1
|
Shan H, Tian G, Zhang Y, Qiu Z. Exploring the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of SMAD4 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2392341. [PMID: 39164192 PMCID: PMC11340766 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2392341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the occurrence and development of CRC are influenced by the molecular biology characteristics of CRC, especially alterations in key signaling pathways. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a crucial role in cellular growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, with SMAD4 protein serving as a key transcription factor in the TGF-β signaling pathway, thus playing a significant role in the onset and progression of CRC. CRC is one of the malignancies with a high mortality rate worldwide. Despite significant research progress in recent years, especially regarding the role of SMAD4, its dual role in the early and late stages of tumor progression has promoted further discussion on its complexity as a therapeutic target, highlighting the urgent need for a deeper analysis of its role in CRC. This review aims to explore the function of SMAD4 protein in CRC and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangyu Tian
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yeqing Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wood KA, Tong RS, Motta M, Cordeddu V, Scimone ER, Bush SJ, Maxwell DW, Giannoulatou E, Caputo V, Traversa A, Mancini C, Ferrero GB, Benedicenti F, Grammatico P, Melis D, Steindl K, Brunetti-Pierri N, Trevisson E, Wilkie AO, Lin AE, Cormier-Daire V, Twigg SR, Tartaglia M, Goriely A. SMAD4 mutations causing Myhre syndrome are under positive selection in the male germline. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1953-1969. [PMID: 39116879 PMCID: PMC11444041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
While it is widely thought that de novo mutations (DNMs) occur randomly, we previously showed that some DNMs are enriched because they are positively selected in the testes of aging men. These "selfish" mutations cause disorders with a shared presentation of features, including exclusive paternal origin, significant increase of the father's age, and high apparent germline mutation rate. To date, all known selfish mutations cluster within the components of the RTK-RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, a critical modulator of testicular homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate the selfish nature of the SMAD4 DNMs causing Myhre syndrome (MYHRS). By analyzing 16 informative trios, we show that MYHRS-causing DNMs originated on the paternally derived allele in all cases. We document a statistically significant epidemiological paternal age effect of 6.3 years excess for fathers of MYHRS probands. We developed an ultra-sensitive assay to quantify spontaneous MYHRS-causing SMAD4 variants in sperm and show that pathogenic variants at codon 500 are found at elevated level in sperm of most men and exhibit a strong positive correlation with donor's age, indicative of a high apparent germline mutation rate. Finally, we performed in vitro assays to validate the peculiar functional behavior of the clonally selected DNMs and explored the basis of the pathophysiology of the different SMAD4 sperm-enriched variants. Taken together, these data provide compelling evidence that SMAD4, a gene operating outside the canonical RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, is associated with selfish spermatogonial selection and raises the possibility that other genes/pathways are under positive selection in the aging human testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Wood
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - R Spencer Tong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Marialetizia Motta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleanor R Scimone
- Medical Genetics, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephen J Bush
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Dale W Maxwell
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Traversa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Grammatico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Sapienza University, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrew Om Wilkie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Université Paris Cité, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephen Rf Twigg
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anne Goriely
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX39DS, UK; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX39DU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu F, Yao Y, Guo C, Dai P, Huang J, Peng P, Wang M, Dawa Z, Zhu C, Lin C. Trichodelphinine A alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting collagen synthesis via NOX4-ARG1/TGF-β signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155755. [PMID: 38870750 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive and fatal lung disease with no effective treatment medication, is characterized by lung remodeling and fibroblastic foci caused by an oxidative imbalance with an overloading deposition of collagen. Trichodelphinine A, a hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloid, was found anti-fibrotic activity in vitro, but its effect and mechanism on pulmonary fibrosis still unknown. PURPOSE Our study aimed to investigate and validate the anti-fibrotic properties of trichodelphinine A in pulmonary fibrosis animals induced by bleomycin (BLM), and its mechanism whether via NOX4-ARG1/TGF-β signaling pathway. METHODS The anti-fibrotic effects of trichodelphinine A were evaluated using BLM-induced rats through indicators of lung histopathology