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Shen H, Zhu R, Liu Y, Hong Y, Ge J, Xuan J, Niu W, Yu X, Qin JJ, Li Q. Radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for radioiodine resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 72:101013. [PMID: 38041877 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) is difficult to treat with radioactive iodine because of the absence of the sodium iodide transporter in the basement membrane of thyroid follicular cells for iodine uptake. This is usually due to the mutation or rearrangement of genes and the aberrant activation of signal pathways, which result in abnormal expression of thyroid-specific genes, leading to resistance of differentiated thyroid cancer cells to radioiodine therapy. Therefore, inhibiting the proliferation and growth of RAIR-DTC with multikinase inhibitors and other drugs or restoring its differentiation and then carrying out radioiodine therapy have become the first-line treatment strategies and main research directions. The drugs that regulate these kinases or signaling pathways have been studied in clinical and preclinical settings. In this review, we summarized the major gene mutations, gene rearrangements and abnormal activation of signaling pathways that led to radioiodine resistance of RAIR-DTC, as well as the medicine that have been tested in clinical and preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Shen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of stomatology, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangjian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Ge
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Xuan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyuan Niu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qinglin Li
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Zhang J, Zhao A, Jia X, Li X, Liang Y, Liu Y, Xie X, Qu X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Gao R, Yu Y, Yang A. Sinomenine Hydrochloride Promotes TSHR-Dependent Redifferentiation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10709. [PMID: 36142613 PMCID: PMC9500915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactive iodine (RAI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The curative effects of RAI therapy are not only related to radiosensitivity but also closely related to the accumulation of radionuclides in the lesion in PTC. Sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) can suppress tumor growth and increase radiosensitivity in several tumor cells, including PTC. The aim of this research was to investigate the therapeutic potential of SH on PTC cell redifferentiation. In this study, we treated BCPAP and TPC-1 cells with SH and tested the expression of thyroid differentiation-related genes. RAI uptake caused by SH-pretreatment was also evaluated. The results indicate that 4 mM SH significantly inhibited proliferation and increased the expression of the thyroid iodine-handling gene compared with the control group (p < 0.005), including the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). Furthermore, SH also upregulated the membrane localization of NIS and RAI uptake. We further verified that upregulation of NIS was associated with the activation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. In conclusion, SH can inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, promote redifferentiation, and then increase the efficacy of RAI therapy in PTC cells. Thus, our results suggest that SH could be useful as an adjuvant therapy in combination with RAI therapy in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Aomei Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yiqian Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xijie Qu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yuemin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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Yu X, Zhu X, Zhang L, Qin JJ, Feng C, Li Q. In Silico Screening and Validation of PDGFRA Inhibitors Enhancing Radioiodine Sensitivity in Thyroid Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883581. [PMID: 35645805 PMCID: PMC9133930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) has been implicated in tumorigenesis and radioiodine resistance of thyroid cancer, indicating its therapeutic potential. In the present study, we confirmed the association between PDGFRA and radioiodine resistance in thyroid cancer using bioinformatics analysis and constructed a prediction model of PDGFRA inhibitors using machine learning and molecular docking approaches. We then performed a virtual screening of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived compound library and successfully identified 4’,5,7-trimethoxyflavone as a potential PDGFRA inhibitor. Further characterization revealed a significant inhibitory effect of 4’,5,7-trimethoxyflavone on PDGFRA-MAPK pathway activation, and that it could upregulate expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as well as improve radioiodine uptake capacity of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer (RAIR-TC), suggesting it a potential drug lead for the development of new RAIR-TC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yu
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuhang Zhu
- Thyroid surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhuo Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Li, ; Chunlai Feng, ; Jiang-Jiang Qin,
| | - Chunlai Feng
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Li, ; Chunlai Feng, ; Jiang-Jiang Qin,
| | - Qinglin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Li, ; Chunlai Feng, ; Jiang-Jiang Qin,
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Silaghi H, Lozovanu V, Georgescu CE, Pop C, Nasui BA, Cătoi AF, Silaghi CA. State of the Art in the Current Management and Future Directions of Targeted Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073470. [PMID: 35408830 PMCID: PMC8998761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-thirds of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with distant metastases would be classified as radioactive iodine-refractory (RAIR-DTC), evolving into a poor outcome. Recent advances underlying DTC molecular mechanisms have shifted the therapy focus from the standard approach to targeting specific genetic dysregulations. Lenvatinib and sorafenib are first-line, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved to treat advanced, progressive RAIR-DTC. However, other anti-angiogenic drugs, including single targeted TKIs, are currently being evaluated as alternative or salvage therapy after the failure of first-line TKIs. Combinatorial therapy of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling cascade inhibitors has become a highly advocated strategy to improve the low efficiency of the single agent treatment. Recent studies pointed out targetable alternative pathways to overcome the resistance to MAPK and PI3K pathways’ inhibitors. Because radioiodine resistance originates in DTC loss of differentiation, redifferentiation therapies are currently being explored for efficacy. The present review will summarize the conventional management of DTC, the first-line and alternative TKIs in RAIR-DTC, and the approaches that seek to overcome the resistance to MAPK and PI3K pathways’ inhibitors. We also aim to emphasize the latest achievements in the research of redifferentiation therapy, immunotherapy, and agents targeting gene rearrangements in advanced DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horatiu Silaghi
- Department of Surgery V, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vera Lozovanu
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Emanuela Georgescu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.E.G.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cristina Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6A Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogdana Adriana Nasui
- Department of Community Health, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Alina Silaghi
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.E.G.); (C.A.S.)
