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Usman T, Ali N, Wang Y, Yu Y. Association of Aberrant DNA Methylation Level in the CD4 and JAK-STAT-Pathway-Related Genes with Mastitis Indicator Traits in Chinese Holstein Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010065. [PMID: 35011171 PMCID: PMC8749870 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the gene expression and DNA methylation level in the promoter region of the CD4 and the JAK-STAT-pathway-related genes. A total of 24 samples were deployed in the gene expression and 118 samples were used in the DNA methylation study. Student's t-tests were used to analyze the gene expression and DNA methylation. The evaluation of DNA methylation in promoter regions of JAK2 and STAT5A revealed hypo-methylation levels of CpG sites and higher gene expression in cows diagnosed with mastitis as compared to the healthy control, and vice versa in those with CD4. DNA methylation was negatively correlated with gene expression in JAK2, STAT5A, and CD4 genes. Six, two, and four active transcription factors were identified on the CpG sites in the promoter regions of JAK2, STAT5A, and CD4 genes, respectively. Regarding correlation analysis, the DNA methylation levels of CD4 showed significantly higher positive correlations with somatic cell counts (p < 0.05). Findings of the current study inferred that aberrant DNA methylation in the CpG sites at the 1 kb promoter region in JAK2, STAT5A, and CD4 genes due to mastitis in cows can be used as potential epigenetic markers to estimate bovine mastitis susceptibility in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Usman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +92-313-092-0177 (T.U.); +86-10-62-734-611 (Y.Y.); Fax: +86-10-62-732-439 (Y.Y.)
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Yachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (T.U.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +92-313-092-0177 (T.U.); +86-10-62-734-611 (Y.Y.); Fax: +86-10-62-732-439 (Y.Y.)
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Santolla MF, Talia M, Maggiolini M. S100A4 Is Involved in Stimulatory Effects Elicited by the FGF2/FGFR1 Signaling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094720. [PMID: 33946884 PMCID: PMC8124532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast tumor subtype characterized by poor clinical outcome. In recent years, numerous advancements have been made to better understand the biological landscape of TNBC, though appropriate targets still remain to be determined. In the present study, we have determined that the expression levels of FGF2 and S100A4 are higher in TNBC with respect to non-TNBC patients when analyzing “The Invasive Breast Cancer Cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) dataset. In addition, we have found that the gene expression of FGF2 is positively correlated with S100A4 in TNBC samples. Performing quantitative PCR, Western blot, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, promoter studies, immunofluorescence analysis, subcellular fractionation studies, and ChIP assays, we have also demonstrated that FGF2 induces in TNBC cells the upregulation and secretion of S100A4 via FGFR1, along with the ERK1/2–AKT–c-Rel transduction signaling. Using conditioned medium from TNBC cells stimulated with FGF2, we have also ascertained that the paracrine activation of the S100A4/RAGE pathway triggers angiogenic effects in vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promotes the migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Collectively, our data provide novel insights into the action of the FGF2/FGFR1 axis through S100A4 toward stimulatory effects elicited in TNBC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/physiology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Paracrine Communication
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/physiology
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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3
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Li S, He Y, Li C, Liu X, Shen Y, Wu Y, Bai N, Li Q. The association between the methylation frequency of BRCA1/2 gene promoter and occurrence and prognosis of breast carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19345. [PMID: 32150073 PMCID: PMC7478499 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) is a promising tumor marker in many types of cancer. However, the methylation frequency of BRCA1/2 gene with occurrence risk and survival benefit of patients with breast carcinoma remains controversy. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation and the occurrence and prognosis in breast carcinoma based on a meta-analysis, meanwhile, this article explored the differential expression levels of BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and CNKI) were searched up to June 2019. The number of BRCA1/2 promoter methylation-positive and -negative patients in breast carcinoma patients were measured, and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between BRCA1/2 gene promoter methylation and the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients. Primary end points were presence of breast cancer, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS). Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 12.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fifty-eight articles including 19,084 individuals met full eligibility criteria. We observed that the frequency of BRCA1 gene promoter methylation was higher in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, and the prognostic analysis suggested that BRCA1 gene promoter methylation was significantly associated with poor overall survival and poor disease-free survival. This study also verified that there was no statistically significant difference in the methylation frequency of BRCA1 gene promoter between peripheral blood and tumor tissues in breast cancer patients, which suggests that the detection of BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood may be a non-invasive and rapid way to monitor the occurrence breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Yong He
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Chunli Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Xing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
| | - Yang Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Ningjing Bai
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children
