1
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Viragova S, Li D, Klein OD. Activation of fetal-like molecular programs during regeneration in the intestine and beyond. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:949-960. [PMID: 38971147 PMCID: PMC11235077 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration after damage is generally thought to involve the mobilization of adult stem cells that divide and differentiate into progressively specialized progeny. However, recent studies indicate that tissue regeneration can be accompanied by reversion to a fetal-like state. During this process, cells at the injury site reactivate programs that operate during fetal development but are typically absent in adult homeostasis. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the molecular signals and epigenetic mediators that orchestrate "fetal-like reversion" during intestinal regeneration. We also explore evidence for this phenomenon in other organs and species and highlight open questions that merit future examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Viragova
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Thambyrajah R, Maqueda M, Fadlullah MZ, Proffitt M, Neo WH, Guillén Y, Casado-Pelaez M, Herrero-Molinero P, Brujas C, Castelluccio N, González J, Iglesias A, Marruecos L, Ruiz-Herguido C, Esteller M, Mereu E, Lacaud G, Espinosa L, Bigas A. IκBα controls dormancy in hematopoietic stem cells via retinoic acid during embryonic development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4673. [PMID: 38824124 PMCID: PMC11144194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) and progenitors arise simultaneously and independently of each other already in the embryonic aorta-gonad mesonephros region, but it is still unknown how their different features are established. Here, we uncover IκBα (Nfkbia, the inhibitor of NF-κB) as a critical regulator of HSC proliferation throughout development. IκBα balances retinoic acid signaling levels together with the epigenetic silencer, PRC2, specifically in HSCs. Loss of IκBα decreases proliferation of HSC and induces a dormancy related gene expression signature instead. Also, IκBα deficient HSCs respond with superior activation to in vitro culture and in serial transplantation. At the molecular level, chromatin regions harboring binding motifs for retinoic acid signaling are hypo-methylated for the PRC2 dependent H3K27me3 mark in IκBα deficient HSCs. Overall, we show that the proliferation index in the developing HSCs is regulated by a IκBα-PRC2 axis, which controls retinoic acid signaling.
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Grants
- PID2022-137945OB-I00 Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación)
- PID2019-104695RB-I00 Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación)
- 2021SGR00039 Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya (Department of Innovation, Education and Enterprise, Government of Catalonia)
- BP2016(00021) Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya (Department of Innovation, Education and Enterprise, Government of Catalonia)
- BP2018(00034) Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya (Department of Innovation, Education and Enterprise, Government of Catalonia)
- CA22/00011 Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Institute of Health Carlos III)
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Maqueda
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Muhammad Zaki Fadlullah
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Proffitt
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wen Hao Neo
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carla Brujas
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi Castelluccio
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessica González
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Iglesias
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marruecos
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yu S, Liu H, Li Y, Hua S, Chen Y. Transforming Growth Factor Beta Promotes Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Smad4-Deficient Intestinal Epithelium in a YAP-Dependent Manner. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300708. [PMID: 37261975 PMCID: PMC10427365 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine, plays critical roles in immune responses. However, the precise role of TGF-β in colitis and colitis-associated cancer remains poorly defined. Here, it is demonstrated that TGF-β promotes the colonic inflammation and related tumorigenesis in the absence of Smad family member 4 (Smad4). Smad4 loss in intestinal epithelium aggravates colitis and colitis-associated neoplasia induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS), leading to over-activated immune responses and increased TGF-β1 levels. In Smad4-deficient organoids, TGF-β1 stimulates spheroid formation and impairs intestinal stem cell proliferation and lineage specification. YAP, whose expression is directly upregulated by TGF-β1 after Smad4 deletion, mediates the effect of TGF-β1 by interacting with Smad2/3. Attenuation of YAP/TAZ prevents TGF-β1-induced spheroid formation in Smad4-/- organoids and alleviates colitis and colitis-associated cancer in Smad4-deficient mice. Collectively, these results highlight an integral role of the TGF-β/Smad4 axis in restraining intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis and suggest TGF-β or YAP signaling as therapeutic targets for these gastrointestinal diseases intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
| | - Huidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yehua Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Shan Hua
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
- Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650500China
| | - Ye‐Guang Chen
- Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510700China
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang330031China
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4
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Downton P, Bagnall JS, England H, Spiller DG, Humphreys NE, Jackson DA, Paszek P, White MRH, Adamson AD. Overexpression of IκB⍺ modulates NF-κB activation of inflammatory target gene expression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1187187. [PMID: 37228587 PMCID: PMC10203502 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1187187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to inflammatory stimuli such as cytokines by activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, resulting in oscillatory translocation of the transcription factor p65 between nucleus and cytoplasm in some cell types. We investigate the relationship between p65 and inhibitor-κB⍺ (IκBα) protein levels and dynamic properties of the system, and how this interaction impacts on the expression of key inflammatory genes. Using bacterial artificial chromosomes, we developed new cell models of IκB⍺-eGFP protein overexpression in a pseudo-native genomic context. We find that cells with high levels of the negative regulator IκBα remain responsive to inflammatory stimuli and maintain dynamics for both p65 and IκBα. In contrast, canonical target gene expression is dramatically reduced by overexpression of IκBα, but can be partially rescued by overexpression of p65. Treatment with leptomycin B to promote nuclear accumulation of IκB⍺ also suppresses canonical target gene expression, suggesting a mechanism in which nuclear IκB⍺ accumulation prevents productive p65 interaction with promoter binding sites. This causes reduced target promoter binding and gene transcription, which we validate by chromatin immunoprecipitation and in primary cells. Overall, we show how inflammatory gene transcription is modulated by the expression levels of both IκB⍺ and p65. This results in an anti-inflammatory effect on transcription, demonstrating a broad mechanism to modulate the strength of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Downton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Bagnall
