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Hinneh JA, Gillis JL, Mah CY, Irani S, Shrestha RK, Ryan NK, Atsushi E, Nassar ZD, Lynn DJ, Selth LA, Kato M, Centenera MM, Butler LM. Targeting hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) enhances response to androgen receptor signalling inhibitors in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1350-1361. [PMID: 37673961 PMCID: PMC10575850 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSIs) represents a major clinical challenge in prostate cancer. We previously demonstrated that the ARSI enzalutamide inhibits only a subset of all AR-regulated genes, and hypothesise that the unaffected gene networks represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. This study identified the hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) as a survival factor in prostate cancer and investigated its potential as a co-target for overcoming resistance to ARSIs. METHODS RNA-seq, RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used to evaluate the regulation of HMMR by AR and ARSIs. HMMR inhibition was achieved via siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) in prostate cancer cell lines, a mouse xenograft model and patient-derived explants (PDEs). RESULTS HMMR was an AR-regulated factor that was unaffected by ARSIs. Genetic (siRNA) or pharmacological (4-MU) inhibition of HMMR significantly suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in hormone-sensitive and enzalutamide-resistant models of prostate cancer. Mechanistically, 4-MU inhibited AR nuclear translocation, AR protein expression and subsequent downstream AR signalling. 4-MU enhanced the growth-suppressive effects of 3 different ARSIs in vitro and, in combination with enzalutamide, restricted proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in PDEs. CONCLUSION Co-targeting HMMR and AR represents an effective strategy for improving response to ARSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine A Hinneh
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Freemason's Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Joanna L Gillis
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Chui Yan Mah
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Freemason's Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Swati Irani
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Raj K Shrestha
- Freemason's Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Natalie K Ryan
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Enomoto Atsushi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Freemason's Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Freemason's Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Freemason's Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Freemason's Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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2
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Bowling GC, Rands MG, Dobi A, Eldhose B. Emerging Developments in ETS-Positive Prostate Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:168-178. [PMID: 36511830 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a global health concern, which has a low survival rate in its advanced stages. Even though second-generation androgen receptor-axis inhibitors serve as the mainstay treatment options, utmost of the metastatic cases progress into castration-resistant prostate cancer after their initial treatment response with poor prognostic outcomes. Hence, there is a dire need to develop effective inhibitors that aim the causal oncogenes tangled in the prostate cancer initiation and progression. Molecular-targeted therapy against E-26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors, particularly ETS-related gene, has gained wide attention as a potential treatment strategy. ETS rearrangements with the male hormone responsive transmembrane protease serine 2 promoter defines a significant number of prostate cancer cases and is responsible for cancer initiation and progression. Notably, inhibition of ETS activity has shown to reduce tumorigenesis, thus highlighting its potential as a clinical therapeutic target. In this review, we recapitulate the various targeted drug approaches, including small molecules, peptidomimetics, nucleic acids, and many others, aimed to suppress ETS activity. Several inhibitors have demonstrated ERG antagonist activity in prostate cancer, but further investigations into their molecular mechanisms and impacts on nontumor ETS-containing tissues is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gartrell C Bowling
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mitchell G Rands
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Binil Eldhose
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
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3
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Fu X, Liu J, Yan X, DiSanto ME, Zhang X. Heat Shock Protein 70 and 90 Family in Prostate Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1489. [PMID: 36294924 PMCID: PMC9605364 DOI: 10.3390/life12101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer that affects aging men worldwide. However, its exact pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. The heat shock protein (HSP) family has cell-protective properties that may promote tumor growth and protect cancer cells from death. On a cellular level, HSP molecules have a strong relationship with multiple important biological processes, such as cell differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and fibrosis. Because of the facilitation of HSP family molecules on tumorigenesis, a number of agents and inhibitors are being developed with potent antitumor effects whose target site is the critical structure of HSP molecules. Among all target molecules, HSP70 family and HSP90 are two groups that have been well studied, and therefore, the development of their inhibitors makes great progress. Only a small number of agents, however, have been clinically tested in recruited patients. As a result, more clinical studies are warranted for the establishment of the relationship between the HSP70 family, alongside the HSP90 molecule, and prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Fu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Michael E. DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