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5
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Feng F, Han H, Wu S, Wang H. Crosstalk Between Abnormal TSHR Signaling Activation and PTEN/PI3K in the Dedifferentiation of Thyroid Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718578. [PMID: 34650915 PMCID: PMC8506026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodide uptake and the metabolism of thyroid cells are regulated by thyrotropin (TSH)-TSH receptor (TSHR) signaling. Thus, it is necessary to elevate serum TSH levels by T4 withdraw or rTSH administration to facilitate radioiodide (131I) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, non-iodide-avid metastases of DTC which is dedifferentiated do not respond to stimulation by high levels of TSH, suggesting abnormal TSH-TSHR signal transduction in cancer cells. In addition, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activation has been shown to be associated with the dedifferentiated phenotype of thyroid cancer, but the mechanism remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of abnormal TSH-TSHR signaling activation in regulating iodide uptake and cell mobility in thyroid cancer and its relationship with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. We found that in thyroid cancer cells, TSH binds TSHR coupled to the Gα12/13 protein and then activates RhoA through interacting with leukemia associated RhoA guanine exchange factor (LARG). This results in a promigration tumorigenic phenotype independent of canonical TSHR-GαS signaling that regulates the expression of molecules involved in iodine uptake and metabolism. We observed that signaling pathways downstream of Gα12/13 signaling were increased, while that of Gαs signaling was decreased in thyroid cancer cells undergoing dedifferentiation compared to control cells following stimulation with different levels of TSH. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activation enhanced Gα12/13 signaling through increasing LARG levels but also inhibited the expression of molecules downstream of Gαs signaling, including thyroid-specific molecules, and iodide uptake. In summary, our results demonstrate the noncanonical activation of TSH-TSHR signaling and its role in increasing the cell mobility and dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer through crosstalk with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqin Han
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Zhang L, Xu S, Cheng X, Wu J, Wang X, Wu L, Yu H, Bao J. Curcumin enhances the membrane trafficking of the sodium iodide symporter and augments radioiodine uptake in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cells via suppression of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8260-8273. [PMID: 34323243 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01073e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine (RAI) is commonly used to treat differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). A major challenge is the dedifferentiation of DTC with the loss of radioiodine uptake. Patients with distant metastases have persistent or recurrent disease and develop resistance to RAI therapy due to tumor dedifferentiation. Hence, tumor redifferentiation to restore sensitivity to RAI therapy is considered a promising strategy to overcome RAI resistance. In the present study, curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, was found to re-induce cell differentiation and increase the expression of thyroid-specific transcription factors, TTF-1, TTF-2 and transcriptional factor paired box 8 (PAX8), and iodide-metabolizing proteins, including thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cell lines, BCPAP and KTC-1. Importantly, curcumin enhanced NIS glycosylation and its membrane trafficking, resulting in a significant improvement of radioiodine uptake in vitro. Additionally, AKT knockdown phenocopied the restoration of thyroid-specific gene expression; however, ectopic expressed AKT inhibited curcumin-induced up-regulation of NIS protein, demonstrating that curcumin might improve radioiodine sensitivity via the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Our study demonstrates that curcumin could represent a promising adjunctive therapy for restoring iodide avidity and improve radioiodine therapeutic efficacy in patients with RAI-refractory thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China. and Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China and School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China.
| | - Xian Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China.
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liying Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China.
| | - Jiandong Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China.
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7
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Cai X, Wang R, Tan J, Meng Z, Li N. Mechanisms of regulating NIS transport to the cell membrane and redifferentiation therapy in thyroid cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2403-2414. [PMID: 34100218 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is an essential constituent of thyroid hormone. Active iodide accumulation in the thyroid is mediated by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), comprising the first step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, which relies on the functional expression of NIS on the cell membrane. The retention of NIS expressed in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cells allows further treatment with post-operative radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. However, compared with normal thyroid tissue, differentiated thyroid tumors usually show a decrease in the active iodide conveyance and NIS is generally retained within the cells, indicating that posttranslational protein transfer to the plasma membrane is abnormal. In recent years, through in vitro studies and studies of patients with DTC, various methods have been tested to increase the transport rate of NIS to the cell membrane and increase the absorption of iodine. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism of NIS transport to the plasma membrane could lead to improvements in RAI therapy. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the current knowledge concerning the post-translational mechanisms that regulate NIS transport to the cell membrane and the current status of redifferentiation therapy for patients with RAI-refractory (RAIR)-DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - R Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - J Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Z Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
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Choi YJ, Lee JE, Ji HD, Lee BR, Lee SB, Kim KS, Lee IK, Chin J, Cho SJ, Lee J, Lee SW, Ha JH, Jeon YH. Tunicamycin as a Novel Redifferentiation Agent in Radioiodine Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031077. [PMID: 33499100 PMCID: PMC7865976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The silencing of thyroid-related genes presents difficulties in radioiodine therapy for anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs). Tunicamycin (TM), an N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, is an anticancer drug. Herein, we investigated TM-induced restoration of responsiveness to radioiodine therapy in radioiodine refractory ATCs. 125I uptake increased in TM-treated ATC cell lines, including BHT101 and CAL62, which was inhibited by KClO4, a sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitor. TM upregulated the mRNA expression of iodide-handling genes and the protein expression of NIS. TM blocked pERK1/2 phosphorylation in both cell lines, but AKT (protein kinase B) phosphorylation was only observed in CAL62 cells. The downregulation of glucose transporter 1 protein was confirmed in TM-treated cells, with a significant reduction in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. A significant reduction in colony-forming ability and marked tumor growth inhibition were observed in the combination group. TM was revealed to possess a novel function as a redifferentiation inducer in ATC as it induces the restoration of iodide-handling gene expression and radioiodine avidity, thereby facilitating effective radioiodine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ju Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (H.D.J.); (J.L.)
- Department of pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41404, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (B.-R.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Hyun Dong Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (H.D.J.); (J.L.)
- Department of pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41404, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (B.-R.L.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Sang Bong Lee
- Vaccine Commerialization Center, Gyeongbuk Institute for Bioindustry, 88, Saneodanjigil, Pungsan-eup, Andong-si, Gyeongbuk 36618, Korea;
| | - Kil Soo Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41404, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (B.-R.L.); (K.S.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41404, Korea; (J.C.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41404, Korea; (J.C.); (S.J.C.)
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (H.D.J.); (J.L.)
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (H.D.J.); (J.L.)
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.H.J.); Tel.: +82-53-200-2851 (S.-W.L.); +82-53-950-4232 (J.-H.H.); +82-10-2455-6046 or +82-53-200-3149 (Y.H.J.)
| | - Jeoung-Hee Ha
- Department of pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.H.J.); Tel.: +82-53-200-2851 (S.-W.L.); +82-53-950-4232 (J.-H.H.); +82-10-2455-6046 or +82-53-200-3149 (Y.H.J.)
