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Matos MDL, Pinto M, Alves M, Canberk S, Gonçalves A, Bugalho MJ, Papoila AL, Soares P. Cyto-Histological Profile of MicroRNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:389. [PMID: 38540448 PMCID: PMC10970297 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The repertoire of microRNAs (miRNAs) in thyroid carcinomas starts to be elucidated. Among differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent. The assessment of miRNAs expression may contribute to refine the pre-surgical diagnosis in order to obtain a personalized and more effective treatment for patients. AIMS This study aims to evaluate (1) the miRNAs in a series of DTCs, and their association with the presence of selected genetic mutations in order to improve diagnosis and predict the biologic behavior of DTC/PTC. (2) The reliability of molecular tests in Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (US-FNAC) for a more precise preoperative diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This series includes 176 samples (98 cytology and 78 histology samples) obtained from 106 patients submitted to surgery, including 13 benign lesions (controls) and 93 DTCs (cases). The microRNA expression was assessed for miR-146b, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-15a through quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results were analyzed by the 2-ΔΔCT method, using miR16 as an endogenous control. Regarding PTC diagnosis, the discriminative ability of miRNAs expression was assessed by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC). In PTCs, the association of miRNAs expression, clinicopathological features, and genetic mutations (BRAF, RAS, and TERTp) was evaluated. RESULTS/DISCUSSION All the analyzed miRNAs presented a tendency to be overexpressed in DTCs/PTCs when compared with benign lesions, both in cytology and histology samples. In cytology, miRNAs expression levels were higher in malignant tumors than in benign tumors. In histology, the discriminative abilities regarding PTC diagnosis were as follows: miR-146b (AUC 0.94, 95% CI 0.87-1), miR-221 (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.9), miR-222 (AUC 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.89), and miR-15a (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.97). miR-146b showed 89% sensitivity (se) and 87% specificity (sp); miR-221 se = 68.4, sp = 90; miR-222 se = 73, sp = 70; and mi-R15a se = 72, sp = 80. MicroRNAs were associated with worst-prognosis clinicopathological characteristics in PTCs (p < 0.05), particularly for miR-222. Our data reveal a significant association between higher expression levels of miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222 in the presence of the BRAF mutation (p < 0.001) and miR-146b (p = 0.016) and miR-221 (p = 0.010) with the RAS mutation, suggesting an interplay of these mutations with miRNAs expression. Despite this study having a relatively small sample size, overexpression of miRNAs in cytology may contribute to a more precise preoperative diagnosis. The miRNAs presented a good discriminative ability in PTC diagnosis. The association between the miRNAs expression profile and genetic alterations can be advantageous for an accurate diagnosis of DTCs/PTCs in FNAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Lurdes Matos
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hospital Curry Cabral, Unidade Saúde Local São José, Centro Clínico e Académico de Lisboa, 1050-166 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Pinto
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (i3S), Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Marta Alves
- Gabinete de Estatística do Centro de Investigação, Unidade Saúde Local São José, Nova Medical School, Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), 1169-166 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.A.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Sule Canberk
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (i3S), Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Ana Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Bugalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Unidade Saúde Local Santa Maria and Medical Faculty, University of Lisbon, 1069-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Luísa Papoila
- Gabinete de Estatística do Centro de Investigação, Unidade Saúde Local São José, Nova Medical School, Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), 1169-166 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.A.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (i3S), Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (S.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Fan Y, Fan X, Yan H, Liu Z, Wang X, Yuan Q, Xie J, Lu X, Yang Y. Hypermethylation of microRNA-497-3p contributes to progression of thyroid cancer through activation of PAK1/β-catenin. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1979-1994. [PMID: 35066776 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-497 (miR-497) has been reported to be a tumor-suppressive miRNA in thyroid cancer (TC), yet the mechanism is not clearly defined. In this study, we aim to determine the mechanism by which miR-497-3p affects the progression of TC. After characterization of low miR-497-3p expression pattern in TC and normal tissues, we assessed the correlation between miR-497-3p expression and clinicopathological features of TC patients. Its low expression shared associations with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. ChIP and methylation-specific PCR provided data showing that downregulation of miR-497-3p in TC tissues was induced by DNA methyltransferase-mediated hypermethylation. By performing dual-luciferase reporter assay, we identified that miR-497-3p targeted PAK1 while PAK1 could inhibit β-catenin expression. Through this mechanism, miR-497-3p exerted the anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, pro-apoptotic, and anti-tumorigenic effects on TC cells on the strength of the results from gain-of-function and rescue experiments. This study suggested that hypermethylation of miR-497-3p resulted in upregulation of β-catenin dependent on PAK1 and contributed to cancer progression in TC, which highlighted one of miR-mediated tumorigenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Fan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Yuan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubo Lu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
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Ruiz-Pozo VA, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Paz-Cruz E, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Zambrano AK. Differential microRNA expression for diagnosis and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1139362. [PMID: 37089590 PMCID: PMC10113479 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1139362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer accounts for 85% of thyroid cancer. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound methods and tumor biopsies (FNA). In recent years, research has revealed the importance of miRNAs, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and are involved in many diseases. The present mini review describes upregulated and downregulated miRNAs expression in papillary thyroid cancer patient samples (tissue, serum, plasma) and the genes regulated by these non-coding molecules. In addition, a bibliographic search was performed to identify the expression of miRNAs that are common in tumor tissue and blood. The miRNAs miR-146b, miR-221-3p, miRNA 222, miR-21, miR-296-5p, and miR-145 are common in both tissue and bloodstream of PTC patient samples. Furthermore, these miRNAs regulate genes involved in biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In conclusion, miRNAs could potentially become valuable biomarkers, which could help in the early diagnosis and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer.
