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Waldron KA, Wolfe E, Plisiewicz A, Turrisi RJ, Romano E. Long-term impact of familismo and ethnic identity on latinx college student drinking and high-risk consequences. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024; 23:201-221. [PMID: 38768079 PMCID: PMC11106522 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2082618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Familismo, ethnic pride, and ethnic shame were examined as longitudinal predictors of Latinx college student alcohol use and high-risk alcohol-related consequences. Latinx students completed measures during the fall of their first (T1), second (T2), and fourth (T4) year of college. T1 familismo was positively associated with T2 ethnic pride and negatively associated with T2 ethnic shame. T2 ethnic pride was negatively associated with T4 drinking, while T2 ethnic shame was positively associated with T4 drinking. T4 drinking was positively associated with T4 consequences. Results suggest that Latinx ethnic pride and ethnic shame during the second-year of college act as mediators between first-year familismo and fourth-year drinking and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Wolfe
- Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Eduardo Romano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
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2
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Scaglione NM, Ward RM, Buben A, Turrisi R. Alcohol's Role in Sexual Decision Making in First-Year College Women: An Event-Level Assessment. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2024; 48:121-132. [PMID: 38895110 PMCID: PMC11185828 DOI: 10.1177/03616843231186319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Sexual decision making is often grounded in social scripts that can be detrimental to women's healthy relationship and sexual development during the transition to college. Little is known about the malleable decision-making processes and drinking behaviors that influence sexual behaviors from day-to-day. We examined whether women were more likely to engage in sexual behaviors on days they had higher intentions and willingness to engage in sex or drink alcohol. We also explored interactions between sex- and alcohol-related decision constructs. Eighty-two first-year college women completed 14-days of ecological momentary assessment, reporting on alcohol- and sex-related intentions and willingness (3x daily) and daily drinking and sexual behaviors. We found partial support for our hypotheses: intentions and willingness to have sex were positively associated with sex behaviors, but willingness to drink was negatively associated with sex behaviors. Heavy drinking was associated with sexual behavior, even when women indicated no prior willingness to engage in sexual behavior on those days. Findings highlight the need to address event-level variability in sexual decision making, with a particular focus on how alcohol impacts these processes. Further, the robust association between sexual intentions and behavior suggests intention setting may be a particularly useful sexual empowerment education tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole M. Scaglione
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- The Graduate School & Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alex Buben
- Center for Behavioral Health Epidemiology, Implementation, and Evaluation Research, Community Health Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health & Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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3
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Derrick JL, Testa M, Wang W, Leonard KE. Elixir of love or venom of violence: When does a drinking event result in couple intimacy or couple conflict? Addict Behav 2023; 136:107488. [PMID: 36088786 PMCID: PMC10187977 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The short-term consequences of drinking events may be positive or negative. Most studies have considered only one outcome, but people may experience different alcohol outcomes on different occasions, depending on the circumstances. The present study sought to identify predictors of drinking events that resulted in couple intimacy, conflict, or neither outcome using existing data from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study. Participants were a community sample of partnered, moderately drinking adults with a recent history of verbal or physical partner aggression (N = 249 couples). They provided reports of drinking events, intimacy and conflict events, and ratings of relationship harmony and discord in three randomly signaled reports each day. Mixed-effects multinomial analyses were used to compare predictors of drinking events that, within three hours, resulted in intimacy, conflict, or neither outcome. Consistent with previous research, characteristics of the drinker (individual tendencies to experience intimacy or conflict) and characteristics of the drinking event (alcohol quantity, drinking companions) both predicted drinking outcomes. Moreover, the pre-drinking relationship context predicted post-drinking relationship outcomes, consistent with the idea that alcohol focuses attention on salient contextual cues. Specifically, greater pre-drinking relationship harmony predicted greater likelihood of experiencing intimacy after drinking, whereas greater pre-drinking relationship discord predicted greater likelihood of experiencing conflict after drinking. In summary, characteristics of the drinker, the drinking event, and the pre-drinking relationship context contribute to the likelihood that a given drinking event will have short-term positive or negative relationship outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Testa
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, United States
| | - Weijun Wang
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, United States
| | - Kenneth E Leonard
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, United States
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4
