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Yano-Sakamoto K, Kitai Y, Toriu N, Yamamoto S, Mizuta K, Saitou M, Tsukiyama T, Taniuchi I, Osato M, Yanagita M. Expression pattern of Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family members and the role of RUNX1 during kidney development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 722:150155. [PMID: 38795454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family members play critical roles in the development of multiple organs. Mammalian RUNX family members, consisting of RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, have distinct tissue-specific expression and function. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal expression patterns of RUNX family members in developing kidneys and analyzed the role of RUNX1 during kidney development. In the developing mouse kidney, RUNX1 protein was strongly expressed in the ureteric bud (UB) tip and weakly expressed in the distal segment of the renal vesicle (RV), comma-shaped body (CSB), and S-shaped body (SSB). In contrast, RUNX2 protein was restricted to the stroma, and RUNX3 protein was only expressed in immune cells. We also analyzed the expression of RUNX family members in the cynomolgus monkey kidney. We found that expression patterns of RUNX2 and RUNX3 were conserved between rodents and primates, whereas RUNX1 was only expressed in the UB tip, not in the RV, CSB, or SSB of cynomolgus monkeys, suggesting a species differences. We further evaluated the roles of RUNX1 using two different conditional knockout mice: Runx1f/f:HoxB7-Cre and Runx1f/f:R26-CreERT2 and found no abnormalities in the kidney. Our findings showed that RUNX1, which is mainly expressed in the UB tip, is not essential for kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yano-Sakamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Kitai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Naoya Toriu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Ken Mizuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Motomi Osato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Murase Y, Yokogawa R, Yabuta Y, Nagano M, Katou Y, Mizuyama M, Kitamura A, Puangsricharoen P, Yamashiro C, Hu B, Mizuta K, Tsujimura T, Yamamoto T, Ogata K, Ishihama Y, Saitou M. In vitro reconstitution of epigenetic reprogramming in the human germ line. Nature 2024; 631:170-178. [PMID: 38768632 PMCID: PMC11222161 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming resets parental epigenetic memories and differentiates primordial germ cells (PGCs) into mitotic pro-spermatogonia or oogonia. This process ensures sexually dimorphic germ cell development for totipotency1. In vitro reconstitution of epigenetic reprogramming in humans remains a fundamental challenge. Here we establish a strategy for inducing epigenetic reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotent stem-cell-derived human PGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) into mitotic pro-spermatogonia or oogonia, coupled with their extensive amplification (about >1010-fold). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling is a key driver of these processes. BMP-driven hPGCLC differentiation involves attenuation of the MAPK (ERK) pathway and both de novo and maintenance DNA methyltransferase activities, which probably promote replication-coupled, passive DNA demethylation. hPGCLCs deficient in TET1, an active DNA demethylase abundant in human germ cells2,3, differentiate into extraembryonic cells, including amnion, with de-repression of key genes that bear bivalent promoters. These cells fail to fully activate genes vital for spermatogenesis and oogenesis, and their promoters remain methylated. Our study provides a framework for epigenetic reprogramming in humans and an important advance in human biology. Through the generation of abundant mitotic pro-spermatogonia and oogonia-like cells, our results also represent a milestone for human in vitro gametogenesis research and its potential translation into reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murase
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuta Yokogawa
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagano
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Katou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manami Mizuyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kitamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pimpitcha Puangsricharoen
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chika Yamashiro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Mizuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taro Tsujimura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical-Risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogata
- Department of Molecular Systems BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular Systems BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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3
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Shirasawa A, Hayashi M, Shono M, Ideta A, Yoshino T, Hayashi K. Efficient derivation of embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cell-like cells in cattle. J Reprod Dev 2024; 70:82-95. [PMID: 38355134 PMCID: PMC11017101 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The induction of the germ cell lineage from pluripotent stem cells (in vitro gametogenesis) will help understand the mechanisms underlying germ cell differentiation and provide an alternative source of gametes for reproduction. This technology is especially important for cattle, which are among the most important livestock species for milk and meat production. Here, we developed a new method for robust induction of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) from newly established bovine embryonic stem (bES) cells. First, we refined the pluripotent culture conditions for pre-implantation embryos and ES cells. Inhibition of RHO increased the number of epiblast cells in the pre-implantation embryos and dramatically improved the efficiency of ES cell establishment. We then determined suitable culture conditions for PGCLC differentiation using bES cells harboring BLIMP1-tdTomato and TFAP2C-mNeonGreen (BTTN) reporter constructs. After a 24-h culture with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), followed by three-dimensional culture with BMP4 and a chemical agonist and WNT signaling chemical antagonist, bES cells became positive for the reporters. A set of primordial germ cells (PGC) marker genes, including PRDM1/BLIMP1, TFAP2C, SOX17, and NANOS3, were expressed in BTTN-positive cells. These bovine PGCLCs (bPGCLCs) were isolated as KIT/CD117-positive and CD44-negative cell populations. We anticipate that this method for the efficient establishment of bES cells and induction of PGCLCs will be useful for stem cell-based reproductive technologies in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shirasawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Zen-noh Embryo Transfer Center, Fukuoka 810-0001, Japan