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Ahmed R, Samanta S, Banerjee J, Kar SS, Dash SK. Modulatory role of miRNAs in thyroid and breast cancer progression and insights into their therapeutic manipulation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100131. [PMID: 36568259 PMCID: PMC9780070 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, thyroid cancer has become one of the most common types of endocrine cancer, contributing to an increase in prevalence. In the year 2020, there were 586,202 newly diagnosed cases of thyroid cancer around the world. This constituted approximately 3.0% of all patients diagnosed with cancer. The World Health Organization reported that there will be 2.3 million women receiving treatment for breast cancer in 2020, with 685,000. Despite the fact that carcinoma is one of the world's leading causes of death, there is still a paucity of information about its biology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are non-coding RNAs that can reduce gene expression by cleaving the 3' untranslated regions of mRNA. These factors make them a potential protein translation inhibitor. Diverse biological mechanisms implicated in the genesis of cancer are modulated by miRNA. The investigation of global miRNA expression in cancer showed regulatory activity through up regulation and down-regulation in several cancers, including thyroid cancer and breast cancer. In thyroid cancer, miRNA influences several cancers related signaling pathways through modulating MAPK, PI3K, and the RAS pathway. In breast cancer, the regulatory activity of miRNA was played through the cyclin protein family, protein kinases and their inhibitors, and other growth promoters or suppressors, which modulated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. This article's goal is to discuss key miRNA expressions that are involved in the development of thyroid and breast cancer as well as their therapeutic manipulation for these two specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubai Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sovan Samanta
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvrendu Sankar Kar
- Department of Medicine, R.G.Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700004, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, West Bengal, India,Corresponding author.
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De Martino M, Esposito F, Capone M, Pallante P, Fusco A. Noncoding RNAs in Thyroid-Follicular-Cell-Derived Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133079. [PMID: 35804851 PMCID: PMC9264824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid tumors represent the most common neoplastic pathology of the endocrine system. Mutations occurring in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are responsible for thyroid carcinogenesis; however, the complete mutational landscape characterizing these neoplasias has not been completely unveiled. It has been established that only the 2% of the human genome codes for proteins, suggesting that the vast majority of the genome has regulatory capabilities, which, if altered, could account for the onset of cancer. Hence, many scientific efforts are currently focused on the characterization of the heterogeneous class of noncoding RNAs, which represent an abundant part of the transcribed noncoding genome. In this review, we mainly focus on the involvement of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and pseudogenes in thyroid cancer. The determination of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of thyroid cancers based on the evaluation of the noncoding RNA network could allow the implementation of a more personalized approach to fighting these pathologies. Abstract Among the thyroid neoplasias originating from follicular cells, we can include well-differentiated carcinomas, papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) thyroid carcinomas, and the undifferentiated anaplastic (ATC) carcinomas. Several mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have already been observed in these malignancies; however, we are still far from the comprehension of their full regulation-altered landscape. Even if only 2% of the human genome has the ability to code for proteins, most of the noncoding genome is transcribed, constituting the heterogeneous class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), whose alterations are associated with the development of several human diseases, including cancer. Hence, many scientific efforts are currently focused on the elucidation of their biological role. In this review, we analyze the scientific literature regarding the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and pseudogenes in FTC, PTC, and ATC. Recent findings emphasized the role of lncRNAs in all steps of cancer progression. In particular, lncRNAs may control progression steps by regulating the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and metastatization. In conclusion, the determination of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer based on the evaluation of the ncRNA network could allow the implementation of a more personalized approach to fighting thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Martino
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Capone
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.F.)
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Kononchuk VV, Kopeikina EV, Kalinina TS, Saik OV, Alekseenok EY, Kolyagina MK, Matashova VA, Shevchenko SP, Gulyaeva LF, Kushlinskii NE. Search for New Target Genes of MicroRNA for Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Thyroid Gland by In Silico Methods. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:246-251. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nieto HR, Thornton CEM, Brookes K, Nobre de Menezes A, Fletcher A, Alshahrani M, Kocbiyik M, Sharma N, Boelaert K, Cazier JB, Mehanna H, Smith VE, Read ML, McCabe CJ. Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Appraisal of Risk Factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1392-1406. [PMID: 34791326 PMCID: PMC9016467 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid cancer recurrence is associated with increased mortality and adverse outcomes. Recurrence risk is currently predicted using clinical tools, often restaging patients after treatment. Detailed understanding of recurrence risk at disease onset could lead to personalized and improved patient care. OBJECTIVE We aimed to perform a comprehensive bioinformatic and experimental analysis of 3 levels of genetic change (mRNA, microRNA, and somatic mutation) apparent in recurrent tumors and construct a new combinatorial prognostic risk model. METHODS We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas data (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed genes (mRNA/microRNA) in 46 recurrent vs 455 nonrecurrent thyroid tumors. Two exonic mutational pipelines were used to identify somatic mutations. Functional gene analysis was performed in cell-based assays in multiple thyroid cell lines. The prognostic value of genes was evaluated with TCGA datasets. RESULTS We identified 128 new potential biomarkers associated with recurrence, including 40 mRNAs, 39 miRNAs, and 59 genetic variants. Among differentially expressed genes, modulation of FN1, ITGα3, and MET had a significant impact on thyroid cancer cell migration. Similarly, ablation of miR-486 and miR-1179 significantly increased migration of TPC-1 and SW1736 cells. We further utilized genes with a validated functional role and identified a 5-gene risk score classifier as an independent predictor of thyroid cancer recurrence. CONCLUSION Our newly proposed risk model based on combinatorial mRNA and microRNA expression has potential clinical utility as a prognostic indicator of recurrence. These findings should facilitate earlier prediction of recurrence with implications for improving patient outcome by tailoring treatment to disease risk and increasing posttreatment surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Nieto