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Bird ER, Stappenbeck CA, Blayney J, Kaysen D, George WH. Examination of Sex-Related Distress and Self-Medication Drinking Model in U.S. College Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:1192-1200. [PMID: 35275036 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2044444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adult sexual assault (ASA) in college remains a concern. Consequently, many college-aged women experience negative emotions surrounding sexual activity (sex-related distress). Consistent with self-medication theory, some drink to cope with sex-related distress, which may reduce distress, but lead to greater drinking quantity before sex and negative sexual consequences. How women with ASA histories navigate sexual situations and cope with sex-related distress is under researched. We examined ASA, sex-related distress, and drinking to cope motives to understand correlates of drinking before sex. First and second year college women (n = 300) reported on a recent sexual experience in the past six weeks. In the full sample, ASA severity was associated with a greater likelihood of drinking before sex, while general sex-related distress was associated with a lower likelihood. General sex-related distress was associated with event-specific sex-related distress and sexual consequences. There were no differences in number of pre-sex drinks or subjective intoxication during sexual activity based on ASA. In a subsample of women who drank before sexual activity (n = 179), drinking to cope with sex-related distress motives mediated the association between sex-related distress and sexual consequences. Interventions can draw on these findings to target self-medication drinking in consensual sexual situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Blayney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center
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5
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Scaglione NM, Turrisi R, Sell NM, Mallett KA, Cleveland MJ. An Ecological Momentary Assessment of College Women's Decisions to Use Protective Behavioral Strategies. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP13291-NP13314. [PMID: 33823710 PMCID: PMC9502027 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211005143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been associated with reduced risk for sexual assault victimization in college women. Sexual assault risk reduction programs have had limited success increasing PBS use, particularly among heavy drinkers, suggesting a need for additional research on the malleable predictors of PBS use. Whereas longitudinal studies show women's decisions to use PBS can be both planned and reactive, little is known about the decision-making processes that affect PBS use on drinking days, when sexual assault risk may be elevated. The current study used ecological momentary assessment to examine variability in the associations between decision-making and PBS use within and across drinking days in first-semester college women. Participants (56 female drinkers) completed a 14-day protocol with three daily measures of intentions and willingness to use PBS, and once-daily diaries of PBS use. Multilevel models examined between-day and within-day effects of intentions and willingness to use PBS with regards to sexual assault PBS (e.g., communicating sexual boundaries) and drinking PBS (e.g., limiting alcohol consumption), respectively. On days when sexual assault PBS willingness increased throughout the day, women tended to use more sexual assault PBS. This association was strongest among women who were typically less willing to use these PBS. Among women who were the least willing to use drinking PBS, their drinking PBS use decreased on days when they reported increased willingness to use them. Decisions to use sexual assault and drinking PBS on drinking days were qualified by women's typical levels of willingness to use the different PBS. This suggests the need for a multi-faceted intervention strategy that targets both typical and event-level risk. Individual-level alcohol and sexual assault risk reduction approaches could be enhanced with event-level PBS messaging and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole M. Scaglione
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Nichole M. Sell
- Clinical & Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kimberly A. Mallett
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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6
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Pedersen E, Davis JP, Setodji C, Dworkin ER, Leamon I, Hummer JF, Zutshi R, Clapp JD. Increased Risk for Sexual Violence Victimization on Drinking Days Involving Pregaming. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2022; 31:1224-1240. [PMID: 36439784 PMCID: PMC9698375 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2022.2061880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risk for sexual violence victimization and perpetration. Pregaming, a popular activity among college students that involves heavy and quick drinking prior to going out for the night and often results in high blood alcohol levels (BALs), may convey increased risk for sexual violence-potentially due to greater likelihood of contact with intoxicated perpetrators and significantly impaired victim ability to consent or resist. Yet no published work has evaluated whether there is increased risk for victimization on drinking days that involve pregaming. Using a sample of 390 college student drinkers who completed a past 30-day Timeline Followback, we examined heavy drinking behavior, estimated BALs, and experience of sexual violence victimization during 1,899 drinking days, of which 30% involved pregaming. After controlling for demographics, we found that participants drank approximately two more drinks and reached significantly higher BALs on drinking days where they pregamed as compared to drinking days where they did not pregame. Nearly 6% of drinking days that included pregaming involved sexual violence victimization, compared to about 2% of drinking days where pregaming did not occur. Participants were at 2.71 times the odds of experiencing sexual violence, primarily unwelcomed comments and nonconsensual sexual touching, during drinking days with pregaming. This study represents a first step toward greater understanding of the sexual violence and pregaming link, but future research assessing perpetrator behavior and context-specific factors (e.g., amount consumed by victims and perpetrators, location of sexual violent events and peers present) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pedersen
- Associate Professor, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jordan P. Davis
- Assistant Professor, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, USC Institute for Addiction Science, . Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claude Setodji
- Senior Statistician, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily R. Dworkin
- Assistant Professor, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Isabel Leamon
- Research Assistant, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Justin F. Hummer
- Associate Behavioral Scientist, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Rushil Zutshi
- Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - John D. Clapp
