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Arpinati L, Carradori G, Scherz-Shouval R. CAF-induced physical constraints controlling T cell state and localization in solid tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00740-4. [PMID: 39251836 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumours comprise cancer cells that engage in continuous interactions with non-malignant cells and with acellular components, forming the tumour microenvironment (TME). The TME has crucial and diverse roles in tumour progression and metastasis, and substantial efforts have been dedicated into understanding the functions of different cell types within the TME. These efforts highlighted the importance of non-cell-autonomous signalling in cancer, mediating interactions between the cancer cells, the immune microenvironment and the non-immune stroma. Much of this non-cell-autonomous signalling is mediated through acellular components of the TME, known as the extracellular matrix (ECM), and controlled by the cells that secrete and remodel the ECM - the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In this Review, we delve into the complex crosstalk among cancer cells, CAFs and immune cells, highlighting the effects of CAF-induced ECM remodelling on T cell functions and offering insights into the potential of targeting ECM components to improve cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Arpinati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giulia Carradori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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2
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柴 晓, 孙 子, 李 海, 朱 靓, 刘 小, 刘 延, 裴 斐, 常 青. [Clinicopathological characteristics of the CD8 + T lymphocytes infiltration and its mechanism in distinct molecular subtype of medulloblastoma]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2024; 56:512-518. [PMID: 38864138 PMCID: PMC11167556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of the CD8+ T cells infiltration from the 4 subtypes in medulloblastoma (MB), to analyze the relationship between CD8+ T cells infiltration and prognosis, to study the function of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11) and its receptor in CD8+ T cells infiltration into tumors and to explore the potential mechanism, and to provide the necessary clinicopathological basis for exploring the immunotherapy of MB. METHODS In the study, 48 clinical MB samples (12 cases in each of 4 subtypes) were selected from the multiple medical center from 2012 to 2019. The transcriptomics analysis for the tumor of 48 clinical samples was conducted on the NanoString PanCancer IO360TM Panel (NanoString Technologies). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from MB was carried out using CD8 primary antibody to analyze diffe-rential quantities of CD8+ T cells in the MB four subtypes. Through bioinformatics analysis, the relationship between CD8+T cells infiltration and prognosis of the patients and the expression differences of various chemokines in the different subtypes of MB were investigated. The expression of CXCR3 receptor on the surface of CD8+T cells in MB was verified by double immunofluorescence staining, and the underlying molecular mechanism of CD8+T cells infiltration into the tumor was explored. RESULTS The characteristic index of CD8+T cells in the WNT subtype of MB was relatively high, suggesting that the number of CD8+T cells in the WNT subtype was significantly higher than that in the other three subtypes, which was confirmed by CD8 immunohistochemical staining and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database analysis by using R2 online data analysis platform. And the increase of CD8+T cells infiltration was positively correlated with the patient survival. The expression level of CXCL11 in the WNT subtype MB was significantly higher than that of the other three subtypes. Immunofluorescence staining showed the presence of CXCL11 receptor, CXCR3, on the surface of CD8+T cells, suggesting that the CD8+T cells might be attracted to the MB microenvironment by CXCL11 through CXCR3. CONCLUSION The CD8+T cells infiltrate more in the WNT subtype MB than other subtypes. The mechanism may be related to the activation of CXCL11-CXCR3 chemokine system, and the patients with more infiltration of CD8+T cells in tumor have better prognosis. This finding may provide the necessary clinicopathological basis for the regulatory mechanism of CD8+T cells infiltration in MB, and give a new potential therapeutic target for the future immunotherapy of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晓东 柴
- 北京大学第三医院病理科, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- 北京大学基础医学院病理学系, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 子文 孙
- 北京大学第三医院病理科, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 海爽 李
- 北京大学第三医院病理科, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 靓怡 朱
- 北京大学第三医院病理科, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 小旦 刘
- 北京大学第三医院病理科, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- 北京大学基础医学院病理学系, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 延涛 刘
- 北京大学第三医院病理科, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 斐 裴
- 北京大学第三医院病理科, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- 北京大学基础医学院病理学系, 北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 青 常
- 北京市神经外科研究所神经病理中心, 北京 100070Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing 100070, China
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Dhaouadi S, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Orend G. Tenascin-C targeting strategies in cancer. Matrix Biol 2024; 130:1-19. [PMID: 38642843 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a matricellular and multimodular glycoprotein highly expressed under pathological conditions, especially in cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. Since a long time TNC is considered as a promising target for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in anti-cancer treatments and was already extensively targeted in clinical trials on cancer patients. This review provides an overview of the current most advanced strategies used for TNC detection and anti-TNC theranostic approaches including some advanced clinical strategies. We also discuss novel treatment protocols, where targeting immune modulating functions of TNC could be center stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayda Dhaouadi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gertraud Orend
