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Lu HJ, Koju N, Sheng R. Mammalian integrated stress responses in stressed organelles and their functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1095-1114. [PMID: 38267546 PMCID: PMC11130345 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) triggered in response to various cellular stress enables mammalian cells to effectively cope with diverse stressful conditions while maintaining their normal functions. Four kinases (PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI) of ISR regulate ISR signaling and intracellular protein translation via mediating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α) at Ser51. Early ISR creates an opportunity for cells to repair themselves and restore homeostasis. This effect, however, is reversed in the late stages of ISR. Currently, some studies have shown the non-negligible impact of ISR on diseases such as ischemic diseases, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, cancer, vanishing white matter, etc. Hence, artificial regulation of ISR and its signaling with ISR modulators becomes a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving disease symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the essential mechanisms of ISR and describe the ISR-related pathways in organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Meanwhile, the regulatory effects of ISR modulators and their potential application in various diseases are also enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nirmala Koju
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Zhang J, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Liang F. Recent advances of engineered oncolytic viruses-based combination therapy for liver cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:3. [PMID: 38167076 PMCID: PMC10763442 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a major malignant tumor, which seriously threatens human health and increases the economic burden on patients. At present, gene therapy has been comprehensively studied as an excellent therapeutic measure in liver cancer treatment. Oncolytic virus (OV) is a kind of virus that can specifically infect and kill tumor cells. After being modified by genetic engineering, the specificity of OV infection to tumor cells is increased, and its influence on normal cells is reduced. To date, OV has shown its effectiveness and safety in experimental and clinical studies on a variety of tumors. Thus, this review primarily introduces the current status of different genetically engineered OVs used in gene therapy for liver cancer, focuses on the application of OVs and different target genes for current liver cancer therapy, and identifies the problems encountered in OVs-based combination therapy and the corresponding solutions, which will provide new insights into the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Yunxi Xiao
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Liao Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Fan Liang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
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Wu W, Hu A, Xu H, Su J. LincRNA-EPS Alleviates Inflammation in TMJ Osteoarthritis by Binding to SRSF3. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1141-1151. [PMID: 37464762 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231180464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a common inflammatory disease that can cause pain, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone loss. However, the key regulatory factors and new targets for the treatment of TMJOA have yet to be determined. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown remarkable potential in regulating tissue homeostasis and disease development. The long intergenic RNA-erythroid prosurvival (lincRNA-EPS) is reported to be an effective inhibitor of inflammation, but its role in TMJOA is unexplored. Here, we found that lincRNA-EPS is downregulated and negatively correlated with inflammatory factors in the condyles of TMJOA mice. LincRNA-EPS knockout aggravated inflammation and tissue destruction after TMJOA modeling. The in vitro studies confirmed that loss of lincRNA-EPS facilitated inflammatory factor expression in condylar chondrocytes, while recovered expression of lincRNA-EPS showed anti-inflammatory effects. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing revealed that the inflammatory response pathway nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was mostly affected by lincRNA-EPS deficiency. Moreover, lincRNA-EPS was proved to effectively bind to serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) and inhibit its function in pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) formation, thus restraining the PKM2/NF-κB pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, local injection of the lincRNA-EPS overexpression lentivirus significantly alleviated inflammation, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone loss in TMJOA mice. Overall, lincRNA-EPS regulated the inflammatory process of condylar chondrocytes by binding to SRSF3 and showed translational application potential in the treatment of TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - A Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - J Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Lai Y, Wang X, Sun X, Wu S, Chen X, Yang C, Zhang W, Yu X, Tong Y, Ma F, Zheng H, Zhang X, He S. Discovery of a novel RIPK2 inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115647. [PMID: 37315817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 and 2 (NOD 1/2) are important cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that initiate host immune response. The dysregulation of NOD signaling is highly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that needs novel treatment options. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a critical mediator of NOD signaling and considered a promising therapeutic target for IBD treatment. However, there are currently no RIPK2 inhibitors available for clinical use. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of Zharp2-1 as a novel and potent RIPK2 inhibitor that effectively blocks RIPK2 kinase function and NOD-mediated NF-κB/MAPK activation in both human and mouse cell lines. Zharp2-1 exhibits significantly superior solubility compared to the non-prodrug form of the advanced RIPK2 inhibitor prodrug GSK2983559. The improved solubility combined with favorable in vitro metabolic stability translated to excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles for Zharp2-1. In addition, Zharp2-1 demonstrates better effects than GSK2983559 in inhibiting the muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MDP-induced peritonitis in mice. Furthermore, Zharp2-1 markedly reduces Listeria monocytogenes infection-induced cytokines release in both human and mouse cells. Importantly, Zharp2-1 significantly ameliorates DNBS-induced colitis in rats and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine release in intestinal specimens from IBD patients. Collectively, our findings indicate that Zharp2-1 is a promising RIPK2 inhibitor with the potential to be further developed for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Lai
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue Sun
- The First Affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The First Affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengkui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yushan Tong
- Xi'an jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Sudan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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