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute for Addiction Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Yeater EA, Witkiewitz K, Testa M, Bryan AD. Substance Use, Risky Sex, and Peer Interactions Predict Sexual Assault Among College Women: An Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5094-NP5115. [PMID: 32969282 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520958720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault is an unfortunately common experience among women in college campuses. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to gain a better understanding of the contextual determinants of sexual assault among college women. EMA reports inquired about sexual assault experiences, risky sex (sex without a condom and regretted hookups), and substance use (alcohol and cannabis use), as well as what activities participants were engaged in (e.g., pregaming, drinking with peers, and drinking with a casual sexual partner), and whether they experienced peer pressure to engage in casual sex. Participants were 103 freshman undergraduate women (18-24 years old) at a Southwestern university in the United States, who were unmarried, interested in dating opposite-sex partners, engaged in binge drinking (defined as having 3 or more drinks on one occasion) in the past month, and reported at least one experience of sexual intercourse in their lifetime. Participants completed reports (one random and two time-contingent) via EMA three times a day over a 42-day period. Compliance in completing EMA reports was good (84.2% of prompted reports were completed), and time-to-completion of reports once signaled was acceptable (mean = 26 minutes, median = 5.75 minutes). During the 42 days, 40 women (38.8%) reported 75 occasions of sexual assault. The odds of experiencing sexual assault were significantly greater during occasions of regretted hookups and unprotected sex. Additionally, drinking with peers and peer pressure to engage in casual sex were each associated significantly with occasions of sexual assault. Reducing risk for sexual assault among undergraduate women may be possible by targeting these behaviors and contextual features in near real-time via momentary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Testa
- The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Ford JV, Choi J, Walsh K, Wall M, Mellins CA, Reardon L, Santelli J, Hirsch JS, Wilson PA. Using a Daily Diary Approach to Examine Substance Use and Negative Sexual Experiences Among College Students. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:277-287. [PMID: 32394112 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article examined substance use and sexual behavior by conducting an analysis of college students' reported behaviors using a daily diary approach. By isolating particular sexual events across a 2-month period, we examined situational predictors of engagement in sex and of negative sexual experiences (coerced sex and/or sex that lacks perceived control) for college men and women. Data come from the daily diary sub-study of the Sexual Health Initiative to Foster Transformation. These data include 60 days of daily responses from 420 undergraduates at one New York City institution. This was a relatively diverse sample comprised of 49% women, 28% identifying as non-heterosexual, 60% non-white, and a roughly equal number of college freshman, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Analyses examined the effects of alcohol use, binge drinking, marijuana use, and other drug use on sexual experiences. Between-person and within-person substance uses were related to an increased likelihood of having at least one sexual encounter during the study period. After adjusting for each participants' average substance use, both the number of alcoholic drinks consumed (AOR 1.13 (1.05-1.21)) and binge drinking scores (AOR 2.04 (1.10-3.79)) increased the likelihood of negative sex. Interaction analyses showed that compared to men, women were more likely to use alcohol and marijuana prior to sexual encounters. Given that sex and substance use are co-occurring, current prevention approaches should be paired with strategies that attempt to prevent negative sexual experiences, including sexual assault, more directly. These include consent education, bystander training, augmentation of sexual refusal skills, and structural change. Efforts promoting increased sex positivity might also help make all students, and women in particular, less likely to use substances in order to facilitate sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie V Ford
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jean Choi
- Mental Health Data Science, Departments of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate Walsh
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Wall
- Mental Health Data Science, Departments of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claude Ann Mellins
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leigh Reardon
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - John Santelli
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer S Hirsch
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Patrick A Wilson
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168 St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
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9
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Hultgren BA, Scaglione NM, Buben A, Turrisi R. Examining protocol compliance and self-report congruence between daily diaries and event-contingent ecological momentary assessments of college student drinking. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106471. [PMID: 32526551 PMCID: PMC7919385 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily diaries and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) are frequently used to assess event-level college student drinking. While both methods have advantages, they also raise questions about data validity, particularly in regard to alcohol's impact on protocol compliance. The current study examined congruence in drinking behaviors reported via retrospective daily diaries and event-contingent drinking logs, protocol compliance with each method, and the extent to which alcohol consumption impacted compliance. METHODS Participants were first-semester college women (n = 69) who reported 4+ drinks during an occasion at least once in the past month. Participants reported the number of drinks consumed and subjective intoxication using a 14-day EMA protocol. Event-contingent drinking logs (via self-initiated EMA) assessed behavior immediately after each drinking event; daily diaries assessed behaviors from the previous day. Pairwise correlations examined congruence between drinking logs and corresponding daily dairies; protocol compliance was examined through descriptive analysis of data missingness; and multilevel regression models assessed the associations between protocol compliance, alcohol consumption, and subjective intoxication. RESULTS Drinking log and daily diary reports were highly correlated (r's = 0.70 to 0.93). On drinking days, diary reports had higher protocol compliance (96.0%) compared to momentary drinking logs (41.4%). Drinking log missingness was associated with greater alcohol use and subjective intoxication reported in the corresponding daily diary (p's < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Similarities in reports of alcohol consumption and subjective intoxication, coupled with higher missingness of momentary assessments suggest daily diaries may have methodological advantages and unique utility in supplementing momentary assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney A Hultgren