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment laboratory, Université Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Lu G, Qiu Y. SPI1-mediated CXCL12 expression in bladder cancer affects the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:448-460. [PMID: 38037991 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) originates principally from the epithelial compartment of the bladder. The immune system and its diverse players, chemokines, in particular, have been related to the responses against BC. The goal of the study here was to examine if C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) in BC cells could manipulate protumorigenic properties of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which affects anticancer immunity supporting tumor development in the tumor microenvironment. CXCL12 was found to be overexpressed in BC and predicted poor survival. CXCL12 in BC was associated with multiple immune cell infiltrations, with TAM infiltration playing a key role. CXCL12 elevated chemotaxis of TAMs. CXCL12 downregulation inhibited cellular activity and TAM and suppressed the ability of TAMs to secrete inflammatory factors and MMP9. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that SPI1 was localized to the CXCL12 promoter in BC cells, suggesting that CXCL12 serves a direct target of SPI1, which was consistent with the fact that SPI1 reversed the repressive effects of si-CXCL12 on BC cell activity and TAM recruitment in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that SPI1 is involved in modulating TAM recruitment, representing a new mechanism through which it may influence tumor growth. This may be partly mediated by regulating CXCL12 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Lu
- Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Zhang TL, Xia C, Zheng BW, Hu HH, Jiang LX, Escobar D, Zheng BY, Chen TD, Li J, Lv GH, Huang W, Yan YG, Zou MX. Integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveals endoplasmic reticulum stress-related CAF subpopulations associated with chordoma progression. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:295-308. [PMID: 37772937 PMCID: PMC10836767 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as the main cell type, the rich myxoid stromal components in chordoma tissues may likely contribute to its development and progression. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, bulk RNA-seq, and multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) were used to dissect the heterogeneity, spatial distribution, and clinical implication of CAFs in chordoma. RESULTS We sequenced here 72 097 single cells from 3 primary and 3 recurrent tumor samples, as well as 3 nucleus pulposus samples as controls using scRNA-seq. We identified a unique cluster of CAF in recurrent tumors that highly expressed hypoxic genes and was functionally enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Pseudotime trajectory and cell communication analyses showed that this ERS-CAF subpopulation originated from normal fibroblasts and widely interacted with tumoral and immune cells. Analyzing the bulk RNA-seq data from 126 patients, we found that the ERS-CAF signature score was associated with the invasion and poor prognosis of chordoma. By integrating the results of scRNA-seq with spatial transcriptomics, we demonstrated the existence of ERS-CAF in chordoma tissues and revealed that this CAF subtype displayed the most proximity to its surrounding tumor cells. In subsequent QIF validation involving 105 additional patients, we confirmed that ERS-CAF was abundant in the chordoma microenvironment and located close to tumor cells. Furthermore, both ERS-CAF density and its distance to tumor cells were correlated with tumor malignant phenotype and adverse patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings depict the CAF landscape for chordoma and may provide insights into the development of novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Lan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chao Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Hu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David Escobar
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Bo-Yv Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Hua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Health Management Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi-Guo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Du W, Xia X, Hu F, Yu J. Extracellular matrix remodeling in the tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1340634. [PMID: 38332915 PMCID: PMC10850336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1340634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a significant constituent of tumors, fulfilling various essential functions such as providing mechanical support, influencing the microenvironment, and serving as a reservoir for signaling molecules. The abundance and degree of cross-linking of ECM components are critical determinants of tissue stiffness. In the process of tumorigenesis, the interaction between ECM and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) frequently leads to ECM stiffness, thereby disrupting normal mechanotransduction and promoting malignant progression. Therefore, acquiring a thorough comprehension of the dysregulation of ECM within the TME would significantly aid in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this regard, we have compiled a comprehensive summary encompassing the following aspects: (1) the principal components of ECM and their roles in malignant conditions; (2) the intricate interaction between ECM and immune cells within the TME; and (3) the pivotal regulators governing the onco-immune response in ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueming Xia
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Fu S, Tan Z, Shi H, Chen J, Zhang Y, Guo C, Feng W, Xu H, Wang J, Wang H. Development of a stemness-related prognostic index to provide therapeutic strategies for bladder cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:14. [PMID: 38245587 PMCID: PMC10799910 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that cancer progression involves the acquisition of stem-like signatures, and assessing stemness indices help uncover patterns of intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity. We used the one-class logistic regression algorithm to compute the mRNAsi for each sample in BLCA cohort. We subsequently classified BC patients into two subtypes based on 189 mRNAsi-related genes, using the unsupervised consensus clustering. Then, we identified nine hub genes to construct a stemness-related prognostic index (SRPI) using Cox regression, LASSO regression and Random Forest methods. We further validated SRPI using two independent datasets. Afterwards, we examined the molecular and immune characterized of SRPI. Finally, we conducted multiply drug screening and experimental approaches to identify and confirm the most proper agents for patients with high SRPI. Based on the mRNAsi-related genes, BC patients were classified into two stemness subtypes with distinct prognosis, functional annotations, genomic variations and immune profiles. Using the SRPI, we identified a specific subgroup of BC patients with high SRPI, who had a poor response to immunotherapy, and were less sensitive to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, FGFR inhibitors, and EGFR inhibitors. We further identified that dasatinib was the most promising therapeutic agent for this subgroup of patients. This study provides further insights into the stemness classification of BC, and demonstrates that SRPI is a promising tool for predicting prognosis and therapeutic opportunities for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyong Tan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjin Shi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China
| | | | - Chunming Guo
- School for Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haole Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiansong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China.
