1
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Han IS, Hua J, White JS, O’Connor JT, Nassar LS, Tro KJ, Page-McCaw A, Hutson MS. After wounding, a G-protein coupled receptor promotes the restoration of tension in epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar66. [PMID: 38536445 PMCID: PMC11151093 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of epithelial barrier function involves cellular tension, with cells pulling on their neighbors to maintain epithelial integrity. Wounding interrupts cellular tension, which may serve as an early signal to initiate epithelial repair. To characterize how wounds alter cellular tension we used a laser-recoil assay to map cortical tension around wounds in the epithelial monolayer of the Drosophila pupal notum. Within a minute of wounding, there was widespread loss of cortical tension along both radial and tangential directions. This tension loss was similar to levels observed with Rok inactivation. Tension was subsequently restored around the wound, first in distal cells and then in proximal cells, reaching the wound margin ∼10 min after wounding. Restoring tension required the GPCR Mthl10 and the IP3 receptor, indicating the importance of this calcium signaling pathway known to be activated by cellular damage. Tension restoration correlated with an inward-moving contractile wave that has been previously reported; however, the contractile wave itself was not affected by Mthl10 knockdown. These results indicate that cells may transiently increase tension and contract in the absence of Mthl10 signaling, but that pathway is critical for fully resetting baseline epithelial tension after it is disrupted by wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy S. Han
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Junmin Hua
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - James S. White
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - James T. O’Connor
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Lila S. Nassar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Kaden J. Tro
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Andrea Page-McCaw
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - M. Shane Hutson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
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2
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Han I, Hua J, White JS, O'Connor JT, Nassar LS, Tro KJ, Page-McCaw A, Hutson MS. After wounding, a G-protein coupled receptor promotes the restoration of tension in epithelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.31.543122. [PMID: 37398151 PMCID: PMC10312550 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of epithelial barrier function involves cellular tension, with cells pulling on their neighbors to maintain epithelial integrity. Wounding interrupts cellular tension, which may serve as an early signal to initiate epithelial repair. To characterize how wounds alter cellular tension, we used a laser-recoil assay to map cortical tension around wounds in the epithelial monolayer of the Drosophila pupal notum. Within a minute of wounding, there was widespread loss of cortical tension along both radial and tangential directions. This tension loss was similar to levels observed with Rok inactivation. Tension was subsequently restored around the wound, first in distal cells and then in proximal cells, reaching the wound margin about 10 minutes after wounding. Restoring tension required the GPCR Mthl10 and the IP3 receptor, indicating the importance of this calcium signaling pathway known to be activated by cellular damage. Tension restoration correlated with an inward-moving contractile wave that has been previously reported; however, the contractile wave itself was not affected by Mthl10 knockdown. These results indicate that cells may transiently increase tension and contract in the absence of Mthl10 signaling, but that pathway is critical for fully resetting baseline epithelial tension after it is disrupted by wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Han
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University
| | - Junmin Hua
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University
| | - James S White
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University
| | - James T O'Connor
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University
| | - Lila S Nassar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University
| | - Kaden J Tro
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - M Shane Hutson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University
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3
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Mohammed TO, Lin YR, Akter L, Weissenbruch K, Ngo KX, Zhang Y, Kodera N, Bastmeyer M, Miyanari Y, Taoka A, Franz CM. S100A11 promotes focal adhesion disassembly via myosin II-driven contractility and Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ entry. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261492. [PMID: 38277157 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
S100A11 is a small Ca2+-activatable protein known to localize along stress fibers (SFs). Analyzing S100A11 localization in HeLa and U2OS cells further revealed S100A11 enrichment at focal adhesions (FAs). Strikingly, S100A11 levels at FAs increased sharply, yet transiently, just before FA disassembly. Elevating intracellular Ca2+ levels with ionomycin stimulated both S100A11 recruitment and subsequent FA disassembly. However, pre-incubation with the non-muscle myosin II (NMII) inhibitor blebbistatin or with an inhibitor of the stretch-activatable Ca2+ channel Piezo1 suppressed S100A11 recruitment, implicating S100A11 in an actomyosin-driven FA recruitment mechanism involving Piezo1-dependent Ca2+ influx. Applying external forces on peripheral FAs likewise recruited S100A11 to FAs even if NMII activity was inhibited, corroborating the mechanosensitive recruitment mechanism of S100A11. However, extracellular Ca2+ and Piezo1 function were indispensable, indicating that NMII contraction forces act upstream of Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx, in turn leading to S100A11 activation and FA recruitment. S100A11-knockout cells display enlarged FAs and had delayed FA disassembly during cell membrane retraction, consistent with impaired FA turnover in these cells. Our results thus demonstrate a novel function for S100A11 in promoting actomyosin contractility-driven FA disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareg Omer Mohammed