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Nichole M Scaglione
- Center on Social Determinants, Risk Behaviors, and Prevention Science RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Alex Buben
- Center on Social Determinants, Risk Behaviors, and Prevention Science RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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10
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An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Affect, Mental Health Symptoms, and Decisions to Drink Among First-Year College Women: A Pilot Study. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:753-764. [PMID: 30498934 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
College women experience more consequences (e.g., blacking out, unprotected/unwanted sex) on days when they engage in their heaviest drinking. To inform prevention efforts, research is needed to understand decision-making processes that influence women's drinking behaviors at the event level. The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to examine: (1) associations between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and decision-making processes on days leading up to, during, and following heavy drinking events; and (2) mental health symptoms as moderators of these associations. Female undergraduate drinkers (N = 57) completed a 14-day EMA protocol on their smartphones, which included three daily assessments of PA, NA, and willingness and intentions to drink. Trait anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured before the EMA protocol and assessed as moderators. Time-varying effect models were used to examine covariation among PA, NA, and willingness and intentions to drink on the days leading up to participants' heaviest drinking events, the day of the event itself, and the days following the event. Results revealed PA was positively associated with willingness to drink the 2 days before, the day of, and the day after the heaviest drinking event. Similar effects were observed for PA and intentions to drink. Trait anxiety moderated the association between PA and intentions to drink. Findings underscore that positive affect may influence drinking-related decision-making processes surrounding heavy drinking events, particularly in those college women low in anxiety. Results identify potential entry points for real-time intervention efforts targeting college women during times of elevated PA.
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Testa M, Livingston JA, Wang W. Dangerous Liaisons: The Role of Hookups and Heavy Episodic Drinking in College Sexual Victimization. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:492-507. [PMID: 31171730 PMCID: PMC6557280 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (HED) and hookups increase college women's vulnerability to sexual victimization. We examined whether the effect of HED on first year college sexual victimization severity was mediated via hookups, that is, casual sexual encounters between individuals not in a relationship. We also tested the hypothesis that greater sexual limit-setting would attenuate the positive effect of hookups on sexual victimization. Freshman women (N = 335) were recruited by e-mail to complete an online survey regarding their college drinking and sexual experiences. The effect of HED frequency on sexual victimization was completely mediated via hookups. There was a significant indirect path from HED to victimization via alcohol-involved hookups; the path through sober hookups was not significant. We found some support for the hypothesis that sexual limit-setting reduced the impact of hookups on sexual victimization severity. Findings suggest the importance of targeting sexual behavior, which frequently occurs in conjunction with drinking, as a way of preventing college sexual victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Weijun Wang
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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12
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Transitions in drinking behaviors across the college years: A latent transition analysis. Addict Behav 2019; 92:108-114. [PMID: 30611066 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College student alcohol use remains a considerable concern. While many colleges provide universal interventions surrounding matriculation, trends indicate alcohol use increases over the college years. This study utilized a person-centered approach to examine changes in drinking across college and predictors (expectancies, attitudes, norms, and gender) of increases in risky drinking. Understanding transitions in drinking patterns and predictors of risky transitions can help identify risky students, periods of increased risk, and inform prevention efforts. METHOD 1429 first-year students were recruited from three universities across the USA. Students were assessed in the fall of each of the four years of college using a wide variety of drinking-related measures. RESULTS Latent transition analysis (LTA) identified five classes of students (Non-Drinkers, Weekend Light Drinkers, Weekend Heavy Drinkers, Occasional Heavy Episodic Drinkers, Heavy Drinkers). Heavy-Drinkers were not likely to move out of their status during all four years of college. All psychosocial factors were shown to predict class membership during the first year (e.g., higher positive expectancies were associated with greater likelihood of being in a higher risk class). Increased psychosocial risk factors also predicted transitioning to higher risk drinking classes, mostly for Non-Drinkers. Differences by gender were observed. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate many students maintain or increase risky drinking practices, rather than mature out, suggesting continued need for early prevention. Targeting positive attitudes during the first year may be particularly important for later transitions. Males may benefit more from targeted intervention during the transition between third and fourth years.