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4
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Chen Y, Zhou Q, Hankey W, Fang X, Yuan F. Second generation androgen receptor antagonists and challenges in prostate cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:632. [PMID: 35864113 PMCID: PMC9304354 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a hormone-dependent malignancy, whose onset and progression are closely related to the activity of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Due to this critical role of AR signaling in driving prostate cancer, therapy targeting the AR pathway has been the mainstay strategy for metastatic prostate cancer treatment. The utility of these agents has expanded with the emergence of second-generation AR antagonists, which began with the approval of enzalutamide in 2012 by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Together with apalutamide and darolutamide, which were approved in 2018 and 2019, respectively, these agents have improved the survival of patients with prostate cancer, with applications for both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant disease. While patients receiving these drugs receive a benefit in the form of prolonged survival, they are not cured and ultimately progress to lethal neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Here we summarize the current state of AR antagonist development and highlight the emerging challenges of their clinical application and the potential resistance mechanisms, which might be addressed by combination therapies or the development of novel AR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - William Hankey
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 271000 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Fuwen Yuan
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203 Shanghai, China
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5
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Parveen SMA, Natani S, Sruthi K K, Khilar P, Ummanni R. HIF-1α and Nrf2 regulates hypoxia induced overexpression of DDAH1 through promoter activation in prostate cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106232. [PMID: 35644470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and promotes PCa progression in in vivo through the ADMA-NO pathway by degrading nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethylamine arginine (L-NMMA). In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the overexpression of DDAH1 in PCa and examined its potential role as a therapeutic target. We observed that DDAH1expression is elevated in PCa (PC3, LNCaP, and DU145) cell lines under hypoxia. ChIP and reporter assay results confirmed that DDAH1 expression is positively regulated by HIF-1α through directly binding to the hypoxia response elements (HRE) located within the promoter region between - 1242/- 1238 upstream of its transcription start site (TSS). Under hypoxia, HIF-1α is translocated into the nucleus and activates its target gene expression in PC3 cells. Interestingly, in the event of HIF-1α inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown, an alternative transcription factor Nrf2 promotes DDAH1 expression through antioxidant response elements (AREs) on its promoter. ChIP assay results showed that Nrf2 binds to AREs located between -1016 / -1008 bp from the TSS of DDAH1. Furthermore, knockdown of PCa therapeutic target HSP90, an essential co-factor for both HIF-1α and Nrf2 causes attenuation of hypoxia induced DDAH1 overexpression in PCa cells. These results demonstrate that hypoxia induced upregulation of DDAH1 expression is positively regulated by HIF-1α and Nrf2 in association with HSP90. Therefore, targeting tumor angiogenesis promoting DDAH1 along with standard androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapy may offer an effective strategy to prevent PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakkarai Mohamed Asha Parveen
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sirisha Natani
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sruthi K K
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Khilar
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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6
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The Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1 Directly Regulates Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101414. [PMID: 34785213 PMCID: PMC8668986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc-downregulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has potent anticancer effects and inhibits cell growth, survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Previous studies suggested that NDRG1 is linked to the androgen signaling network, but this mechanistic relationship is unclear. Considering the crucial role of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, here we examined for the first time the effect of NDRG1 on AR expression, activation, and downstream signaling in LNCaP, 22Rv1, and C4-2B PCa cell types. We demonstrate that NDRG1 effectively promotes interaction of AR with the chaperone HSP90, which in turn stabilizes the AR while decreasing its androgen-mediated activation. The expression of NDRG1 suppressed: (1) AR activation, as measured by p-ARSer213 and p-ARSer81; (2) expression of a major AR transcriptional target, prostate-specific antigen (PSA); and (3) AR transcriptional activity, probably via inhibiting the c-Jun-AR interaction by reducing c-Jun phosphorylation (p-c-JunSer63). NDRG1 was also demonstrated to inhibit multiple key molecules involved in androgen-dependent and -independent signaling (namely EGFR, HER2, HER3, PI3K, STAT3, and NF-κB), which promote the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. We also identified the cysteine-rich secretory protein/antigen 5/pathogenesis related-1 (CAP) domain of NDRG1 as vital for inhibition of AR activity. Examining NDRG1 and p-NDRG1 in PCa patient specimens revealed a significant negative correlation between NDRG1 and PSA levels in prostatectomy patients that went on to develop metastasis. These results highlight a vital role for NDRG1 in androgen signaling and its potential as a key therapeutic target and biomarker in PCa.