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41404, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (B.-R.L.); (K.S.K.)
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.H.J.); Tel.: +82-53-200-2851 (S.-W.L.); +82-53-950-4232 (J.-H.H.); +82-10-2455-6046 or +82-53-200-3149 (Y.H.J.)
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9
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Oh JM, Baek SH, Gangadaran P, Hong CM, Rajendran RL, Lee HW, Zhu L, Gopal A, Kalimuthu S, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. A Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Can Augment Radioactive Iodine Uptake Through Endogenous Sodium/Iodide Symporter Expression in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2020; 30:501-518. [PMID: 31928162 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is an important strategy in the treatment of thyroid cancer. However, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a rare malignancy, exhibits severe dedifferentiation characteristics along with a lack of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression and function. Therefore, RAI therapy is ineffective and contributes toward poor prognosis of these patients. Recently, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used to treat thyroid cancer patients for restoring NIS expression and function and RAI uptake capacity. However, most results reported thus far are associated with differentiated thyroid cancer. In this study, we identified a new TKI and investigated its effects on cell redifferentiation, NIS function, and RAI therapy in ATC. Methods: We identified a new TKI, "5-(5-{4H, 5H,6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophen-2-yl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-2-one" (CTOM-DHP), using a high-throughput screening system. CTOM-DHP was exposed to 8505C ATC cells at different concentrations and time points. Concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μM and an incubation time of 72 hours were chosen as the conditions for subsequent NIS promoter assays and NIS mRNA and protein expression experiments. In addition, we examined factors related to iodide metabolism after CTOM-DHP treatment as well as the signaling pathways mediating the effects of CTOM-DHP on endogenous NIS expression. RAI uptake and 131I cytotoxicity effects caused by CTOM-DHP pretreatment were also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: Promoter assays as well as mRNA and protein expression analyses confirmed that NIS expression was augmented by treatment of 8505C ATC cells with CTOM-DHP. Moreover, CTOM-DHP treatment robustly increased the expression of other thyroid-specific proteins and thyroid transcription factors related to iodide metabolism. Enhancement of NIS function was demonstrated by an increase in 125I uptake and 131I cytotoxicity. Increased endogenous NIS expression was associated with the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo results also demonstrated an increase in NIS promoter activity and RAI avidity in response to CTOM-DHP treatment. Furthermore, 131I-mediated therapeutic effects preferentially improved in a tumor xenograft mice model. Conclusions: CTOM-DHP, a new TKI identified in this study, enhances endogenous NIS expression and thereby is a promising compound for restoring RAI avidity in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunnehru Gopal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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10
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Thompson RJ, Fletcher A, Brookes K, Nieto H, Alshahrani MM, Mueller JW, Fine NH, Hodson DJ, Boelaert K, Read ML, Smith VE, McCabe CJ. Dimerization of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter. Thyroid 2019; 29:1485-1498. [PMID: 31310151 PMCID: PMC6797079 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The ability of thyroid follicular epithelial cells to accumulate iodide via the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is exploited to successfully treat most thyroid cancers, although a subset of patients lose functional NIS activity and become unresponsive to radioiodide therapy, with poor clinical outcome. Our knowledge of NIS regulation remains limited, however. While numerous membrane proteins are functionally regulated via dimerization, there is little definitive evidence of NIS dimerization, and whether this might impact upon radioiodide uptake and treatment success is entirely unknown. We hypothesized that NIS dimerizes and that dimerization is a prerequisite for iodide uptake. Methods: Coimmunoprecipitation, proximity ligation, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays were used to assess NIS:NIS interaction. To identify residues involved in dimerization, a homology model of NIS structure was built based on the crystal structure of the dimeric bacterial protein vSGLT. Results: Abundant cellular NIS dimerization was confirmed in vitro via three discrete methodologies. FRET and proximity ligation assays demonstrated that while NIS can exist as a dimer at the plasma membrane (PM), it is also apparent in other cellular compartments. Homology modeling revealed one key potential site of dimeric interaction, with six residues <3Å apart. In particular, NIS residues Y242, T243, and Q471 were identified as critical to dimerization. Individual mutation of residues Y242 and T243 rendered NIS nonfunctional, while abrogation of Q471 did not impact radioiodide uptake. FRET data show that the putative dimerization interface can tolerate the loss of one, but not two, of these three clustered residues. Conclusions: We show for the first time that NIS dimerizes in vitro, and we identify the key residues via which this happens. We hypothesize that dimerization of NIS is critical to its trafficking to the PM and may therefore represent a new mechanism that would need to be considered in overcoming therapeutic failure in patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Thompson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Brookes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Nieto
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed M. Alshahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W. Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas H.F. Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin L. Read
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki E. Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Vicki E. Smith, PhD, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. McCabe
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to: Christopher J. McCabe, PhD, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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11
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Liu J, Liu Y, Lin Y, Liang J. Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Redifferentiation Therapy. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:215-225. [PMID: 31565873 PMCID: PMC6769341 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The retained functionality of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expressed in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cells allows the further utilization of post-surgical radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, which is an effective treatment for reducing the risk of recurrence, and even the mortality, of DTC. Whereas, the dedifferentiation of DTC could influence the expression of functional NIS, thereby reducing the efficacy of RAI therapy in advanced DTC. Genetic alternations (such as BRAF and the rearranged during transfection [RET]/papillary thyroid cancer [PTC] rearrangement) have been widely reported to be prominently responsible for the onset, progression, and dedifferentiation of PTC, mainly through activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascades. These genetic alternations have been suggested to associate with the reduced expression of iodide-handling genes in thyroid cancer, especially the NIS gene, disabling iodine uptake and causing resistance to RAI therapy. Recently, novel and promising approaches aiming at various targets have been attempted to restore the expression of these iodine-metabolizing genes and enhance iodine uptake through in vitro studies and studies of RAI-refractory (RAIR)-DTC patients. In this review, we discuss the regulation of NIS, known mechanisms of dedifferentiation including the MAPK and PI3K pathways, and the current status of redifferentiation therapy for RAIR-DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jierui Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.
