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Hurst R, Brewer DS, Gihawi A, Wain J, Cooper CS. Cancer invasion and anaerobic bacteria: new insights into mechanisms. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73:001817. [PMID: 38535967 PMCID: PMC10995961 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that altered microbiota abundance of a range of specific anaerobic bacteria are associated with cancer, including Peptoniphilus spp., Porphyromonas spp., Fusobacterium spp., Fenollaria spp., Prevotella spp., Sneathia spp., Veillonella spp. and Anaerococcus spp. linked to multiple cancer types. In this review we explore these pathogenic associations. The mechanisms by which bacteria are known or predicted to interact with human cells are reviewed and we present an overview of the interlinked mechanisms and hypotheses of how multiple intracellular anaerobic bacterial pathogens may act together to cause host cell and tissue microenvironment changes associated with carcinogenesis and cancer cell invasion. These include combined effects on changes in cell signalling, DNA damage, cellular metabolism and immune evasion. Strategies for early detection and eradication of anaerobic cancer-associated bacterial pathogens that may prevent cancer progression are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hurst
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Daniel S. Brewer
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Abraham Gihawi
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - John Wain
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
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2
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Snaterse G, Taylor AE, Moll JM, O'Neil DM, Teubel WJ, van Weerden WM, Arlt W, Hofland J. Prostate cancer androgen biosynthesis relies solely on CYP17A1 downstream metabolites. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 236:106446. [PMID: 38104728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is dependent on androgen receptor (AR) activation by testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Intratumoral androgen accumulation and activation despite systemic androgen deprivation therapy underlies the development of castration-resistant PC (CRPC), but the precise pathways involved remain controversial. Here we investigated the differential contributions of de novo androgen biosynthesis and androgen precursor conversion to androgen accumulation. Steroid flux analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on (CR)PC cell lines and fresh patient PC tissue slices after incubation with classic and alternative biosynthesis intermediates, alongside quantitative PCR analysis for steroidogenic enzyme expression. Activity of CYP17A1 was undetectable in all PC cell lines and patient PC tissue slices. Instead, steroid flux analysis confirmed the generation of testosterone and DHT from adrenal precursors and reactivation of androgen metabolites. Precursor steroids upstream of DHEA were converted down the first steps of the alternative DHT biosynthesis pathway, but did not proceed through to active androgen generation. Comprehensive steroid flux analysis of (CR)PC cells provides strong evidence against intratumoral de novo androgen biosynthesis and demonstrates that androgen precursor steroids downstream of CYP17A1 activities constitute the major source of intracrine androgen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Snaterse
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Matthijs Moll
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Donna M O'Neil
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wilma J Teubel
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Girel S, Markin PA, Tobolkina E, Boccard J, Moskaleva NE, Rudaz S, Appolonova SA. Comprehensive plasma steroidomics reveals subtle alterations of systemic steroid profile in patients at different stages of prostate cancer disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1577. [PMID: 38238434 PMCID: PMC10796437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The steroid submetabolome, or steroidome, is of particular interest in prostate cancer (PCa) as the dependence of PCa growth on androgens is well known and has been routinely exploited in treatment for decades. Nevertheless, the community is still far from a comprehensive understanding of steroid involvement in PCa both at the tissue and at systemic level. In this study we used liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) backed by a dynamic retention time database DynaSTI to obtain a readout on circulating steroids in a cohort reflecting a progression of the PCa. Hence, 60 relevant compounds were annotated in the resulting LC/HRMS data, including 22 unknown steroid isomers therein. Principal component analysis revealed only subtle alterations of the systemic steroidome in the study groups. Next, a supervised approach allowed for a differentiation between the healthy state and any of the stages of the disease. Subsequent clustering of steroid metabolites revealed two groups responsible for this outcome: one consisted primarily of the androgens, whereas another contained corticosterone and its metabolites. The androgen data supported the currently established involvement of a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the development of PCa, whereas biological role of corticosterone remained elusive. On top of that, current results suggested a need for improvement in the dynamic range of the analytical methods to better understand the role of low abundant steroids, as the analysis revealed an involvement of estrogen metabolites. In particular, 2-hydroxyestradiol-3-methylether, one of the compounds present in the disease phenotype, was annotated and reported for the first time in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Girel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pavel A Markin
