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Zhu Z, Dong S, Qin S, Gu K, Zhou Y. ANOS1 accelerates the progression of esophageal cancer identified by multi-omic approaches. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2343-2370. [PMID: 38859828 PMCID: PMC11162658 DOI: 10.62347/spcp3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of ANOS1 in esophageal cancer (ESCA) progression, multi-omic analysis and experimental validation were employed. It was revealed that ANOS1 expression is significantly enhanced in ESCA patients and cell lines. The expression level of ANOS1 in ESCA patients can distinguish the malignancy from normal tissue with an area under curve (AUC) >0.75. Moreover, increased expression of ANOS1 is associated with advanced T stage and worse disease-free survival of ESCA patients. Therefore, a clinically applicable nomogram with ANOS1 was established with strong predictive power. Furthermore, high expression of ANOS1 in ESCA is correlated with (i) the enrichment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by gene set enrichment analysis, (ii) the involvement in hypoxia, angiogenesis, WNT signaling pathway, and TGFβ signaling pathway by gene set variation analysis, (iii) the presence of the small insertion and deletion mutational signature ID9, associated with chromothripsis, in the single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, (iv) the amplification of 11q13.3 in the copy number variants analysis, (v) the enrichment of cancer-associated fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. All the results from multi-omic analysis indicate that ANOS1 plays a pivotal role in accelerating the progression of ESCA. Results from in vivo and in vitro experiments show that the knockdown of ANOS1 hampers the proliferation of ESCA cells, further validating the oncogenic role of ANOS1 in ESCA. Additionally, potential chemotherapeutics with sensitivity were identified in the high-ANOS1 group. In conclusion, ANOS1 accelerates the progression of ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoquan Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shikun Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaolei Qin
- Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Chai Y, Ma Y, Feng W, Xiang H, Lu H, Jin L. Identification and validation of a 4-extracellular matrix gene signature associated with prognosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24162. [PMID: 38293522 PMCID: PMC10827462 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in the development and tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aimed to establish a risk score of ECM-related genes in LUAD and explore the association between the risk score and patient survival as well as immune cell infiltration, somatic mutations, and therapy response. Methods Gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) and eight Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to analyze and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Prognostic ECM-related genes were identified and utilized to formulate a prognostic signature. A nomogram was constructed using TCGA dataset and validated in two GEO datasets. Differences between high- and low-risk patients were analyzed for function enrichment, immune cell infiltration, somatic mutations, and therapy response. Finally, Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of DEGs in LUAD. Results A risk score based on four ECM-related genes, ANOS1, CD36, COL11A1, and HMMR, was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) compared to other clinical variables. Subsequently, a nomogram incorporating the risk score and TNM staging was developed using the TCGA dataset. Internal and external validation of the nomogram, conducted through calibration plots, C-index, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analyses (DCA), demonstrated the excellent discriminatory ability and clinical practicability of this nomogram. The risk score correlated with the distribution of function enrichment, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint expression. More somatic mutations occurred in the high-risk group. The risk score also demonstrated a favorable ability to predict immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity. Conclusion A novel signature based on four ECM-related genes is developed to help predict LUAD prognosis. This signature correlates with tumor immune microenvironment and can predict the response to different therapies in LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Chai
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Department of Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longyu Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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3
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Lufkin L, Samanta A, Baker D, Lufkin S, Schulze J, Ellis B, Rose J, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Glis1 and oxaloacetate in nucleus pulposus stromal cell somatic reprogramming and survival. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1009402. [PMID: 36406265 PMCID: PMC9671658 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1009402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to repair degenerate tissue through cell refurbishment with minimally invasive procedures. Adipose tissue (FAT)-derived stem or stromal cells are a convenient autologous choice for many regenerative cell therapy approaches. The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a suitable target. Comprised of an inner nucleus pulposus (NP) and an outer annulus fibrosus (AF), the degeneration of the IVD through trauma or aging presents a substantial socio-economic burden worldwide. The avascular nature of the mature NP forces cells to reside in a unique environment with increased lactate levels, conditions that pose a challenge to cell-based therapies. We assessed adipose and IVD tissue-derived stromal cells through in vitro transcriptome analysis in 2D and 3D culture and suggested that the transcription factor Glis1 and metabolite oxaloacetic acid (OAA) could provide NP cells with survival tools for the harsh niche conditions in the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Lufkin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Ankita Samanta