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8
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Abedsaeidi M, Hojjati F, Tavassoli A, Sahebkar A. Biology of Tenascin C and its Role in Physiology and Pathology. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2706-2731. [PMID: 37021423 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230404124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a multimodular extracellular matrix (ECM) protein hexameric with several molecular forms (180-250 kDa) produced by alternative splicing at the pre-mRNA level and protein modifications. The molecular phylogeny indicates that the amino acid sequence of TNC is a well-conserved protein among vertebrates. TNC has binding partners, including fibronectin, collagen, fibrillin-2, periostin, proteoglycans, and pathogens. Various transcription factors and intracellular regulators tightly regulate TNC expression. TNC plays an essential role in cell proliferation and migration. Unlike embryonic tissues, TNC protein is distributed over a few tissues in adults. However, higher TNC expression is observed in inflammation, wound healing, cancer, and other pathological conditions. It is widely expressed in a variety of human malignancies and is recognized as a pivotal factor in cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, TNC increases both pro-and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. It has been identified as an essential factor in tissue injuries such as damaged skeletal muscle, heart disease, and kidney fibrosis. This multimodular hexameric glycoprotein modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses regulating the expression of numerous cytokines. Moreover, TNC is an important regulatory molecule that affects the onset and progression of neuronal disorders through many signaling pathways. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and expression properties of TNC and its potential functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihehsadat Abedsaeidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hojjati
- Division of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tavassoli
- Division of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Agüera-Lorente A, Alonso-Pardavila A, Larrinaga M, Boyano MD, González E, Falcón-Pérez JM, Asumendi A, Apraiz A. Small extracellular vesicle-based human melanocyte and melanoma signature. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023. [PMID: 38158521 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is a cell-type and stimulus-dependent event driven not only by soluble factors but also by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs include vesicles of different size and origin that contain a myriad of molecules. Among them, small EVs (sEV; <200 nm) have been shown to modulate not just regional cell responses but also distant organ behavior. In cancer, distant organ modulation by sEVs has been associated to disease dissemination, which is one of the main concerns in melanoma. Description of broadly conserved alterations in sEV-contained molecules represents a strategy to identify key modifications in cellular communication as well as new disease biomarkers. Here, we characterize proteomes of cutaneous melanocyte and melanoma-derived sEVs to deepen on the landscape of normal and disease-related cell communication. Results reveal the presence of unique protein signatures for melanocytes and melanoma cells that reflect cellular transformation-related profound modifications. Melanocyte-derived sEVs are enriched in oxidative metabolism (e.g., aconitase 2, ACO2) or pigmentation (e.g., tyrosinase, TYR) related proteins while melanoma-derived sEVs reflect a generalized decrease in mature melanocytic markers (e.g., melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1, MART-1, also known as MLANA) and an increase in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related adhesion molecules such as tenascin C (TNC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Agüera-Lorente
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - María Larrinaga
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Dolores Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Esperanza González
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Falcón-Pérez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aintzane Apraiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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10
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Huang T, Lu C, Zhang Y, Lin BY, Zhang ZJ, Zhu D, Wang L, Lu Y. Effect of activating cancer-associated fibroblasts biomarker TNC on immune cell infiltration and prognosis in breast cancer. Ann Med 2023; 55:2250987. [PMID: 38375814 PMCID: PMC10629425 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2250987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAFs are heterogeneous and involved in tumor tumorigenesis and drug resistance, contributing to TME remodeling and predicting clinical outcomes as prognostic factors. However, the effect of CAFs the TME and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC) is not fully understood. This study investigated the correlation between CAFs-activating biomarkers immune cell infiltration and survival in patients with breast cancer. METHODS RNA sequencing data and survival information for patients with breast cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using R software. We then analyzed the correlation between CAFs-expressing biomarkers and immune cells using the clusterProfiler package, and evaluated the prognostic role of appealing genes using the Survminer package. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to determine the expression levels of TNC in 160 breast cancer samples pathologically diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma that were not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS). RESULTS Data analysis showed that CAFs-expressing genes was higher than in normal tissues (p < 0.05). Pathway enrichment revealed that the overexpression of CAFs-related genes was mainly enriched in the focal adhesion and phosphoinositol-3 kinase-serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis suggested that high expression of CAFs-related genes was significantly positively correlated with the infiltration of naive B cells and resting dendritic cells and inversely correlated with macrophages cell infiltration. In addition, high TNC expression in tumor cells was associated with the most adverse clinicopathological features and reduced metastasis-free survival (MFS) (hazard ratio (HR) 0.574, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.404-0.815, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS This study found that CAFs may participate in immunosuppression and regulate tumor cell proliferation and invasion. High TNC expression is associated with several adverse clinicopathological features, and high TNC expression in tumor cells has been identified as an independent prognostic factor for IDC-NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-yun Lin
- Biotissue Repository, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhe-jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Fejza A, Carobolante G, Poletto E, Camicia L, Schinello G, Di Siena E, Ricci G, Mongiat M, Andreuzzi E. The entanglement of extracellular matrix molecules and immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270981. [PMID: 37854588 PMCID: PMC10579931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a core pillar of cancer therapy as single agents or in combination regimens both in adults and children. Unfortunately, ICIs provide a long-lasting therapeutic effect in only one third of the patients. Thus, the search for predictive biomarkers of responsiveness to ICIs remains an urgent clinical need. The efficacy of ICIs treatments is strongly affected not only by the specific characteristics of cancer cells and the levels of immune checkpoint ligands, but also by other components of the tumor microenvironment, among which the extracellular matrix (ECM) is emerging as key player. With the aim to comprehensively describe the relation between ECM and ICIs' efficacy in cancer patients, the present review systematically evaluated the current literature regarding ECM remodeling in association with immunotherapeutic approaches. Methods This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42022351180). PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were comprehensively searched from inception to January 2023. Titles, abstracts and full text screening was performed to exclude non eligible articles. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Results After employing relevant MeSH and key terms, we identified a total of 5070 studies. Among them, 2540 duplicates, 1521 reviews or commentaries were found and excluded. Following title and abstract screening, the full text was analyzed, and 47 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were retained. The studies included in this systematic review comprehensively recapitulate the latest observations associating changes of the ECM composition following remodeling with the traits of the tumor immune cell infiltration. The present study provides for the first time a broad view of the tight association between ECM molecules and ICIs efficacy in different tumor types, highlighting the importance of ECM-derived proteolytic products as promising liquid biopsy-based biomarkers to predict the efficacy of ICIs. Conclusion ECM remodeling has an important impact on the immune traits of different tumor types. Increasing evidence pinpoint at ECM-derived molecules as putative biomarkers to identify the patients that would most likely benefit from ICIs treatments. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351180, identifier CRD42022351180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Fejza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UBT-Higher Education Institute, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Greta Carobolante
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Evelina Poletto
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Camicia
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schinello
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Emanuele Di Siena
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Eva Andreuzzi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Zhang H, Yue X, Chen Z, Liu C, Wu W, Zhang N, Liu Z, Yang L, Jiang Q, Cheng Q, Luo P, Liu G. Define cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment: new opportunities in cancer immunotherapy and advances in clinical trials. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:159. [PMID: 37784082 PMCID: PMC10544417 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite centuries since the discovery and study of cancer, cancer is still a lethal and intractable health issue worldwide. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained much attention as a pivotal component of the tumor microenvironment. The versatility and sophisticated mechanisms of CAFs in facilitating cancer progression have been elucidated extensively, including promoting cancer angiogenesis and metastasis, inducing drug resistance, reshaping the extracellular matrix, and developing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Owing to their robust tumor-promoting function, CAFs are considered a promising target for oncotherapy. However, CAFs are a highly heterogeneous group of cells. Some subpopulations exert an inhibitory role in tumor growth, which implies that CAF-targeting approaches must be more precise and individualized. This review comprehensively summarize the origin, phenotypical, and functional heterogeneity of CAFs. More importantly, we underscore advances in strategies and clinical trials to target CAF in various cancers, and we also summarize progressions of CAF in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghai Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Domaingo A, Jokesch P, Schweiger A, Gschwandtner M, Gerlza T, Koch M, Midwood KS, Kungl AJ. Chemokine Binding to Tenascin-C Influences Chemokine-Induced Immune Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14694. [PMID: 37834140 PMCID: PMC10572825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a complex glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in a plethora of (patho-)physiological processes, such as oncogenesis and inflammation. Since chemokines play an essential role in both disease processes, we have investigated here the binding of TNC to some of the key chemokines, namely CCL2, CCL26, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12. Thereby, a differential chemokine-TNC binding pattern was observed, with CCL26 exhibiting the highest and CCL2 the lowest affinity for TNC. Heparan sulfate (HS), another member of the ECM, proved to be a similarly high-affinity ligand of TNC, with a Kd value of 730 nM. Chemokines use glycosa-minoglycans such as HS as co-receptors to induce immune cell migration. Therefore, we assumed an influence of TNC on immune cell chemotaxis due to co-localization within the ECM. CCL26- and CCL2-induced mobilization experiments of eosinophils and monocytes, respectively, were thus performed in the presence and the absence of TNC. Pre-incubation of the immune cells with TNC resulted in a 3.5-fold increase of CCL26-induced eosinophil chemotaxis, whereas a 1.3-fold de-crease in chemotaxis was observed when monocytes were pre-incubated with CCL2. As both chemokines have similar HS binding but different TNC binding affinities, we speculate that TNC acts as an attenuator in monocyte and as an amplifier in eosinophil mobilization by impeding CCL2 from binding to HS on the one hand, and by reinforcing CCL26 to bind to HS on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Domaingo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Jokesch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Schweiger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martha Gschwandtner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tanja Gerlza
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, 8045 Graz, Austria
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14
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Gschwandtner M, Gammage AN, Deligne C, Mies LFM, Domaingo A, Murdamoothoo D, Loustau T, Schwenzer A, Derler R, Carapito R, Koch M, Mörgelin M, Orend G, Kungl AJ, Midwood KS. Investigating Chemokine-Matrix Networks in Breast Cancer: Tenascin-C Sets the Tone for CCL2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8365. [PMID: 37176074 PMCID: PMC10179296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional dialogue between cellular and non-cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) drives cancer survival. In the extracellular space, combinations of matrix molecules and soluble mediators provide external cues that dictate the behavior of TME resident cells. Often studied in isolation, integrated cues from complex tissue microenvironments likely function more cohesively. Here, we study the interplay between the matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) and chemokine CCL2, both elevated in and associated with the progression of breast cancer and playing key roles in myeloid immune responses. We uncover a correlation between TNC/CCL2 tissue levels in HER2+ breast cancer and examine the physical and functional interactions of these molecules in a murine disease model with tunable TNC levels and in in vitro cellular and cell-free models. TNC supported sustained CCL2 synthesis, with chemokine binding to TNC via two distinct domains. TNC dominated the behavior of tumor-resident myeloid cells; CCL2 did not impact macrophage survival/activation whilst TNC facilitated an immune suppressive macrophage phenotype that was not dependent on or altered by CCL2 co-expression. Together, these data map new binding partners within the TME and demonstrate that whilst the matrix exerts transcriptional control over the chemokine, each plays a distinct role in subverting anti-tumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anís N. Gammage
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Claire Deligne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Linda F. M. Mies
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Alissa Domaingo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Devardarssen Murdamoothoo
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Rupert Derler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, GENOMAX Platform, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, ITI TRANSPLANTEX NG, Université de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral, Musculoskeletal Research, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Gertraud Orend
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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15