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13
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Gruenewald PJ, Mair C. Heterogeneous Dose-Response Analyses of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:299-308. [PMID: 30556903 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survey-based estimates of the prevalence of alcohol abuse, dependence, and disorders in the United States rely upon self-reports of drinking patterns (e.g., binge drinking), social problems (e.g., trouble at work), physiological responses to use (e.g., tolerance), and desistance from use (e.g., withdrawal). Diagnostic criteria derived from these reports enable prevalence estimates of abuse and dependence, but moderating structural relationships among symptom groups may lead some light and moderate drinkers to appear to exhibit an alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS A dynamic model of drinking and problems predicts that symptoms of dependence will moderate relationships between drinking measures and symptoms of abuse. Wave 1 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions data on DSM-IV diagnoses of abuse and dependence were used to test predictions from this model and assess whether moderating effects were observed among lighter and heavier drinkers (those who drink 1 to 3 vs. 4 or more drinks on average). A dose-response model that accounts for other known sources of risk heterogeneity related to drinking and problems enabled us to test these predictions. RESULTS As expected from previous work, symptoms of abuse and dependence and dependence criteria were nonlinearly related to drinking patterns; more symptom reports appeared and criteria were met among less frequent drinkers who drank more on each occasion and this pattern of dose-response was substantially moderated among heavier drinkers. Controlling for these effects, relationships between drinking and symptoms of abuse were moderated among respondents who met more dependence criteria. These effects were observed among both lighter and heavier drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Moderating relationships observed between measures of drinking, abuse, and dependence criteria among lighter and heavier drinkers suggest that the same etiologic forces are at play among all drinking groups. Greater symptoms of dependence among lighter drinkers may lead to greater reports of symptoms of abuse and an AUD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Gruenewald
- Prevention Research Center , Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences , Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Ngo QM, Ramirez JI, Stein SF, Cunningham RM, Chermack ST, Singh V, Walton MA. Understanding the Role of Alcohol, Anxiety, and Trait Mindfulness in the Perpetration of Physical and Sexual Dating Violence in Emerging Adults. Violence Against Women 2019; 24:1166-1186. [PMID: 30037316 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218781886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examines alcohol consumption, anxiety, trait mindfulness, and physical and sexual dating violence aggression (PDV and SDV) among 735 emerging adults (18-25 years) in an urban emergency department. Of the total sample, 27.2% perpetrated PDV and 16.5% perpetrated SDV. Alcohol was positively associated with PDV/SDV. Anxiety was positively associated with PDV. Mindfulness was negatively associated with PDV/SDV. Interaction analyses revealed women had lower PDV with higher nonjudgment facet of mindfulness. Higher act aware was associated with lower PDV regardless of high versus low alcohol. Findings indicate different contributing factors among perpetrators of PDV/SDV; some factors may be attenuated by mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen M Ngo
- 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca M Cunningham
- 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,2 Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Stephen T Chermack
- 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,3 Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Haas AL, Barthel JM, Taylor S. Sex and Drugs and Starting School: Differences in Precollege Alcohol-Related Sexual Risk Taking by Gender and Recent Blackout Activity. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:741-751. [PMID: 27715330 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1228797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated a link between alcohol use and multiple forms of risky sexual behavior, particularly among college-age individuals. Studies have also linked heavy alcohol use to other problems, such as impaired consciousness resulting from an alcohol-induced blackout, which may impact sexual decision making. However, research has rarely examined sexual risk taking (SRT) in relation to blackouts, nor has it examined this construct during the precollege transition (i.e., the interval of time between high school graduation and college matriculation). This study examined the intersection between alcohol-involved SRT, blackouts, and gender in a sample of precollege individuals with prior alcohol use (N = 229; 54% male, 63% White). Results indicated that, despite drinking less per occasion, women reporting recent blackouts were at increased risk for experiencing unwanted, unsafe, and regretted sexual behaviors compared to men with recent blackouts and their peers with no recent blackouts. Women with recent blackouts also reported differences in alcohol expectancies that may increase their risk for experiencing negative consequences while drinking, including higher social expectancies and lower negative expectancies of danger. Future directions for research and implications for precollege interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie L Haas
- a Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University
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