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Caitlin E M Thornton
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katie Brookes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Albert Nobre de Menezes
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alice Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Merve Kocbiyik
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neil Sharma
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vicki E Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin L Read
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher J McCabe
- Correspondence: Christopher J. McCabe, BSc, PhD, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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hsa-miR-206b Involves in the Development of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via Targeting LMX1B. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7488708. [PMID: 35342753 PMCID: PMC8948606 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7488708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine system malignant thyroid cancer, and patients with lymph node metastasis typically exhibit poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors in PTC. This study was aimed at using PTC transcriptome data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed, survival-related miRNAs and target genes. Methods We analyzed the TCGA datasets to identify differentially expressed mRNAs/miRNAs in 493 PTC patients with stage I_II group (stages I and II) versus stage III_IV group (stages III and IV) according to TNM staging. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the Cox regression analysis, and the log-rank test were performed to investigate survival-related miRNAs. Results We identified 36 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in the stage I_II group versus the stage III_IV group, in which 31 were upregulated and only 5 were downregulated (i.e., hsa-miR-891a-5p, hsa-miR-892a, hsa-miR-888-5p, hsa-miR-891b, and hsa-miR-892b). Additionally, five signature miRNAs (hsa-miR-206, hsa-miR-299-3p, hsa-miR-299-5p, hsa-miR-496, and hsa-miR-509-3-5p) were associated with the overall survival of PTC patients. We also found that LMX1B, whose expression was inversely correlated with hsa-miR-206 expression, was a putative target gene of hsa-miR-206 and LMX1B was likely to serve as a tumor suppressor in PTC. Conclusion hsa-miR-206b might be involved in promoting TNM staging in PTC via targeting of LMX1B.
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Gunel NS, Birden N, Kurt CC, Bagca BG, Shademan B, Sogutlu F, Ozates NP, Avci CB. Effect of valproic acid on miRNAs affecting histone deacetylase in a model of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6085-6091. [PMID: 34374891 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system seen in the thyroid gland. More than 90% of thyroid cancers comprise papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Although anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for less than 2% of thyroid cancer. But patients' lifespan after diagnosis is about 6 months. Surgical interventions, radioactive iodine use, and chemotherapy are not sufficient in the treatment of ATC, so alternative therapies are needed. METHODS AND RESULTS The WST-1 assay test was performed to evaluate the anti-proliferative effects of Valproic acid (VPA). Also, the effect of VPA on miRNAs affecting histone deacetylase was determined by Quantitative RT-PCR. In the SW1736 cell line, IC50 dose for VPA was found 1.6 mg/ml. In our study, the level of oncogenic genes expression in cells treated with VPA, including miR-184, miR-222-5p, miR-124-3p, and miR-328-3p, decreased. Also, the expression of tumor inhibitory genes including miR-323-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-217, miR-15a-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-324-5p and miR-101-5p increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS VPA can ad-just countless gene expression patterns, including microRNAs (miRNAs), by targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC). However, further studies are required for more accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Selvi Gunel
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nihal Birden
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey.
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MiR-181a-5p Regulates NIS Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116067. [PMID: 34199867 PMCID: PMC8200107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NIS is a potent iodide transporter encoded by the SLC5A5 gene. Its expression is reduced in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study we analyzed the impact of miR-181a-5p on NIS expression in the context of PTC. We used real-time PCR to analyze the expression of SLC5A5 and miR-181a-5p in 49 PTC/normal tissue pairs. Luciferase assays and mutagenesis were performed to confirm direct binding of miR-181a-5p to the 3′UTR of SLC5A5 and identify the binding site. The impact of modulation of miR-181a-5p using appropriate plasmids on endogenous NIS and radioactive iodine accumulation was verified. We confirmed downregulation of SLC5A5 and concomitant upregulation of miR-181a-5p in PTC. Broadly used algorithms did not predict the binding site of miR-181a-5p in 3′UTR of SLC5A5, but we identified and confirmed the binding site through mutagenesis using luciferase assays. In MCF7 and HEK293-flhNIS cell lines, transfection with mir-181a-expressing plasmid decreased endogenous SLC5A5, whereas silencing of miR-181a-5p increased it. We observed similar tendencies in protein expression and radioactive iodine accumulation. This study shows for the first time that miR-181a-5p directly regulates SLC5A5 expression in the context of PTC and may decrease efficacy of radioiodine treatment. Accordingly, miR-181a-5p may serve as an emerging target to enhance the efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy.