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Naik A, Leask A. Tumor-Associated Fibrosis Impairs the Response to Immunotherapy. Matrix Biol 2023; 119:125-140. [PMID: 37080324 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, impaired responses to immunotherapy in cancer had been attributed mainly to inherent tumor characteristics (tumor cell intrinsic factors) such as low immunogenicity, (low) mutational burden, weak host immune system, etc. However, mapping the responses of immunotherapeutic regimes in clinical trials for different types of cancer has pointed towards an obvious commonality - that tumors with a rich fibrotic stroma respond poorly or not at all. This has prompted a harder look on tumor cell extrinsic factors such as the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), and specifically, the fibrotic stroma as a potential enabler of immunotherapy failure. Indeed, the role of cancer-associated fibrosis in impeding efficacy of immunotherapy is now well-established. In fact, recent studies reveal a complex interconnection between fibrosis and treatment efficacy. Accordingly, in this review we provide a general overview of what a tumor associated fibrotic reaction is and how it interacts with the members of immune system that are frequently seen to be modulated in a failed immunotherapeutic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angha Naik
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Dentistry, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Leask
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Dentistry, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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16
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Chen C, Lim D, Cai Z, Zhang F, Liu G, Dong C, Feng Z. HDAC inhibitor HPTA initiates anti-tumor response by CXCL9/10-recruited CXCR3 +CD4 +T cells against PAHs carcinogenicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113783. [PMID: 37059382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure in food is closely associated with the occurrence and development of breast cancer, which may attribute to altered immunotoxicity and immune regulation. Currently, cancer immunotherapy aims to promote tumor-specific T cell responses, especially CD4+T helper cells (Th) for anti-tumor immunity. The histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are found to exert an anti-tumor effect by reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment, but the immune regulatory mechanism of HDACis in PAHs-induced breast tumor remains elusive. Here, using established breast cancer models induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a potent carcinogenic agent of PAH, the novel HDACi, 2-hexyl-4-pentylene acid (HPTA) exhibited anti-tumor effect by activating T lymphocytes immune function. HPTA recruited CXCR3+CD4+T cells into chemokines CXCL9/10-enriched tumor sites, the increased secretion of CXCL9/10 was regulated by the NF-κB-mediated pathway. Furthermore, HPTA promoted Th1 differentiation and assisted cytotoxic CD8+T cells in the elimination of breast cancer cells. These findings support the proposition of HPTA as a potential therapeutic in the treatment of PAHs-induced carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - David Lim
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Zuchao Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guochao Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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17
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Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Dou H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Xiao M. Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36906534 PMCID: PMC10007858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - He Dou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder and Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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18
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Mao X, Zhou D, Lin K, Zhang B, Gao J, Ling F, Zhu L, Yu S, Chen P, Zhang C, Zhang C, Ye G, Fong S, Chen G, Luo W. Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses revealed cell heterogeneity and immune environment alternations in metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:679-695. [PMID: 36040519 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor heterogeneity plays essential roles in developing cancer therapies, including therapies for breast cancer (BC). In addition, it is also very important to understand the relationships between tumor microenvironments and the systematic immune environment. METHODS Here, we performed single-cell, VDJ sequencing and spatial transcriptome analyses on tumor and adjacent normal tissue as well as axillar lymph nodes (LNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 8 BC patients. RESULTS We found that myeloid cells exhibited environment-dependent plasticity, where a group of macrophages with both M1 and M2 signatures possessed high tumor specificity spatially and was associated with worse patient survival. Cytotoxic T cells in tumor sites evolved in a separate path from those in the circulatory system. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires in metastatic LNs showed significant higher consistency with TCRs in tumor than those in nonmetastatic LNs and PBMCs, suggesting the existence of common neo-antigens across metastatic LNs and primary tumor cites. In addition, the immune environment in metastatic LNs had transformed into a tumor-like status, where pro-inflammatory macrophages and exhausted T cells were upregulated, accompanied by a decrease in B cells and neutrophils. Finally, cell interactions showed that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contributed most to shaping the immune-suppressive microenvironment, while CD8+ cells were the most signal-responsive cells. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the cell structures of both micro- and macroenvironments, revealed how different cells diverged in related contexts as well as their prognostic capacities, and displayed a landscape of cell interactions with spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Mao
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Medical Engineering Technology Research and development center of Immune Repertoire in Foshan, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Kairong Lin
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Medical Engineering Technology Research and development center of Immune Repertoire in Foshan, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Beiying Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Medical Engineering Technology Research and development center of Immune Repertoire in Foshan, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, BNRist; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ling
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lewei Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Sifei Yu
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Medical Engineering Technology Research and development center of Immune Repertoire in Foshan, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Peixian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Chuling Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Medical Engineering Technology Research and development center of Immune Repertoire in Foshan, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Medical Engineering Technology Research and development center of Immune Repertoire in Foshan, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Guolin Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Simon Fong
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
| | - Wei Luo
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China. .,Medical Engineering Technology Research and development center of Immune Repertoire in Foshan, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
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19