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12
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ElMokh O, Taelman V, Radojewski P, Roelli MA, Stoss A, Dumont RA, Dettmer MS, Phillips WA, Walter MA, Charles RP. MEK Inhibition Induces Therapeutic Iodine Uptake in a Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:917-923. [PMID: 30464041 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.216721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is refractory to radioiodine therapy in part because of impaired iodine metabolism. We targeted the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3'K) pathways with the intent to induce radioiodine uptake for radioiodine treatment of ATC. Methods: Human ATC cells were used to evaluate the ability of pharmacologic inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3'K pathways to induce radioiodine uptake. Thyrocyte-specific double-mutant BRAFV600E PIK3CAH1047R mice were treated with a MEK inhibitor followed by radioiodine treatment, and tumor burden was monitored by ultrasound imaging. Results: ATC cell lines showed an increase in sodium-iodine symporter transcription when treated with a MEK or BRAFV600E inhibitor alone and in combination with PI3'K inhibitor. This translated into a dose-dependent elevation of iodine uptake after treatment with a MEK inhibitor alone and in combination with a PI3'K inhibitor. In vivo, MEK inhibition but not BRAF or PI3'K inhibition upregulated sodium-iodine symporter transcription. This translated into a stable reduction of tumor burden when mice were treated with a MEK inhibitor before radioiodine administration. Conclusion: This study confirms the ability of MEK inhibition to induce iodine uptake in in vitro and in vivo models of ATC. The approach of using a MEK inhibitor before radioiodine treatment could readily be translated into clinical practice and provide a much-needed therapeutic option for patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama ElMokh
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Taelman
- Institute for Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Radojewski
- Institute for Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias A Roelli
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Stoss
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca A Dumont
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Wayne A Phillips
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin A Walter
- Institute for Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roch-Philippe Charles
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Feng F, Yehia L, Ni Y, Chang YS, Jhiang SM, Eng C. A Nonpump Function of Sodium Iodide Symporter in Thyroid Cancer via Cross-talk with PTEN Signaling. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6121-6133. [PMID: 30217930 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a classical iodide pump typically localized within the cell plasma membrane in thyroid cells, where NIS expression is believed to ensure success of mainstay radioiodide therapy in thyroid cancers. Although radioiodide uptake is generally reduced in thyroid cancer tissue, intracellular nonmembranous NIS has been reported to increase, suggesting that NIS serves a pump-independent function. Thyroid cancer is one of the major component cancers of Cowden syndrome, a subset of which is caused by germline mutations in PTEN In this study, we explored the noncanonical tumorigenic role of NIS in thyroid cancer cells in relation to PTEN signaling. PTEN knockdown in thyroid cancer cell lines stabilized intracellular NIS protein by promoting an interaction with NIS-LARG (leukemia-associated RhoA guanine exchange factor). Increased protein levels of cytoplasmic NIS enhanced RhoA activation and resulted in a promigration tumorigenic phenotype. Inhibition of NIS glycosylation through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway contributed to mislocalization of NIS in the cytoplasm, facilitating its nonpump tumorigenic function through an interaction with LARG, which predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Moreover, PTEN or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling could affect DPAGT1, a glycosylating enzyme involved in the initial step of N-linked glycosylation, to inhibit glycosylation of NIS. In summary, our results elucidate a pump-independent, protumorigenic role for NIS in thyroid cancer via its cross-talk with PTEN signaling.Significance: A novel pump-independent protumorigenic role of nonmembranous NIS challenges the presumption that radioiodine treatment of thyroid cancer is ineffective when transmembrane NIS is not expressed. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6121-33. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Feng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ying Ni
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yi Seok Chang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sissy Meihua Jhiang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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14
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Song J, Qiu W, Deng X, Qiu Z, Fan Y, Yang Z. A somatic mutation of RasGRP3 decreases Na +/I - symporter expression in metastases of radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid cancer by stimulating the Akt signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1847-1855. [PMID: 30323976 PMCID: PMC6176176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation profiles of advanced radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer have revealed the pathogenic roles of the established oncogenic mutations of BRAF and PI3KCA, but the involvement of other genes is presently unknown. In the present study, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 10 tissue samples of metastases of RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancers and identified a recurrent hot-spot mutation (c.1924G>T) in the RasGRP3 gene, which codes for Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein 3. This mutation was found to occur at a high frequency (20%) in samples of metastases of RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancers compared with other types of thyroid cancer. Overexpression of mutant RasGRP3 significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of 8505C and BHT101 cells compared with cells transfected with wild-type RasGRP3 or an empty vector. In addition, mutant RasGRP3 decreased the expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), reduced the iodine uptake ability, and increased Akt phosphorylation in thyroid cancer cells. Finally, we showed that LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling, attenuated the effects of mutant RasGRP3 on thyroid cancer cells. Thus, our study revealed that the c.1924G>T hot-spot mutation in RasGRP3 is a more frequent genetic alteration in metastases of RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. This mutant RasGRP3 activated the Akt pathway, promoted thyroid cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and reduced NIS expression and the iodine uptake ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlu Song
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China
| | - Wangwang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China
| | - Xianzhao Deng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhongling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China
| | - Youben Fan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China
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15
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Bozorg-Ghalati F, Hedayati M, Dianatpour M, Azizi F, Mosaffa N, Mehrabani D. Effects of a Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Inhibitor on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2287-2291. [PMID: 28843268 PMCID: PMC5697493 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine therapy, chemotherapy, or their combination are treatments of choice for thyroid cancers. However, cancer stem cells (CSCs) may become resistant to therapy, and mutations in somatic genes affect radioiodine uptake. This study determined the effect of a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor on anaplastic thyroid CSCs. Materials and Methods: The magnetic-activated cell sorting assay was used for segregating CD133-positive CSCs from three anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cell lines (C643, SW1736, and 8305C). After confirming the cells’ purity by flow cytometry, they were treated with 5, 10, 20, or 25 μM LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, and then evaluated at 24 and 48 h. The sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) mRNA level was determined using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. NIS protein expression was evaluated using western blotting. Results: The PI3K inhibitor, at different concentrations and times, increased the NIS mRNA level (1.30-6.17-fold, P < 0.0001). If the NIS mRNA level in LY294002-treated CD133-positive CSCs was increased more than 2-fold, the NIS protein content was detectable. Conclusions: CD133-positive CSCs isolated from ATC cell lines expressed NIS mRNA and protein after PI3K inhibition. Our findings suggest that molecularly targeted CSC therapy may improve the treatment efficacy of aggressive cancers like ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Bozorg-Ghalati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , dianatpour@sums.