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7
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Sanmukh SG, dos Santos NJ, Barquilha CN, Cucielo MS, de Carvalho M, dos Reis PP, Delella FK, Carvalho HF, Felisbino SL. Bacteriophages M13 and T4 Increase the Expression of Anchorage-Dependent Survival Pathway Genes and Down Regulate Androgen Receptor Expression in LNCaP Prostate Cell Line. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091754. [PMID: 34578333 PMCID: PMC8473360 DOI: 10.3390/v13091754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild-type or engineered bacteriophages have been reported as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several types of diseases, including cancer. They might be used either as naked phages or as carriers of antitumor molecules. Here, we evaluate the role of bacteriophages M13 and T4 in modulating the expression of genes related to cell adhesion, growth, and survival in the androgen-responsive LNCaP prostatic adenocarcinoma-derived epithelial cell line. LNCaP cells were exposed to either bacteriophage M13 or T4 at a concentration of 1 × 105 pfu/mL, 1 × 106 pfu/mL, and 1 × 107 pfu/mL for 24, 48, and 72 h. After exposure, cells were processed for general morphology, cell viability assay, and gene expression analyses. Neither M13 nor T4 exposure altered cellular morphology, but both decreased the MTT reduction capacity of LNCaP cells at different times of treatment. In addition, genes AKT, ITGA5, ITGB1, ITGB3, ITGB5, MAPK3, and PI3K were significantly up-regulated, whilst the genes AR, HSPB1, ITGAV, and PGC1A were down-regulated. Our results show that bacteriophage M13 and T4 interact with LNCaP cells and effectively promote gene expression changes related to anchorage-dependent survival and androgen signaling. In conclusion, phage therapy may increase the response of PCa treatment with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Ganesh Sanmukh
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (S.G.S.); (N.J.d.S.); (C.N.B.); (M.S.C.); (F.K.D.)
| | - Nilton José dos Santos
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (S.G.S.); (N.J.d.S.); (C.N.B.); (M.S.C.); (F.K.D.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Caroline Nascimento Barquilha
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (S.G.S.); (N.J.d.S.); (C.N.B.); (M.S.C.); (F.K.D.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (S.G.S.); (N.J.d.S.); (C.N.B.); (M.S.C.); (F.K.D.)
| | - Márcio de Carvalho
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.d.C.); (P.P.d.R.)
| | - Patricia Pintor dos Reis
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.d.C.); (P.P.d.R.)
| | - Flávia Karina Delella
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (S.G.S.); (N.J.d.S.); (C.N.B.); (M.S.C.); (F.K.D.)