- World-Class Research Center Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Tobolkina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Natalia E Moskaleva
- World-Class Research Center Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Svetlana A Appolonova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Kim D, Jeong J, Choi J. Exploring the potential of ToxCast™ data for mechanism-based prioritization of chemicals in regulatory context: Case study with priority existing chemicals (PECs) under K-REACH. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:105439. [PMID: 37392832 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of ToxCast™ database to mechanism-based prioritization of chemicals. To explore the applicability of ToxCast data in the context of regulatory inventory chemicals, we screened 510 priority existing chemicals (PECs) regulated under the Act on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemical Substances (K-REACH) using ToxCast bioassays. In our analysis, a hit-call data matrix containing 298984 chemical-gene interactions was computed for 949 bioassays with the intended target genes, which enabled the identification of the putative toxicity mechanisms. Based on the reactivity to the chemicals, we analyzed 412 bioassays whose intended target gene families were cytochrome P450, oxidoreductase, transporter, nuclear receptor, steroid hormone, and DNA-binding. We also identified 141 chemicals based on their reactivity in the bioassays. These chemicals are mainly in consumer products including colorants, preservatives, air fresheners, and detergents. Our analysis revealed that in vitro bioactivities were involved in the relevant mechanisms inducing in vivo toxicity; however, this was not sufficient to predict more hazardous chemicals. Overall, the current results point to a potential and limitation in using ToxCast data for chemical prioritization in regulatory context in the absence of suitable in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeon Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Relationship between 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) as Systemic Biomarker of Lipid Peroxidation and Metabolomic Profiling of Patients with Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010145. [PMID: 36671530 PMCID: PMC9855859 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An oxidative degradation product of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), is of particular interest in cancer research due to its concentration-dependent pleiotropic activities affecting cellular antioxidants, metabolism, and growth control. Although an increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation was already associated with prostate cancer progression a few decades ago, the knowledge of the involvement of 4-HNE in prostate cancer tumorigenesis is limited. This study investigated the appearance of 4-HNE-protein adducts in prostate cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry using a genuine 4-HNE monoclonal antibody. Plasma samples of the same patients and samples of the healthy controls were also analyzed for the presence of 4-HNE-protein adducts, followed by metabolic profiling using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS and GC-EI-Q-MS. Finally, the analysis of the metabolic pathways affected by 4-HNE was performed. The obtained results revealed the absence of 4-HNE-protein adducts in prostate carcinoma tissue but increased 4-HNE-protein levels in the plasma of these patients. Metabolomics revealed a positive association of different long-chain and medium-chain fatty acids with the presence of prostate cancer. Furthermore, while linoleic acid positively correlated with the levels of 4-HNE-protein adducts in the blood of healthy men, no correlation was obtained for cancer patients indicating altered lipid metabolism in this case. The metabolic pathway of unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis emerged as significantly affected by 4-HNE. Overall, this is the first study linking 4-HNE adduction to plasma proteins with specific alterations in the plasma metabolome of prostate cancer patients. This study revealed that increased 4-HNE plasma protein adducts could modulate the unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis pathway. It is yet to be determined if this is a direct result of 4-HNE or whether they are produced by the same underlying mechanisms. Further mechanistic studies are needed to grasp the biological significance of the observed changes in prostate cancer tumorigenesis.
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Zamora-Sánchez CJ, Camacho-Arroyo I. Allopregnanolone: Metabolism, Mechanisms of Action, and Its Role in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010560. [PMID: 36614002 PMCID: PMC9820109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (3α-THP) has been one of the most studied progesterone metabolites for decades. 3α-THP and its synthetic analogs have been evaluated as therapeutic agents for pathologies such as anxiety and depression. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of 3α-THP are expressed in classical and nonclassical steroidogenic tissues. Additionally, due to its chemical structure, 3α-THP presents high affinity and agonist activity for nuclear and membrane receptors of neuroactive steroids and neurotransmitters, such as the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), membrane progesterone receptors (mPR) and the ionotropic GABAA receptor, among others. 3α-THP has immunomodulator and antiapoptotic properties. It also induces cell proliferation and migration, all of which are critical processes involved in cancer progression. Recently the study of 3α-THP has indicated that low physiological concentrations of this metabolite induce the progression of several types of cancer, such as breast, ovarian, and glioblastoma, while high concentrations inhibit it. In this review, we explore current knowledge on the metabolism and mechanisms of action of 3α-THP in normal and tumor cells.