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - DeVaun Baker
- The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Sina Lufkin
- The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | | | - Benjamin Ellis
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Jillian Rose
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Petra Kraus,
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Anosmin 1 N-terminal domains modulate prokineticin receptor 2 activation by prokineticin 2. Cell Signal 2022; 98:110417. [PMID: 35878754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The X-linked form of Kallmann syndrome (KS), characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia, is due to mutations in the ANOS1 gene that encodes for the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein anosmin 1. Prokineticins (PKs) exert their biological functions through the activation of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) prokineticin receptor 1 and 2 (PKR1, 2), and mutations in the PK2 and PKR2 genes are involved in the pathogenesis of KS. We have previously shown interaction between PKR2 and anosmin 1 in vitro. In the current report we present evidence of the modulation of PK2/PKR2 activity by anosmin 1, since this protein is able to enhance the activation of the ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway elicited by PK2 through PKR2. We also show that the N-terminal region of anosmin 1, capable of binding to the PK2-binding domain of PKR2, seems to be responsible for this effect. The whey acidic protein domain (WAP) is necessary for this modulatory activity, although data from GST pull-down (glutathione-S-transferase) and analysis of the N267K mutation in the fibronectin type III domain 1 (FnIII.1) suggest the cysteine-rich (CR) and the FnIII.1 domains could assist the WAP domain both in the binding to PKR2 and in the modulation of the activation of the receptor by PK2. Our data support the idea of a modulatory role of anosmin 1 in the biological effects controlled by the PK2/PKR2 system.
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Ferguson HR, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) and Noncanonical Partners in Cancer Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1201. [PMID: 34068954 PMCID: PMC8156822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that success of targeted therapies in the treatment of cancer is context-dependent and is influenced by a complex crosstalk between signaling pathways and between cell types in the tumor. The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling axis highlights the importance of such context-dependent signaling in cancer. Aberrant FGFR signaling has been characterized in almost all cancer types, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. This occurs primarily through amplification and over-expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 resulting in ligand-independent activation. Mutations and translocations of FGFR1-4 are also identified in cancer. Canonical FGF-FGFR signaling is tightly regulated by ligand-receptor combinations as well as direct interactions with the FGFR coreceptors heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and Klotho. Noncanonical FGFR signaling partners have been implicated in differential regulation of FGFR signaling. FGFR directly interacts with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, contributing to invasive and migratory properties of cancer cells, whereas interactions with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate angiogenic, resistance to therapy, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The diversity in FGFR signaling partners supports a role for FGFR signaling in cancer, independent of genetic aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R. Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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Ferreira WAS, Amorim CKN, Burbano RR, Villacis RAR, Marchi FA, Medina TS, Lima MMCD, Oliveira EHCD. Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of the human glioblastoma cell line AHOL1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e9571. [PMID: 33470396 PMCID: PMC7812907 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines are widely used as in vitro models of tumorigenesis, facilitating fundamental discoveries in cancer biology and translational medicine. Currently, there are few options for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment and limited in vitro models with accurate genomic and transcriptomic characterization. Here, a detailed characterization of a new GBM cell line, namely AHOL1, was conducted in order to fully characterize its molecular composition based on its karyotype, copy number alteration (CNA), and transcriptome profiling, followed by the validation of key elements associated with GBM tumorigenesis. Large numbers of