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Nowacka-Zawisza M, Wiśnik E. DNA methylation and histone modifications as epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2587-2596. [PMID: 29048620 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in Poland after lung cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality after lung and colon cancer. The etiology of most cases of prostate cancer are not fully known, and therefore it is essential to search for the molecular basis of prostate cancer and markers for the early diagnosis of this type of cancer. Epigenetics deals with changes in gene expression that are not determined by changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes refer to changes in the structure of DNA, which are the result of DNA modification after replication and/or post-translational modification of proteins associated with DNA. In contrast to mutations, epigenetic changes are reversible and occur very rapidly. The major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, modification of histone proteins, chemical modification and chromatin remodeling changes in gene expression caused by microRNAs (miRNAs). Epigenetic changes play an important role in malignant transformation and can be specific to types of cancers including prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nowacka-Zawisza
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wiśnik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Tumor and serum DNA methylation in women receiving preoperative chemotherapy with or without vorinostat in TBCRC008. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 167:107-116. [PMID: 28918548 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylated gene markers have shown promise in predicting breast cancer outcomes and treatment response. We evaluated whether baseline and changes in tissue and serum methylation levels would predict pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with HER2-negative early breast cancer undergoing preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS The TBCRC008 trial investigated pCR following 12 weeks of preoperative carboplatin and albumin-bound paclitaxel + vorinostat/placebo (n = 62). We measured methylation of a 10-gene panel by quantitative multiplex methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and expressed results as cumulative methylation index (CMI). We evaluated association between CMI level [baseline, day 15 (D15), and change] and pCR using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models controlling for treatment and hormone receptor (HR) status, and performed exploratory subgroup analyses. RESULTS In univariate analysis, one log unit increase in tissue CMI levels at D15 was associated with 40% lower chance of obtaining pCR (odds ratio, OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.97; p = 0.037). Subgroup analyses suggested a significant association between tissue D15 CMI levels and pCR in vorinostat-treated [OR 0.44 (0.20, 0.93), p = 0.03], but not placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSION In this study investigating the predictive roles of tissue and serum CMI levels in patients with early breast cancer for the first time, we demonstrate that high D15 tissue CMI levels may predict poor response. Larger studies and improved analytical procedures to detect methylated gene markers in early stage breast cancer are needed. TBCRC008 is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00616967).
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6
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Vos S, Moelans CB, van Diest PJ. BRCA promoter methylation in sporadic versus BRCA germline mutation-related breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:64. [PMID: 28569220 PMCID: PMC5452400 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In breast cancer, BRCA promoter hypermethylation and BRCA germline mutations are said to occur together rarely, but this property has not yet been translated into a clinical test. Our aim in this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of BRCA1/2 methylation in distinguishing breast carcinomas of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation carriers from sporadic breast carcinomas using a recently developed BRCA methylation assay based on methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). Methods MS-MLPAs were performed to assess BRCA1 and BRCA2 methylation in breast carcinoma tissues from 39 BRCA1 and 33 BRCA2 germline mutation carriers, 80 patients with sporadic breast cancer, and normal breast tissues from 5 BRCA1 and 4 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 5 nonmutation carriers. Results Methylation frequencies varied considerably between CpG sites across the BRCA1 and BRCA2 promoters. Some CpG sites were methylated more frequently in BRCA1/2-related than in sporadic carcinomas, whereas other CpG sites were methylated more frequently in sporadic carcinomas, with large variances in sensitivity and specificity as a consequence. Conclusions The diagnostic value of BRCA promoter methylation analysis in distinguishing BRCA1/2-related from sporadic breast carcinomas seems to be considerably dependent on the targeted CpG sites. These findings are important for adequate use of BRCA methylation analysis as a prescreening tool for BRCA germline genetic testing or to identify BRCAness patients who may benefit from targeted therapies such as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Vos
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cathy Beatrice Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Joannes van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Büsselberg D, Florea AM. Targeting Intracellular Calcium Signaling ([Ca 2+] i) to Overcome Acquired Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells: A Mini-Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050048. [PMID: 28486397 PMCID: PMC5447958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a main public health problem all over the world. It affects millions of humans no matter their age, gender, education, or social status. Although chemotherapy is the main strategy for the treatment of cancer, a major problem limiting its success is the intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Therefore, cancer drug resistance is a major impediment in medical oncology resulting in a failure of a successful cancer treatment. This mini-overview focuses on the interdependent relationship between intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling and multidrug resistance of cancer cells, acquired upon treatment of tumors with anticancer drugs. We propose that [Ca2+]i signaling modulates gene expression of multidrug resistant (MDR) genes which in turn can be modulated by epigenetic factors which in turn leads to modified protein expression in drug resistant tumor cells. A precise knowledge of these mechanisms will help to develop new therapeutic strategies for drug resistant tumors and will improve current chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, POB 24144 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ana-Maria Florea