and collagen synthesis. Dynamic metabolomics evaluated the metabolic disorder and therapeutic effect of trichodelphinine A. The interaction between trichodelphinine A and NOX4 receptor was confirmed using CETSA and molecular dynamics experiments. Molecular biology experiments were conducted in NOX4 gene knockout mice to investigate the intervention effect of trichodelphinine A. RESULTS Trichodelphinine A could suppress histopathologic changes, collagen deposition and proinflammatory cytokine release pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin induced rats. Dynamic metabolomics studies revealed that trichodelphinine A could correct endogenous metabolic disorders of arachidonic acid, arginine and proline during fibrosis development, which revealed that the regulation of oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism targeting NOX4 and ARG1 may be the main pharmacological mechanisms of trichodelphinine A on pulmonary fibrosis. We further determined that trichodelphinine A inhibited over oxidative stress and collagen deposition by suppressing Nrf2-keap1 and ARG1-OAT signaling pathways, respectively. Molecular dynamics studies showed that trichodelphinine A was directly binds with NOX4, in which PHE354 and THR355 residues of NOX4 are critical binding sites for trichodelphinine A. Mechanistic validation in cells or mice with NOX4 knockout or silencing suggested that the anti-fibrotic effects of trichodelphinine A depended on inhibition of NOX4 to suppress ARG1/OAT activation and TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings indicate a powerful anti-fibrotic function of trichodelphinine A in pulmonary fibrosis via targeting NOX4. NOX4 mediates the activation of ARG1/OAT to regulate arginase-proline metabolism, and promotes TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, thereby affecting the collagen synthesis in pulmonary fibrosis, which is a novel finding and indicates that inhibition of NOX4 is a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangle Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The First Affiliated hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chengxi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Pengyu Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Peng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zeren Dawa
- University of Tibetan Medicine, Lasa 850000, PR China.
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zelisko N, Lesyk R, Stoika R. Structure, unique biological properties, and mechanisms of action of transforming growth factor β. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107611. [PMID: 38964148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous molecule that is extremely conserved structurally and plays a systemic role in human organism. TGF-β is a homodimeric molecule consisting of two subunits joined through a disulphide bond. In mammals, three genes code for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 isoforms of this cytokine with a dominating expression of TGF-β1. Virtually, all normal cells contain TGF-β and its specific receptors. Considering the exceptional role of fine balance played by the TGF-β in anumber of physiological and pathological processes in human body, this cytokine may be proposed for use in medicine as an immunosuppressant in transplantology, wound healing and bone repair. TGFb itself is an important target in oncology. Strategies for blocking members of TGF-β signaling pathway as therapeutic targets have been considered. In this review, signalling mechanisms of TGF-β1 action are addressed, and their role in physiology and pathology with main focus on carcinogenesis are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Zelisko
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akilesh S. WIP1 inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy for collapsing glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 2024; 105:923-924. [PMID: 38642989 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is an aggressive variant of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Understanding the diverse mechanisms that can drive CG promises to uncover new therapeutic strategies. In this issue, Duret et al. identify WIP1 phosphatase as a therapeutic target for CG. Using genetic ablation and pharmacologic inhibition, they show that blockade of WIP1 activity is protective in 2 different mouse models of CG. This study highlights the complex interplay of glomerular signaling pathways in CG and offers hope for targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duret LC, Hamidouche T, Steers NJ, Pons C, Soubeiran N, Buret D, Gilson E, Gharavi AG, D'Agati VD, Shkreli M. Targeting WIP1 phosphatase promotes partial remission in experimental collapsing glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 2024; 105:980-996. [PMID: 38423182 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), also known as collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), is the most aggressive variant of FSGS and is characterized by a rapid progression to kidney failure. Understanding CG pathogenesis represents a key step for the development of targeted therapies. Previous work implicated the telomerase protein component TERT in CG pathogenesis, as transgenic TERT expression in adult mice resulted in a CG resembling that seen in human primary CG and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Here, we used the telomerase-induced mouse model of CG (i-TERTci mice) to identify mechanisms to inhibit CG pathogenesis. Inactivation of WIP1 phosphatase, a p53 target acting in a negative feedback loop, blocked disease initiation in i-TERTci mice. Repression of disease initiation upon WIP1 deficiency was associated with senescence enhancement and required transforming growth factor-β functions. The efficacy of a pharmacologic treatment to reduce disease severity in both i-TERTci mice and in a mouse model of HIVAN (Tg26 mice) was then assessed. Pharmacologic inhibition of WIP1 enzymatic activity in either the telomerase mice with CG or in the Tg26 mice promoted partial remission of proteinuria and ameliorated kidney histopathologic features. Histological as well as high-throughput sequencing methods further showed that selective inhibition of WIP1 does not promote kidney fibrosis or inflammation. Thus, our findings suggest that targeting WIP1 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with CG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lou C Duret