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - You-Rong Lin
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Lucky Akter
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kai Weissenbruch
- Cell and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kien Xuan Ngo
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Cell and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yusuke Miyanari
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1162, Japan
| | - Azuma Taoka
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1162, Japan
| | - Clemens M Franz
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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4
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Zhang N, Häring M, Wolf F, Großhans J, Kong D. Dynamics and functions of E-cadherin complexes in epithelial cell and tissue morphogenesis. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:585-601. [PMID: 38045551 PMCID: PMC10689684 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion is at the center of structure and dynamics of epithelial tissue. E-cadherin-catenin complexes mediate Ca2+-dependent trans-homodimerization and constitute the kernel of adherens junctions. Beyond the basic function of cell-cell adhesion, recent progress sheds light the dynamics and interwind interactions of individual E-cadherin-catenin complex with E-cadherin superclusters, contractile actomyosin and mechanics of the cortex and adhesion. The nanoscale architecture of E-cadherin complexes together with cis-interactions and interactions with cortical actomyosin adjust to junctional tension and mechano-transduction by reinforcement or weakening of specific features of the interactions. Although post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation have been implicated, their role for specific aspects of in E-cadherin function has remained unclear. Here, we provide an overview of the E-cadherin complex in epithelial cell and tissue morphogenesis focusing on nanoscale architectures by super-resolution approaches and post-translational modifications from recent, in particular in vivo, studies. Furthermore, we review the computational modelling in E-cadherin complexes and highlight how computational modelling has contributed to a deeper understanding of the E-cadherin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Häring
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fred Wolf
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Deqing Kong
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), Georg August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Lepeta K, Roubinet C, Bauer M, Vigano MA, Aguilar G, Kanca O, Ochoa-Espinosa A, Bieli D, Cabernard C, Caussinus E, Affolter M. Engineered kinases as a tool for phosphorylation of selected targets in vivo. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213463. [PMID: 36102907 PMCID: PMC9477969 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation by kinases controls a plethora of processes essential for the proper development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. One main obstacle in studying the role of a defined kinase–substrate interaction is that kinases form complex signaling networks and most often phosphorylate multiple substrates involved in various cellular processes. In recent years, several new approaches have been developed to control the activity of a given kinase. However, most of them fail to regulate a single protein target, likely hiding the effect of a unique kinase–substrate interaction by pleiotropic effects. To overcome this limitation, we have created protein binder-based engineered kinases that permit a direct, robust, and tissue-specific phosphorylation of fluorescent fusion proteins in vivo. We show the detailed characterization of two engineered kinases based on Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and Src. Expression of synthetic kinases in the developing fly embryo resulted in phosphorylation of their respective GFP-fusion targets, providing for the first time a means to direct the phosphorylation to a chosen and tagged target in vivo. We presume that after careful optimization, the novel approach we describe here can be adapted to other kinases and targets in various eukaryotic genetic systems to regulate specific downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Roubinet
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK 2
| | - Milena Bauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 1
| | | | | | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 3
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6
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Feng Z, Ducos B, Scerbo P, Aujard I, Jullien L, Bensimon D. The Development and Application of Opto-Chemical Tools in the Zebrafish. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196231. [PMID: 36234767 PMCID: PMC9572478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages such as a high degree of similarity to the human genome, the ease of genetic and chemical perturbations, external fertilization with high fecundity, transparent and fast-developing embryos, and relatively low cost-effective maintenance. In particular, body translucency is a unique feature of zebrafish that is not adequately obtained with other vertebrate organisms. The animal’s distinctive optical clarity and small size therefore make it a successful model for optical modulation and observation. Furthermore, the convenience of microinjection and high embryonic permeability readily allow for efficient delivery of large and small molecules into live animals. Finally, the numerous number of siblings obtained from a single pair of animals offers large replicates and improved statistical analysis of the results. In this review, we describe the development of opto-chemical tools based on various strategies that control biological activities with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the reported applications of these tools in zebrafish and highlight the current challenges and future possibilities of opto-chemical approaches, particularly at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Bensimon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (D.B.)