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Kudo Y, Endo S, Tanio M, Saka T, Himura R, Abe N, Takeda M, Yamaguchi E, Yoshino Y, Arai Y, Kashiwagi H, Oyama M, Itoh A, Shiota M, Fujimoto N, Ikari A. Antiandrogenic Effects of a Polyphenol in Carex kobomugi through Inhibition of Androgen Synthetic Pathway and Downregulation of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214356. [PMID: 36430833 PMCID: PMC9696374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) represents the most common cancer disease in men. Since high levels of androgens increase the risk of PC, androgen deprivation therapy is the primary treatment; however this leads to castration-resistant PC (CRPC) with a poor prognosis. The progression to CRPC involves ectopic androgen production in the adrenal glands and abnormal activation of androgen signaling due to mutations and/or amplification of the androgen receptor (AR) as well as activation of androgen-independent proliferative pathways. Recent studies have shown that adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgens (11-ketotestosterone and 11-ketodihydrotestosterone) with potencies equivalent to those of traditional androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) are biomarkers of CRPC. Additionally, dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 11 (DHRS11) has been reported to be a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that catalyzes the production of the 11-oxygenated and traditional androgens. This study was conducted to evaluate the pathophysiological roles of DHRS11 in PC using three LNCaP, C4-2 and 22Rv1 cell lines. DHRS11 silencing and inhibition resulted in suppression of the androgen-induced expression of AR downstream genes and decreases in the expression of nuclear AR and the proliferation marker Ki67, suggesting that DHRS11 is involved in androgen-dependent PC cell proliferation. We found that 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (Kobochromone A, KC-A), an ingredient in the flowers of Carex kobomugi, is a novel potent DHRS11 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.35 μM). Additionally, KC-A itself decreased the AR expression in PC cells. Therefore, KC-A suppresses the androgen signaling in PC cells through both DHRS11 inhibition and AR downregulation. Furthermore, KC-A enhanced the anticancer activity of abiraterone, a CRPC drug, suggesting that it may be a potential candidate for the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Kudo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-230-8100; Fax: +81-58-230-8105
| | - Masatoshi Tanio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Saka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Rin Himura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Naohito Abe
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Mitsumi Takeda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuki Arai
- Universal Corporation Co., Ltd., Gifu 502-0931, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kashiwagi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
- Universal Corporation Co., Ltd., Gifu 502-0931, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Oyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naohiro Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Sekhoacha M, Riet K, Motloung P, Gumenku L, Adegoke A, Mashele S. Prostate Cancer Review: Genetics, Diagnosis, Treatment Options, and Alternative Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175730. [PMID: 36080493 PMCID: PMC9457814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer affects men of all racial and ethnic groups and leads to higher rates of mortality in those belonging to a lower socioeconomic status due to late detection of the disease. There is growing evidence that suggests the contribution of an individual’s genetic profile to prostate cancer. Currently used prostate cancer treatments have serious adverse effects; therefore, new research is focusing on alternative treatment options such as the use of genetic biomarkers for targeted gene therapy, nanotechnology for controlled targeted treatment, and further exploring medicinal plants for new anticancer agents. In this review, we describe the recent advances in prostate cancer research. Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the malignancies that affects men and significantly contributes to increased mortality rates in men globally. Patients affected with prostate cancer present with either a localized or advanced disease. In this review, we aim to provide a holistic overview of prostate cancer, including the diagnosis of the disease, mutations leading to the onset and progression of the disease, and treatment options. Prostate cancer diagnoses include a digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen analysis, and prostate biopsies. Mutations in certain genes are linked to the onset, progression, and metastasis of the cancer. Treatment for localized prostate cancer encompasses active surveillance, ablative radiotherapy, and radical prostatectomy. Men who relapse or present metastatic prostate cancer receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), salvage radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Currently, available treatment options are more effective when used as combination therapy; however, despite available treatment options, prostate cancer remains to be incurable. There has been ongoing research on finding and identifying other treatment approaches such as the use of traditional medicine, the application of nanotechnologies, and gene therapy to combat prostate cancer, drug resistance, as well as to reduce the adverse effects that come with current treatment options. In this article, we summarize the genes involved in prostate cancer, available treatment options, and current research on alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamello Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Keamogetswe Riet