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Kadio B, Yaya S, Basak A, Djè K, Gomes J, Mesenge C. Calcium role in human carcinogenesis: a comprehensive analysis and critical review of literature. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:391-411. [PMID: 27514544 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The central role played by calcium ion in biological systems has generated an interest for its potential implication in human malignancies. Thus, lines of research, on possible association of calcium metabolism regulation with tumorigenesis, implying disruptions and/or alterations of known molecular pathways, have been extensively researched in the recent decades. This paper is a critical synthesis of these findings, based on a functional approach of the calcium signaling toolkit. It provides strong support that this ubiquitous divalent cation is involved in cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. Different pathways have been outlined, involving equally different molecular and cellular structures. However, if the association between calcium and cancer can be described as constant, it is not always linear. We have identified several influencing factors among which the most relevant are (i) the changes in local or tissular concentrations of free calcium and (ii) the histological and physiological types of tissue involved. Such versatility at the molecular level may probably account for the conflicting findings reported by the epidemiological literature on calcium dietary intake and the risk to develop certain cancers such as the prostatic or mammary neoplasms. However, it also fuels the hypothesis that behind each cancer, a specific calcium pathway can be evidenced. Identifying such molecular interactions is probably a promising approach for further understanding and treatment options for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Kadio
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Social Science Building, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Ajoy Basak
- Chronic Disease Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Koffi Djè
- Faculty of Médecine, Department of Urology, Allasane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Ivory Coast
| | - James Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Sweet TJ, Ting AH. WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: Diverse functions of DNA methylation: implications for prostate cancer and beyond. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T169-T178. [PMID: 27605446 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide. Current clinical screening ensures that most prostate cancers are diagnosed while still organ confined, but disease outcome is highly variable. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular features contributing to prostate cancer aggressiveness is being sought. For many cancers, aberrant genome-wide patterns of cytosine DNA methylation in CpG dinucleotides distinguish tumor from normal tissue and contribute to disease progression by altering the transcriptome. In prostate cancer, recent genomic studies identified cancer and high grade-specific differential DNA methylation in gene promoters, gene bodies, gene 3' ends and at distal regulatory elements. Using examples from developmental and disease systems, we will discuss how DNA methylation in each of these genomic contexts can contribute to transcriptome diversity by modulating transcription initiation, alternative transcription start site selection, alternative pre-mRNA splicing and alternative polyadenylation. Alternative transcripts from the same gene often exhibit altered protein-coding potential, translatability, stability and/or localization. All of these can have functional consequences in cells. In future work, it will be important to determine if DNA methylation abnormalities in prostate cancer modify the transcriptome through some or all of these mechanisms and if these DNA methylation-mediated transcriptome alterations impact prostate tumorigenesis and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Sweet
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Angela H Ting
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Liu B, Song J, Luan J, Sun X, Bai J, Wang H, Li A, Zhang L, Feng X, Du Z. Promoter methylation status of tumor suppressor genes and inhibition of expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1531-9. [PMID: 27190263 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216645211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic DNA modification catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). The purpose of this study was to investigate DNMT1 gene and protein expression and the effects of methylation status on tumor suppressor genes in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines grown in vitro and in vivo Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and H838, were grown in vitro and inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice to form tumors and were then treated with the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, with and without treatment with the benzamide histone deacetylase inhibitor, entinostat (MS-275). DNMT1 protein expression was quantified by Western blot. Promoter methylation status of tumor suppressor genes (RASSF1A, ASC, APC, MGMT, CDH13, DAPK, ECAD, P16, and GATA4) was evaluated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Methylation status of the tumor suppressor genes was regulated by the DNMT1 gene, with the decrease of DNMT1 expression following DNA methylation treatment. Demethylation of tumor suppressor genes (APC, ASC, and RASSF1A) restored tumor growth in nude mice. The results of this study support a role for methylation of DNA as a potential epigenetic clinical biomarker of prognosis or response to therapy and for DNMT1 as a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqing Liu
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Jianfei Song
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Jiaqiang Luan
- Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Jian Bai