| | - Hernandes F. Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Sérgio Luis Felisbino
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (S.G.S.); (N.J.d.S.); (C.N.B.); (M.S.C.); (F.K.D.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Gillis JL, Hinneh JA, Ryan NK, Irani S, Moldovan M, Quek LE, Shrestha RK, Hanson AR, Xie J, Hoy AJ, Holst J, Centenera MM, Mills IG, Lynn DJ, Selth LA, Butler LM. A feedback loop between the androgen receptor and 6-phosphogluoconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) drives prostate cancer growth. eLife 2021; 10:62592. [PMID: 34382934 PMCID: PMC8416027 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the androgen receptor (AR) signalling axis and cellular metabolism are hallmarks of prostate cancer. This study provides insight into both hallmarks by uncovering a novel link between AR and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Specifically, we identify 6-phosphogluoconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) as an androgen-regulated gene that is upregulated in prostate cancer. AR increased the expression of 6PGD indirectly via activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Accordingly, loss of 6PGD, AR or SREBP1 resulted in suppression of PPP activity as revealed by 1,2-13C2 glucose metabolic flux analysis. Knockdown of 6PGD also impaired growth and elicited death of prostate cancer cells, at least in part due to increased oxidative stress. We investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting 6PGD using two specific inhibitors, physcion and S3, and observed substantial anti-cancer activity in multiple models of prostate cancer, including aggressive, therapy-resistant models of castration-resistant disease as well as prospectively collected patient-derived tumour explants. Targeting of 6PGD was associated with two important tumour-suppressive mechanisms: first, increased activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which repressed anabolic growth-promoting pathways regulated by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1); and second, enhanced AR ubiquitylation, associated with a reduction in AR protein levels and activity. Supporting the biological relevance of positive feedback between AR and 6PGD, pharmacological co-targeting of both factors was more effective in suppressing the growth of prostate cancer cells than single-agent therapies. Collectively, this work provides new insight into the dysregulated metabolism of prostate cancer and provides impetus for further investigation of co-targeting AR and the PPP as a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Gillis
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Josephine A Hinneh
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natalie K Ryan
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Swati Irani
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Max Moldovan
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Raj K Shrestha
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia.,Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrienne R Hanson
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Jianling Xie
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David J Lynn
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia.,Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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9
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Maitland NJ. Resistance to Antiandrogens in Prostate Cancer: Is It Inevitable, Intrinsic or Induced? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:327. [PMID: 33477370 PMCID: PMC7829888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly sophisticated therapies for chemical castration dominate first-line treatments for locally advanced prostate cancer. However, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) offers little prospect of a cure, as resistant tumors emerge rather rapidly, normally within 30 months. Cells have multiple mechanisms of resistance to even the most sophisticated drug regimes, and both tumor cell heterogeneity in prostate cancer and the multiple salvage pathways result in castration-resistant disease related genetically to the original hormone-naive cancer. The timing and mechanisms of cell death after ADT for prostate cancer are not well understood, and off-target effects after long-term ADT due to functional extra-prostatic expression of the androgen receptor protein are now increasingly being recorded. Our knowledge of how these widely used treatments fail at a biological level in patients is deficient. In this review, I will discuss whether there are pre-existing drug-resistant cells in a tumor mass, or whether resistance is induced/selected by the ADT. Equally, what is the cell of origin of this resistance, and does it differ from the treatment-naïve tumor cells by differentiation or dedifferentiation? Conflicting evidence also emerges from studies in the range of biological systems and species employed to answer this key question. It is only by improving our understanding of this aspect of treatment and not simply devising another new means of androgen inhibition that we can improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman J Maitland