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Paballo Motloung
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Lemohang Gumenku
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Samson Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Schiffer L, Shaheen F, Gilligan LC, Storbeck KH, Hawley JM, Keevil BG, Arlt W, Taylor AE. Multi-steroid profiling by UHPLC-MS/MS with post-column infusion of ammonium fluoride. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1209:123413. [PMID: 35988498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-steroid profiling is a powerful analytical tool that simultaneously quantifies steroids from different biosynthetic pathways. Here we present an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay for the profiling of 23 steroids using post-column infusion of ammonium fluoride. METHODS Following liquid-liquid extraction, steroids were chromatographically separated over 5 min using a Phenomenex Luna Omega C18 column and a water (0.1 % formic acid) methanol gradient. Quantification was performed on a Waters Acquity UHPLC and Xevo® TQ-XS mass spectrometer. Ammonium fluoride (6 mmol/L, post-column infusion) and formic acid (0.1 % (vol/vol), mobile phase additive) were compared as additives to aid ionisation. RESULTS Post-column infusion of ammonium fluoride enhanced ionisation in a steroid structure-dependent fashion compared to formic acid (122-140 % for 3βOH-Δ5 steroids and 477-1274 % for 3-keto-Δ4 steroids). Therefore, we analytically validated post-column infusion of ammonium fluoride. Lower limits of quantification ranged from 0.3 to 3 nmol/L; All analytes were quantifiable with acceptable accuracy (bias range -14 % to 11.9 % for 21/23, -21 % to 11.9 % for all analytes). Average recovery ranged from 91.6 % to 113.6 % and average matrix effects from -29.9 % to 19.9 %. Imprecision ranged from 2.3 % to 23 % for all analytes and was < 15 % for 18/23 analytes. The serum multi-steroid profile of 10 healthy men and 10 healthy women was measured. CONCLUSIONS UHPLC-MS/MS with post-column infusion of ammonium fluoride enables comprehensive multi-steroid profiling through enhanced ionisation particularly benefiting the detection of 3-keto-Δ4 steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Schiffer
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fozia Shaheen
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorna C Gilligan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Storbeck
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James M Hawley
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian G Keevil
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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10
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Sigala S, Bothou C, Penton D, Abate A, Peitzsch M, Cosentini D, Tiberio GAM, Bornstein SR, Berruti A, Hantel C. A Comprehensive Investigation of Steroidogenic Signaling in Classical and New Experimental Cell Models of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:1439. [PMID: 35563746 PMCID: PMC9103477 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a heterogeneous and aggressive cancer that originates from steroidogenic cells within the adrenal cortex. In this study, we have assessed for the preclinical gold standard NCI-H295 in direct comparison with the more recently established MUC-1 and a here newly reported ACC cell line (TVBF-7) the mutational status of important driver genes (TP53, MEN1, PRKAR1A, CTNNB1, APC, ZNRF-3, IGF-2, EGFR, RB1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RET, GNAS and PTEN), Wnt-signaling specificities (CTNNB1 mutation vs. APC mutation vs. wildtype), steroidogenic-(CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD3B2, HSD17B4, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, MC2R, AT1R) and nuclear-receptor-signaling (AR, ER, GCR), varying electrophysiological potentials as well as highly individual hormone secretion profiles (Cortisol, Aldosterone, DHEA, DHEAS, Testosterone, 17-OH Progesterone, among others) which were investigated under basal and stimulated conditions (ACTH, AngII, FSK). Our findings reveal important genetic and pathophysiological characteristics for these three cell lines and reveal the importance of such cell-line panels reflecting differential endocrine functionalities to thereby better reflect clinically well-known ACC patient heterogeneities in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Christina Bothou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - David Penton
- Electrophysiology Facility (e-phac), Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich (UZH), 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Guido A. M. Tiberio
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul-Langerhans-Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.R.B.)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
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11