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Reda El Sayed S, Cristante J, Guyon L, Denis J, Chabre O, Cherradi N. MicroRNA Therapeutics in Cancer: Current Advances and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112680. [PMID: 34072348 PMCID: PMC8198729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a complex disease associated with deregulation of numerous genes. In addition, redundant cellular pathways limit efficiency of monotarget drugs in cancer therapy. MicroRNAs are a class of gene expression regulators, which often function by targeting multiple genes. This feature makes them a double-edged sword (a) as attractive targets for anti-tumor therapy and concomitantly (b) as risky targets due to their potential side effects on healthy tissues. As for conventional antitumor drugs, nanocarriers have been developed to circumvent the problems associated with miRNA delivery to tumors. In this review, we highlight studies that have established the pre-clinical proof-of concept of miRNAs as relevant therapeutic targets in oncology. Particular attention was brought to new strategies based on nanovectorization of miRNAs as well as to the perspectives for their applications. Abstract The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 has challenged the dogma of gene expression regulation. MiRNAs affect most of cellular processes from metabolism, through cell proliferation and differentiation, to cell death. In cancer, deregulated miRNA expression leads to tumor development and progression by promoting acquisition of cancer hallmark traits. The multi-target action of miRNAs, which enable regulation of entire signaling networks, makes them attractive tools for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Hence, supplementing downregulated miRNA by synthetic oligonucleotides or silencing overexpressed miRNAs through artificial antagonists became a common strategy in cancer research. However, the ultimate success of miRNA therapeutics will depend on solving pharmacokinetic and targeted delivery issues. The development of a number of nanocarrier-based platforms holds significant promises to enhance the cell specific controlled delivery and safety profile of miRNA-based therapies. In this review, we provide among the most comprehensive assessments to date of promising nanomedicine platforms that have been tested preclinically, pertaining to the treatment of selected solid tumors including lung, liver, breast, and glioblastoma tumors as well as endocrine malignancies. The future challenges and potential applications in clinical oncology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Reda El Sayed
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Justine Cristante
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Service d’Endocrinologie, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Josiane Denis
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
| | - Olivier Chabre
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Service d’Endocrinologie, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Cherradi
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Biology and Biotechnologies for Health UMR_1292, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.R.E.S.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (J.D.); (O.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-38783501; Fax: +33-(0)4-38785058
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Karkhane M, Lashgarian HE, Hormozi M, Fallahi S, Cheraghipour K, Marzban A. Oncogenesis and Tumor Inhibition by MicroRNAs and its Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Systematic Review. Microrna 2021; 9:198-215. [PMID: 31686643 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666191104103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs appear as small molecule modifiers, which improve many new findings and mechanical illustrations for critically important biological phenomena and pathologic events. The best-characterized non-coding RNA family consists of about 2600 human microRNAs. Rich evidence has revealed their crucial importance in maintaining normal development, differentiation, growth control, aging, modulation of cell survival or apoptosis, as well as migration and metastasis as microRNAs dysregulation leads to cancer incidence and progression. By far, microRNAs have recently emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The rationale for developing microRNA therapeutics is based on the premise that aberrantly expressed microRNAs play a significant role in the emergence of a variety of human diseases ranging from cardiovascular defects to cancer, and that repairing these microRNA deficiencies by either antagonizing or restoring microRNA function may yield a therapeutic benefit. Although microRNA antagonists are conceptually similar to other inhibitory therapies, improving the performance of microRNAs by microRNA replacement or inhibition that is a less well- described attitude. In this assay, we have condensed the last global knowledge and concepts regarding the involvement of microRNAs in cancer emergence, which has been achieved from the previous studies, consisting of the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and the DNA damage response and the disruption of profile expression in human cancer. Here, we have reviewed the special characteristics of microRNA replacement and inhibition therapies and discussed explorations linked with the delivery of microRNA mimics in turmeric cells. Besides, the achievement of biomarkers based on microRNAs in clinics is considered as novel non-invasive biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhane
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hormozi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kourosh Cheraghipour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Marzban
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Epigenetic signature associated with thyroid cancer progression and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:261-268. [PMID: 33785448 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is not among the top cancers in terms of diagnosis or mortality but it still ranks fifth among the cancers diagnosed in women. Infact, women are more likely to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer than the males. The burden of thyroid cancer has dramatically increased in last two decades in China and, in the United States, it is the most diagnosed cancer in young adults under the age of twenty-nine. All these factors make it worthwhile to fully understand the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer. Towards this end, microRNAs (miRNAs) have constantly emerged as the non-coding RNAs of interest in various thyroid cancer subtypes on which there have been numerous investigations over the last decade and half. This comprehensive review takes a look at the current knowledge on the topic with cataloging of miRNAs known so far, particularly related to their utility as epigenetic signatures of thyroid cancer progression and metastasis. Such information could be of immense use for the eventual development of miRNAs as therapeutic targets or even therapeutic agents for thyroid cancer therapy.