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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10
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Hawsawi YM, Zailaie SA, Oyouni AAA, Alzahrani OR, Alamer OM, Aljohani SAS. Prostate cancer and therapeutic challenges. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (THESSALONIKE, GREECE) 2020; 27:20. [PMID: 33303035 PMCID: PMC7730758 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in men worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the rate of PC is increasing annually. The sex steroid hormones androgens and their receptors have critical roles in PC development and progression. Additionally, apoptosis-related proteins such as heat-shock proteins are vital molecules in PC development. Steroid hormone-deprivation therapies remain the essential treatment for patients with metastatic PCs; however, acquired resistance to hormone deprivation and the transition to PC androgen independence is a major health obstacle. In this review, we aim to detail the roles of androgens, androgen receptors and sex steroid hormones in inducing apoptosis in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef MohammedRabaa Hawsawi
- Saudi Human Genome Program-Jeddah Satellite Laboratory, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samar Abdullah Zailaie
- Saudi Human Genome Program-Jeddah Satellite Laboratory, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Othman Rashed Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Mohamed Alamer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ali S Aljohani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Almadinah Almunawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Nassar ZD, Mah CY, Centenera MM, Irani S, Sadowski MC, Scott JS, Nguyen EV, Nagarajan SR, Moldovan M, Lynn DJ, Daly RJ, Hoy AJ, Butler LM. Fatty Acid Oxidation Is an Adaptive Survival Pathway Induced in Prostate Tumors by HSP90 Inhibition. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1500-1511. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Pungsrinont T, Sutter MF, Ertingshausen MCCM, Lakshmana G, Kokal M, Khan AS, Baniahmad A. Senolytic compounds control a distinct fate of androgen receptor agonist- and antagonist-induced cellular senescent LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:59. [PMID: 32351687 PMCID: PMC7183592 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The benefit of inducing cellular senescence as a tumor suppressive strategy remains questionable due to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Hence, studies and development of senolytic compounds that induce cell death in senescent cells have recently emerged. Senescent cells are hypothesized to exhibit different upregulated pro-survival/anti-apoptotic networks depending on the senescent inducers. This might limit the effect of a particular senolytic compound that targets rather only a specific pathway. Interestingly, cellular senescence in prostate cancer (PCa) cells can be induced by either androgen receptor (AR) agonists at supraphysiological androgen level (SAL) used in bipolar androgen therapy or by AR antagonists. This challenges to define ligand-specific senolytic compounds. Results Here, we first induced cellular senescence by treating androgen-sensitive PCa LNCaP cells with either SAL or the AR antagonist Enzalutamide (ENZ). Subsequently, cells were incubated with the HSP90 inhibitor Ganetespib (GT), the Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT263, or the Akt inhibitor MK2206 to analyze senolysis. GT and ABT263 are known senolytic compounds. We observed that GT exhibits senolytic activity specifically in SAL-pretreated PCa cells. Mechanistically, GT treatment results in reduction of AR, Akt, and phospho-S6 (p-S6) protein levels. Surprisingly, ABT263 lacks senolytic effect in both AR agonist- and antagonist-pretreated cells. ABT263 treatment does not affect AR, Akt, or S6 protein levels. Treatment with MK2206 does not reduce AR protein level and, as expected, potently inhibits Akt phosphorylation. However, ENZ-induced cellular senescent cells undergo apoptosis by MK2206, whereas SAL-treated cells are resistant. In line with this, we reveal that the pro-survival p-S6 level is higher in SAL-induced cellular senescent PCa cells compared to ENZ-treated cells. These data indicate a difference in the agonist- or antagonist-induced cellular senescence and suggest a novel role of MK2206 as a senolytic agent preferentially for AR antagonist-treated cells. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggest that both AR agonist and antagonist induce cellular senescence but differentially upregulate a pro-survival signaling which preferentially sensitize androgen-sensitive PCa LNCaP cells to a specific senolytic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanakorn Pungsrinont
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Malika Franziska Sutter
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany.,2Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gopinath Lakshmana
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam Kokal