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Snaterse G, Mies R, van Weerden WM, French PJ, Jonker JW, Houtsmuller AB, van Royen ME, Visser JA, Hofland J. Androgen receptor mutations modulate activation by 11-oxygenated androgens and glucocorticoids. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022:10.1038/s41391-022-00491-z. [PMID: 35046557 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD) mutations occur in ~20% of all castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. These mutations confer ligand promiscuity, but the affinity for many steroid hormone pathway intermediates is unknown. In this study, we investigated the stimulation of clinically relevant AR-LBD mutants by endogenous and exogenous steroid hormones present in CRPC patients to unravel their potential contribution to AR pathway reactivation. METHODS A meta-analysis of studies reporting untargeted analysis of AR mutants was performed to identify clinically relevant AR-LBD mutations. Using luciferase reporter and quantitative fluorescent microscopy, these AR mutants were screened for sensitivity for various endogenous steroids and synthetic glucocorticoids used in the treatment of CRPC. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed that ARL702H (3.4%), ARH875Y (4.9%), and ART878A (4.4%) were the most prevalent AR-LBD mutations across 1614 CRPC patients from 21 unique studies. Testosterone (EC50: 0.22 nmol/L) and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT, EC50: 0.74 nmol/L) displayed subnanomolar affinity for ARWT. The p.H875Y mutation selectively increased sensitivity of the AR for 11KT (EC50: 0.15 nmol/L, p < 0.05 vs ARWT), whereas p.L702H decreased sensitivity for 11KT by almost 50-fold. While cortisol and prednisolone both stimulate ARL702H, dexamethasone importantly does not. CONCLUSION Both testosterone and 11KT effectively contribute to ARWT activation, while selective sensitization positions 11KT as a more prominent activator of ARH875Y. Dexamethasone may be a suitable alternative to prednisolone and should be explored in patients bearing the ARL702H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Snaterse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosinda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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12
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Zagoskin PP, Erlykina EI. Bile Acids as a New Type of Steroid Hormones Regulating Nonspecific Energy Expenditure of the Body (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:114-127. [PMID: 34796012 PMCID: PMC8596256 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the systematization, classification, and generalization of the results of modern scientific research on the role of bile acids as a new class of steroid hormones. The paper presents the evidence for bile acid participation in the regulation of the body energy metabolism, body weight control, as well as the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Particular attention is paid to the role of bile acids in the control of nonspecific energy expenditure of the body. The applied aspects of using the novel data about the membrane and intracellular receptors responsible for the development of hormonal regulatory effects of bile acids are analyzed. According to the authors, the modern data on the role of bile acids in the regulation of body functions allow a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of body weight disorders and associated cardiovascular diseases. The review demonstrates promising directions in the search for specific methods of prevention and correction of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Zagoskin
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry named after G.Ya. Gorodisskaya; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - E I Erlykina
- Professor, Head of the Department of Biochemistry named after G.Ya. Gorodisskaya Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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13
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Golriz Khatami S, Mubeen S, Bharadhwaj VS, Kodamullil AT, Hofmann-Apitius M, Domingo-Fernández D. Using predictive machine learning models for drug response simulation by calibrating patient-specific pathway signatures. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:40. [PMID: 34707117 PMCID: PMC8551267 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of pathway signatures lies in their capability to determine whether a specific pathway or biological process is dysregulated in a given patient. These signatures have been widely used in machine learning (ML) methods for a variety of applications including precision medicine, drug repurposing, and drug discovery. In this work, we leverage highly predictive ML models for drug response simulation in individual patients by calibrating the pathway activity scores of disease samples. Using these ML models and an intuitive scoring algorithm to modify the signatures of patients, we evaluate whether a given sample that was formerly classified as diseased, could be predicted as normal following drug treatment simulation. We then use this technique as a proxy for the identification of potential drug candidates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of our methodology to successfully identify approved and clinically investigated drugs for four different cancers, outperforming six comparable state-of-the-art methods. We also show how this approach can deconvolute a drugs' mechanism of action and propose combination therapies. Taken together, our methodology could be promising to support clinical decision-making in personalized medicine by simulating a drugs' effect on a given patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Golriz Khatami
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany.