CNAs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. CNAs were distributed throughout the genome, including gains at Xq11.1-q28, Xp22.33-p11.1, Xq21.1-q21.33, 4p15.1-p14, 8q23.2-q23.3 and losses at Yq11.21-q12, Yp11.31-p11.2, and 15q11.1-q11.2 positions. Nine druggable genes were identified, including HCRTR2, ETV1, PTPRD, PRKX, STS, RPS6KA6, ZFY, USP9Y, and KDM5D. By integrating DEGs and CNAs, we identified 57 overlapping genes enriched in fourteen pathways. Altered expression of several cancer-related candidates found in the DEGs-CNA dataset was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Taken together, this first comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic landscape of AHOL1 provides unique resources for further studies and identifies several druggable targets that may be useful for therapeutics and biologic and molecular investigation of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A S Ferreira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - C K N Amorim
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - R R Burbano
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - R A R Villacis
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - F A Marchi
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T S Medina
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M M C de Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - E H C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.,Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Functional Heterogeneity of Mouse and Human Brain OPCs: Relevance for Preclinical Studies in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061681. [PMID: 32498223 PMCID: PMC7355819 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides giving rise to oligodendrocytes (the only myelin-forming cell in the Central Nervous System (CNS) in physiological conditions), Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) are responsible for spontaneous remyelination after a demyelinating lesion. They are present along the mouse and human CNS, both during development and in adulthood, yet how OPC physiological behavior is modified throughout life is not fully understood. The activity of adult human OPCs is still particularly unexplored. Significantly, most of the molecules involved in OPC-mediated remyelination are also involved in their development, a phenomenon that may be clinically relevant. In the present article, we have compared the intrinsic properties of OPCs isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal, postnatal and adult mice, as well as those recovered from neurosurgical adult human cerebral cortex tissue. By analyzing intact OPCs for the first time with 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy, we show that these cells behave distinctly and that they have different metabolic patterns in function for their stage of maturity. Moreover, their response to Fibroblast Growth Gactor-2 (FGF-2) and anosmin-1 (two molecules that have known effects on OPC biology during development and that are overexpressed in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)) differs in relation to their developmental stage and in the function of the species. Our data reveal that the behavior of adult human and mouse OPCs differs in a very dynamic way that should be very relevant when testing drugs and for the proper design of effective pharmacological and/or cell therapies for MS.
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8
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Dai L, Chen J, Lin Z, Wang Z, Mu S, Qin Z. Targeting Sphingosine Kinase by ABC294640 against Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG). J Cancer 2020; 11:4683-4691. [PMID: 32626514 PMCID: PMC7330698 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly aggressive pediatric brainstem tumor, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) accounts for 10% to 20% of childhood brain tumors. The survival rate for DIPG remains very low, with a median survival time as less than one year even under radiotherapy, the current standard treatment. Moreover, over than 250 clinical trials have failed when trying to improve the survival compared to radiotherapy. The sphingolipid metabolism and related signaling pathways have been found closely related to cancer cell survival; however, the sphingolipid metabolism targeted therapies have never been investigated in DIPG. In the current study, the anti-DIPG activity of ABC294640, the only first-in-class orally available Sphingosine kinase (SphK) inhibitor was explored. Treatment with ABC294640 significantly repressed DIPG cell growth by inducing intracellular pro-apoptotic ceramides production and cell apoptosis. We also profiled ABC294640-induced changes in gene expression within DIPG cells and identified many new genes tightly controlled by sphingolipid metabolism, such as IFITM1 and KAL1. These genes are required for DIPG cell survival and display clinical relevance in DIPG patients' samples. Together, our findings in this study indicate that targeting sphingolipid metabolism may represent a promising strategy to improve DIPG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Departments of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jungang Chen