ac.ir
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16
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Jia P, Hu Y, Li G, Sun Y, Zhao J, Fu J, Lu C, Liu B. Roles of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/PKB signaling pathways in regulating the expression of extracellular matrix genes in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:350-358. [PMID: 28591364 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170050000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the mechanisms by which PD98059 and LY294002 interfere with the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix regulated by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Methods: Rat PASMCs were cultured and separated into a control group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of collagen III and fibronectin mRNA. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression of collagen III protein. Results: The expression of collagen III and fibronectin mRNA was greater in PASMCs stimulated with CTGF for 48 h, than in the control group. After 72h of stimulation, the expression of collagen III protein in the PASMCs was greater than in the control. The equivalent gene and protein expression of the CPL group were much more significant. Conclusions: CTGF can stimulate the gene expression of collagen III and fibronectin in PASMCs, which may be one of the factors that promote pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) under the conditions of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PD98059 and LY294002 can inhibit the ERK1/2 and PI3K/PKB signaling pathways, respectively, thus interfering with the biological effects of CTGF. This may be a new way to reduce PAH-PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Yu Hu
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Gang Li
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Yuqin Sun
- MD, Postgraduate Program in Nursing in Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China. Analysis and interpretation of data, technical procedures
| | - Jian Zhao
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Jie Fu
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Cuixia Lu
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Bin Liu
- Full Professor, Director, Department of Pediatrics Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; analysis and interpretation of data; critical revision
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17
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Lakshmanan A, Scarberry D, Green JA, Zhang X, Selmi-Ruby S, Jhiang SM. Modulation of thyroidal radioiodide uptake by oncological pipeline inhibitors and Apigenin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31792-804. [PMID: 26397139 PMCID: PMC4741640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer is based on selective stimulation of Na+/I- Symporter (NIS)-mediated radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) in thyroid cells by thyrotropin. Patients with advanced thyroid cancer do not benefit from radioiodine therapy due to reduced or absent NIS expression. To identify inhibitors that can be readily translated into clinical care, we examined oncological pipeline inhibitors targeting Akt, MEK, PI3K, Hsp90 or BRAF in their ability to increase RAIU in thyroid cells expressing BRAFV600E or RET/PTC3 oncogene. Our data showed that (1) PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 outperformed other inhibitors in RAIU increase mainly by decreasing iodide efflux rate to a great extent; (2) RAIU increase by all inhibitors was extensively reduced by TGF-β, a cytokine secreted in the invasive fronts of thyroid cancers; (3) RAIU reduction by TGF-β was mainly mediated by NIS reduction and could be reversed by Apigenin, a plant-derived flavonoid; and (4) In the presence of TGF-β, GDC-0941 with Apigenin co-treatment had the highest RAIU level in both BRAFV600E expressing cells and RET/PTC3 expressing cells. Taken together, Apigenin may serve as a dietary supplement along with small molecule inhibitors to improve radioiodine therapeutic efficacy on invasive tumor margins thereby minimizing future metastatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lakshmanan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Daniel Scarberry
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Jill A Green
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Samia Selmi-Ruby
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LYON (CRCL)-UMR 1052-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de LYON, F-69372, France
| | - Sissy M Jhiang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
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18
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Shen CT, Qiu ZL, Song HJ, Wei WJ, Luo QY. miRNA-106a directly targeting RARB associates with the expression of Na(+)/I(-) symporter in thyroid cancer by regulating MAPK signaling pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:101. [PMID: 27342319 PMCID: PMC4919890 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum miRNAs profiles between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with non-(131)I and (131)I-avid lung metastases are differentially expressed. These miRNAs have to be further validated and the role of these miRNAs in the molecular function level of thyroid cancer cell lines has not been investigated. METHODS Expression levels of six identified miRNAs were assessed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the serum of eligible patients. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the potential target of miR-106a. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The change of gene expression was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. In vitro iodine uptake assay was conducted by a γ-counter. RESULTS Compared to PTC patients with (131)I-avid lung metastases, miR-106a was up-regulated in the serum of patients with non-(131)I-avid lung metastases. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-106a directly targeted retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) 3'-UTR. miR-106a-RARB promoted viability of thyroid cancer cells by regulating MEKK2-ERK1/2 and MEKK2-ERK5 pathway. miR-106a-RARB inhibited apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by regulating ASK1-p38 pathway. Moreover, miR-106a-RARB could regulate the expression of sodium iodide symporter, TSH receptor and alter the iodine uptake function of thyroid cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS miRNA-106a, directly targeting RARB, associates with the viability, apoptosis, differentiation and the iodine uptake function of thyroid cancer cell lines by regulating MAPK signaling pathway in vitro. These findings in the present study may provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
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19
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Serrano-Nascimento C, Nicola JP, Teixeira SDS, Poyares LL, Lellis-Santos C, Bordin S, Masini-Repiso AM, Nunes MT. Excess iodide downregulates Na(+)/I(-) symporter gene transcription through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 426:73-90. [PMID: 26872612 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms associated with iodide-induced downregulation of NIS expression remain uncertain. Here, we further analyzed the transcriptional regulation of NIS gene expression by excess iodide using PCCl3 cells. NIS promoter activity was reduced in cells treated for 12-24 h with 10(-5) to 10(-3) M NaI. Site-directed mutagenesis of Pax8 and NF-κB cis-acting elements abrogated the iodide-induced NIS transcription repression. Indeed, excess iodide (10(-3) M) excluded Pax8 from the nucleus, decreased p65 total expression and reduced their transcriptional activity. Importantly, p65-Pax8 physical interaction and binding to NIS upstream enhancer were reduced upon iodide treatment. PI3K/Akt pathway activation by iodide-induced ROS production is involved in the transcriptional repression of NIS expression. In conclusion, the results indicated that excess iodide transcriptionally represses NIS gene expression through the impairment of Pax8 and p65 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the data presented herein described novel roles for PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and oxidative status in the thyroid autoregulatory phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juan Pablo Nicola
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Silvania da Silva Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leonice Lourenço Poyares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camilo Lellis-Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Masini-Repiso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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A systematic evaluation of sorting motifs in the sodium–iodide symporter (NIS). Biochem J 2016; 473:919-28. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20151086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human sodium–iodide symporter (NIS) variants were created to suppress predicted binding motifs potentially implicated in trafficking of this protein. A leucine residue in an internal PDZ-binding motif was found to be essential for expression of the symporter at the plasma membrane.
