinal cord injury (SCI). These pathophysiological processes lead to cell death and are tightly regulated by nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling. Here, we investigated whether activation of Nrf2/ARE is neuroprotective following SCI. Female Fischer rats were subjected to mild thoracic SCI (T8) using the New York University injury device. As early as 30 min after SCI, levels of Nrf2 transcription factor were increased in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of neurons and astrocytes at the lesion site and remained elevated for 3 days. Treatment of injured rats with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2/ARE signaling, significantly increased levels of Nrf2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of glutathione, and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) thus leading to a reduction in contusion volume and improvement in coordination. These results show that activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway following SCI is neuroprotective and that sulforaphane is a viable compound for neurotherapeutic intervention in blocking pathomechanisms following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Paulo Diaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ramon German
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Alex E. Marcillo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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