- Departments of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Tulane Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhaoxiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Tulane Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Departments of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Abbaszadegan MR, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Role of extra cellular proteins in gastric cancer progression and metastasis: an update. Genes Environ 2020; 42:18. [PMID: 32467737 PMCID: PMC7227337 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with a high ratio of mortality. Regarding the late diagnosis, there is a high ratio of distant metastasis among GC cases. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic modalities, there is not still an efficient therapeutic method to increase survival rate of metastatic GC cases. Main body Apart from the various intracellular signaling pathways which are involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis, the local microenvironment is also a critical regulator of tumor cell migration. Indeed, the intracellular signaling pathways also exert their final metastatic roles through regulation of extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, it is required to assess the role of extra cellular components in biology of GC. Conclusion In the present review, we summarize 48 of the significant ECM components including 17 ECM modifying enzymes, seven extracellular angiogenic factors, 13 cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organizers, seven matricellular proteins and growth factors, and four proteoglycans and extra cellular glycoproteins. This review paves the way of determination of a specific extra cellular diagnostic and prognostic panel marker for the GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kanda M, Suh YS, Park DJ, Tanaka C, Ahn SH, Kong SH, Lee HJ, Kobayashi D, Fujiwara M, Shimada H, Cho B, Murotani K, Kim HH, Yang HK, Kodera Y. Serum levels of ANOS1 serve as a diagnostic biomarker of gastric cancer: a prospective multicenter observational study. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:203-211. [PMID: 31377880 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of high-performance serum biomarkers will likely improve treatment outcomes of patients with gastric cancer (GC). We previously identified the candidate serum markers, anosmin 1 (ANOS1), dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3), and melanoma-associated antigen D2 (MAGE-D2) and evaluated their clinical significance through a single-center retrospective analysis. Here we conducted a prospective multicenter observational study aimed at validating the diagnostic performance of these potential markers. METHODS We analyzed serum levels before and after surgery of the three potential biomarkers in patients with GC and healthy volunteers. Quantification of serum and GC tissue levels was performed using an ELISA. RESULTS Area under the curve (AUC) values that discriminated patients with GC from healthy controls were - 0.7058, 0.6188, and 0.5031 for ANOS1, DPYSL3, and MAGED2, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the ANOS1 assay were 0.36 and 0.85, respectively. The AUC value of ANOS1 that discriminated patients with stage I GC from healthy controls was 0.7131. Serum ANOS1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with stage I GC compared with those of healthy controls (median 1179 ng/ml and 461 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.0001) and decreased after resection of primary GC lesions (P < 0.0001). The combination of serum ANOS1 and DPYSL3 levels increased the AUC value that discriminated patients with GC from healthy controls. Serum levels of ANOS1 did not significantly correlate with those of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, or other markers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of ANOS1 may serve as a useful diagnostic tool for managing GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yun-Suhk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sang-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota City, Japan
| | - BeLong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute On Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Biostatistics Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Schulten HJ, Hussein D. Array expression meta-analysis of cancer stem cell genes identifies upregulation of PODXL especially in DCC low expression meningiomas. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215452. [PMID: 31083655 PMCID: PMC6513070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors, with a subset of cases bearing a progressive phenotype. The DCC netrin 1 receptor (DCC) is a candidate gene for early meningioma progression. Cancer stem cell (CSC) genes are emerging as cancer therapeutic targets, as their expression is frequently associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes. The main objective of the study was to identify deregulated CSC genes in meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interrogating two expression data repositories, significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined using DCC low vs. DCC high expression groups and WHO grade I (GI) vs. grade II + grade III (GII + GIII) comparison groups. Human stem cell (SC) genes were compiled from two published data sets and were extracted from the DEG lists. Biofunctional analysis was performed to assess associations between genes or molecules. RESULTS In the DCC low vs. DCC high expression groups, we assessed seven studies representing each between seven and 58 samples. The type I transmembrane protein podocalyxin like (PODXL) was markedly upregulated in DCC low expression meningiomas in six studies. Other CSC genes repeatedly deregulated included, e.g., BMP/retinoic acid inducible neural specific 1 (BRINP1), prominin 1 (PROM1), solute carrier family 24 member 3 (SLC24A3), rRho GTPase activating protein 28 (ARHGAP28), Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5), and leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4). In the GI vs. GII + GIII comparison groups, we assessed six studies representing each between nine and 68 samples. DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A) was markedly upregulated in GII + GIII meningiomas in four studies. Other CSC genes repeatedly deregulated included, e.g., ARHGAP28 and PODXL. Network analysis revealed associations of molecules with, e.g., cellular development and movement; nervous system development and function; and cancer. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis on meningiomas identified a comprehensive list of deregulated CSC genes across different array expression studies. Especially, PODXL is of interest for functional assessment in progressive meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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de Castro F, Seal R, Maggi R. ANOS1: a unified nomenclature for Kallmann syndrome 1 gene (KAL1) and anosmin-1. Brief Funct Genomics 2018; 16:205-210. [PMID: 27899353 PMCID: PMC5860151 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is accepted that confusion regarding the description of genetic variants occurs when researchers do not use standard nomenclature. The Human Genome Organization Gene Nomenclature Committee contacted a panel of consultants, all working on the KAL1 gene, to propose an update of the nomenclature of the gene, as there was a convention in the literature of using the ‘KAL1’ symbol, when referring to the gene, but using the name ‘anosmin-1’ when referring to the protein. The new name, ANOS1, reflects protein name and is more transferrable across species.
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13
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Endo Y, Ishiwata-Endo H, Yamada KM. Cell adhesion to anosmin via α5β1, α4β1, and α9β1 integrins. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:93-100. [PMID: 27715389 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1221568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anosmin is an extracellular matrix protein, and genetic defects in anosmin result in human Kallmann syndrome. It functions in neural crest formation, cell adhesion, and neuronal migration. Anosmin consists of multiple domains, and it has been reported to bind heparan sulfate, FGF receptor, and UPA. In this study, we establish cell adhesion/spreading assays for anosmin and use them for antibody inhibition analyses to search for an integrin adhesion receptor. We find that α5β1, α4β1, and α9β1 integrins are needed for effective adhesive receptor function in cell adhesion and cell spreading on anosmin; adhesion is inhibited by both RGD and α4β1 CS1-based peptides. This identification of anosmin-integrin adhesion receptors should facilitate studies of anosmin function in cell and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Endo
- a Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology , National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Hiroko Ishiwata-Endo
- a Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology , National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- a Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology , National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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14
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Malric L, Monferran S, Gilhodes J, Boyrie S, Dahan P, Skuli N, Sesen J, Filleron T, Kowalski-Chauvel A, Cohen-Jonathan Moyal E, Toulas C, Lemarié A. Interest of integrins targeting in glioblastoma according to tumor heterogeneity and cancer stem cell paradigm: an update. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86947-86968. [PMID: 29156849 PMCID: PMC5689739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are malignant brain tumors with dismal prognosis despite standard treatment with surgery and radio/chemotherapy. These tumors are defined by an important cellular heterogeneity and notably contain a particular subpopulation of Glioblastoma-initiating cells, which recapitulate the heterogeneity of the original Glioblastoma. In order to classify these heterogeneous tumors, genomic profiling has also been undertaken to classify these heterogeneous tumors into several subtypes. Current research focuses on developing therapies, which could take into account this cellular and genomic heterogeneity. Among these targets, integrins are the subject of numerous studies since these extracellular matrix transmembrane receptors notably controls tumor invasion and progression. Moreover, some of these integrins are considered as membrane markers for the Glioblastoma-initiating cells subpopulation. We reviewed here integrin expression according to glioblastoma molecular subtypes and cell heterogeneity. We discussed their roles in glioblastoma invasion, angiogenesis, therapeutic resistance, stemness and microenvironment modulations, and provide an overview of clinical trials investigating integrins in glioblastomas. This review highlights that specific integrins could be identified as selective glioblastoma cells markers and that their targeting represents new diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Malric
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Monferran
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Department of Biostatistics, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrina Boyrie
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Perrine Dahan
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie Sesen