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Cambier S, Gouwy M, Proost P. The chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL12: molecular and functional properties, role in disease and efforts towards pharmacological intervention. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:217-251. [PMID: 36725964 PMCID: PMC9890491 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation of directional migration and activation of leukocytes. CXCL8 is the most potent human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and plays crucial roles in the response to infection and tissue injury. CXCL8 activity inherently depends on interaction with the human CXC chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR1, and glycosaminoglycans. Furthermore, (hetero)dimerization and tight regulation of transcription and translation, as well as post-translational modifications further fine-tune the spatial and temporal activity of CXCL8 in the context of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The CXCL8 interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans is therefore a promising target for therapy, as illustrated by multiple ongoing clinical trials. CXCL8-mediated neutrophil mobilization to blood is directly opposed by CXCL12, which retains leukocytes in bone marrow. CXCL12 is primarily a homeostatic chemokine that induces migration and activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and several leukocytes through interaction with CXCR4, ACKR1, and ACKR3. Thereby, it is an essential player in the regulation of embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. However, CXCL12 can also exert inflammatory functions, as illustrated by its pivotal role in a growing list of pathologies and its synergy with CXCL8 and other chemokines to induce leukocyte chemotaxis. Here, we review the plethora of information on the CXCL8 structure, interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans, different levels of activity regulation, role in homeostasis and disease, and therapeutic prospects. Finally, we discuss recent research on CXCL12 biochemistry and biology and its role in pathology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Fonta CM, Loustau T, Li C, Poilil Surendran S, Hansen U, Murdamoothoo D, Benn MC, Velazquez-Quesada I, Carapito R, Orend G, Vogel V. Infiltrating CD8+ T cells and M2 macrophages are retained in tumor matrix tracks enriched in low tension fibronectin fibers. Matrix Biol 2023; 116:1-27. [PMID: 36669744 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tracks rich in matrix and cells, as described in several cancer types, have immunosuppressive functions and separate tumor nests and stroma, yet their origin is unknown. Immunostainings of cryosections from mouse breast tumors show that these tracks are bordered by an endothelial-like basement membrane, filled with fibers of collagen adjacent to tenascin-C (TNC) and low-tension fibronectin (Fn) fibers. While present in early-stage tumors and maturing with time, tracks still form under TNC KO conditions, however, host (not tumor cell)-derived TNC is important for track maturation. Tumor infiltrating leukocytes (mostly M2 macrophages and CD8+ T cells) are retained in tracks of early-stage tumors. Following track maturation, retained tumor infiltrating leukocyte (TIL) numbers get reduced and more CD8+ TIL enter the tumor nests in the absence of TNC. As these tracks are enriched with platelets and fibrinogen and have a demarcating endothelial-like basement membrane often adjacent to endothelial cells, this suggests a role of blood vessels in the formation of these tracks. The Fn fiber tension probe FnBPA5 colocalizes with TNC and immune cells in the tracks and shows decreased binding in tracks lacking TNC. Consequently, FnBPA5 can serve as probe for tumor matrix tracks that have immune suppressive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Fonta
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Loustau
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d' Hématologie et d'Immunologie, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg 67091, France; Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Chengbei Li
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d' Hématologie et d'Immunologie, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg 67091, France; Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Suchithra Poilil Surendran
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d' Hématologie et d'Immunologie, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg 67091, France; Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Devadarssen Murdamoothoo
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d' Hématologie et d'Immunologie, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg 67091, France; MN3T (The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy), INSERM U1109, 3 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, Hautepierre, France; Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Mario C Benn
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Ines Velazquez-Quesada
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d' Hématologie et d'Immunologie, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg 67091, France; MN3T (The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy), INSERM U1109, 3 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, Hautepierre, France; Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France; Platform GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Strasbourg 67091, France
| | - Gertraud Orend
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d' Hématologie et d'Immunologie, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg 67091, France; MN3T (The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy), INSERM U1109, 3 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, Hautepierre, France; Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland.
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21
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Liu L, Qu Y, Cheng L, Yoon CW, He P, Monther A, Guo T, Chittle S, Wang Y. Engineering chimeric antigen receptor T cells for solid tumour therapy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1141. [PMID: 36495108 PMCID: PMC9736813 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy, for example, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy, has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly for blood cancers. However, factors such as insufficient T cell tracking, tumour heterogeneity, inhibitory tumour microenvironment (TME) and T cell exhaustion limit the broad application of CAR-based immunotherapy for solid tumours. In particular, the TME is a complex and evolving entity, which is composed of cells of different types (e.g., cancer cells, immune cells and stromal cells), vasculature, soluble factors and extracellular matrix (ECM), with each component playing a critical role in CAR-T immunotherapy. Thus, developing approaches to mitigate the inhibitory TME factors is critical for future success in applying CAR-T cells for solid tumour treatment. Accordingly, understanding the bilateral interaction of CAR-T cells with the TME is in pressing need to pave the way for more efficient therapeutics. In the following review, we will discuss TME-associated aspects with an emphasis on T cell trafficking, ECM barriers, abnormal vasculature, solid tumour heterogenicity and immune suppressive microenvironment. We will then summarize current engineering strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the TME-associated factors. Lastly, the future directions for engineering efficient CAR-T cells for solid tumour therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Liu
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yunjia Qu
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Leonardo Cheng
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chi Woo Yoon
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peixiang He
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Abdula Monther
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tianze Guo
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Chittle
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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22
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Yilmaz A, Loustau T, Salomé N, Poilil Surendran S, Li C, Tucker RP, Izzi V, Lamba R, Koch M, Orend G. Advances on the roles of tenascin-C in cancer. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276631. [PMID: 36102918 PMCID: PMC9584351 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) in health and disease have been extensively reviewed since its discovery over 40 years ago. Here, we will describe recent insights into the roles of TNC in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, immunity and metastasis. In addition to high levels of expression in tumors, and during chronic inflammation, and bacterial and viral infection, TNC is also expressed in lymphoid organs. This supports potential roles for TNC in immunity control. Advances using murine models with engineered TNC levels were instrumental in the discovery of important functions of TNC as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule in tissue repair and revealed multiple TNC actions in tumor progression. TNC acts through distinct mechanisms on many different cell types with immune cells coming into focus as important targets of TNC in cancer. We will describe how this knowledge could be exploited for cancer disease management, in particular for immune (checkpoint) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Yilmaz