| | - Masafumi Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shono
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ideta
- Zen-noh Embryo Transfer Center, Fukuoka 810-0001, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshino
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Frost ER, Gilchrist RB. Making human eggs in a dish: are we close? Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:168-178. [PMID: 37625913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the space of 50 years, we have seen incredible achievements in human reproductive medicine. With these leaps forward, it is no wonder that there is a major interest in women's reproductive health research, including extension of reproductive lifespan. Substantial effort is currently being made to address this challenge, including from the commercial sector. In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) in mice is a spectacular breakthrough and has the potential to offer hope to women with intractable infertility. However, with such lofty goals, some reflection may be called for: mastering all of the techniques required for complete and safe IVG in women is likely to be extraordinarily difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Frost
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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5
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Liu X, Li X, Wang Z. The spatiotemporal pattern of glypican coordinates primordial germ cell differentiation with ovary development. iScience 2024; 27:108710. [PMID: 38205252 PMCID: PMC10776983 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells are coordinated with organ development and regulated by the signals in the microenvironment. Prior to gonad formation, how primordial germ cells (PGC) differentiate spatiotemporally to coordinate with gonadogenesis is unclear. In adult ovary, drosophila extracellular glypican Dally in germline stem cell (GSC) niche promotes BMP signaling to inhibit germline differentiation. Here we investigated the relation between the fate of PGC and the spatiotemporal pattern of glypican during ovary development. We found that Dally in ovarian soma assisted BMP signaling to prevent PGC from precocious differentiation. Dally's presence raises the "hurdle" for ecdysone peaks to eventually remove the transcription factor Kr and de-repress pro-differentiation factor, temporally postponing PGC differentiation until GSC niche establishment. The spatiotemporal glypican in somatic matrix assists PGC to integrate the ovarian local BMP and organismal steroid signals that coordinate PGC's program with organ/body development to maximize reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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6
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Kubiura-Ichimaru M, Penfold C, Kojima K, Dollet C, Yabukami H, Semi K, Takashima Y, Boroviak T, Kawaji H, Woltjen K, Minoda A, Sasaki E, Watanabe T. mRNA-based generation of marmoset PGCLCs capable of differentiation into gonocyte-like cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1987-2002. [PMID: 37683645 PMCID: PMC10656353 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primate germ cell development remains largely unexplored due to limitations in sample collection and the long duration of development. In mice, primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can develop into functional gametes by in vitro culture or in vivo transplantation. Such PGCLC-mediated induction of mature gametes in primates is highly useful for understanding human germ cell development. Since marmosets generate functional sperm earlier than other species, recapitulating the whole male germ cell development process is technically more feasible. Here, we induced the differentiation of iPSCs into gonocyte-like cells via PGCLCs in marmosets. First, we developed an mRNA transfection-based method to efficiently generate PGCLCs. Subsequently, to promote PGCLC differentiation, xenoreconstituted testes (xrtestes) were generated in the mouse kidney capsule. PGCLCs show progressive DNA demethylation and stepwise expression of developmental marker genes. This study provides an efficient platform for the study of marmoset germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musashi Kubiura-Ichimaru
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; Division of Molecular Genetics & Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Christopher Penfold
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kazuaki Kojima
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Constance Dollet
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Haruka Yabukami
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Katsunori Semi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Thorsten Boroviak
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Research Center for Genome & Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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7
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Mizuta K, Saitou M. Key mechanisms and in vitro reconstitution of fetal oocyte development in mammals. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 82:102091. [PMID: 37556984 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
During fetal oocyte development in mammals, germ cells progress through meiotic prophase I to form primordial follicles with pregranulosa cells. The primordial follicles remain dormant until oogenesis resumes during puberty. Studies in mice have elucidated mechanisms governing oogenesis, leading to the successful induction of functional oocytes from mouse pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Based on the in vivo/in vitro knowledge in mice and the histological and transcriptomic evidence for fetal oocyte development in humans and primates, human/primate oocyte-like cells corresponding to the early stage of oocytes in vivo have been successfully induced in vitro. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of fetal oocyte development in mammals, as well as in in vitro oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Mizuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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8