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel England
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Spiller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil E. Humphreys
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dean A. Jackson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Paszek
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. H. White
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D. Adamson
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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5
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Wang J, Liu X, Li P, Wang J, Shu Y, Zhong X, Gao Z, Yang J, Jiang Y, Zhou X, Yang G. Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR regulates the stemness of breast cancer cells via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102630. [PMID: 36273585 PMCID: PMC9691943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and it is characterized by a high rate of tumor development and heterogeneity. Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) may well contribute to these pathological properties, but the mechanisms underlying their self-renewal and maintenance are still elusive. Here, we found that the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR is highly expressed in breast CSCs. HOTAIR is required for breast CSC self-renewal and tumor propagation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that HOTAIR recruits the PRC2 protein complex to the promoter of IκBα to inhibit its expression, leading to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The activated NF-κB signaling promotes downstream c-Myc and Cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, our analysis of clinical samples from the GEPIA database indicated that the IκBα level, as well as the survival rate of patients, with high HOTAIR expression was significantly lower than that of patients with relatively low HOTAIR expression. Our data suggest that HOTAIR-mediated NF-κB signaling primes breast CSC self-renewal and tumor propagation. In sum, we have identified HOTAIR-based NF-κB signaling regulatory circuit that promotes tumorigenic activity in breast CSCs, further indicating that HOTAIR could be a promising target for clinical treatment of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China,Core Facilities, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China,School of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shu
- School of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yashuang Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xile Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Geng Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China,For correspondence: Geng Yang
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6
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Espinosa L, Marruecos L. NF-κB-Dependent and -Independent (Moonlighting) IκBα Functions in Differentiation and Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1278. [PMID: 34572464 PMCID: PMC8468488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IκBα is considered to play an almost exclusive role as inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, previous results have demonstrated that SUMOylation imposes a distinct subcellular distribution, regulation, NF-κB-binding affinity and function to the IκBα protein. In this review we discuss the main alterations of IκBα found in cancer and whether they are (most likely) associated with NF-κB-dependent or NF-κB-independent (moonlighting) activities of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Espinosa
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
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7
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Marruecos L, Bertran J, Álvarez-Villanueva D, Mulero MC, Guillén Y, Palma LG, Floor M, Vert A, Arce-Gallego S, Pecharroman I, Batlle L, Villà-Freixa J, Ghosh G, Bigas A, Espinosa L. Dynamic chromatin association of IκBα is regulated by acetylation and cleavage of histone H4. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52649. [PMID: 34224210 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IκBs exert principal functions as cytoplasmic inhibitors of NF-kB transcription factors. Additional roles for IκB homologues have been described, including chromatin association and transcriptional regulation. Phosphorylated and SUMOylated IκBα (pS-IκBα) binds to histones H2A and H4 in the stem cell and progenitor cell compartment of skin and intestine, but the mechanisms controlling its recruitment to chromatin are largely unknown. Here, we show that serine 32-36 phosphorylation of IκBα favors its binding to nucleosomes and demonstrate that p-IκBα association with H4 depends on the acetylation of specific H4 lysine residues. The N-terminal tail of H4 is removed during intestinal cell differentiation by proteolytic cleavage by trypsin or chymotrypsin at residues 17-19, which reduces p-IκBα binding. Inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in HT29 cells increases p-IκBα chromatin binding but, paradoxically, impaired goblet cell differentiation, comparable to IκBα deletion. Taken together, our results indicate that dynamic binding of IκBα to chromatin is a requirement for intestinal cell differentiation and provide a molecular basis for the understanding of the restricted nuclear distribution of p-IκBα in specific stem cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marruecos
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Bertran
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bioinformatics and Medical Statistics Group, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Álvarez-Villanueva
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carmen Mulero
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis G Palma
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Floor
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bioinformatics and Medical Statistics Group, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Vert