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7
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Lin B, Luo J, Lehmann R. An AMPK phosphoregulated RhoGEF feedback loop tunes cortical flow-driven amoeboid migration in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0323. [PMID: 36103538 PMCID: PMC9473612 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Development, morphogenesis, immune system function, and cancer metastasis rely on the ability of cells to move through diverse tissues. To dissect migratory cell behavior in vivo, we developed cell type-specific imaging and perturbation techniques for Drosophila primordial germ cells (PGCs). We find that PGCs use global, retrograde cortical actin flows for orientation and propulsion during guided developmental homing. PGCs use RhoGEF2, a RhoA-specific RGS-RhoGEF, as a dose-dependent regulator of cortical flow through a feedback loop requiring its conserved PDZ and PH domains for membrane anchoring and local RhoA activation. This feedback loop is regulated for directional migration by RhoGEF2 availability and requires AMPK rather than canonical Gα12/13 signaling. AMPK multisite phosphorylation of RhoGEF2 near a conserved EB1 microtubule-binding SxIP motif releases RhoGEF2 from microtubule-dependent inhibition. Thus, we establish the mechanism by which global cortical flow and polarized RhoA activation can be dynamically adapted during natural cell navigation in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lin
- Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan Luo
- Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Lv Z, Zhang N, Zhang X, Großhans J, Kong D. The Lateral Epidermis Actively Counteracts Pulling by the Amnioserosa During Dorsal Closure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865397. [PMID: 35652100 PMCID: PMC9148979 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal closure is a prominent morphogenetic process during Drosophila embryogenesis, which involves two epithelial tissues, that is, the squamous amnioserosa and the columnar lateral epidermis. Non-muscle myosin II-driven constriction in the amnioserosa leads to a decrease in the apical surface area and pulls on the adjacent lateral epidermis, which subsequently moves dorsally. The pull by the amnioserosa becomes obvious in an elongation of the epidermal cells, especially of those in the first row. The contribution of the epidermal cell elongation has remained unclear to dorsal closure. Cell elongation may be a mere passive consequence or an active response to the pulling by the amnioserosa. Here, we found that the lateral epidermis actively responds. We analyzed tensions within tissues and cell junctions by laser ablation before and during dorsal closure, the elliptical and dorsal closure stages, respectively. Furthermore, we genetically and optochemically induced chronic and acute cell contraction, respectively. In this way, we found that tension in the epidermis increased during dorsal closure. A correspondingly increased tension was not observed at individual junctions, however. Junctional tension even decreased during dorsal closure in the epidermis. We strikingly observed a strong increase of the microtubule amount in the epidermis, while non-muscle myosin II increased in both tissues. Our data suggest that the epidermis actively antagonizes the pull from the amnioserosa during dorsal closure and the increased microtubules might help the epidermis bear part of the mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Lv
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaozhu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Deqing Kong
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Deqing Kong,
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9
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Fattahi E, Taheri S, Schilling AF, Becker T, Pörtner R. Generation and evaluation of input values for computational analysis of transport processes within tissue cultures. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:681-698. [PMID: 36348656 PMCID: PMC9635004 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques for tissue culture have seen significant advances during the last decades and novel 3D cell culture systems have become available. To control their high complexity, experimental techniques and their Digital Twins (modelling and computational tools) are combined to link different variables to process conditions and critical process parameters. This allows a rapid evaluation of the expected product quality. However, the use of mathematical simulation and Digital Twins is critically dependent on the precise description of the problem and correct input parameters. Errors here can lead to dramatically wrong conclusions. The intention of this review is to provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art and remaining challenges with respect to generating input values for computational analysis of mass and momentum transport processes within tissue cultures. It gives an overview on relevant aspects of transport processes in tissue cultures as well as modelling and computational tools to tackle these problems. Further focus is on techniques used for the determination of cell‐specific parameters and characterization of culture systems, including sensors for on‐line determination of relevant parameters. In conclusion, tissue culture techniques are well‐established, and modelling tools are technically mature. New sensor technologies are on the way, especially for organ chips. The greatest remaining challenge seems to be the proper addressing and handling of input parameters required for mathematical models. Following Good Modelling Practice approaches when setting up and validating computational models is, therefore, essential to get to better estimations of the interesting complex processes inside organotypic tissue cultures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fattahi
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology TUM School of Life Sciences Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Shahed Taheri
- Department of Trauma Surgery Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology TUM School of Life Sciences Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Ralf Pörtner
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany
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10