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Angui Li
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Zhenzong Du
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
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Dai X, Guo W, Zhan C, Liu X, Bai Z, Yang Y. WDR5 Expression Is Prognostic of Breast Cancer Outcome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124964. [PMID: 26355959 PMCID: PMC4565643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
WDR5 is a core component of the human mixed lineage leukemia-2 complex, which plays central roles in ER positive tumour cells and is a major driver of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation. Given the similarities between breast and prostate cancers, we explore the potential prognostic value of WDR5 gene expression on breast cancer survival. Our findings reveal that WDR5 over-expression is associated with poor breast cancer clinical outcome in three gene expression data sets and BreastMark. The eQTL analysis reveals 130 trans-eQTL SNPs whose genes mapped with statistical significance are significantly associated with patient survival. These genes together with WDR5 are enriched with “cellular development, gene expression, cell cycle” signallings. Knocking down WDR5 in MCF7 dramatically decreases cell viability, but does not alter tumour cell response to doxorubicin. Our study reveals the prognostic value of WDR5 expression in breast cancer which is under long-range regulation of genes involved in cell cycle, and anthracycline could be coupled with treatments targeting WDR5 once such a regimen is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail: (YKY); (XFD)
| | - Wenwen Guo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunjun Zhan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail: (YKY); (XFD)
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13
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Abstract
In humans, the S100 protein family is composed of 21 members that exhibit a high degree of structural similarity, but are not functionally interchangeable. This family of proteins modulates cellular responses by functioning both as intracellular Ca(2+) sensors and as extracellular factors. Dysregulated expression of multiple members of the S100 family is a common feature of human cancers, with each type of cancer showing a unique S100 protein profile or signature. Emerging in vivo evidence indicates that the biology of most S100 proteins is complex and multifactorial, and that these proteins actively contribute to tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune evasion. Drug discovery efforts have identified leads for inhibiting several S100 family members, and two of the identified inhibitors have progressed to clinical trials in patients with cancer. This Review highlights new findings regarding the role of S100 family members in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the contribution of S100 signalling to tumour biology, and the discovery and development of S100 inhibitors for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R. Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - David J. Weber
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 20102, USA
| | - Danna B. Zimmer
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 20102, USA
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14
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Jeschke J, Collignon E, Fuks F. DNA methylome profiling beyond promoters - taking an epigenetic snapshot of the breast tumor microenvironment. FEBS J 2014; 282:1801-14. [PMID: 25331982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, one of the most common and deadliest malignancies in developed countries, is a remarkably heterogeneous disease, which is clinically reflected by patients who display similar pathological features but respond differently to treatments. In the search for mediators of responsiveness, the tumor microenvironment (TME), in particular tumor-associated immune cells, has been pushed into the spotlight as it has become clear that the TME is an active component of breast cancer disease that affects clinical outcomes. Thus, the characterization of the TME in terms of cell identities and their frequencies has generated a great deal of interest. The common methods currently used for this purpose are either limited in accuracy or application, and DNA methylation has recently been proposed as an alternative approach. The aim of this review is to discuss DNA methylation profiling beyond promoters as a potential clinical tool for TME characterization and cell typing within tumors. With respect to this, we review the role of DNA methylation in breast cancer and cell-lineage specification, as well as inform about the composition and clinical relevance of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jeschke
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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DNA methylation biomarkers: cancer and beyond. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:821-64. [PMID: 25229548 PMCID: PMC4198933 DOI: 10.3390/genes5030821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are naturally-occurring characteristics by which a particular pathological process or disease can be identified or monitored. They can reflect past environmental exposures, predict disease onset or course, or determine a patient's response to therapy. Epigenetic changes are such characteristics, with most epigenetic biomarkers discovered to date based on the epigenetic mark of DNA methylation. Many tissue types are suitable for the discovery of DNA methylation biomarkers including cell-based samples such as blood and tumor material and cell-free DNA samples such as plasma. DNA methylation biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive power are already in clinical trials or in a clinical setting for cancer. Outside cancer, strong evidence that complex disease originates in early life is opening up exciting new avenues for the detection of DNA methylation biomarkers for adverse early life environment and for estimation of future disease risk. However, there are a number of limitations to overcome before such biomarkers reach the clinic. Nevertheless, DNA methylation biomarkers have great potential to contribute to personalized medicine throughout life. We review the current state of play for DNA methylation biomarkers, discuss the barriers that must be crossed on the way to implementation in a clinical setting, and predict their future use for human disease.
