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Shi S, He D, Li L, Kumar N, Khan MK, Choo KKR. Applications of blockchain in ensuring the security and privacy of electronic health record systems: A survey. Comput Secur 2020; 97:101966. [PMID: 32834254 PMCID: PMC7362828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2020.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the popularity of blockchain, there have been many proposed applications of blockchain in the healthcare sector, such as electronic health record (EHR) systems. Therefore, in this paper we perform a systematic literature review of blockchain approaches designed for EHR systems, focusing only on the security and privacy aspects. As part of the review, we introduce relevant background knowledge relating to both EHR systems and blockchain, prior to investigating the (potential) applications of blockchain in EHR systems. We also identify a number of research challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Shi
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Debiao He
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, India.,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Khurram Khan
- Center of Excellence in Information Assurance, College of Computer & Information Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo
- Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
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Sapci AH, Sapci HA. Teaching Hands-On Informatics Skills to Future Health Informaticians: A Competency Framework Proposal and Analysis of Health Care Informatics Curricula. JMIR Med Inform 2020; 8:e15748. [PMID: 31961328 PMCID: PMC7001041 DOI: 10.2196/15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing health informatics curriculum requirements mostly use a competency-based approach rather than a skill-based one. Objective The main objective of this study was to assess the current skills training requirements in graduate health informatics curricula to evaluate graduate students’ confidence in specific health informatics skills. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional observational study was developed to evaluate published health informatics curriculum requirements and to determine the comprehensive health informatics skill sets required in a research university in New York, United States. In addition, a questionnaire to assess students’ confidence about specific health informatics skills was developed and sent to all enrolled and graduated Master of Science students in a health informatics program. Results The evaluation was performed in a graduate health informatics program, and analysis of the students’ self-assessments questionnaire showed that 79.4% (81/102) of participants were not confident (not at all confident or slightly confident) about developing an artificial intelligence app, 58.8% (60/102) were not confident about designing and developing databases, and 54.9% (56/102) were not confident about evaluating privacy and security infrastructure. Less than one-third of students (24/105, 23.5%) were confident (extremely confident and very confident) that they could evaluate the use of data capture technologies and develop mobile health informatics apps (10/102, 9.8%). Conclusions Health informatics programs should consider specialized tracks that include specific skills to meet the complex health care delivery and market demand, and specific training components should be defined for different specialties. There is a need to determine new competencies and skill sets that promote inductive and deductive reasoning from diverse and various data platforms and to develop a comprehensive curriculum framework for health informatics skills training.
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Rajaram A, Moore K, Mamdani M. [Not Available]. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2019; 65:e240-e243. [PMID: 31189636 PMCID: PMC6738375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Rajaram
- Un nouveau résident en première année de médecine familiale à l'Université Queen's à Kingston (Ontario).
| | - Kieran Moore
- Médecin hygiéniste en chef et chef de la direction de la Santé publique de Kingston, Frontenac et Lennox et Addington à Kingston, directeur du programme de résidence en santé publique et médecine préventive, et professeur au Département de médecine d'urgence et au Département de médecine familiale de l'Université Queen's
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Directeur du Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training au Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, à l'Hôpital St Michael's à Toronto (Ontario), et professeur à la Faculté Leslie Dan de pharmacie, au Département de médecine et à l'Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation de la Faculté Dalla Lana de santé publique de l'Université de Toronto
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Rajaram A, Moore K, Mamdani M. Preparing family medicine trainees for the information revolution: Pearls, potential, promise, and pitfalls. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2019; 65:390-392. [PMID: 31189625 PMCID: PMC6738380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Rajaram
- Incoming first-year family medicine resident at Queen's University in Kingston, Ont.