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Tynhinane Hamidouche
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Nicholas J Steers
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Pons
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Soubeiran
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Delphine Buret
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France; International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Huangpu, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Genetics, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina Shkreli
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu N, Li T, Qiu Z, Xu J, Li Y, Huang J, Yang Y, Li Z, Long X, Zhang H. Wip1 regulates wound healing by affecting activities of keratinocytes and endothelial cells through ATM-p53 and mTOR signaling. Burns 2023; 49:1969-1982. [PMID: 37357059 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a p53-regulated gene, Wip1 regulates proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and senescence of several type cells, but its biological functions in keratinocytes and endothelial cells which are involved wound healing are not fully understood. This study aims to reveal the function and underlying mechanism of Wip1 in wound healing using models of transgenic animal, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. METHODS Using Wip1 knockout C57 BL/6 mice, we investigated effect of Wip1 deficiency on wound healing and angiogenesis; And using HaCaT and HUVEC as keratinocytes and endothelial cells, combined using primary keratinocytes from Wip1 knockout mice, we studied the effects of Wip1 knockdown/knockout or overexpression on proliferation, migration, and protein expressions of signaling components in ATM-p53 and mTOR pathway. RESULTS Wip1 deficiency in mice impaired the wound repair and endothelial angiogenesis, reduced the thickness of granulation tissue, and decreased the number of Ki67-positive cells and CD31 positive vessels in granulation tissue. Knockdown of Wip1 by shRNAs suppressed the proliferation and migration of HaCaT and HUVEC cells and induced notably apoptosis in the two cells. In western blot, Wip1 knockdown enriched p53 and ATM proteins, while decreased activated AKT, mTOR and activated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6) levels in HaCaT and HUVEC cells. Ectopic expression of Wip1 decreased the p53 and ATM proteins, while increased activated AKT, mTOR and pS6 levels in HaCaT and HUVEC cells. And in primary keratinocytes from mice tail skin, Wip1 knockout increased p53 and ATM, while decreased activated AKT, mTOR and pS6 protein levels. CONCLUSION Our study directly supports that Wip1 regulated skin wound healing possibly by affecting bioactivities including proliferation, migration and apoptosis of keratinocytes and endothelial cells at least through by modulating ATM-p53 and mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zikai Qiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Zhao C, Guo H, Zou W, Zhang Z, Wei D, Lu H, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Wip1 inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps to promote abscess formation in mice by directly dephosphorylating Coronin-1a. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:941-954. [PMID: 37386173 PMCID: PMC10387484 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) participate in the rapid inhibition and clearance of pathogens during infection; however, the molecular regulation of NET formation remains poorly understood. In the current study, we found that inhibition of the wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) significantly suppressed the activity of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and accelerated abscess healing in S. aureus-induced abscess model mice by enhancing NET formation. A Wip1 inhibitor significantly enhanced NET formation in mouse and human neutrophils in vitro. High-resolution mass spectrometry and biochemical assays demonstrated that Coro1a is a substrate of Wip1. Further experiments also revealed that Wip1 preferentially and directly interacts with phosphorylated Coro1a than compared to unphosphorylated inactivated Coro1a. The phosphorylated Ser426 site of Coro1a and the 28-90 aa domain of Wip1 are essential for the direct interaction of Coro1a and Wip1 and for Wip1 dephosphorylation of p-Coro1a Ser426. Wip1 deletion or inhibition in neutrophils significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of Coro1a-Ser426, which activated phospholipase C and subsequently the calcium pathway, the latter of which promoted NET formation after infection or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. This study revealed Coro1a to be a novel substrate of Wip1 and showed that Wip1 is a negative regulator of NET formation during infection. These results support the potential application of Wip1 inhibitors to treat bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weilong Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hezhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China.