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sarah Mubeen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Vinay Srinivas Bharadhwaj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alpha Tom Kodamullil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, 53757, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning, Sankt Augustin, Germany.
- Enveda Biosciences, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
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14
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Snaterse G, van Dessel LF, van Riet J, Taylor AE, van der Vlugt-Daane M, Hamberg P, de Wit R, Visser JA, Arlt W, Lolkema MP, Hofland J. 11-Ketotestosterone is the predominant active androgen in prostate cancer patients after castration. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148507. [PMID: 33974560 PMCID: PMC8262344 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continued androgen receptor (AR) signaling constitutes a key target for treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Studies have identified 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) as a potent AR agonist, but it is unknown if 11KT is present at physiologically relevant concentrations in patients with CRPC to drive AR activation. The goal of this study was to investigate the circulating steroid metabolome including all active androgens in patients with CRPC. METHODS Patients with metastatic CRPC (n = 29) starting a new line of systemic therapy were included. Sequential plasma samples were obtained for measurement of circulating steroid concentrations by multisteroid profiling employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Metastatic tumor biopsy samples were obtained at baseline and subjected to RNA sequencing. RESULTS 11KT was the most abundant circulating active androgen in 97% of patients with CRPC (median 0.39 nmol/L, range: 0.03–2.39 nmol/L), constituting 60% (IQR 43%–79%) of the total active androgen (TA) pool. Treatment with glucocorticoids reduced 11KT by 84% (49%–89%) and testosterone by 68% (38%–79%). Circulating TA concentrations at baseline were associated with a distinct intratumor gene expression signature comprising AR-regulated genes. CONCLUSION The potent AR agonist 11KT is the predominant circulating active androgen in patients with CRPC and, therefore, one of the potential drivers of AR activation in CRPC. Assessment of androgen status should be extended to include 11KT, as current clinical approaches likely underestimate androgen abundance in patients with CRPC. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register: NL5625 (NTR5732). FUNDING Daniel den Hoed Foundation and Wellcome Trust (Investigator Award WT209492/Z/17/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Snaterse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne F van Dessel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Job van Riet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Snaterse G, van Dessel LF, Taylor AE, Visser JA, Arlt W, Lolkema MP, Hofland J. Validation of circulating steroid hormone measurements across different matrices by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids 2021; 167:108800. [PMID: 33556368 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid hormones are essential signalling molecules in prostate cancer (PC). However, many studies focusing on liquid biomarkers fail to take the hormonal status of these patients into account. Steroid measurements are sensitive to bias caused by matrix effects, thus assessing potential matrix effects is an important step in combining circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis with hormone status. METHODS We investigated the accuracy of multi-steroid hormone profiling in mechanically-separated plasma (MSP) samples and in plasma from CellSave Preservative (CS) tubes, that are typically used to obtain ctDNA, compared to measurements in serum. We performed multiplex steroid profiling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in samples obtained from ten healthy controls and ten castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. RESULTS Steroid measurements were comparable between MSP and serum. A small but consistent decrease of 8-21% compared to serum was observed when using CS plasma, which was considered to be within the acceptable margin. The minimal residual testosterone levels of CRPC patients could be sensitively quantified in both MSP and CS samples. CONCLUSIONS We validated the use of MSP and CS samples for multi-steroid profiling by LC-MS/MS. The optimised use of these samples in clinical trials will allow us to gain further insight into the steroid metabolism in PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Snaterse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne F van Dessel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Jinka S, Rachamalla HK, Bhattacharyya T, Sridharan K, Sekhar Jaggarapu MMC, Yakati V, Banerjee R. Glucocorticoid receptor-targeted liposomal delivery system for delivering small molecule ESC8 and anti-miR-Hsp90 gene construct to combat colon cancer. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:024105. [PMID: 33434900 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abdb08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High mortality rate in colon cancer patients is often attributed to late diagnosis. To overcome the conventional chemotherapy associated challenges, chemotherapeutic drugs (single or combination) or genetic drugs are often delivered using ligand-modified delivery systems that selectively target over expressed receptors or particular receptors that act abnormally in cancer cells. In the current investigation, first we assessed anti-colon cancer effect of a cationic estrogenic molecule, ESC8 which was earlier shown to act against estrogen receptor (ER) ± breast cancer cells. We found that against both colon and breast cancer cells the anticancer activity is intervened by AMPK-mTOR pathway and at the same time it acts as anti-angiogenic agent. It also showed enhancement of mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transition as well as reduction of cyclin D in both cells. Earlier we demonstrated the use of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) targeted cationic liposomal delivery system carrying anti-Hsp90 plasmid and ESC8 to act as potent anti-skin cancer therapeutics. As ESC8 demonstrated anti-colon cancer effect in vitro, in here, we used the same GR-targeted liposomal formulation but carrying a more fusogenic cationic lipid D1 and used against colon tumor orthotopic model in mice. We show that GR targeted formulation (D1XE-Hsp90) exhibited efficient cellular uptake, transfection and selective cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells, tumor-targeted bio-distribution and enhanced survivability, reduced tumor size in orthotopic colon tumor-bearing mice. The tumor sections exhibited reduced tumor proliferation as well as neo-vascularization, thus supporting the holistic antitumor effect of the D1XE-Hsp90 formulation. Over all our results establish the GR-targeted D1XE-Hsp90 formulation as potent anti-colon cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Jinka
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India. Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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17
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Rubini E, Paglia G, Cannella D, Macone A, Di Sotto A, Gullì M, Altieri F, Eufemi M. β-Hexachlorocyclohexane: A Small Molecule with a Big Impact on Human Cellular Biochemistry. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110505. [PMID: 33207735 PMCID: PMC7698094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) belong to a heterogeneous class of organic compounds blacklisted by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 due to their harmful impact on human health. Among OCPs, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is one of the most widespread and, at the same time, poorly studied environmental contaminant. Due to its physicochemical properties, β-HCH is the most hazardous of all HCH isomers; therefore, clarifying the mechanisms underlying its molecular action could provide further elements to draw the biochemical profile of this OCP. For this purpose, LNCaP and HepG2 cell lines were used as models and were subjected to immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and RT-qPCR analysis to follow the expression and mRNA levels, together with the distribution, of key biomolecules involved in the intracellular responses to β-HCH. In parallel, variations in redox homeostasis and cellular bioenergetic profile were monitored to have a complete overview of β-HCH effects. Obtained results strongly support the hypothesis that β-HCH could be an endocrine disrupting chemical as well as an activator of AhR signaling, promoting the establishment of an oxidative stress condition and a cellular metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis. In this altered context, β-HCH can also induce DNA damage through H2AX phosphorylation, demonstrating its multifaceted mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (F.A.)
- PhotoBioCatalysis Unit–Bio-Cat, Interfaculty School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP245, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Giuliano Paglia
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (F.A.)
| | - David Cannella
- PhotoBioCatalysis Unit–Bio-Cat, Interfaculty School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP245, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-0598
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18
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du Toit T, Swart AC. The 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione pathway and C11-oxy C 21 backdoor pathway are active in benign prostatic hyperplasia yielding 11keto-testosterone and 11keto-progesterone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 196:105497. [PMID: 31626910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In clinical approaches to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), steroidogenesis or the disruption thereof is the main thrust in treatments restricting active androgen production. Extensive studies have been undertaken focusing on testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). However, the adrenal C11-oxy C19 steroid, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4), also contributes to the active androgen pool in the prostate microenvironment, and while it has been shown to impact castration resistant prostate cancer, the C11-oxy C19 steroids together with the C11-oxy C21 steroids have not been studied in BPH. The study firstly investigated the metabolism of these adrenal steroids in the BPH-1 model. Comprehensive profiles identified 11keto-testosterone as the predominant active androgen in the metabolism of the C11-oxy C19 steroids, and we identified, for the first time, 11β-hydroxy-5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, a novel steroid in the 11OHA4-pathway. Analysis of the inactivation and reactivation of the metabolites showed that DHT is more readily inactivated than 11keto-dihydrotestosterone (11KDHT). The conversion of 11β-hydroxyprogesterone (11βOHPROG) yielded 11keto-progesterone (11KPROG), while the latter yielded 11keto-dihydroprogesterone (11KDHPROG). BPH tissue analysis identified high levels of 11β-hydroxyandrosterone (4-14 ng/g) and 11keto-androsterone (9-160 ng/g), together with androstenedione (A4; ∼7.5 ng/g). The major C11-oxy C21 steroids detected were 11βOHPROG (∼46 ng/g), 11KPROG (∼130 ng/g) as well as 11KDHPROG (∼282 ng/g). While circulatory 11βOHPROG was detected below the limit of quantification, 11KPROG and 11KDHPROG were detected at 6 and 8.5 nmol/L, respectively. Glucuronide derivatives of both 11KPROG and pregnanetriol were also detected. 