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Colombo C, Minna E, Gargiuli C, Muzza M, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Pogliaghi G, Tosi D, Bulfamante G, Greco A, Fugazzola L, Borrello MG. The molecular and gene/miRNA expression profiles of radioiodine resistant papillary thyroid cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:245. [PMID: 33198784 PMCID: PMC7667839 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent endocrine tumor. Radioiodine (RAI) treatment is highly effective in these tumors, but up to 60% of metastatic cases become RAI-refractory. Scanty data are available on either the molecular pattern of radioiodine refractory papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) or the mechanisms responsible for RAI resistance. Methods We analyzed the molecular profile and gene/miRNA expression in primary PTCs, synchronous and RAI-refractory lymph node metastases (LNMs) in correlation to RAI avidity or refractoriness. We classified patients as RAI+/D+ (RAI uptake/disease persistence), RAI−/D+ (absent RAI uptake/disease persistence), and RAI+/D- (RAI uptake/disease remission), and analyzed the molecular and gene/miRNA profiles, and the expression of thyroid differentiation (TD) related genes. Results A different molecular profile according to the RAI class was observed: BRAFV600E cases were more frequent in RAI−/D+ (P = 0.032), and fusion genes in RAI+/D+ cases. RAI+/D- patients were less frequently pTERT mutations positive, and more frequently wild type for the tested mutations/fusions. Expression profiles clearly distinguished PTC from normal thyroid. On the other hand, in refractory cases (RAI+/D+ and RAI−/D+) no distinctive PTC expression patterns were associated with either tissue type, or RAI uptake, but with the driving lesion and BRAF−/RAS-like subtype. Primary tumors and RAI-refractory LNMs with BRAFV600E mutation display transcriptome similarity suggesting that RAI minimally affects the expression profiles of RAI-refractory metastases. Molecular profiles associated with the expression of TPO, SLC26A4 and TD genes, that were found more downregulated in BRAFV600E than in gene fusions tumors. Conclusions The present data indicate a different molecular profile in RAI-avid and RAI-refractory metastatic PTCs. Moreover, BRAFV600E tumors displayed reduced differentiation and intrinsic RAI refractoriness, while PTCs with fusion oncogenes are RAI-avid but persistent, suggesting different oncogene-driven mechanisms leading to RAI refractoriness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01757-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Colombo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Minna
- Department of Research, Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Gargiuli
- Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Platform of Integrated Biology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Muzza
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Platform of Integrated Biology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Platform of Integrated Biology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pogliaghi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Human Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Human Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Greco
- Department of Research, Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. .,Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Borrello
- Department of Research, Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Xu M, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Le K, Xi Z, Yi P, Zhao X, Tan J, Huang T. MiR-3121-3p promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by suppressing Rap1GAP in papillary thyroid cancer in vitro. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1229. [PMID: 33178761 PMCID: PMC7607113 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Rap1GAP is a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in human malignancies including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The mechanism of its suppression in PTC remains unclear. Methods Bioinformatic analyses were carried out to evaluate clinical significance and to predict upstream miRNA bindings of Rap1GAP. Three PTC cell lines, TPC-1, B-CPAP, and K1, were employed for functional verification and further experiments. We used dual-luciferase reporter gene assay to confirm the miRNA binding prediction, Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to explore miRNA and Rap1GAP regulation, Transwell and wound healing assays to compare cell migration and invasion after protein knockout or overexpression, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay to evaluate cell proliferation. Results Rap1GAP expression was suppressed in thyroid cancer compared to adjacent normal tissues and was a potential diagnostic marker of PTC. Rap1GAP suppression was correlated to younger age, advanced T stage, N stage, extrathyroidal extension, BRAF-like tumors, and higher risk of recurrence. Combined analysis of bioinformatic prediction and dual-luciferase assay revealed binding between miR-3121-3p with 3'UTR of Rap1GAP promoter. MiR-3121-3p promoted cell migration, invasion, and proliferation via inhibiting Rap1GAP and thus upregulating MAPK pathway. Overexpression and knockdown of Rap1GAP could counteract the influence on cell migration and invasion carried out by miR-3121-3p mimic and inhibitor, respectively. Rap1GAP partially impaired the effect of miR-3121-3p in cell growth in the CCK-8 assay. Conclusions Rap1GAP expression is suppressed in PTC and is a potential diagnostic marker. Its upstream regulator, miR-3121-3p, affects tumor metastasis and proliferation via regulating Rap1GAP expression. MAPK signaling pathway may be involved in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulei Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehao Le
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihan Xi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Yi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangwang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Silaghi CA, Lozovanu V, Silaghi H, Georgescu RD, Pop C, Dobrean A, Georgescu CE. The Prognostic Value of MicroRNAs in Thyroid Cancers-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2608. [PMID: 32932713 PMCID: PMC7563665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) includes various phenotypes, from indolent to highly aggressive cancer. The limitations of the current prognostication systems to predict the recurrence risk and the variability in expression of the genes involved in the thyroid carcinogenesis uncover the need for new prognostic biomarkers by taking into account potential epigenetic differences. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the prognostic impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TC. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Both upregulated and downregulated miRNAs are significantly correlated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.94, 95% CI: 2.73-12.90, p < 0.001; HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.26-0.96, p = 0.048) disease/recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.08-2.32, p = 0.003; HR = 0.37, 95%, CI: 0.24-0.60, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis revealed a significant association between the higher expression of miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222 and the recurrence of papillary TC (OR = 9.11, 95% CI 3.00 to 27.52; p < 0.001; OR = 3.88, 95% CI 1.34 to 11.19, p < 0.001; OR = 6.56, 95% CI 2.75 to 15.64, p < 0.001). This research identified that miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222 could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in TC, particularly in PTC. Further studies are needed to strengthen these findings and sustain its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alina Silaghi
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.S.); (V.L.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Vera Lozovanu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.S.); (V.L.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Horatiu Silaghi
- Department of Surgery V, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Raluca Diana Georgescu
- International Institute for The Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Republicii Street 37, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Republicii Street 37, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Emanuela Georgescu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.S.); (V.L.); (C.E.G.)
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Differential MicroRNA-Signatures in Thyroid Cancer Subtypes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:2052396. [PMID: 32565797 PMCID: PMC7290866 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2052396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine cancers, with an increasing trend in the last few decades. Although papillary thyroid cancer is the most frequent subtype compared with follicular or anaplastic thyroid cancer, it can dedifferentiate to a more aggressive phenotype, and the recurrence rate is high. The cells of follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas appear identical in cytology, making the preoperative diagnosis difficult. On the other hand, anaplastic thyroid cancer poses a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature with no effective therapeutic options. In the past several years, the roles of genetic alterations of thyroid tumors have been documented, with a remarkable correlation between genotype and phenotype, indicating that distinct molecular changes are associated with a multistep tumorigenic process. Besides mRNA expression profiles, small noncoding microRNA (miRNA) expression also showed critical functions for cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis and finally activating invasion and metastasis in cancer. Several high-throughput sequencing studies demonstrate that miRNA expression signatures contribute clinically relevant information including types of thyroid cancer, tumor grade, and prognosis. This review summarizes recent findings on miRNA signatures in thyroid cancer subtypes.