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Schoenit A, Lo Giudice C, Hahnen N, Ollech D, Jahnke K, Göpfrich K, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Tuning Epithelial Cell-Cell Adhesion and Collective Dynamics with Functional DNA-E-Cadherin Hybrid Linkers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:302-310. [PMID: 34939414 PMCID: PMC8759084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The binding strength between epithelial cells is crucial for tissue integrity, signal transduction and collective cell dynamics. However, there is no experimental approach to precisely modulate cell-cell adhesion strength at the cellular and molecular level. Here, we establish DNA nanotechnology as a tool to control cell-cell adhesion of epithelial cells. We designed a DNA-E-cadherin hybrid system consisting of complementary DNA strands covalently bound to a truncated E-cadherin with a modified extracellular domain. DNA sequence design allows to tune the DNA-E-cadherin hybrid molecular binding strength, while retaining its cytosolic interactions and downstream signaling capabilities. The DNA-E-cadherin hybrid facilitates strong and reversible cell-cell adhesion in E-cadherin deficient cells by forming mechanotransducive adherens junctions. We assess the direct influence of cell-cell adhesion strength on intracellular signaling and collective cell dynamics. This highlights the scope of DNA nanotechnology as a precision technology to study and engineer cell collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schoenit
- Biophysical
Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Lo Giudice
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Hahnen
- Biophysical
Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Ollech
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Jahnke
- Biophysical
Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Göpfrich
- Biophysical
Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department
of Cellular Biophysics, Growth Factor Mechanobiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Cell shape changes based on actomyosin contractility provide a driving force in tissue morphogenesis. The temporally and spatially coordinated constrictions of many cells result in changes in tissue morphology. Given the networks of complex and mutual cellular interactions, the mechanisms underlying the emergence in tissue behavior are challenging to pinpoint. Important in the analysis of such interactions are novel methods for noninvasive interference with single-cell resolution and sub-minute timescale temporal control. Here we characterize an optochemical approach of Ca2+ uncaging to control cell contractility in Drosophila embryos. We describe in detail the method of sample preparation, microinjection, Ca2+ uncaging, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Kong
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
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12
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Roy Choudhury A, Großhans J, Kong D. Ion Channels in Epithelial Dynamics and Morphogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092280. [PMID: 34571929 PMCID: PMC8465836 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels mediate the neuronal sensation of mechanical signals such as sound, touch, and pain. Recent studies point to a function of these channel proteins in cell types and tissues in addition to the nervous system, such as epithelia, where they have been little studied, and their role has remained elusive. Dynamic epithelia are intrinsically exposed to mechanical forces. A response to pull and push is assumed to constitute an essential part of morphogenetic movements of epithelial tissues, for example. Mechano-gated channels may participate in sensing and responding to such forces. In this review, focusing on Drosophila, we highlight recent results that will guide further investigations concerned with the mechanistic role of these ion channels in epithelial cells.
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13
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O'Connor JT, Stevens AC, Shannon EK, Akbar FB, LaFever KS, Narayanan NP, Gailey CD, Hutson MS, Page-McCaw A. Proteolytic activation of Growth-blocking peptides triggers calcium responses through the GPCR Mthl10 during epithelial wound detection. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2160-2175.e5. [PMID: 34273275 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a wound triggers surrounding cells to initiate repair mechanisms, but it is not clear how cells initially detect wounds. In epithelial cells, the earliest known wound response, occurring within seconds, is a dramatic increase in cytosolic calcium. Here, we show that wounds in the Drosophila notum trigger cytoplasmic calcium increase by activating extracellular cytokines, Growth-blocking peptides (Gbps), which initiate signaling in surrounding epithelial cells through the G-protein-coupled receptor Methuselah-like 10 (Mthl10). Latent Gbps are present in unwounded tissue and are activated by proteolytic cleavage. Using wing discs, we show that multiple protease families can activate Gbps, suggesting that they act as a generalized protease-detector system. We present experimental and computational evidence that proteases released during wound-induced cell damage and lysis serve as the instructive signal: these proteases liberate Gbp ligands, which bind to Mthl10 receptors on surrounding epithelial cells, and activate downstream release of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T O'Connor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aaron C Stevens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erica K Shannon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fabiha Bushra Akbar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly S LaFever
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil P Narayanan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Casey D Gailey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Shane Hutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Andrea Page-McCaw
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Biodiversity-based development and evolution: the emerging research systems in model and non-model organisms. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1236-1280. [PMID: 33893979 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary developmental biology, or Evo-Devo for short, has become an established field that, broadly speaking, seeks to understand how changes in development drive major transitions and innovation in organismal evolution. It does so via integrating the principles and methods of many subdisciplines of biology. Although we have gained unprecedented knowledge from the studies on model organisms in the past decades, many fundamental and crucially essential processes remain a mystery. Considering the tremendous biodiversity of our planet, the current model organisms seem insufficient for us to understand the evolutionary and physiological processes of life and its adaptation to exterior environments. The currently increasing genomic data and the recently available gene-editing tools make it possible to extend our studies to non-model organisms. In this review, we review the recent work on the regulatory signaling of developmental and regeneration processes, environmental adaptation, and evolutionary mechanisms using both the existing model animals such as zebrafish and Drosophila, and the emerging nonstandard model organisms including amphioxus, ascidian, ciliates, single-celled phytoplankton, and marine nematode. In addition, the challenging questions and new directions in these systems are outlined as well.