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu H, Huo R, Li H, Jiao Y, Weng J, Wang J, Yan Z, Zhang J, Zhao S, He Q, Sun Y, Wang S, Cao Y. KRAS mutation-induced EndMT of brain arteriovenous malformation is mediated through the TGF-β/BMP-SMAD4 pathway. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:197-206. [PMID: 36418055 PMCID: PMC10359780 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Somatic KRAS mutations have been identified in the majority of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), and subsequent in vivo experiments have confirmed that KRAS mutation in endothelial cells (ECs) causes AVMs in mouse and zebrafish models. Our previous study demonstrated that the KRASG12D mutant independently induced the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which was reversed by treatment with the lipid-lowering drug lovastatin. However, the underlying mechanisms of action were unclear. METHODS We used human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) overexpressing the KRASG12D mutant for Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence and wound healing assays to evaluate the EndMT and determine the activation of downstream pathways. Knockdown of SMAD4 by RNA interference was performed to explore the role of SMAD4 in regulating the EndMT. BAVM ECs expressing the KRASG12D mutant were obtained to verify the SMAD4 function. Finally, we performed a coimmunoprecipitation assay to probe the mechanism by which lovastatin affects SMAD4. RESULTS HUVECs infected with KRASG12D adenovirus underwent the EndMT. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathways were activated in the KRASG12D-mutant HUVECs and ECs in bAVM tissue. Knocking down SMAD4 expression in both KRASG12D-mutant HUVECs and ECs in bAVM tissues inhibited the EndMT. Lovastatin attenuated the EndMT by downregulating p-SMAD2/3, p-SMAD1/5 and acetylated SMAD4 expression in KRASG12D-mutant HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the KRASG12D mutant induces the EndMT by activating the ERK-TGF-β/BMP-SMAD4 signalling pathway and that lovastatin inhibits the EndMT by suppressing TGF-β/BMP pathway activation and SMAD4 acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancong Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital medical university, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ali S, Rehman MU, Yatoo AM, Arafah A, Khan A, Rashid S, Majid S, Ali A, Ali MN. TGF-β signaling pathway: Therapeutic targeting and potential for anti-cancer immunity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175678. [PMID: 36990262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic secretory cytokine exhibiting both cancer-inhibitory and promoting properties. It transmits its signals via Suppressor of Mother against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) and non-SMAD pathways and regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. In non-cancer and early-stage cancer cells, TGFβ signaling suppresses cancer progression via inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or anti-proliferation, and promoting cell differentiation. On the other hand, TGFβ may also act as an oncogene in advanced stages of tumors, wherein it develops immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments and induces the proliferation of cancer cells, invasion, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Higher TGFβ expression leads to the instigation and development of cancer. Therefore, suppressing TGFβ signals may present a potential treatment option for inhibiting tumorigenesis and metastasis. Different inhibitory molecules, including ligand traps, anti-sense oligo-nucleotides, small molecule receptor-kinase inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors, and vaccines, have been developed and clinically trialed for blocking the TGFβ signaling pathway. These molecules are not pro-oncogenic response-specific but block all signaling effects induced by TGFβ. Nonetheless, targeting the activation of TGFβ signaling with maximized specificity and minimized toxicity can enhance the efficacy of therapeutic approaches against this signaling pathway. The molecules that are used to target TGFβ are non-cytotoxic to cancer cells but designed to curtail the over-activation of invasion and metastasis driving TGFβ signaling in stromal and cancer cells. Here, we discussed the critical role of TGFβ in tumorigenesis, and metastasis, as well as the outcome and the promising achievement of TGFβ inhibitory molecules in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Manikandan P, Sarmah S, Marrs JA. Ethanol Effects on Early Developmental Stages Studied Using the Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2555. [PMID: 36289818 PMCID: PMC9599251 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) results from prenatal ethanol exposure. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an outstanding in vivo FASD model. Early development produced the three germ layers and embryonic axes patterning. A critical pluripotency transcriptional gene circuit of sox2, pou5f1 (oct4; recently renamed pou5f3), and nanog maintain potency and self-renewal. Ethanol affects sox2 expression, which functions with pou5f1 to control target gene transcription. Various genes, like elf3, may interact and regulate sox2, and elf3 knockdown affects early development. Downstream of the pluripotency transcriptional circuit, developmental signaling activities regulate morphogenetic cell movements and lineage specification. These activities are also affected by ethanol exposure. Hedgehog signaling is a critical developmental signaling pathway that controls numerous developmental events, including neural axis specification. Sonic hedgehog activities are affected by embryonic ethanol exposure. Activation of sonic hedgehog expression is controlled by TGF-ß family members, Nodal and Bmp, during dorsoventral (DV) embryonic axis establishment. Ethanol may perturb TGF-ß family receptors and signaling activities, including the sonic hedgehog pathway. Significantly, experiments show that activation of sonic hedgehog signaling rescues some embryonic ethanol exposure effects. More research is needed to understand how ethanol affects early developmental signaling and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James A. Marrs