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Department of Biostatistics, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Radiotherapy, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Toulas
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Oncogenetic, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Lemarié
- INSERM U1037, Center for Cancer Research of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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15
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Shimizu D, Inokawa Y, Sonohara F, Inaoka K, Nomoto S. Search for useful biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor factors and background liver factors. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2527-2542. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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FRZB and melusin, overexpressed in LGMD2A, regulate integrin β1D isoform replacement altering myoblast fusion and the integrin-signalling pathway. Expert Rev Mol Med 2017; 19:e2. [PMID: 28300015 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is characterised by muscle wasting and progressive degeneration of proximal muscles because of mutations in the CAPN3 gene. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle degeneration are still not well understood. The objective of this study was to assess the relevance of genes with differential expression in the muscle of LGMD2A patients. For this purpose, we analysed their in vitro expression in primary cultures of human myoblasts and myotubes. Abnormal fusion was observed in the myotubes of these patients, which may be explained by the lack of physiological replacement of integrin β1D. Owing to this observation, we focused on deregulated genes coding proteins that directly interact with integrin, ITGB1BP2 and CD9, as well as FRZB gene, because of its in vitro upregulation in myotubes. Silencing studies established that these genes are closely regulated, CD9 and FRZB being positive regulators of the expression of ITGB1BP2, and in turn, this gene being a negative regulator of the expression of FRZB. Interestingly, we observed that FRZB regulates integrin β1D expression, its silencing increasing integrin β1D expression to levels similar to those in controls. Finally, the administration of LiCl, an enhancer of the Wnt-signalling pathway showed similar experimentally beneficial effects, suggesting FRZB silencing or LiCl administration as potential therapeutic targets, though further studies are required.
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17
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Kanda M, Kodera Y. Molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6829-6840. [PMID: 27570420 PMCID: PMC4974582 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer (GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.
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18
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Regulation of FGF signaling: Recent insights from studying positive and negative modulators. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 53:101-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Zhang Z, Dou M, Yao X, Tang H, Li Z, Zhao X. Potential Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Human Gastric Cancer. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:115-22. [PMID: 26934336 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of gastric cancer (GC) and its consequent mortality rate severely threaten human's health. It is not frequently diagnosed until a relatively advanced stage. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment. Thus, early screening and diagnosis are critical for patients with GC. The tumor marker assays used currently for detecting GC are simple and rapid, but the usage is limited by its low sensitivity and specificity. Here, we provide a brief description of some new potential markers and new biotechnological methods for the diagnosis of GC, hoping to find out more effective approaches for early detection of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Mengmeng Dou
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiaofang Yao
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Hao Tang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Zhubo Li
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
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20
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Kanda M, Shimizu D, Fujii T, Sueoka S, Tanaka Y, Ezaka K, Takami H, Tanaka H, Hashimoto R, Iwata N, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Function and diagnostic value of Anosmin-1 in gastric cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:721-30. [PMID: 26270236 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global health problem that urgently requires novel molecular biomarkers for patient stratification as well as therapeutic targets. Anosmin-1 (ANOS1) gene encodes a cell adhesion molecule that plays diverse roles in multiple malignancies. We performed global expression profiling of GC cell lines and small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments to determine the effect of ANOS1 expression on phenotype. We evaluated the association of ANOS1 mRNA and protein levels in patients' tissue and sera with clinicopathological factors of GC subtypes. Differential expression of ANOS1 mRNA by GC cell lines correlated positively to levels of ITGAV, FOXC2 and NODAL mRNAs and inversely with those of TFPI2. Inhibiting ANOS1 expression decreased