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Carr FE. THYROID CANCER. Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119645214.ch23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhao Z, Wen J, Peng L, Liu H. Upregulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) Reverses the Inhibitory Effect of Let-7g-5p on Migration and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5747-5756. [PMID: 31374070 PMCID: PMC6689202 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs) have the effects of inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, however, the research in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is limited. This study focused on the effects of Let-7 on NPC migration and invasion and the mechanism of action. Material/Methods Plasmid transfection was used to upregulate the expression levels of Let-7g-5p and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was applied to test the cell viability. Scratch assay and Transwell assay were performed to detect the migration and invasion abilities. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay were used to determine and verify the downstream target genes for Let-7g-5p. Protein and mRNA were detected by western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. Results Let-7g-5p was under-expressed in human NPC cells. Overexpression of Let-7g-5p could inhibit cell viability and inhibit the migration and invasion of SUNE1 cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that IGF-1R was a direct target gene of Let-7g-5p, which was directly regulated IGF-1R expression by 3′UTR. Let-7g-5p overexpression could inhibit the expression of IGF-1R gene, and upregulation of IGF-1R gene expression reversed the inhibitory effect of Let-7g-5p on cell viability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes. Conclusions Let-7g-5p is lowly expressed in NPC and it was the first to discover that IGF-1R was a target gene of let-7g-5p in NPC. Upregulation of IGF-1R reversed the inhibitory effect of Let-7g-5p on epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecheng Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianxue Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Hanbo Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Gómez-Pérez AM, Cornejo Pareja IM, García Alemán J, Coín Aragüez L, Sebastián Ochoa A, Alcaide Torres J, Molina Vega M, Clu Fernández C, Mancha Doblas I, Tinahones FJ. New molecular biomarkers in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Impact of miR-146, miR-221 and miR-222 levels in the evolution of the disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:187-194. [PMID: 30887564 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MircroRNAs (miR) are small, noncoding RNA molecules of 18-25 nucleotides. Their dysregulation has been widely studied in many human tumours including differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). miRs more frequently associated with these kinds of tumours are miR-146, miR-221 and miR-222. Our objective was to assess the relationship among circulating miR levels and the evolution and outcomes of disease. DESIGN We analysed a sample of 60 patients with DTC assigning them to one of three groups according to the dynamic scale of risk (excellent response, incomplete biochemical response and incomplete structural response). PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS At study inclusion, we determined thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, thyroglobulin, antithyroglobulin antibodies and plasma levels of miR-146, miR-221 and miR-222. RESULTS Male sex and advanced age at diagnosis were associated with the worst disease progression. miR-222 was twofold to threefold higher in tall cell papillary carcinomas (P = 0.038). miR-146 (P = 0.016) and miR-221 (P = 0.050) had a positive correlation with thyroglobulin at the time of sampling. In regression analysis, miR-146 (P = 0.006), miR-221 (P = 0.004) and miR-222 (P = 0.007) predicted more than 70% of the variation in thyroglobulin levels at the time of sampling. CONCLUSIONS Elevated miR-222 and miR-146 levels are associated with poorer outcomes of the disease and may have a prognostic value in the management and follow-up of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Gómez-Pérez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel María Cornejo Pareja
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge García Alemán
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Leticia Coín Aragüez
- Biomedical Research Institue (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Sebastián Ochoa
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Alcaide Torres
- Biomedical Research Institue (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Molina Vega
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Clu Fernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Mancha Doblas
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Campus Universitario Teatinos SN, Málaga, Spain
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Jia M, Shi Y, Li Z, Lu X, Wang J. MicroRNA-146b-5p as an oncomiR promotes papillary thyroid carcinoma development by targeting CCDC6. Cancer Lett 2018; 443:145-156. [PMID: 30503553 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA-146b-5p (miR-146b-5p) is known to be involved in the development of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC); however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we have investigated the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-146b-5p in PTC. The expression of miR-146b-5p was assessed in 92 pairs of PTC and adjacent normal tissues and showed correlation with the clinicopathological status such as the tumour size. Effects of miR-146b-5p and its direct target, coiled-coil domain containing 6 (CCDC6), on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle were evaluated through gain- and loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo. The expression of CCDC6 was further examined in 187 PTC cases and was found to be correlated with the clinicopathological status. Overexpression of miR-146b-5p was observed in PTC tissues that correlated with advanced PTC. miR-146b-5p promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression in vitro, whereas CCDC6 reversed this effect. miR-146b-5p promoted PTC growth in a subcutaneous mouse model in vivo, whereas overexpression of CCDC6 exerted the opposite effect. In conclusion, miR-146b-5p expression correlated with advanced PTC and promoted PTC development by targeting CCDC6 in vitro and in vivo; it could, therefore, serve as a promising target for PTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China; Faculty of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhuyao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiubo Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China; Faculty of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China; Faculty of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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22
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Loss of DNA methylation is related to increased expression of miR-21 and miR-146b in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:144. [PMID: 30454026 PMCID: PMC6245861 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation in miRNA genes has been reported as a mechanism that may cause dysregulation of mature miRNAs and consequently impact the gene expression. This mechanism is largely unstudied in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). Methods To identify differentially methylated miRNA-encoding genes, we performed global methylation analysis (Illumina 450 K), integrative analysis (TCGA database), data confirmation (pyrosequencing and RT-qPCR), and functional assays. Results Methylation analysis revealed 27 differentially methylated miRNA genes. The integrative analyses pointed out miR-21 and miR-146b as potentially regulated by methylation (hypomethylation and increased expression). DNA methylation and expression patterns of miR-21 and miR-146b were confirmed as altered, as well as seven of 452 mRNAs targets were down-expressed. The combined methylation and expression levels of miR-21 and miR-146b showed potential to discriminate malignant from benign lesions (91–96% sensitivity and 96–97% specificity). An increased expression of miR-146b due to methylation loss was detected in the TPC1 cell line. The miRNA mimic transfection highlighted putative target mRNAs. Conclusions The increased expression of miR-21 and miR-146b due to loss of DNA methylation in PTC resulted in the disruption of the transcription machinery and biological pathways. These miRNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers, and these findings provide support for future development of targeted therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0579-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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23
