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Tan S, Porter T, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Milicic L, Brown A, Rainey-Smith SR, Taddei K, Ames D, Masters CL, Maruff P, Savage G, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Brown B, Sohrabi HR, Laws SM, Martins RN. Androgen receptor CAG repeat length as a moderator of the relationship between free testosterone levels and cognition. Horm Behav 2021; 131:104966. [PMID: 33714752 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related decrease in testosterone levels is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline in older men. However, observational studies and clinical trials have reported inconsistent results on the effects of testosterone on individual cognitive domains. Null findings may be attributed to factors that studies have yet to consider. In particular, individual variations in polyglutamine (CAG) length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene could alter androgenic activity in brain regions associated with cognitive processes including memory and executive functions. However, the role of AR CAG repeat length as a moderator of the relationship between testosterone levels and cognition has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between baseline calculated free testosterone (cFT) levels, change in cFT levels over 18 months and CAG repeat length on cognitive performance in memory, executive function, language, attention and processing speed domains. These relationships were examined in 304 cognitively normal older male participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study of Ageing. In the attention and processing speed domain, a short CAG repeat length appears to exacerbate the effects of low baseline cFT levels that are also lower than expected at follow-up. These results highlight that individual variations in AR CAG repeat length should be considered in future studies and clinical trials that examine the complex relationship between testosterone and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn Tan
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ailsa Brown
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; National Ageing Research Institute (NARI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; CogState Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine & Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine & Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Brinton LA, Key TJ, Kolonel LN, Michels KB, Sesso HD, Ursin G, Van Den Eeden SK, Wood SN, Falk RT, Parisi D, Guillemette C, Caron P, Turcotte V, Habel LA, Isaacs CJ, Riboli E, Weiderpass E, Cook MB. Prediagnostic Sex Steroid Hormones in Relation to Male Breast Cancer Risk. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2041-50. [PMID: 25964249 PMCID: PMC4461805 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although previous studies have implicated a variety of hormone-related risk factors in the etiology of male breast cancers, no previous studies have examined the effects of endogenous hormones. PATIENTS AND METHODS Within the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project, an international consortium comprising 21 case-control and cohort investigations, a subset of seven prospective cohort studies were able to contribute prediagnostic serum or plasma samples for hormone quantitation. Using a nested case-control design, multivariable unconditional logistic regression analyses estimated odds ratios and 95% CIs for associations between male breast cancer risk and 11 individual estrogens and androgens, as well as selected ratios of these analytes. RESULTS Data from 101 cases and 217 matched controls were analyzed. After adjustment for age and date of blood draw, race, and body mass index, androgens were found to be largely unrelated to risk, but circulating estradiol levels showed a significant association. Men in the highest quartile had an odds ratio of 2.47 (95% CI, 1.10 to 5.58) compared with those in the lowest quartile (trend P = .06). Assessment of estradiol as a ratio to various individual androgens or sum of androgens showed no further enhancement of risk. These relations were not significantly modified by either age or body mass index, although estradiol was slightly more strongly related to breast cancers occurring among younger (age < 67 years) than older men. CONCLUSION Our results support the notion of an important role for estradiol in the etiology of male breast cancers, similar to female breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Brinton
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
| | - Tim J Key
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Karin B Michels
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Giske Ursin
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Stephen K Van Den Eeden
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shannon N Wood
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Roni T Falk
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Dominick Parisi
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Patrick Caron
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Véronique Turcotte
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Claudine J Isaacs
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Elio Riboli
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Michael B Cook
- Louise A. Brinton, Shannon N. Wood, Roni T. Falk, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Dominick Parisi, Information Management Services, Rockville, MD; Tim J. Key, University of Oxford, Oxford; Elio Riboli, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laurence N. Kolonel, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Karin B. Michels, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health; Karin B. Michels and Howard D. Sesso, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Giske Ursin, University of Oslo; Giske Ursin and Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo; University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Samfundet Folkhalsan, Helsinki, Finland; Giske Ursin, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Stephen K. Van Den Eeden and Laurel A. Habel, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, and Véronique Turcotte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Claudine J. Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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