the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells. The mean level of ANOS1 mRNA was significantly higher in 237 GC tissues compared with the corresponding noncancerous adjacent tissues. Elevated ANOS1 levels associated significantly with the phenotypes of GC, shorter disease-free and overall survival. ANOS1 expression was a more significant prognostic marker for diffuse and distal nondiffuse GC. ANOS1 concentrations in sera increased sequentially in sera of healthy subjects, localized GC and disseminated GCs. Prognosis was worse for patients with preoperative serum ANOS1 ≥ 600 pg/ml compared with those with <600 pg/ml. ANOS1 may represent a biomarker for GC phenotypes and as a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sueoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ezaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Tanaka Y, Kanda M, Sugimoto H, Shimizu D, Sueoka S, Takami H, Ezaka K, Hashimoto R, Okamura Y, Iwata N, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Koike M, Nomoto S, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Translational implication of Kallmann syndrome-1 gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2546-54. [PMID: 25892360 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of epigenetic alterations causes inactivation of tumor suppressors and contributes to the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identification of methylated genes is necessary to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC and develop novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The Kallmann syndrome-1 (KAL1) gene encodes an extracellular matrix-related protein with diverse oncological functions. However, the function of KAL1 in HCC has not been examined. We investigated the methylation status of the KAL1 promoter region in HCC cell lines, and evaluated KAL1 mRNA levels and those of genes encoding potential interacting cell adhesion factors. KAL1 mRNA expression level was heterogeneous in nine HCC cell lines, and reactivation of KAL1 mRNA expression was observed in cells with promoter hypermethylation of KAL1 gene after demethylation. In addition, KAL1 mRNA levels inversely correlated with those of ezrin in all nine HCC cell lines. KAL1 expression levels in 144 pairs of surgically-resected tissues were determined and correlated to clinicopathological parameters. KAL1 mRNA level was independent of the background liver status, whereas HCC tissues showed significantly lower KAL1 mRNA levels than corresponding noncancerous liver tissues. Downregulation of KAL1 mRNA in HCC was significantly associated with malignant phenotype characteristics, including elevated tumor markers, larger tumor size, vascular invasion, and hypermethylation of KAL1. Patients with downregulation of KAL1 were more likely to have a shorter overall survival than other patients, and multivariate analysis identified downregulation of KAL1 as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.11-3.90, P=0.022). Our results indicated that KAL1 may act as a putative tumor suppressor in HCC and is inactivated by promoter hypermethylation. KAL1 may serve as a biomarker of malignant phenotype of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sueoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ezaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Okamura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shunto, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Liu J, Cao W, Chen W, Xu L, Zhang C. Decreased expression of Kallmann syndrome 1 sequence gene (KAL1) contributes to oral squamous cell carcinoma progression and significantly correlates with poorly differentiated grade. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 44:109-14. [PMID: 25060050 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallmann syndrome 1 sequence gene (KAL1) protein is an extracellular matrix associated protein which plays vital roles in neurons development and cell migration. However, its biological functions and clinical implications have yet not been revealed in oral carcinogenesis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of KAL1 in oral cancer and determine clinical significance of KAL1 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). METHODS The expression pattern of KAL1 was examined in a testing cohort including OSCCs (n = 42) and paired adjacent tissues (PATs) (n = 14) by real-time PCR. The result was further validated in a validating cohort of OSCCs (n = 32). Correlation between clinicopathological parameters and KAL1 mRNA levels was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. In vitro, the effects of KAL1 ablation through siRNA-mediated knockdown on the proliferation of OSCC cells were determined by CCK-8, BrdU, and colonies formation assays, respectively. In addition, cell cycle distribution was further evaluated by cytometry. RESULTS We observed that remarkably decreased expression of KAL1 mRNA in two independent cohorts (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.033, respectively). Furthermore, downregulated KAL1 mRNA was significantly associated with worse pathological grade (P = 0.013 and P = 0.035, respectively). Upon KAL1 silencing, the proliferation and colonies formation potentials of OSCC cells were notably promoted by accelerating G1 to M phase transition. CONCLUSION These data indicated that KAL1 plays a potential suppressive role on OSCC initiation and progression, and KAL1 gene may serve as an adjuvant biomarker for the identification of pathological grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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