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21
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Cordioli MICV, Moraes L, Cury AN, Cerutti JM. Are we really at the dawn of understanding sporadic pediatric thyroid carcinoma? Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R311-24. [PMID: 26307021 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Data from the National Cancer Institute and from the literature have disclosed an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in children, adolescents and adults. Although children and adolescents with thyroid cancer tend to present with more advanced disease than adults, their overall survival rate is excellent; however, there is no clear explanation for the differences observed in the clinicopathological outcomes in these age groups. There has been an ongoing debate regarding whether the clinicopathological differences may be due to the existence of distinct genetic alterations. Efforts have been made to identify these acquired genetic abnormalities that will determine the tumor's biological behavior and ultimately allow molecular prognostication. However, most of the studies have been performed in radiation-exposed pediatric thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, our understanding of the role of these driver mutations in sporadic pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer development is far from complete, and additionally, there is a strong need for studies in both children and adolescents. The aim of this review is to present an extensive literature review with emphasis on the molecular differences between pediatric sporadic and radiation-exposed differentiated thyroid carcinomas and adult population.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/epidemiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/etiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Distribution
- Age of Onset
- Carcinoma, Papillary/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/etiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disasters
- Female
- Forecasting
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Incidence
- Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Point Mutation
- Radioactive Hazard Release
- Radiotherapy/adverse effects
- Sex Distribution
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Symporters/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy
- Thyroid Nodule/epidemiology
- Thyroid Nodule/pathology
- Thyroidectomy
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel C Vieira Cordioli
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors LaboratoryDivision of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 669, 11 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, 01221-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais Moraes
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors LaboratoryDivision of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 669, 11 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, 01221-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Namo Cury
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors LaboratoryDivision of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 669, 11 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, 01221-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete M Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors LaboratoryDivision of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 669, 11 andar, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, 01221-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Somatostatin activates Ras and ERK1/2 via a G protein βγ-subunit-initiated pathway in thyroid cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:253-60. [PMID: 26472731 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) is one of the main regulators of thyroid function. It acts by binding to its receptors, which lead to the dissociation of G proteins into Gαi and Gβγ subunits. However, much less is known about the function of Gβγ in thyroid cells. Here, we studied the role of SST and Gβγ dimers released upon SST stimulation on the Ras-ERK1/2 pathway in FTRL-5 thyroid cells. We demonstrate that SST activates Ras through Gi proteins, since SST-induced Ras activation is inhibited by pertussis toxin. Moreover, the specific sequestration of Gβγ dimers decreases Ras-GTP and phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels, and overexpression of Gβγ increases ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by SST, indicating that Gβγ dimers released after SST treatment mediate activation of Ras and ERK1/2. On the other hand, SST treatment does not modify the expression of the thyroid differentiation marker sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) through ERK1/2 activation. However, SST increases AKT activation and the inhibition of the Src/PI3K/AKT pathway increases NIS levels in SST-treated cells. Thus, we conclude that, in thyroid cells, signalling from SST receptors to ERK1/2 involves a Gβγ-mediated signal acting on a Ras-dependent pathway. Moreover, we demonstrate that SST might regulates NIS expression through a Src/PI3K/AKT-dependent mechanism, but not through ERK1/2 signalling, showing the main role of this hormone in thyroid function.
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23
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Yang H, Chen H, Guo H, Li W, Tang J, Xu B, Sun M, Ding G, Jiang L, Cui D, Zheng X, Duan Y. Molecular mechanisms of 2, 3', 4, 4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl-induced thyroid dysfunction in FRTL-5 cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120133. [PMID: 25789747 PMCID: PMC4366388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can severely interfere with multiple animals and human systems. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying 2, 3′, 4, 4′, 5- pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118)-induced thyroid dysfunction, Fischer rat thyroid cell line-5(FRTL-5) cells were treated with either different concentrations of PCB118 or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The effects of PCB118 on FRTL-5 cells viability and apoptosis were assessed by using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and apoptosis assays, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify protein kinase B (Akt), Forkhead box protein O3a (FoxO3a), and sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mRNA expression levels. Western blotting was used to detect Akt, phospho-Akt (p-Akt), FoxO3a, phospho-FoxO3a (p-FoxO3a), and NIS protein levels. Luciferase reporter gene technology was used to detect the transcriptional activities of FoxO3a and NIS promoters. The effects of the constitutively active Akt (CA-Akt) and dominant-negative Akt (DN-Akt) plasmids on p-Akt, p-FoxO3a, and NIS levels were examined in PCB118-treated FRTL-5 cells. The effects of FoxO3a siRNA on FoxO3a, p-FoxO3a, and NIS protein levels were examined in the PCB118-treated FRTL-5 cells. The effects of pcDNA3 (plsmid vectors designed for high-level stable and transient expression in mammalian host)-FoxO3a on NIS promoter activity were examined in the PCB118-treated FRTL-5 cells. Our results indicated that relatively higher PCB118 concentrations can inhibit cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Akt, p-Akt, and p-FoxO3a protein or mRNA levels increased significantly in PCB118-treated groups and NIS protein and mRNA levels decreased considerably compared with the control groups. FoxO3a promoter activity increased significantly, whereas NIS promoter activity decreased. These effects on p-FoxO3a and NIS could be decreased by the DN-Akt plasmid, enhanced by the CA-Akt plasmid, and blocked by FoxO3a siRNA. The overexpressed FoxO3a could reduce NIS promoter activity. Our results suggested that PCB118 induces thyroid cell dysfunction through the Akt/FoxO3a/NIS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinmei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bojin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minne Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dai Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuqin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Lakshmanan A, Wojcicka A, Kotlarek M, Zhang X, Jazdzewski K, Jhiang SM. microRNA-339-5p modulates Na+/I- symporter-mediated radioiodide uptake. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:11-21. [PMID: 25404690 PMCID: PMC4298451 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS)-mediated radioiodide uptake (RAIU) serves as the basis for targeted ablation of thyroid cancer remnants. However, many patients with thyroid cancer have reduced NIS expression/function and hence do not benefit from radioiodine therapy. microRNA (miR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in many diseases; yet, the role of miRs in NIS-mediated RAIU has not been investigated. In silico analysis was used to identify miRs that may bind to the 3'UTR of human NIS (hNIS). The top candidate miR-339-5p directly bound to the 3'UTR of hNIS. miR-339-5p overexpression decreased NIS-mediated RAIU in HEK293 cells expressing exogenous hNIS, decreased the levels of NIS mRNA, and RAIU in transretinoic acid/hydrocortisone (tRA/H)-treated MCF-7 human breast cancer cells as well as thyrotropin-stimulated PCCl3 rat thyroid cells. Nanostring nCounter rat miR expression assay was conducted to identify miRs deregulated by TGFβ, Akti-1/2, or 17-AAG known to modulate RAIU in PCCl3 cells. Among 38 miRs identified, 18 were conserved in humans. One of the 18 miRs, miR-195, was predicted to bind to the 3'UTR of hNIS and its overexpression decreased RAIU in tRA/H-treated MCF-7 cells. miR-339-5p was modestly increased in most papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), yet miR-195 was significantly decreased in PTCs. Interestingly, the expression profiles of 18 miRs could be used to distinguish most PTCs from nonmalignant thyroid tissues. This is the first report, to our knowledge, demonstrating that hNIS-mediated RAIU can be modulated by miRs, and that the same miRs may also play roles in the development or maintenance of thyroid malignancy. Accordingly, miRs may serve as emerging targets to halt the progression of thyroid cancer and to enhance the efficacy of radioiodine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lakshmanan
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna Wojcicka
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marta Kotlarek
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Krystian Jazdzewski
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sissy M Jhiang
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyMolecularCellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAGenomic MedicineDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, PolLaboratory of Human Cancer GeneticsCentre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, PolCenter for BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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25
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Spitzweg C, Bible KC, Hofbauer LC, Morris JC. Advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: the sodium iodide symporter and other emerging therapeutic targets. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2:830-42. [PMID: 24898835 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with advanced, metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer have radioiodine-refractory disease, based on decreased expression of the sodium iodide symporter SLC5A5 (NIS), diminished membrane targeting of NIS, or both. Patients with radioiodine-refractory disease, therefore, are not amenable to (131)I therapy, which is the initial systemic treatment of choice for non-refractory metastatic thyroid cancer. Patients with radioiodine-refractory cancer have historically had poor outcomes, partly because these cancers often respond poorly to cytotoxic chemotherapy. In the past decade, however, considerable progress has been made in delineating the molecular pathogenesis of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. As a result of the identification of key genetic and epigenetic alterations and dysregulated signalling pathways, multiple biologically targeted drugs, in particular tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, have been evaluated in clinical trials with promising results and have begun to meaningfully impact clinical practice. In this Review, we summarise the current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of advanced differentiated thyroid cancer and discuss findings from clinical trials of targeted drugs in patients with radioiodine-refractory disease. Additionally, we focus on the molecular basis of loss of NIS expression, function, or both in refractory disease, and discuss preclinical and clinical data on restoration of radioiodine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Spitzweg
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Keith C Bible
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - John C Morris
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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26
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Lakshmanan A, Scarberry D, Shen DH, Jhiang SM. Modulation of sodium iodide symporter in thyroid cancer. Discov Oncol 2014; 5:363-73. [PMID: 25234361 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-014-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactive iodine (RAI) is a key therapeutic modality for thyroid cancer. Loss of RAI uptake in thyroid cancer inversely correlates with patient's survival. In this review, we focus on the challenges encountered in delivering sufficient doses of I-131 to eradicate metastatic lesions without increasing the risk of unwanted side effects. Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mediates iodide influx, and NIS expression and function can be selectively enhanced in thyroid cells by thyroid-stimulating hormone. We summarize our current knowledge of NIS modulation in normal and cancer thyroid cells, and we propose that several reagents evaluated in clinical trials for other diseases can be used to restore or further increase RAI accumulation in thyroid cancer. Once validated in preclinical mouse models and clinical trials, these reagents, mostly small-molecule inhibitors, can be readily translated into clinical practice. We review available genetically engineered mouse models of thyroid cancer in terms of their tumor development and progression as well as their thyroid function. These mice will not only provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the loss of RAI uptake in thyroid tumors but will also serve as preclinical animal models to evaluate the efficacy of candidate reagents to selectively increase RAI uptake in thyroid cancers. Taken together, we anticipate that the optimal use of RAI in the clinical management of thyroid cancer is yet to come in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lakshmanan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Lakshmanan A, Doseff AI, Ringel MD, Saji M, Rousset B, Zhang X, Jhiang SM. Apigenin in combination with Akt inhibition significantly enhances thyrotropin-stimulated radioiodide accumulation in thyroid cells. Thyroid 2014; 24:878-87. [PMID: 24400871 PMCID: PMC4026312 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selectively increased radioiodine accumulation in thyroid cells by thyrotropin (TSH) allows targeted treatment of thyroid cancer. However, the extent of TSH-stimulated radioiodine accumulation in some thyroid tumors is not sufficient to confer therapeutic efficacy. Hence, it is of clinical importance to identify novel strategies to selectively further enhance TSH-stimulated thyroidal radioiodine accumulation. METHODS PCCl3 rat thyroid cells, PCCl3 cells overexpressing BRAF(V600E), or primary cultured tumor cells from a thyroid cancer mouse model, under TSH stimulation were treated with various reagents for 24 hours. Cells were then subjected to radioactive iodide uptake, kinetics, efflux assays, and protein extraction followed by Western blotting against selected antibodies. RESULTS We previously reported that Akt inhibition increased radioiodine accumulation in thyroid cells under chronic TSH stimulation. Here, we identified Apigenin, a plant-derived flavonoid, as a reagent to further enhance the iodide influx rate increased by Akt inhibition in thyroid cells under acute TSH stimulation. Akt inhibition is permissive for Apigenin's action, as Apigenin alone had little effect. This action of Apigenin requires p38 MAPK activity but not PKC-δ. The increase in radioiodide accumulation by Apigenin with Akt inhibition was also observed in thyroid cells expressing BRAF(V600E) and in primary cultured thyroid tumor cells from TRβ(PV/PV) mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, Apigenin may serve as a dietary supplement in combination with Akt inhibitors to enhance therapeutic efficacy of radioiodine for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lakshmanan