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Sakaram S, Craig MP, Hill NT, Aljagthmi A, Garrido C, Paliy O, Bottomley M, Raymer M, Kadakia MP. Identification of novel ΔNp63α-regulated miRNAs using an optimized small RNA-Seq analysis pipeline. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10069. [PMID: 29968742 PMCID: PMC6030203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput sequencing have enabled profiling of microRNAs (miRNAs), however, a consensus pipeline for sequencing of small RNAs has not been established. We built and optimized an analysis pipeline using Partek Flow, circumventing the need for analyzing data via scripting languages. Our analysis assessed the effect of alignment reference, normalization method, and statistical model choice on biological data. The pipeline was evaluated using sequencing data from HaCaT cells transfected with either a non-silencing control or siRNA against ΔNp63α, a p53 family member protein which is highly expressed in non-melanoma skin cancer and shown to regulate a number of miRNAs. We posit that 1) alignment and quantification to the miRBase reference provides the most robust quantitation of miRNAs, 2) normalizing sample reads via Trimmed Mean of M-values is the most robust method for accurate downstream analyses, and 3) use of the lognormal with shrinkage statistical model effectively identifies differentially expressed miRNAs. Using our pipeline, we identified previously unrecognized regulation of miRs-149-5p, 18a-5p, 19b-1-5p, 20a-5p, 590-5p, 744-5p and 93-5p by ΔNp63α. Regulation of these miRNAs was validated by RT-qPCR, substantiating our small RNA-Seq pipeline. Further analysis of these miRNAs may provide insight into ΔNp63α's role in cancer progression. By defining the optimal alignment reference, normalization method, and statistical model for analysis of miRNA sequencing data, we have established an analysis pipeline that may be carried out in Partek Flow or at the command line. In this manner, our pipeline circumvents some of the major hurdles encountered during small RNA-Seq analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sakaram
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Michael P Craig
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Natasha T Hill
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Amjad Aljagthmi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Christian Garrido
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Oleg Paliy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Michael Bottomley
- Math and Microbiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Michael Raymer
- Computer Science and Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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24
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Koperski Ł, Kotlarek M, Świerniak M, Kolanowska M, Kubiak A, Górnicka B, Jażdżewski K, Wójcicka A. Next-generation sequencing reveals microRNA markers of adrenocortical tumors malignancy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49191-49200. [PMID: 28423361 PMCID: PMC5564760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare finding among common adrenocortical tumors, but it is highly aggressive and requires early detection and treatment. Still, the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions is difficult even for experienced pathologists and there is a significant need for novel diagnostic methods. In this study we aimed to reveal a complete set of microRNAs expressed in the adrenal gland and to identify easily detectable, stable and objective biomarkers of adrenocortical malignancy. Methods We employed next-generation sequencing to analyze microRNA profiles in a unique set of 51 samples, assigned to either a learning dataset including 7 adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs), 8 adrenocortical adenomas (AAs) and 8 control samples (NAs), or a validation dataset including 8 ACCs, 10 AAs and 10 NAs. The results were validated in real-time Q-PCR. Results We detected 411 miRNAs expressed in 1763 length isoforms in the examined samples. Fifteen miRNAs differentiate between malignant (ACC) and non-malignant (AA + NA) tissue in the test set of independent samples. Expression levels of 6 microRNAs, miR-503-5p, miR-483-3p, miR-450a-5p, miR-210, miR-483-5p, miR-421, predict sample status (malignancy/non-malignancy) with at least 95% accuracy in both datasets. The best single-gene malignancy marker, miR-483-3p, has been validated by real-time RT PCR. Conclusions As a result of the study we propose clinically valid and easily detectable biomarkers of adrenocortical malignancy that may significantly facilitate morphological examination. Since microRNAs can be detected in blood, the study brings tools for development of non-invasive diagnostics of adrenocortical carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Koperski
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kotlarek
- Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Center of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Świerniak
- Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Center of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kolanowska
- Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Center of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kubiak
- Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Center of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Górnicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Jażdżewski
- Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Center of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wójcicka
- Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Center of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Saiselet M, Pita JM, Augenlicht A, Dom G, Tarabichi M, Fimereli D, Dumont JE, Detours V, Maenhaut C. miRNA expression and function in thyroid carcinomas: a comparative and critical analysis and a model for other cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52475-52492. [PMID: 27248468 PMCID: PMC5239568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As in many cancer types, miRNA expression profiles and functions have become an important field of research on non-medullary thyroid carcinomas, the most common endocrine cancers. This could lead to the establishment of new diagnostic tests and new cancer therapies. However, different studies showed important variations in their research strategies and results. In addition, the action of miRNAs is poorly considered as a whole because of the use of underlying dogmatic truncated concepts. These lead to discrepancies and limits rarely considered. Recently, this field has been enlarged by new miRNA functional and expression studies. Moreover, studies using next generation sequencing give a new view of general miRNA differential expression profiles of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We analyzed in detail this literature from both physiological and differential expression points of view. Based on explicit examples, we reviewed the progresses but also the discrepancies and limits trying to provide a critical approach of where this literature may lead. We also provide recommendations for future studies. The conclusions of this systematic analysis could be extended to other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Saiselet
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaime M Pita