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Amir Saeed Khan
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany.,3Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
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13
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Rooney JP, Chorley B, Kleinstreuer N, Corton JC. Identification of Androgen Receptor Modulators in a Prostate Cancer Cell Line Microarray Compendium. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:146-162. [PMID: 30085300 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput transcriptomic (HTTr) technologies are increasingly being used to screen environmental chemicals in vitro to identify molecular targets and provide mechanistic context for regulatory testing. Here, we describe the development and validation of a novel gene expression biomarker to identify androgen receptor (AR)-modulating chemicals using a pattern matching method. Androgen receptor biomarker genes were identified by their consistent expression after exposure to 4 AR agonists and 4 AR antagonists and included only those genes that were regulated by AR. The 51 gene biomarker was evaluated as a predictive tool using the fold-change, rank-based Running Fisher algorithm. Using 158 comparisons from cells treated with 95 chemicals, the biomarker gave balanced accuracies for prediction of AR activation or AR suppression of 97% or 98%, respectively. The biomarker correctly classified 16 out of the 17 AR reference antagonists including those that are "weak" and "very weak". Predictions based on microarray profiles from AR-positive LAPC-4 cells treated with 28 chemicals in antagonist mode were compared with those from an AR pathway model which used 11 in vitro HT assays. The balanced accuracy for suppression was 93%. Using our approach, we identified conditions in which AR was modulated in a large collection of microarray profiles from prostate cancer cell lines including (1) constitutively active mutants or knockdown of AR, (2) decreases in availability of androgens by castration or removal from media, and (3) exposure to chemical modulators that work through indirect mechanisms including suppression of AR expression. These results demonstrate that the AR gene expression biomarker could be a useful tool in HTTr to identify AR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Rooney
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.,Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Brian Chorley
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, NTP, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - J Christopher Corton
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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14
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Centenera MM, Selth LA, Ebrahimie E, Butler LM, Tilley WD. New Opportunities for Targeting the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:a030478. [PMID: 29530945 PMCID: PMC6280715 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent genomic analyses of metastatic prostate cancer have provided important insight into adaptive changes in androgen receptor (AR) signaling that underpin resistance to androgen deprivation therapies. Novel strategies are required to circumvent these AR-mediated resistance mechanisms and thereby improve prostate cancer survival. In this review, we present a summary of AR structure and function and discuss mechanisms of AR-mediated therapy resistance that represent important areas of focus for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Centenera
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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15
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Proteostasis by STUB1/HSP70 complex controls sensitivity to androgen receptor targeted therapy in advanced prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4700. [PMID: 30446660 PMCID: PMC6240084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a potential mechanism that contributes to cancer cell survival and drug resistance. Constitutively active androgen receptor (AR) variants confer anti-androgen resistance in advanced prostate cancer. However, the role of proteostasis involved in next generation anti-androgen resistance and the mechanisms of AR variant regulation are poorly defined. Here we show that the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) is suppressed in enzalutamide/abiraterone resistant prostate cancer. AR/AR-V7 proteostasis requires the interaction of E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 and HSP70 complex. STUB1 disassociates AR/AR-V7 from HSP70, leading to AR/AR-V7 ubiquitination and degradation. Inhibition of HSP70 significantly inhibits prostate tumor growth and improves enzalutamide/abiraterone treatments through AR/AR-V7 suppression. Clinically, HSP70 expression is upregulated and correlated with AR/AR-V7 levels in high Gleason score prostate tumors. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of anti-androgen resistance via UPS alteration which could be targeted through inhibition of HSP70 to reduce AR-V7 expression and overcome resistance to AR-targeted therapies.
