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Sui Y, Feng X, Ma Y, Zou Y, Liu Y, Huang J, Zhu X, Wang J. BHBA attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis in a mouse model of heat stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14840. [PMID: 38973202 PMCID: PMC11228358 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress (HS) commonly occurs as a severe pathological response when the body's sensible temperature exceeds its thermoregulatory capacity, leading to the development of chronic brain inflammation, known as neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that HS leads to the disruption of the gut microbiota, whereas abnormalities in the gut microbiota have been demonstrated to affect neuroinflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of HS on neuroinflammation are poorly studied. Meanwhile, effective interventions have been unclear. β-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) has been found to have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies. This study aims to explore the modulatory effects of BHBA on neuroinflammation induced by HS and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS An in vivo and in vitro model of HS was constructed under the precondition of BHBA pretreatment. The modulatory effects of BHBA on HS-induced neuroinflammation were explored and the underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated by flow cytometry, WB, qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe assay, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of colonic contents. RESULTS Heat stress was found to cause gut microbiota disruption in HS mouse models, and TM7 and [Previotella] spp. may be the best potential biomarkers for assessing the occurrence of HS. Fecal microbiota transplantation associated with BHBA effectively reversed the disruption of gut microbiota in HS mice. Moreover, BHBA may inhibit microglia hyperactivation, suppress neuroinflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and reduce the expression of cortical endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers (GRP78 and CHOP) mainly through its modulatory effects on the gut microbiota (TM7, Lactobacillus spp., Ruminalococcus spp., and Prevotella spp.). In vitro experiments revealed that BHBA (1 mM) raised the expression of the ERS marker GRP78, enhanced cellular activity, and increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), while also inhibiting HS-induced apoptosis, ROS production, and excessive release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in mouse BV2 cells. CONCLUSION β-Hydroxybutyric acid may be an effective agent for preventing neuroinflammation in HS mice, possibly due to its ability to inhibit ERS and subsequent microglia neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. These findings lay the groundwork for future research and development of BHBA as a preventive drug for HS and provide fresh insights into techniques for treating neurological illnesses by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Sui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yimeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Zou H, Hu R, Dong X, Shah AM, Wang Z, Ma J, Peng Q, Xue B, Wang L, Zhang X, Zeng S, Wang X, Shi J, Li F. Lipid Catabolism in Starved Yak Is Inhibited by Intravenous Infusion of β-Hydroxybutyrate. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010136. [PMID: 31952136 PMCID: PMC7022817 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Yak, which is the predominant and semi-domesticated livestock on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, suffers severe starvation and body weight reduction in the cold season because of the harsh highland environment. Lipids are important energy sources to starvation animals. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) that is derived from lipid decomposition as the primary ketone body is with the function not only to provide energy for animals as energy materials, but also regulate lipid metabolism as signaling molecular. However, the effects of starvation and BHBA on lipid metabolism and its mechanism are still unclear for ruminant animals. Herein, we investigated the effects of starvation and intravenous infusion of BHBA solution on Yak growth, serum biochemistry, hormones, subcutaneous adipocyte morphology, fatty acid composition, activity of enzymes related to lipid metabolism, and signal pathway. The results showed that starvation promoted lipid catabolism and BHBA infusion up-regulated the mRNA expression of receptor GPR109A in subcutaneous adipose tissue, inhibited the Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/Protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway, and inhibited lipolysis. Our study was beneficial for enriching the nutrition regulation theory of yaks and improving their growth potential. Abstract Lipid is the chief energy source for starved animals. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) is the main ketone body produced by lipid decomposition. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell experiment, it was found that BHBA could be used not only as an energy substance, but also as a ligand of GPR109A for regulating lipid metabolism. However, whether BHBA can regulate lipid metabolism of yaks, and its effective concentration and signal pathway are not clear. This study investigated the effects and mechanism of starvation and BHBA on the lipid metabolism of yak. Eighteen male Jiulong yaks were selected and then randomly divided into three groups: normal feeding group (NG), starvation group (SG), and starvation with BHBA infusion group (SBG). The yaks in the NG group were freely fed during the trial, while the yaks in the SG and SBG groups fasted; from 7th to 9th days of the experiment, the NG and SG were infused continuous with 0.9% normal saline and SBG was infused 1.7 mmol/L BHBA solution respectively. The blood samples were collected on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th day of experiment. The subcutaneous adipose tissue of all the yaks in this study were taken from live bodies after infusion. Serum glucose, lipid metabolites, hormone concentrations, and mRNA and protein expressions of key factors of lipid metabolism and signaling pathway in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured. The results showed that, as compared with NG, starvation significantly reduced the body weight of yak in SG, and significantly increased the concentration of BHBA in serum and the mRNA expression of PKA and CREB1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while the mRNA expression of MEK, PKC, ERK1/2, the area of adipocytes, and the proportion of saturated fatty acid were decreased. Whereas, further increase of BHBA concentration through infusion promoted the mRNA expression of GPR109A receptor in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of SBG, inhibited the mRNA expression of AC and PKA, and decreased the phosphorylation protein abundance of CREB1, and significantly increased the diameter and area of adipocytes. These findings suggest that starvation led to enhanced lipid catabolism in yaks. An increasing BHBA concentration could increase the mRNA expression of GPR109A receptor in subcutaneous adipose tissue and inhibit the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway and lipid decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zou
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Rui Hu
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Xianwen Dong
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
- Department of Livestock Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jian Ma
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Quanhui Peng
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Bai Xue
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Lizhi Wang
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Shaoyu Zeng
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Xueying Wang
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Junhua Shi
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengpeng Li
- “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 61130, China; (H.Z.); (R.H.); (X.D.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (Q.P.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.W.); (J.S.); (F.L.)
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Rojas-Morales P, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. β-Hydroxybutyrate: A signaling metabolite in starvation response? Cell Signal 2016; 28:917-23. [PMID: 27083590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate are important metabolic substrates for energy production during prolonged fasting. However, BHB also has signaling functions. Through several metabolic pathways or processes, BHB modulates nutrient utilization and energy expenditure. These findings suggest that BHB is not solely a metabolic intermediate, but also acts as a signal to regulate metabolism and maintain energy homeostasis during nutrient deprivation. We briefly summarize the metabolism and emerging physiological functions of ketone bodies and highlight the potential role for BHB as a signaling molecule in starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología - Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Mestdagh R, Dumas ME, Rezzi S, Kochhar S, Holmes E, Claus SP, Nicholson JK. Gut microbiota modulate the metabolism of brown adipose tissue in mice. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:620-30. [PMID: 22053906 DOI: 10.1021/pr200938v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A two by two experimental study has been designed to determine the effect of gut microbiota on energy metabolism in mouse models. The metabolic phenotype of germ-free (GF, n = 20) and conventional (n = 20) mice was characterized using a NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling approach, with a focus on sexual dimorphism (20 males, 20 females) and energy metabolism in urine, plasma, liver, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Physiological data of age-matched GF and conventional mice showed that male animals had a higher weight than females in both groups. In addition, conventional males had a significantly higher total body fat content (TBFC) compared to conventional females, whereas this sexual dimorphism disappeared in GF animals (i.e., male GF mice had a TBFC similar to those of conventional and GF females). Profiling of BAT hydrophilic extracts revealed that sexual dimorphism in normal mice was absent in GF animals, which also displayed lower BAT lactate levels and higher levels of (D)-3-hydroxybutyrate in liver, plasma, and BAT, together with lower circulating levels of VLDL. These data indicate that the gut microbiota modulate the lipid metabolism in BAT, as the absence of gut microbiota stimulated both hepatic and BAT lipolysis while inhibiting lipogenesis. We also demonstrated that (1)H NMR metabolic profiles of BAT were excellent predictors of BW and TBFC, indicating the potential of BAT to fight against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Mestdagh
- Division of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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