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Hsu JI, Goodell MA. PPM1D in Solid and Hematologic Malignancies: Friend and Foe? Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1365-1378. [PMID: 35657598 PMCID: PMC9437564 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the face of constant genomic insults, the DNA damage response (DDR) is initiated to preserve genome integrity; its disruption is a classic hallmark of cancer. Protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1D (PPM1D) is a central negative regulator of the DDR that is mutated or amplified in many solid cancers. PPM1D overexpression is associated with increased proliferative and metastatic behavior in multiple solid tumor types and patients with PPM1D-mutated malignancies have poorer prognoses. Recent findings have sparked an interest in the role of PPM1D in hematologic malignancies. Acquired somatic mutations may provide hematopoietic stem cells with a competitive advantage, leading to a substantial proportion of mutant progeny in the peripheral blood, an age-associated phenomenon termed "clonal hematopoiesis" (CH). Recent large-scale genomic studies have identified PPM1D to be among the most frequently mutated genes found in individuals with CH. While PPM1D mutations are particularly enriched in patients with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms, their role in driving leukemic transformation remains uncertain. Here, we examine the mechanisms through which PPM1D overexpression or mutation may drive malignancy by suppression of DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. We also discuss the divergent roles of PPM1D in the oncogenesis of solid versus hematologic cancers with a view to clinical implications and new therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhang
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joanne I. Hsu
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Margaret A. Goodell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Corresponding Author: Margaret A. Goodell, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chan MKK, Chung JYF, Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Ho JYY, Lin TPT, Chen J, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
14
|
Yao Y, Chen Y, Zeren D, Ma Y, Xie Y, Wang Q, Ma H, Wang M, Liu F, Zhu C, Lin C. Diterpenoid alkaloids isolated from Delphinium trichophorum alleviate pulmonary fibrosis via the TGF-β/Smad pathway in 3T6 and HFL-1 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
15
|
Ahmed F, Adnan M, Malik A, Tariq S, Kamal F, Ijaz B. Perception of breast cancer risk factors: Dysregulation of TGF-β/miRNA axis in Pakistani females. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255243. [PMID: 34297787 PMCID: PMC8301651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer poses a serious health risk for women throughout the world. Among the Asian population, Pakistani women have the highest risk of developing breast cancer. One out of nine women is diagnosed with breast cancer in Pakistan. The etiology and the risk factor leading to breast cancer are largely unknown. In the current study the risk factors that are most pertinent to the Pakistani population, the etiology, molecular mechanisms of tumor progression, and therapeutic targets of breast cancer are studied. A correlative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and questionnaire-based study was designed to predict the risk factors in breast cancer patients. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (90%) and grade-II tumor (73.2%) formation are more common in our patient’s data set. Clinical parameters such as mean age of 47.5 years (SD ± 11.17), disturbed menstrual cycle (> 2), cousin marriages (repeated), and lactation period (< 0.5 Y) along with stress, dietary and environmental factors have an essential role in the development of breast cancer. In addition to this in silico analysis was performed to screen the miRNA regulating the TGF-beta pathway using TargetScanHuman, and correlation was depicted through Mindjet Manager. The information thus obtained was observed in breast cancer clinical samples both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and biopsy through quantitative real-time PCR. There was a significant dysregulation (**P>0.001) of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and the miRNAs (miR-29a, miR-140, and miR-148a) in patients’ biopsy in grade and stage specifically, correlated with expression in blood samples. miRNAs (miR-29a and miR-140, miR-148a) can be an effective diagnostic and prognostic marker as they regulate SMAD4 and SMAD2 expression respectively in breast cancer blood and biopsy samples. Therefore, proactive therapeutic strategies can be devised considering negatively regulated cascade genes and amalgamated miRNAs to control breast cancer better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayyaz Ahmed
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Malik