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Gyobu‐Motani S, Yabuta Y, Mizuta K, Katou Y, Okamoto I, Kawasaki M, Kitamura A, Tsukiyama T, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Tsujimura T, Yamamoto T, Nakamura T, Saitou M. Induction of fetal meiotic oocytes from embryonic stem cells in cynomolgus monkeys. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112962. [PMID: 36929479 PMCID: PMC10152148 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human in vitro oogenesis provides a framework for clarifying the mechanism of human oogenesis. To create its benchmark, it is vital to promote in vitro oogenesis using a model physiologically close to humans. Here, we establish a foundation for in vitro oogenesis in cynomolgus (cy) monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): cy female embryonic stem cells harboring one active and one inactive X chromosome (Xa and Xi, respectively) differentiate robustly into primordial germ cell-like cells, which in xenogeneic reconstituted ovaries develop efficiently into oogonia and, remarkably, further into meiotic oocytes at the zygotene stage. This differentiation entails comprehensive epigenetic reprogramming, including Xi reprogramming, yet Xa and Xi remain epigenetically asymmetric with, as partly observed in vivo, incomplete Xi reactivation. In humans and monkeys, the Xi epigenome in pluripotent stem cells functions as an Xi-reprogramming determinant. We further show that developmental pathway over-activations with suboptimal up-regulation of relevant meiotic genes impede in vitro meiotic progression. Cy in vitro oogenesis exhibits critical homology with the human system, including with respect to bottlenecks, providing a salient model for advancing human in vitro oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Gyobu‐Motani
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ken Mizuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Katou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ikuhiro Okamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ayaka Kitamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Taro Tsujimura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKENTokyoJapan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced ResearchKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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9
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Goszczynski DE, Navarro M, Mutto AA, Ross PJ. Review: Embryonic stem cells as tools for in vitro gamete production in livestock. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100828. [PMID: 37567652 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of in vitro gametogenesis is to reproduce the events of sperm and oocyte development in the laboratory. Significant advances have been made in the mouse in the last decade, but evolutionary divergence from the murine developmental program has prevented the replication of these advances in large mammals. In recent years, intensive work has been done in humans, non-human primates and livestock to elucidate species-specific differences that regulate germ cell development, due to the number of potential applications. One of the most promising applications is the use of in vitro gametes to optimize the spread of elite genetics in cattle. In this context, embryonic stem cells have been posed as excellent candidates for germ cell platforms. Here, we present the most relevant advances in in vitro gametogenesis of interest to livestock science, including new types of pluripotent stem cells with potential for germline derivation, characterization of the signaling environment in the gonadal niche, and experimental systems used to reproduce different stages of germ cell development in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Goszczynski
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde"- UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP 1650, Argentina
| | - M Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde"- UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP 1650, Argentina
| | - A A Mutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde"- UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP 1650, Argentina
| | - P J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; STgenetics, Navasota, TX, USA.
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Mattimoe T, Payer B. The compleX balancing act of controlling X-chromosome dosage and how it impacts mammalian germline development. Biochem J 2023; 480:521-537. [PMID: 37096944 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In female mammals, the two X chromosomes are subject to epigenetic gene regulation in order to balance X-linked gene dosage with autosomes and in relation to males, which have one X and one Y chromosome. This is achieved by an intricate interplay of several processes; X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation elicit global epigenetic regulation of expression from one X chromosome in a stage-specific manner, whilst the process of X-chromosome upregulation responds to this by fine-tuning transcription levels of the second X. The germline is unique in its function of transmitting both the genetic and epigenetic information from one generation to the next, and remodelling of the X chromosome is one of the key steps in setting the stage for successful development. Here, we provide an overview of the complex dynamics of X-chromosome dosage control during embryonic and germ cell development, and aim to decipher its potential role for normal germline competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Mattimoe