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Nathalie Salomé
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Suchithra Poilil Surendran
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Chengbei Li
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Richard P. Tucker
- University of California at Davis 4 Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy , , 95616 Davis, CA , USA
| | - Valerio Izzi
- University of Oulu 5 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
- University of Oulu 6 Faculty of Medicine , , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Rijuta Lamba
- University of Oulu 5 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
- University of Oulu 6 Faculty of Medicine , , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Research, Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) 7 , Faculty of Medicine and , Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne , Germany
- University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne 7 , Faculty of Medicine and , Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne , Germany
| | - Gertraud Orend
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
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23
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Fu Z, Zhu G, Luo C, Chen Z, Dou Z, Chen Y, Zhong C, Su S, Liu F. Matricellular protein tenascin C: Implications in glioma progression, gliomagenesis, and treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971462. [PMID: 36033448 PMCID: PMC9413079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are nonstructural extracellular matrix components that are expressed at low levels in normal adult tissues and are upregulated during development or under pathological conditions. Tenascin C (TNC), a matricellular protein, is a hexameric and multimodular glycoprotein with different molecular forms that is produced by alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer of the central nervous system. Despite continued advances in multimodal therapy, the prognosis of gliomas remains poor. The main reasons for such poor outcomes are the heterogeneity and adaptability caused by the tumor microenvironment and glioma stem cells. It has been shown that TNC is present in the glioma microenvironment and glioma stem cell niches, and that it promotes malignant properties, such as neovascularization, proliferation, invasiveness, and immunomodulation. TNC is abundantly expressed in neural stem cell niches and plays a role in neurogenesis. Notably, there is increasing evidence showing that neural stem cells in the subventricular zone may be the cells of origin of gliomas. Here, we review the evidence regarding the role of TNC in glioma progression, propose a potential association between TNC and gliomagenesis, and summarize its clinical applications. Collectively, TNC is an appealing focus for advancing our understanding of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ganggui Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yike Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuyi Liu,
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24
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Immunotherapy and immunoengineering for breast cancer; a comprehensive insight into CAR-T cell therapy advancements, challenges and prospects. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:755-777. [PMID: 35943716 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent solid cancer with a high-rise infiltration of immune cells, turning it into a significant candidate for tumor-specific immunotherapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are emerging as immunotherapeutic tools with genetically engineered receptors to efficiently recognize and attack tumor cells that express specific target antigens. Technological advancements in CAR design have provided five generations of CAR-T cells applicable to a wide range of cancer patients while boosting CAR-T cell therapy safety. However, CAR-T cell therapy is ineffective against breast cancer because of the loss of specified antigens, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor and CAR-T cell-induced toxicities. Next-generation CAR-T cells actively pass through the tumor vascular barriers, persist for extended periods and disrupt the tumor microenvironment (TME) to block immune escape. CONCLUSION CAR-T cell therapy embodies advanced immunotherapy for BC, but further pre-clinical and clinical assessments are recommended to achieve maximized efficiency and safety.
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25
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Tucker RP, Degen M. Revisiting the Tenascins: Exploitable as Cancer Targets? Front Oncol 2022; 12:908247. [PMID: 35785162 PMCID: PMC9248440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For their full manifestation, tumors require support from the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes a specific extracellular matrix (ECM), vasculature, and a variety of non-malignant host cells. Together, these components form a tumor-permissive niche that significantly differs from physiological conditions. While the TME helps to promote tumor progression, its special composition also provides potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. Targeting tumor-specific ECM molecules and stromal cells or disrupting aberrant mesenchyme-cancer communications might normalize the TME and improve cancer treatment outcome. The tenascins are a family of large, multifunctional extracellular glycoproteins consisting of four members. Although each have been described to be expressed in the ECM surrounding cancer cells, tenascin-C and tenascin-W are currently the most promising candidates for exploitability and clinical use as they are highly expressed in various tumor stroma with relatively low abundance in healthy tissues. Here, we review what is known about expression of all four tenascin family members in tumors, followed by a more thorough discussion on tenascin-C and tenascin-W focusing on their oncogenic functions and their potential as diagnostic and/or targetable molecules for anti-cancer treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Martin Degen,
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26
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Yoshida KI, Midwood KS, Orend G. Editorial: Tenascins - Key Players in Tissue Homeostasis and Defense. Front Immunol 2022; 12:834353. [PMID: 35095934 PMCID: PMC8790525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.834353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gertraud Orend
- University Strasbourg, INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 1 Place de l'Hopital, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Loustau T, Abou-Faycal C, Erne W, zur Wiesch PA, Ksouri A, Imhof T, Mörgelin M, Li C, Mathieu M, Salomé N, Crémel G, Dhaouadi S, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Koch M, Orend G. Modulating tenascin-C functions by targeting the MAtrix REgulating MOtif, “MAREMO”. Matrix Biol 2022; 108:20-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Popova NV, Jücker M. The Functional Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:238. [PMID: 35008401 PMCID: PMC8750014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly dynamic as it is constantly deposited, remodeled and degraded to maintain tissue homeostasis. ECM is a major structural component of the tumor microenvironment, and cancer development and progression require its extensive reorganization. Cancerized ECM is biochemically different in its composition and is stiffer compared to normal ECM. The abnormal ECM affects cancer progression by directly promoting cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. The restructured extracellular matrix and its degradation fragments (matrikines) also modulate the signaling cascades mediated by the interaction with cell-surface receptors, deregulate the stromal cell behavior and lead to emergence of an oncogenic microenvironment. Here, we summarize the current state of understanding how the composition and structure of ECM changes during cancer progression. We also describe the functional role of key proteins, especially tenascin C and fibronectin, and signaling molecules involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment, as well as the signaling pathways that they activate in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Popova