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Somayya Tariq
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farukh Kamal
- Department of Pathology, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang Y, Ye WL, Zhang RN, He XS, Wang JR, Liu YX, Wang Y, Yang XM, Zhang YJ, Gan WJ. The Role of TGF- β Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6675208. [PMID: 34335834 PMCID: PMC8321733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6675208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway mediates various biological functions, and its dysregulation is closely related to the occurrence of malignant tumors. However, the role of TGF-β signaling in tumorigenesis and development is complex and contradictory. On the one hand, TGF-β signaling can exert antitumor effects by inhibiting proliferation or inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. On the other hand, TGF-β signaling may mediate oncogene effects by promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune escape. This review summarizes the recent findings on molecular mechanisms of TGF-β signaling. Specifically, this review evaluates TGF-β's therapeutic potential as a target by the following perspectives: ligands, receptors, and downstream signaling. We hope this review can trigger new ideas to improve the current clinical strategies to treat tumors related to the TGF-β signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Long Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Friedel L, Loewer A. The guardian's choice: how p53 enables context-specific decision-making in individual cells. FEBS J 2021; 289:40-52. [PMID: 33590949 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
p53 plays a central role in defending the genomic integrity of our cells. In response to genotoxic stress, this tumour suppressor orchestrates the expression of hundreds of target genes, which induce a variety of cellular outcomes ranging from damage repair to induction of apoptosis. In this review, we examine how the p53 response is regulated on several levels in individual cells to allow precise and context-specific fate decisions. We discuss that the p53 response is not only controlled by its canonical regulators but also controlled by interconnected signalling pathways that influence the dynamics of p53 accumulation upon damage and modulate its transcriptional activity at target gene promoters. Additionally, we consider how the p53 response is diversified through a variety of mechanisms at the promoter level and beyond to induce context-specific outcomes in individual cells. These layers of regulation allow p53 to react in a stimulus-specific manner and fine-tune its signalling according to the individual needs of a given cell, enabling it to take the right decision on survival or death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Friedel
- Systems Biology of the Stress Response, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Loewer
- Systems Biology of the Stress Response, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan F, Cheng X, Zhao M, Gong S, Han Y, Ding L, Wu D, Luo Y, Zuo W, Zhu L, Fan M, Ji X. Loss of Wip1 aggravates brain injury after ischaemia/reperfusion by overactivating microglia. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 6:344-351. [PMID: 33452162 PMCID: PMC8485234 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The inflammatory response mediated by microglia/macrophages is closely related to cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Wild-type p53-induced protein phosphatase 1 (Wip1), a serine/threonine phosphatase, is expressed in various tissues. A growing number of reports have suggested that Wip1 is a negative regulator of inflammation in peripheral tissue; however, its role in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether Wip1 can inhibit CNS inflammation by regulating microglia/macrophage functions after ischaemic injury. Methods A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion was established in mice. CNS inflammation was simulated by lipopolysaccharide treatment of primary microglia. Laser speckle imaging was used to monitor regional cerebral blood flow. Behavioural outcomes were assessed with a TreadScan gait analysis system. TTC staining was used to evaluate the infarct volume, and western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were applied to detect the phenotypical transformation of microglia. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of inflammatory factors. Results Wip1 expression was increased after ischaemia/reperfusion. Wip1-knockout (KO) mice displayed more severe brain injury than wild-type mice, as indicated by aggravated motor dysfunction, greater brain infarct volumes and higher expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha) in the brain. We also found that Wip1 depletion increased microglial/macrophage activation in both in vitro and in vivo models, which all showed activation of microglia/macrophages. Lentivirus-Ppm1d reversed the injury induced by Wip1-KO. Conclusions Our results suggest that Wip1 may inhibit neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial/macrophage activation after brain ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Cerebrovascular Disease Research Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Gong
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Cerebrovascular Disease Research Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Cerebrovascular Disease Research Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xue VW, Chung JYF, Córdoba CAG, Cheung AHK, Kang W, Lam EWF, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 33114183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113099.pmid:33114183;pmcid:pmc7690808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cristina Alexandra García Córdoba