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Motoyasu Saji
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bernard Rousset
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (INSERM U1052/CNRS UMR 5286), Federation of Health Research of Eastern Lyon (CNRS UMS 3453/INSERM US7 Louis Léopold Oller), Lyon, France
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sissy M. Jhiang
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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D'Agostino M, Sponziello M, Puppin C, Celano M, Maggisano V, Baldan F, Biffoni M, Bulotta S, Durante C, Filetti S, Damante G, Russo D. Different expression of TSH receptor and NIS genes in thyroid cancer: role of epigenetics. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:121-31. [PMID: 24353283 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The TSH receptor (TSHR) and sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) are key players in radioiodine-based treatment of differentiated thyroid cancers. While NIS (SLC5AS) expression is diminished/lost in most thyroid tumors, TSHR is usually preserved. To examine the mechanisms that regulate the expression of NIS and TSHR genes in thyroid tumor cells, we analyzed their expression after inhibition of ras-BRAF-MAPK and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways and the epigenetic control occurring at the gene promoter level in four human thyroid cancer cell lines. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure NIS and TSHR mRNA in thyroid cancer cell lines (TPC-1, BCPAP, WRO, and FTC-133). Western blotting was used to assess the levels of total and phosphorylated ERK and Akt. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed for investigating histone post-translational modifications of the TSHR and NIS genes. ERK and Akt inhibitors elicited different responses of the cells in terms of TSHR and NIS mRNA levels. Akt inhibition increased NIS transcript levels and reduced those of TSHR in FTC-133 cells but had no significant effects in BCPAP. ERK inhibition increased the expression of both genes in BCPAP cells but had no effects in FTC-133. Histone post-translational modifications observed in the basal state of the four cell lines as well as in BCPAP treated with ERK inhibitor and FTC-133 treated with Akt inhibitor show cell- and gene-specific differences. In conclusion, our data indicate that in thyroid cancer cells the expression of TSHR and NIS genes is differently controlled by multiple mechanisms, including epigenetic events elicited by major signaling pathways involved in thyroid tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia', Campus 'S. Venuta', Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Surgical Sciences, University of Roma 'Sapienza', 00161 Roma, Italy Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Serrano-Nascimento C, da Silva Teixeira S, Nicola JP, Nachbar RT, Masini-Repiso AM, Nunes MT. The acute inhibitory effect of iodide excess on sodium/iodide symporter expression and activity involves the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1145-56. [PMID: 24424051 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Iodide (I(-)) is an irreplaceable constituent of thyroid hormones and an important regulator of thyroid function, because high concentrations of I(-) down-regulate sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression and function. In thyrocytes, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) cascade also inhibits NIS expression and function. Because I(-) excess and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway induce similar inhibitory effects on NIS expression, we aimed to study whether the PI3K/Akt cascade mediates the acute and rapid inhibitory effect of I(-) excess on NIS expression/activity. Here, we reported that the treatment of PCCl3 cells with I(-) excess increased Akt phosphorylation under normal or TSH/insulin-starving conditions. I(-) stimulated Akt phosphorylation in a PI3K-dependent manner, because the use of PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin or 2-(4-Morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) abrogated the induction of I(-) effect. Moreover, I(-) inhibitory effect on NIS expression and function were abolished when the cells were previously treated with specific inhibitors of PI3K or Akt (Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor). Importantly, we also found that the effect of I(-) on NIS expression involved the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using the fluorogenic probes dihydroethidium and mitochondrial superoxide indicator (MitoSOX Red), we observed that I(-) excess increased ROS production in thyrocytes and determined that mitochondria were the source of anion superoxide. Furthermore, the ROS scavengers N-acetyl cysteine and 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3-(2H)-one blocked the effect of I(-) on Akt phosphorylation. Overall, our data demonstrated the involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as a novel mediator of the I(-)-induced thyroid autoregulation, linking the role of thyroid oxidative state to the Wolff-Chaikoff effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (C.S.-N., S.d.S.T., R.T.N., M.T.N.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil; and Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (J.P.N., A.M.M.-R.), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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Zaballos MA, Santisteban P. FOXO1 controls thyroid cell proliferation in response to TSH and IGF-I and is involved in thyroid tumorigenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 27:50-62. [PMID: 23160481 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TSH and insulin/IGF-I synergistically induce the proliferation of thyroid cells mainly through the cAMP and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. However, the events involved in this cooperative induction remain unknown, and molecules that are potentially controlled by both TSH and IGF-I are interesting candidates as integrators of both stimuli. The finding that the PI3K pathway is frequently activated in thyroid malignancies has attracted attention to this pathway in the thyroid field. One of the targets of PI3K is Forkhead box O (FoxO)-1, a widely expressed transcription factor involved in a variety of cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here we show that FoxO1 is highly expressed in differentiated rat thyroid cells and human thyroid tissue compared with human thyroid tumor-derived cells and surgically removed thyroid tumors, in which its expression is reduced. In differentiated cells, TSH/cAMP treatment decreases FoxO1 mRNA and protein levels through proteasome activation, whereas both TSH and IGF-I control FoxO1 localization by promoting a rapid exclusion from the nucleus in an Akt-dependent manner. FoxO1 can control p27(KIP1) expression in differentiated and tumor cells of the thyroid. Furthermore, FoxO1 reexpression in tumor cells promotes a decrease in their proliferation rate, whereas FoxO1 interference in differentiated cells increases their proliferation. These data point to an important role of FoxO1 in mediating the effects of TSH and IGF-I on thyroid cell proliferation and provide a link between loss of FoxO1 expression and the uncontrolled proliferation of thyroid tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Zaballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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