| | - Kieran Moore
- Medical Officer of Health and Chief Executive Officer of Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox and Addington Public Health in Kingston and Program Director of the Public Health and Preventive Medicine residency program and Professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine and the Department of Family Medicine at Queen's University
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Director of the Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research and Training in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Ont, and Professor in the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, the Department of Medicine, and the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation of the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto
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Pepito JA, C. Locsin R, Constantino RE. Caring for Older Persons in a Technologically Advanced Nursing Future. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The digital world is generating data at a staggering and still increasing rate. While these "big data" have unlocked novel opportunities to understand public health, they hold still greater potential for research and practice. This review explores several key issues that have arisen around big data. First, we propose a taxonomy of sources of big data to clarify terminology and identify threads common across some subtypes of big data. Next, we consider common public health research and practice uses for big data, including surveillance, hypothesis-generating research, and causal inference, while exploring the role that machine learning may play in each use. We then consider the ethical implications of the big data revolution with particular emphasis on maintaining appropriate care for privacy in a world in which technology is rapidly changing social norms regarding the need for (and even the meaning of) privacy. Finally, we make suggestions regarding structuring teams and training to succeed in working with big data in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Mooney
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA;
| | - Vikas Pejaver
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education and the eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
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Gonzalo JD, Dekhtyar M, Starr SR, Borkan J, Brunett P, Fancher T, Green J, Grethlein SJ, Lai C, Lawson L, Monrad S, O'Sullivan P, Schwartz MD, Skochelak S. Health Systems Science Curricula in Undergraduate Medical Education: Identifying and Defining a Potential Curricular Framework. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2017; 92:123-131. [PMID: 27049541 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors performed a review of 30 Accelerating Change in Medical Education full grant submissions and an analysis of the health systems science (HSS)-related curricula at the 11 grant recipient schools to develop a potential comprehensive HSS curricular framework with domains and subcategories. METHOD In phase 1, to identify domains, grant submissions were analyzed and coded using constant comparative analysis. In phase 2, a detailed review of all existing and planned syllabi and curriculum documents at the grantee schools was performed, and content in the core curricular domains was coded into subcategories. The lead investigators reviewed and discussed drafts of the categorization scheme, collapsed and combined domains and subcategories, and resolved disagreements via group discussion. RESULTS Analysis yielded three types of domains: core, cross-cutting, and linking. Core domains included health care structures and processes; health care policy, economics, and management; clinical informatics and health information technology; population and public health; value-based care; and health system improvement. Cross-cutting domains included leadership and change agency; teamwork and interprofessional education; evidence-based medicine and practice; professionalism and ethics; and scholarship. One linking domain was identified: systems thinking. CONCLUSIONS This broad framework aims to build on the traditional definition of systems-based practice and highlight the need for medical and other health professions schools to better align education programs with the anticipated needs of the systems in which students will practice. HSS will require a critical investigation into existing curricula to determine the most efficient methods for integration with the basic and clinical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed D Gonzalo
- J.D. Gonzalo is assistant professor of medicine and public health sciences and associate dean for health systems education, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. M. Dekhtyar is senior research assistant, Medical Education Outcomes, American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois. S.R. Starr is assistant professor of pediatric and adolescent medicine and director of science of health care delivery education, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. J. Borkan is chair and professor of family medicine and assistant dean for primary care-population health program planning, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. P. Brunett is clinical professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, and associate dean for graduate medical education, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon. T. Fancher is associate professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California. J. Green is assistant professor of medicine and pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. S.J. Grethlein is professor of clinical medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. C. Lai is professor of medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. L. Lawson is assistant dean for curriculum, assessment, and clinical academic affairs and assistant professor of emergency medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. S. Monrad is clinical assistant professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. P. O'Sullivan is professor of medicine and director of research and development in medical education, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. M.D. Schwartz is professor of population health and medicine and vice chair for education and faculty affairs, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. S. Skochelak is group vice president of medical education, American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois
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Al-Shorbaji N, Bellazzi R, Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quiros F, Koch S, Kulikowski CA, Lovell NH, Maojo V, Park HA, Sanz F, Sarkar IN, Tanaka H. Discussion of "The New Role of Biomedical Informatics in the Age of Digital Medicine". Methods Inf Med 2016; 55:403-421. [PMID: 27524112 DOI: 10.3414/me15-12-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper "The New Role of Biomedical Informatics in the Age of Digital Medicine" written by Fernando J. Martin-Sanchez and Guillermo H. Lopez-Campos [1]. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the paper of Martin-Sanchez and Lopez-Campos. In subsequent issues the discussion can continue through letters to the editor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Al-Shorbaji
- Najeeb Al-Shorbaji, Vice-President for Knowledge, Research, and Ethics, e-Marefa (www.e-marefa.net), P.O. Box 2351, Amman 11953, Jordan, E-mail:
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Big Data in Health: a Literature Review from the Year 2005. J Med Syst 2016; 40:209. [PMID: 27520614 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-016-0565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The information stored in healthcare systems has increased over the last ten years, leading it to be considered Big Data. There is a wealth of health information ready to be analysed. However, the sheer volume raises a challenge for traditional methods. The aim of this article is to conduct a cutting-edge study on Big Data in healthcare from 2005 to the present. This literature review will help researchers to know how Big Data has developed in the health industry and open up new avenues for research. Information searches have been made on various scientific databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science for Big Data in healthcare. The search criteria were "Big Data" and "health" with a date range from 2005 to the present. A total of 9724 articles were found on the databases. 9515 articles were discarded as duplicates or for not having a title of interest to the study. 209 articles were read, with the resulting decision that 46 were useful for this study. 52.6 % of the articles used were found in Science Direct, 23.7 % in Pubmed, 22.1 % through Scopus and the remaining 2.6 % through the Web of Science. Big Data has undergone extremely high growth since 2011 and its use is becoming compulsory in developed nations and in an increasing number of developing nations. Big Data is a step forward and a cost reducer for public and private healthcare.
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Gonzalo JD, Haidet P, Blatt B, Wolpaw DR. Exploring challenges in implementing a health systems science curriculum: a qualitative analysis of student perceptions. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 50:523-31. [PMID: 27072441 DOI: 10.1111/medu.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although a critical component of educational reform involves the inclusion of knowledge of and skills in health systems science (HSS) (including population health, health system improvement and high-value care) many undergraduate medical education programmes focus primarily on traditional basic and clinical sciences. In this study, we investigated students' perceptions of the barriers to, challenges involved in and benefits of the implementation of a HSS curriculum. METHODS In 2014, we conducted 12 focus groups with 50 medical students across all years of medical school. Group interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used thematic analysis to explore students' perceptions of a planned HSS curriculum, which was to include both a classroom-based course and an experiential component. We then identified themes and challenges from the students' perspective and agreed upon results and quotations. RESULTS Students identified four barrier-related themes, including (i) medical-board licensing examinations foster a view of basic science as 'core', (ii) systems concepts are important but not essential, (iii) students lack sufficient knowledge and skills to perform systems roles and (iv) the culture of medical education and clinical systems does not support systems education. Students also identified several perceived benefits of a systems curriculum, including acquisition of new knowledge and skills, enhanced understanding of patients' perspectives and improved learning through experiential roles. The major unifying challenge related to students' competing priorities; one to perform well in examinations and match into preferred residencies, and another to develop systems-based skills. CONCLUSIONS Students' intrinsic desire to be the best physician possible is at odds with board examinations and desired residency placements. As a result, HSS is viewed as peripheral and non-essential, greatly limiting student engagement. New perspectives are needed to effectively address this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed D Gonzalo
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul Haidet
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara Blatt
- Office of Medical Education, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel R Wolpaw
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kong X, Feng M, Wang R. The current status and challenges of establishment and utilization of medical big data in China. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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McEligot AJ, Behseta S, Cuajungco MP, Van Horn JD, Toga AW. Wrangling Big Data Through Diversity, Research Education and Partnerships. CALIFORNIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION 2015; 13:vi-ix. [PMID: 27257409 PMCID: PMC4886736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
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