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113099. [PMID: 33114183 PMCID: PMC7690808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that can restrict cancer onset but also promote cancer progression at late stages of cancer. The ability of TGF-β in producing diverse and sometimes opposing effects relies on its potential to control different cellular signalling and gene expression in distinct cell types, and environmental settings. The tumour promoting role of TGF-β is primarily mediated through its effects on the local tumour microenvironment (TME) of the cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the most recent research on the role and regulation of TGF-β, with a specific focus on its functions on promoting cancer progression through targeting different immune cells in the TME as well as its therapeutic perspectives. Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li L, Bai Y, Du R, Tang L, Li L. The role of Smad4 in the regulation of insulin resistance, inflammation and cell proliferation in HTR8-Svneo cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:126-138. [PMID: 33079408 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder whose major pathophysiological basis is demonstrated as placental insulin resistance (IR), while Smad4 always functions in the signal transduction of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway. Our study aims to figure out the role of Smad4 in an insulin resistance (IR) cellular model using placental trophoblast cell line. Importantly, HTR8-Svneo cells, in the status of IR, indicated a significant increase in the expression of Smad4. Subsequently, the HTR8-Svneo cell line with up-regulated or depleted Smad4 was respectively achieved by the effective over-expressed plasmid or siRNA of Smad4. We found out that the deficiency of Smad4 could promote the insulin sensitivity and restrict the inflammatory response in IR group of cells with significant augment in glucose uptake, up-regulation of insulin signalling-related molecules and attenuation in inflammatory biomarker expressions. On the contrary, the over-expression of Smad4 showed a reversal effect on these alterations in IR group of cells. Besides, the positive effect of Smad4 on cell viability was also observed in our study. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder whose major pathophysiological basis is demonstrated as insulin resistance (IR). Importantly, our findings indicate that the deficiency of Smad4 significantly improves the insulin sensitivity and relieves the inflammation in the cellular model of IR. Besides, the positive effect of Smad4 on cell viability was also observed in our study. Our present findings provide novel insights for the investigation on molecular details about the GDM pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Runyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park D, Yoon G, Kim E, Lee T, Kim K, Lee PCW, Chang E, Choi S. Wip1 regulates Smad4 phosphorylation and inhibits TGF-β signaling. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48693. [PMID: 32103600 PMCID: PMC7202204 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor Smad4, a key mediator of the TGF-β/BMP pathways, is essential for development and tissue homeostasis. Phosphorylation of Smad4 in its linker region catalyzed by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a pivotal role in regulating its transcriptional activity and stability. In contrast, roles of Smad4 dephosphorylation as a control mechanism of TGF-β/BMP signaling and the phosphatases responsible for its dephosphorylation remain so far elusive. Here, we identify Wip1 as a Smad4 phosphatase. Wip1 selectively binds and dephosphorylates Smad4 at Thr277, a key MAPK phosphorylation site, thereby regulating its nuclear accumulation and half-life. In Xenopus embryos, Wip1 limits mesoderm formation and favors neural induction by inhibiting TGF-β/BMP signals. Wip1 restrains TGF-β-induced growth arrest, migration, and invasion in human cells and enhances the tumorigenicity of cancer cells by repressing the antimitogenic activity of Smad4. We propose that Wip1-dependent dephosphorylation of Smad4 is critical for the regulation of TGF-β signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Gang‐Ho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Taehyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Kyuhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Peter CW Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sun‐Cheol Choi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family play key roles in embryogenesis and in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and their perturbation can result in a broad range of diseases. One way TGF-β family signaling pathways are kept in check is by reversible (de)phosphorylation of intracellular Smad effectors. In this issue of EMBO Reports, Park et al [1] identify the phosphatase wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) as a negative regulator of TGF-β family signaling. Mechanistically, Wip1 constrains TGF-β family signaling through direct dephosphorylation of Thr277, an activating MAP kinase phosphorylation site located in the linker region of the common mediator Smad4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ten Dijke
- Department Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Baker
- Department Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|