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16
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DNA methylation status is more reliable than gene expression at detecting cancer in prostate biopsy. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:781-9. [PMID: 24937670 PMCID: PMC4134497 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We analysed critically the potential usefulness of RNA- and DNA-based biomarkers in supporting conventional histological diagnostic tests for prostate carcinoma (PCa) detection. Methods: Microarray profiling of gene expression and DNA methylation was performed on 16 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 32 cancerous and non-cancerous prostate samples extracted by radical prostatectomy. The predictive value of the selected biomarkers was validated by qPCR-based methods using tissue samples extracted from the 58 prostates and, separately, using 227 prostate core biopsies. Results: HOXC6, AMACR and PCA3 expression showed the best discrimination between PCa and BPH. All three genes were previously reported as the most promising mRNA-based markers for distinguishing cancerous lesions from benign prostate lesions; however, none were sufficiently sensitive and specific to meet the criteria for a PCa diagnostic biomarker. By contrast, DNA methylation levels of the APC, TACC2, RARB, DGKZ and HES5 promoter regions achieved high discriminating sensitivity and specificity, with area under the curve (AUCs) reaching 0.95−1.0. Only a small overlap was detected between the DNA methylation levels of PCa-positive and PCa-negative needle biopsies, with AUCs ranging between 0.854 and 0.899. Conclusions: DNA methylation-based biomarkers reflect the prostate malignancy and might be useful in supporting clinical decisions for suspected PCa following an initial negative prostate biopsy.
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Abstract
Epigenetic change is part of the carcinogenic process and a deep reservoir for biomarker discovery. Reversible methylation of cytosines is noteworthy because it can be measured accurately and easily by various molecular methods and DNA methylation patterns are linked to important tumourigenic pathways. Clinically relevant methylation changes are known in common human cancers such as cervix, prostate, breast, colon, bladder, stomach and lung. Differential methylation may have a central role in the development and outcome of most if not all human malignancies. The advent of deep sequencing holds great promise for epigenomics, with bioinformatics tools ready to reveal large numbers of new targets for prognosis and therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on two selected cancers, namely cervix and prostate, which illustrate the more general themes of epigenetic diagnostics in cancer. Also discussed is differential methylation of specific human and viral DNA targets and laboratory methods for measuring methylation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila T Lorincz
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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18
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Lehmann U. Aberrant DNA methylation of microRNA genes in human breast cancer - a critical appraisal. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:657-64. [PMID: 24509818 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation of regulatory sequences is a well-documented mechanism of functional deletion of genes with anti-tumourigenic properties including microRNAs. This review discusses the publications describing aberrant methylation of microRNA genes in human breast cancer cells. Among the anti-tumourigenic properties of epigenetically inactivated microRNA genes, the inhibition of proliferation and of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are the best studied. Several studies are conceptually very interesting and present a comprehensive functional characterization of anti-tumorigenic microRNAs. The link between microRNA expression and gene methylation is not addressed directly by all studies and a number of studies are limited in their strength by not including primary breast cancer specimens or by analysing very small sets of primary human specimens. The publications cover a wide range of DNA methylation detection techniques, often making direct comparison of results challenging. Despite the identification and thorough characterization of many interesting candidates and functionally important microRNA genes affected by DNA methylation, the translation of microRNA gene methylation as a new biomarker into the daily routine practice has not yet worked out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany,
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19
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Al-Rayyan N, Litchfield LM, Ivanova MM, Radde BN, Cheng A, Elbedewy A, Klinge CM. 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A increase COUP-TFII expression in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:139-50. [PMID: 24513177 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COUP-TFII is reduced in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells and is negatively associated with tumor grade. Transient re-expression of COUP-TFII restores antiestrogen sensitivity in resistant LCC2 and LCC9 cells and repression of COUP-TFII results in antiestrogen-resistance in MCF-7 endocrine-sensitive cells. We addressed the hypothesis that reduced COUP-TFII expression in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells results from epigenetic modification. The NR2F2 gene encoding COUP-TFII includes seven CpG islands, including one in the 5' promoter and one in exon 1. Treatment of LCC2 and LCC9 endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, +/- trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, increased COUP-TFII suggesting that the decrease in COUP-TFII is mediated by epigenetic changes. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) revealed higher methylation of NR2F2 in the first exon in LCC2 and LCC9 cells compared to MCF-7 cells and AZA reduced this methylation. Translational importance is suggested by Cancer Methylome System (CMS) analysis revealing that breast tumors have increased COUP-TFII (NR2F2) promoter and gene methylation versus normal breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Al-Rayyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Brandie N Radde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Alan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ahmed Elbedewy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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