Effect of Stem Cells and Gene Transfected Stem Cells Therapy on the Pancreas of Experimentally Induced Type 1 Diabetes

VEGF/CDK2 are involved in diabetic organ regeneration

AIM/HYPOTHESIS

Diabetes is a hyperglycaemic disease treated by a set of allopathic drugs and natural biomolecules along with many variety of stem cell. We aim to investigate the role of these drugs in targeting common protein molecule in diabetes and its associated disease. We also aim to investigate the organ degeneration mechanistic pathway in diabetes.

METHOD

We have generated diabetes using streptozotocin injection and treated them using bone marrow transplantation and curcumin administration. The organs were studied histopathologically and by immunofluorescence analysis while drugs were studied Pharmacogenomically.

RESULT

Mice injected with streptozotocin have higher glucose and lower insulin, islet number/diameter, bone marrow cell number compared to control and bone marrow transplanted and curcumin administered mice. Histopathology staining demonstrates damaged morphology of pancreas, kidney, brain and cardiac muscle. Further, upon comparison of all allopathic and ayurvedic drugs used for diabetes several protein targets have been identified by reverse pharmacophore analysis using PharmMapper. VEGF, CDK2, insulin receptor, HSp90, eNOS, Fructose1,6 bisphosphatase, neprilysin, AchE, MAPK are several common protein targets of anti-diabetic drugs.

CONCLUSION

This article demonstrates that VEGF and CDK2 are critical marker in organ damage in diabetes as well as organ regeneration.

Gene Therapy for Pancreatic Diseases: Current Status

The pancreas is a key organ involved in digestion and endocrine functions in the body. The major diseases of the pancreas include pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, cystic diseases, pancreatic divisum, islet cell tumors, endocrine tumors, diabetes mellitus, and pancreatic pain induced by these diseases. While various therapeutic methodologies have been established to date, however, the improvement of conventional treatments and establishment of novel therapies are essential to improve the efficacy. For example, conventional therapeutic options, including chemotherapy, are not effective against pancreatic cancer, and despite improvements in the last decade, the mortality rate has not declined and is estimated to become the second cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. Therefore, continuous efforts focus on the development of novel therapeutic options. In this review, we will summarize the progress toward the development of gene therapies for pancreatic diseases, with an emphasis on recent preclinical studies and clinical trials. We aim to identify new areas for improvement of the current methodologies and new strategies that will lead to safe and effective gene therapeutic approaches in pancreatic diseases.