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Arce-Gallego
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pecharroman
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Batlle
- Tissue Engineering Unit. Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Villà-Freixa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bioinformatics and Medical Statistics Group, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna Bigas
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Espinosa
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Organoids and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112657. [PMID: 34071313 PMCID: PMC8197877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids were first established as a three-dimensional cell culture system from mouse small intestine. Subsequent development has made organoids a key system to study many human physiological and pathological processes that affect a variety of tissues and organs. In particular, organoids are becoming very useful tools to dissect colorectal cancer (CRC) by allowing the circumvention of classical problems and limitations, such as the impossibility of long-term culture of normal intestinal epithelial cells and the lack of good animal models for CRC. In this review, we describe the features and current knowledge of intestinal organoids and how they are largely contributing to our better understanding of intestinal cell biology and CRC genetics. Moreover, recent data show that organoids are appropriate systems for antitumoral drug testing and for the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
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9
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Wang X, Peng H, Huang Y, Kong W, Cui Q, Du J, Jin H. Post-translational Modifications of IκBα: The State of the Art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:574706. [PMID: 33224945 PMCID: PMC7674170 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.574706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates a variety of biological functions in the body, and its abnormal activation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancers. Therefore, to ensure physiological homeostasis of body systems, this pathway is strictly regulated by IκBα transcription, IκBα synthesis, and the IκBα-dependent nuclear transport of NF-κB. Particularly, the post-translational modifications of IκBα including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glutathionylation and hydroxylation are crucial in the abovementioned regulatory process. Because of the importance of the NF-κB pathway in maintaining body homeostasis, understanding the post-translational modifications of IκBα can not only provide deeper insights into the regulation of NF-κB pathway but also contribute to the development of new drug targets and biomarkers for the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Centre for Noncoding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Ancestral function of Inhibitors-of-kappaB regulates Caenorhabditis elegans development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16153. [PMID: 32999373 PMCID: PMC7527347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian IκB proteins (IκBs) exert their main function as negative regulators of NF-κB, a central signaling pathway controlling immunity and inflammation. An alternative chromatin role for IκBs has been shown to affect stemness and cell differentiation. However, the involvement of NF-κB in this function has not been excluded. NFKI-1 and IKB-1 are IκB homologs in Caenorhabditis elegans, which lacks NF-κB nuclear effectors. We found that nfki-1 and ikb-1 mutants display developmental defects that phenocopy mutations in Polycomb and UTX-1 histone demethylase, suggesting a role for C. elegans IκBs in chromatin regulation. Further supporting this possibility (1) we detected NFKI-1 in the nucleus of cells; (2) NFKI-1 and IKB-1 bind to histones and Polycomb proteins, (3) and associate with chromatin in vivo, and (4) mutations in nfki-1 and ikb-1 alter chromatin marks. Based on these results, we propose that ancestral IκB inhibitors modulate Polycomb activity at specific gene subsets with an impact on development.
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11
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Marruecos L, Bertran J, Guillén Y, González J, Batlle R, López-Arribillaga E, Garrido M, Ruiz-Herguido C, Lisiero D, González-Farré M, Arce-Gallego S, Iglesias M, Nebreda AR, Miyamoto S, Bigas A, Espinosa L. IκBα deficiency imposes a fetal phenotype to intestinal stem cells. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49708. [PMID: 32270911 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a paradigm of adult tissue in constant regeneration that is supported by intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The mechanisms regulating ISC homeostasis after injury are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that IκBα, the main regulator of NF-κB, exerts alternative nuclear functions as cytokine sensor in a subset of PRC2-regulated genes. Here, we show that nuclear IκBα is present in the ISC compartment. Mice deficient for IκBα show altered intestinal cell differentiation with persistence of a fetal-like ISC phenotype, associated with aberrant PRC2 activity at specific loci. Moreover, IκBα-deficient intestinal cells produce morphologically aberrant organoids carrying a PRC2-dependent fetal-like transcriptional signature. DSS treatment, which induces acute damage in the colonic epithelium of mice, results in a temporary loss of nuclear P-IκBα and its subsequent accumulation in early CD44-positive regenerating areas. Importantly, IκBα-deficient mice show higher resistance to damage, likely due to the persistent fetal-like ISC phenotype. These results highlight intestinal IκBα as a chromatin sensor of inflammation in the ISC compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marruecos
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Bertran
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Bioinformatics and Medical Statistics Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jéssica González
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika López-Arribillaga
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garrido
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Herguido
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominique Lisiero
- The McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mónica González-Farré
- Department of Pathology, CIBERONC, University Autonomous of Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Arce-Gallego
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, CIBERONC, University Autonomous of Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- The McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Bigas
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Espinosa
- Cancer Research Program, CIBERONC, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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