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Payer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Pierson Smela MD, Kramme CC, Fortuna PRJ, Adams JL, Su R, Dong E, Kobayashi M, Brixi G, Kavirayuni VS, Tysinger E, Kohman RE, Shioda T, Chatterjee P, Church GM. Directed differentiation of human iPSCs to functional ovarian granulosa-like cells via transcription factor overexpression. eLife 2023; 12:e83291. [PMID: 36803359 PMCID: PMC9943069 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vitro model of human ovarian follicles would greatly benefit the study of female reproduction. Ovarian development requires the combination of germ cells and several types of somatic cells. Among these, granulosa cells play a key role in follicle formation and support for oogenesis. Whereas efficient protocols exist for generating human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), a method of generating granulosa cells has been elusive. Here, we report that simultaneous overexpression of two transcription factors (TFs) can direct the differentiation of hiPSCs to granulosa-like cells. We elucidate the regulatory effects of several granulosa-related TFs and establish that overexpression of NR5A1 and either RUNX1 or RUNX2 is sufficient to generate granulosa-like cells. Our granulosa-like cells have transcriptomes similar to human fetal ovarian cells and recapitulate key ovarian phenotypes including follicle formation and steroidogenesis. When aggregated with hPGCLCs, our cells form ovary-like organoids (ovaroids) and support hPGCLC development from the premigratory to the gonadal stage as measured by induction of DAZL expression. This model system will provide unique opportunities for studying human ovarian biology and may enable the development of therapies for female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrick D Pierson Smela
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Christian C Kramme
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Patrick RJ Fortuna
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jessica L Adams
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rui Su
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Edward Dong
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Mutsumi Kobayashi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Garyk Brixi
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Venkata Srikar Kavirayuni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Emma Tysinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Richie E Kohman
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Pranam Chatterjee
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - George M Church
- Wyss Institute, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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12
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Laronda MM. Factors within the Developing Embryo and Ovarian Microenvironment That Influence Primordial Germ Cell Fate. Sex Dev 2023; 17:134-144. [PMID: 36646055 PMCID: PMC10349905 DOI: 10.1159/000528209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primordial germ cell (PGC) fate is dictated by the designation, taxis, and influence of the surrounding embryonic somatic cells. Whereas gonadal sex determination results from a balance of factors within the tissue microenvironment. SUMMARY Our understanding of mammalian ovary development is formed in large part from developmental time courses established using murine models. Genomic tools where genes implicated in the PGC designation or gonadal sex determination have been modulated through complete or conditional knockouts in vivo, and studies in in situ models with inhibitors or cultures that alter the native gonadal environment have pieced together the interplay of pioneering transcription factors, co-regulators and chromosomes critical for the progression of PGCs to oocytes. Tools such as pluripotent stem cell derivation, genomic modifications, and aggregate differentiation cultures have yielded some insight into the human condition. Additional understanding of sex determination, both gonadal and anatomical, may be inferred from phenotypes that arise from de novo or inherited gene variants in humans who have differences in sex development. KEY MESSAGES This review highlights major factors critical for PGC specification and migration, and in ovarian gonad specification by reviewing seminal murine models. These pathways are compared to what is known about the human condition from expression profiles of fetal gonadal tissue, use of human pluripotent stem cells, or disorders resulting from disease variants. Many of these pathways are challenging to decipher in human tissues. However, the impact of new single-cell technologies and whole-genome sequencing to reveal disease variants of idiopathic reproductive tract phenotypes will help elucidate the mechanisms involved in human ovary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Laronda
- Department of Endocrinology and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, (IL,) USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, (IL,) USA
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13
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Arkoun B, Moison P, Guerquin MJ, Messiaen S, Moison D, Tourpin S, Monville C, Livera G. Sorting and Manipulation of Human PGC-LC Using PDPN and Hanging Drop Cultures. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233832. [PMID: 36497094 PMCID: PMC9736549 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of oocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was proven efficient with mouse cells. However, no human iPSCs have yet been reported to generate cells able to complete oogenesis. Additionally, efficient sorting of human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells (hPGC-LCs) without genomic integration of fluorescent reporter for their downstream manipulation is still lacking. Here, we aimed to develop a model that allows human germ cell differentiation in vitro in order to study the developing human germline. The hPGC-LCs specified from two iPS cell lines were sorted and manipulated using the PDPN surface marker without genetic modification. hPGC-LCs obtained remain arrested at early stages of maturation and no further differentiation nor meiotic onset occurred when these were cultured with human or mouse fetal ovarian somatic cells. However, when cultured independently of somatic ovarian cells, using BMP4 and the hanging drop-transferred EBs system, early hPGC-LCs further differentiate efficiently and express late PGC (DDX4) and meiotic gene markers, although no SYCP3 protein was detected. Altogether, we characterized a tool to sort hPGC-LCs and an efficient in vitro differentiation system to obtain pre-meiotic germ cell-like cells without using a gonadal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Moison
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Delphine Moison
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sophie Tourpin
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Monville
- INSERM U861, I-Stem, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- Paris-Saclay Evry, U861, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratoire de Développement des Gonades, UMRE008 Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Université Paris Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-46-54-99-12
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