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Augenlicht
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dom
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danai Fimereli
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques E Dumont
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, School of Medicine, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Acquaviva G, Visani M, Repaci A, Rhoden KJ, de Biase D, Pession A, Giovanni T. Molecular pathology of thyroid tumours of follicular cells: a review of genetic alterations and their clinicopathological relevance. Histopathology 2018; 72:6-31. [PMID: 29239040 DOI: 10.1111/his.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Knowledge of the molecular pathology of thyroid tumours originating from follicular cells has greatly advanced in the past several years. Common molecular alterations, such as BRAF p.V600E, RAS point mutations, and fusion oncogenes (RET-PTC being the prototypical example), have been, respectively, associated with conventional papillary carcinoma, follicular-patterned tumours (follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma/non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features), and with papillary carcinomas from young patients and arising after exposure to ionising radiation, respectively. The remarkable correlation between genotype and phenotype shows how specific, mutually exclusive molecular changes can promote tumour development and initiate a multistep tumorigenic process that is characterised by aberrant activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-PTEN-AKT signalling. Molecular alterations are becoming useful biomarkers for diagnosis and risk stratification, and as potential treatment targets for aggressive forms of thyroid carcinoma. What follows is a review of the principal genetic alterations of thyroid tumours originating from follicular cells and of their clinicopathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Acquaviva
- Anatomical Pathology, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Anatomical Pathology, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Endocrinology Unit, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kerry J Rhoden
- Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tallini Giovanni
- Anatomical Pathology, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Minna E, Romeo P, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Todoerti K, Pilotti S, Perrone F, Seregni E, Agnelli L, Neri A, Greco A, Borrello MG. miR-451a is underexpressed and targets AKT/mTOR pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12731-47. [PMID: 26871295 PMCID: PMC4914318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid cancer. Although several PTC-specific miRNA profiles have been reported, only few upregulated miRNAs are broadly recognized, while less consistent data are available about downregulated miRNAs. In this study we investigated miRNA deregulation in PTC by miRNA microarray, analysis of a public dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), literature review and meta-analysis based on a univocal miRNA identifier derived from miRBase v21. A list of 18 miRNAs differentially expressed between PTC and normal thyroid was identified and validated in the TCGA dataset. Furthermore, we compared our signature with miRNA profiles derived from 15 studies selected from literature. Then, to select possibly functionally relevant miRNA, we integrated our miRNA signature with those from two in vitro cell models based on the PTC-driving oncogene RET/PTC1. Through this strategy, we identified commonly deregulated miRNAs, including miR-451a, which emerged also by our meta-analysis as the most frequently reported downregulated miRNA. We showed that lower expression of miR-451a correlates with aggressive clinical-pathological features of PTC as tall cell variant, advanced stage and extrathyroid extension. In addition, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-451a impairs proliferation and migration of two PTC-derived cell lines, reduces the protein levels of its recognized targets MIF, c-MYC and AKT1 and attenuates AKT/mTOR pathway activation. Overall, our study provide both an updated overview of miRNA deregulation in PTC and the first functional evidence that miR-451a exerts tumor suppressor functions in this neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Minna
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Romeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Functional Genomics Core Facility, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Functional Genomics Core Facility, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Seregni
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Greco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Borrello
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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28
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Wen J, Gao Q, Wang N, Zhang W, Cao K, Zhang Q, Chen S, Shi L. Association of microRNA-related gene XPO5 rs11077 polymorphism with susceptibility to thyroid cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6351. [PMID: 28383405 PMCID: PMC5411189 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exportin 5 (XPO5) is a microRNA (miRNA)-related nuclear export protein, and its disorder may lead to the dysregulation of miRNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated that the aberrant expression of XPO5 might participate in carcinogenesis in certain cancers. However, there is only limited information of XPO5 in thyroid cancer (TC) development. In our study, we quantified the expression level of XPO5 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 64 TC patients' cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. After confirming the XPO5 expression, we evaluated the association between XPO5 potential functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of TC in a Chinese population (1140 cases vs 1230 controls). Finally, luciferase assays were performed to investigate the function of the SNP in XPO5 3' untranslation region. The message ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels of XPO5 were significantly lower in cancer tissues than normal tissues (P = 0.004). In SNPs screening, only 1 noble SNP rs11077 was identified in XPO5 functional region. The results in our case-control study also confirmed that XPO5 rs11077 was significantly associated with onset of TC (GT/GG vs TT P = 0.035, adjusted odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.54). The adverse influence of this polymorphism was mainly observed in age >45 years (P = 0.028), female (P = 0.020), T1 staging (P = 0.026), N1 (P = 0.038), metastasis (P = 0.031 M0, and P = 0.035 for M1), and early stage (I + II) (P = 0.021). A following luciferase test revealed the critical role of rs11077 for triggering the XPO5 expression. Furthermore, patients with G allele of rs11077 showed lower XPO5 expression level. XPO5 SNP rs11077 influences the expression of XPO5, and this SNP could also be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of TC in clinical, especially in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Ultrasonic Center, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Institute of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University
| | - Qingjun Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgical, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University
| | - Nanpeng Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgical, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgical, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University
| | - Kun Cao
- Head and Neck Tumors Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Province
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Head and Neck Tumors Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Province
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Lixin Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Institute of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University
- Department of Endocrine, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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