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15
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Kong D, Großhans J. Planar Cell Polarity and E-Cadherin in Tissue-Scale Shape Changes in Drosophila Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:619958. [PMID: 33425927 PMCID: PMC7785826 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity and anisotropic cell behavior play critical roles in large-scale epithelial morphogenesis, homeostasis, wound repair, and regeneration. Cell-Cell communication and mechano-transduction in the second to minute scale mediated by E-cadherin complexes play a central role in the coordination and self-organization of cellular activities, such as junction dynamics, cell shape changes, and cell rearrangement. Here we review the current understanding in the interplay of cell polarity and cell dynamics during body axis elongation and dorsal closure in Drosophila embryos with a focus on E-cadherin dynamics in linking cell and tissue polarization and tissue-scale shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Kong
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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16
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Lin B, Luo J, Lehmann R. Collectively stabilizing and orienting posterior migratory forces disperses cell clusters in vivo. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4477. [PMID: 32901019 PMCID: PMC7479147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual cells detach from cohesive ensembles during development and can inappropriately separate in disease. Although much is known about how cells separate from epithelia, it remains unclear how cells disperse from clusters lacking apical-basal polarity, a hallmark of advanced epithelial cancers. Here, using live imaging of the developmental migration program of Drosophila primordial germ cells (PGCs), we show that cluster dispersal is accomplished by stabilizing and orienting migratory forces. PGCs utilize a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), Tre1, to guide front-back migratory polarity radially from the cluster toward the endoderm. Posteriorly positioned myosin-dependent contractile forces pull on cell-cell contacts until cells release. Tre1 mutant cells migrate randomly with transient enrichment of the force machinery but fail to separate, indicating a temporal contractile force threshold for detachment. E-cadherin is retained on the cell surface during cell separation and augmenting cell-cell adhesion does not impede detachment. Notably, coordinated migration improves cluster dispersal efficiency by stabilizing cell-cell interfaces and facilitating symmetric pulling. We demonstrate that guidance of inherent migratory forces is sufficient to disperse cell clusters under physiological settings and present a paradigm for how such events could occur across development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lin
- HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - J Luo
- HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Lehmann
- HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Lv Z, Rosenbaum J, Mohr S, Zhang X, Kong D, Preiß H, Kruss S, Alim K, Aspelmeier T, Großhans J. The Emergent Yo-yo Movement of Nuclei Driven by Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Pseudo-synchronous Mitotic Cycles. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2564-2573.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Kong D, Lv Z, Häring M, Lin B, Wolf F, Großhans J. In vivo optochemical control of cell contractility at single-cell resolution. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47755. [PMID: 31663248 PMCID: PMC6893293 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial and temporal dynamics of cell contractility plays a key role in tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Here, we report a simple optochemical method to induce cell contractions in vivo during Drosophila morphogenesis at single-cell resolution. We employed the photolabile Ca2+ chelator o-nitrophenyl EGTA to induce bursts of intracellular free Ca2+ by laser photolysis in the epithelial tissue. Ca2+ bursts appear within seconds and are restricted to individual target cells. Cell contraction reliably followed within a minute, causing an approximately 50% drop in the cross-sectional area. Increased Ca2+ levels are reversible, and the target cells further participated in tissue morphogenesis. Depending on Rho kinase (ROCK) activity but not RhoGEF2, cell contractions are paralleled with non-muscle myosin II accumulation in the apico-medial cortex, indicating that Ca2+ bursts trigger non-muscle myosin II activation. Our approach can be, in principle, adapted to many experimental systems and species, as no specific genetic elements are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Kong
- Institute for Developmental Biochemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Lv
- Institute for Developmental Biochemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Häring
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fred Wolf
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Institute for Developmental Biochemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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