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Sükei T, Palma E, Urbani L. Interplay between Cellular and Non-Cellular Components of the Tumour Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5586. [PMID: 34771746 PMCID: PMC8583132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. Currently, treatments available for advanced HCC provide dismal chances of survival, thus there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. While much of the focus of recent decades has been on targeting malignant cells, promising results have emerged from targeting the tumour microenvironment (TME). The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the main non-cellular component of the TME and it profoundly changes during tumorigenesis to promote the growth and survival of malignant cells. Despite this, many in vitro models for drug testing fail to consider the TME leading to a high failure rate in clinical trials. Here, we present an overview of the function and properties of the ECM in the liver and how these change during malignant transformation. We also discuss the relationship between immune cells and ECM in the TME in HCC. Lastly, we present advanced, 3D culture techniques of cancer modelling and argue that the incorporation of TME components into these is essential to better recapitulate the complex interactions within the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Sükei
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK; (T.S.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Elena Palma
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK; (T.S.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Luca Urbani
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK; (T.S.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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30
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Fujita M, Sasada M, Eguchi M, Iyoda T, Okuyama S, Osawa T, Tsuzuranuki K, Sakamoto M, Hagihara Y, Matsumura M, Osada S, Kodama H, Higami Y, Fukai F. Induction of cellular senescence in fibroblasts through β1-integrin activation by tenascin-C-derived peptide and its protumor effect. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4364-4379. [PMID: 34659892 PMCID: PMC8493383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C is upregulated during inflammation and tumorigenesis, and its expression level is correlated with a poor prognosis in several malignancies. Nevertheless, the substantial role of tenascin-C in cancer progression is poorly understood. Previously, we found that a peptide derived from tenascin-C, termed TNIIIA2, acts directly on tumor cells to activate β1-integrin and induce malignant progression. Here, we show that β1-integrin activation by TNIIIA2 in human fibroblasts indirectly contributes to cancer progression through the induction of cellular senescence. Prolonged treatment of fibroblasts with TNIIIA2 induced cellular senescence, as characterized by the suppression of cell growth and the induction of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase and p16INK4a expression. The production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent DNA damage were responsible for the TNIIIA2-induced senescence of fibroblasts. Interestingly, peptide FNIII14, which inactivates β1-integrin, inhibited fibroblast senescence induced not only by TNIIIA2 but also by H2O2, suggesting that β1-integrin activation plays a critical role in the induction of senescence in fibroblasts. Moreover, TNIIIA2-induced senescent fibroblasts secreted heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which caused preneoplastic epithelial HaCaT cells to acquire malignant properties, including colony-forming and focus-forming abilities. Thus, our study demonstrates that tenascin-C-derived peptide TNIIIA2 induces cellular senescence in fibroblasts through β1-integrin activation, causing cancer progression via the secretion of humoral factors such as HB-EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomichi Fujita
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Sasada
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
- Clinical Research Center in Hiroshima, Hiroshima University HospitalHiroshima, Japan
| | - Mayu Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City UniversityYamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shin Okuyama
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Takuro Osawa
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Tsuzuranuki
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Yu Hagihara
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Osada
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga UniversitySaga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga UniversitySaga, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
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Spenlé C, Loustau T, Burckel H, Riegel G, Abou Faycal C, Li C, Yilmaz A, Petti L, Steinbach F, Ahowesso C, Jost C, Paul N, Carapito R, Noël G, Anjuère F, Salomé N, Orend G. Impact of Tenascin-C on Radiotherapy in a Novel Syngeneic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Model With Spontaneous Dissemination to the Lymph Nodes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636108. [PMID: 34290694 PMCID: PMC8287883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy, the most frequent treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) besides surgery is employed to kill tumor cells but, radiotherapy may also promote tumor relapse where the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) could be instrumental. We established a novel syngeneic grafting model from a carcinogen-induced tongue tumor, OSCC13, to address the impact of radiotherapy on OSCC. This model revealed similarities with human OSCC, recapitulating carcinogen-induced mutations found in smoking associated human tongue tumors, abundant tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) and, spontaneous tumor cell dissemination to the local lymph nodes. Cultured OSCC13 cells and OSCC13-derived tongue tumors were sensitive to irradiation. At the chosen dose of 2 Gy mimicking treatment of human OSCC patients not all tumor cells were killed allowing to investigate effects on the TME. By investigating expression of the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC), an indicator of an immune suppressive TME, we observed high local TNC expression and TIL infiltration in the irradiated tumors. In a TNC knockout host the TME appeared less immune suppressive with a tendency towards more tumor regression than in WT conditions. Altogether, our novel syngeneic tongue OSCC grafting model, sharing important features with the human OSCC disease could be relevant for future anti-cancer targeting of OSCC by radiotherapy and other therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Spenlé
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), UNICANCER, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobiology Laboratory, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Riegel
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chérine Abou Faycal
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chengbei Li
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alev Yilmaz
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luciana Petti
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Fanny Steinbach
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, Strasbourg, France
| | - Constance Ahowesso
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Camille Jost
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicodème Paul
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Platform GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Platform GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georges Noël
- Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), UNICANCER, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobiology Laboratory, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), UNICANCER, Department of Radiation Oncology, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Anjuère
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Nathalie Salomé
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gertraud Orend
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, Strasbourg, France
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