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16
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McClurg UL, Cork DMW, Darby S, Ryan-Munden CA, Nakjang S, Mendes Côrtes L, Treumann A, Gaughan L, Robson CN. Identification of a novel K311 ubiquitination site critical for androgen receptor transcriptional activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1793-1804. [PMID: 27903893 PMCID: PMC5389688 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is the main driver of prostate cancer (PC) development and progression, and the primary therapeutic target in PC. To date, two functional ubiquitination sites have been identified on AR, both located in its C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). Recent reports highlight the emergence of AR splice variants lacking the LBD that can arise during disease progression and contribute to castrate resistance. Here, we report a novel N-terminal ubiquitination site at lysine 311. Ubiquitination of this site plays a role in AR stability and is critical for its transcriptional activity. Inactivation of this site causes AR to accumulate on chromatin and inactivates its transcriptional function as a consequence of inability to bind to p300. Additionally, mutation at lysine 311 affects cellular transcriptome altering the expression of genes involved in chromatin organization, signaling, adhesion, motility, development and metabolism. Even though this site is present in clinically relevant AR-variants it can only be ubiquitinated in cells when AR retains LBD suggesting a role for AR C-terminus in E2/E3 substrate recognition. We report that as a consequence AR variants lacking the LBD cannot be ubiquitinated in the cellular environment and their protein turnover must be regulated via an alternate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula L McClurg
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David M W Cork
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Steven Darby
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Claudia A Ryan-Munden
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.,Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Leticia Mendes Côrtes
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Achim Treumann
- Newcastle University Protein and Proteome Analysis, Devonshire Building, Devonshire Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Luke Gaughan
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig N Robson
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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17
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Suárez Del Pino JA, Kolhatkar R. Delivery of HSP90 Inhibitor Using Water Soluble Polymeric Conjugates with High Drug Payload. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2735-2748. [PMID: 28913790 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HSP90 (Heat shock protein 90kD) has been validated as a therapeutic target in Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer. Unfortunately, HSP90 inhibitors suffer from dose-limiting toxicities that hinder their clinical applications. Previously developed polymeric delivery systems for HSP90 inhibitors had either low drug content or low biological activity suggesting the need for better delivery system for HSP90 inhibitors. METHODS We developed a simplified synthetic strategy to prepare polyethylene glycol based water-soluble polymeric system for model HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GDM). We then investigated the effect of cathepsin B degradable linker and drug content in polymeric conjugates on their growth inhibitory property using DU145 (androgen independent) and LNCaP (androgen dependent) cell lines. RESULTS Water-soluble polymeric conjugates were synthesized with GDM content ranging from 9 to 30% wt/wt. We demonstrated the importance of cathepsin B degradable linker from the context of drug content and different prostate cancer cell lines. The most active conjugate against DU145 cells exhibited IC50 value of 2.9 μM. This was similar to the IC50 (2.1 μM) of small molecular drug aminohexane geldanamycin. CONCLUSION Water-soluble polymeric conjugate with high drug content was synthesized that exhibited in-vitro growth inhibitory activity similar to small molecular weight HSP90 inhibitor. Graphical Abstract Water soluble degradable polymeric conjugate for the delivery of Geldanamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Suárez Del Pino
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rm N302, Rockford, Illinois, 61107, USA
| | - Rohit Kolhatkar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rm N302, Rockford, Illinois, 61107, USA.
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18
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Chen L, Li J, Farah E, Sarkar S, Ahmad N, Gupta S, Larner J, Liu X. Cotargeting HSP90 and Its Client Proteins for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2107-18. [PMID: 27390342 PMCID: PMC5010925 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the later stage of prostate cancer when the disease has stopped responding to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). It has been established that androgen receptor (AR) reactivation is responsible for the recurrence of prostate cancer after ADT. Thus, targeting different pathways that regulate AR stability and activity should be a promising strategy for treatment of CRPC. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are chaperones that modify stability and activity of their client proteins. HSP90, a major player in the HSP family, regulates stability of many proteins, including AR and Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a critical regulator of many cell-cycle events. Further, HSP90 is overexpressed in different cancers, including prostate cancer. Herein, we show that cotreatment of prostate cancer with AR antagonist enzalutamide and HSP90 inhibitor leads to more severe cell death due to a synergistic reduction of AR protein. Interestingly, we show that overexpression of Plk1 rescued the synergistic effect and that cotargeting HSP90 and Plk1 also leads to more severe cell death. Mechanistically, we show that E3 ligase CHIP, in addition to targeting AR, is responsible for the degradation of Plk1 as well. These findings suggest that cotargeting HSP90 and some of its client proteins may be a useful strategy in treatment of CRPC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2107-18. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Elia Farah
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sukumar Sarkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Larner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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19
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Pelekanou V, Castanas E. Androgen Control in Prostate Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2224-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Pelekanou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
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