11OHA4 was the major free androgen in circulation at 85.9 nmol/L, ±12-fold higher than A4, together with 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol quantified at 69.3 nmol/L. Circulatory C11-oxy C19 steroids levels were also significantly higher (8-fold) than the C11-oxy C21 steroid levels, while the former were similar to the C19 steroid levels, in contrast to levels in PCa. The study highlights the contribution of adrenal C11-oxy steroids to the androgen pool in BPH underscoring their limited reactivation and elimination, and significant inter-individual variations regarding steroid levels and conjugation. Targeted steroid metabolome analysis is critical to understanding prostate steroidogenesis and disease progression, and analysis of circulatory C11-oxy C19 and C11-oxy C21 steroids, together with intraprostatic levels, add to our current understanding of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therina du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Amanda C Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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Špačková J, Oliveira D, Puškár M, Ďurovcová I, Gaplovská-Kyselá K, Oliveira R, Ševčovičová A. Endocrine-Independent Cytotoxicity of Bisphenol A Is Mediated by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species and Affects Cell Cycle Progression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:869-875. [PMID: 31880940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used for the production of plastics and epoxy resins, which are part of packaging materials for food and beverages, and can migrate into food and the environment, thus exposing human beings to its effects. Exposure to BPA has been associated with oxidative stress, cell cycle changes, and genotoxicity, and is mediated by its known endocrine-disrupting activity. Possible BPA cytotoxicity without mediation by estrogen receptors has been reported in the literature. Here, we show the toxic effects of BPA by live-cell imaging on the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an experimental model lacking estrogen receptors, which were in line with data from flow cytometry on intracellular oxidation (76.4 ± 14.4 and 19.4 ± 16.1% of fluorescent cells for BPA treatment and control, respectively; p < 0.05) as well as delay in cell cycle progression (after 90 min of experiment, 48.4 ± 4.30 and 64.6 ± 5.46% of cells with a 4C DNA content for BPA treatment and control, respectively; p < 0.05) upon exposure to BPA. These results strongly support the possibilities that BPA-induced cell cycle changes can be independent of estrogen receptors and that live-cell imaging is a powerful tool for genotoxic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Špačková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics , Comenius University , Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Daniela Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - Marek Puškár
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics , Comenius University , Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Ivana Ďurovcová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics , Comenius University , Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Katarína Gaplovská-Kyselá
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics , Comenius University , Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Biology , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - Andrea Ševčovičová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics , Comenius University , Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina , 842 15 Bratislava , Slovakia
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20
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Guo L, Lin M, Cheng Z, Chen Y, Huang Y, Xu K. Identification of key genes and multiple molecular pathways of metastatic process in prostate cancer. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7899. [PMID: 31637138 PMCID: PMC6800981 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer metastasis is well known as the most adverse outcome and the major cause of mortality in cancer patients, including prostate cancer (PCa). There are no credible predictors, to this day, that can reflect the metastatic ability of localized PCa. In the present study, we firstly identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and molecular pathways involved in the metastaic process of PCa by comparing gene expressions of metastaic PCa with localized PCa directly, with the purpose of identifying potential markers or therapeutic targets. Methods The gene expression profiles (GSE6919 and GSE32269) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which contained 141 tissue samples, including 87 primary localized PCa samples and 54 metastaic PCa samples. After data processing, DEGs were identified by R language using the Student’s t-test adjusted via the Beniamini–Hochberg method. Subsequently, the gene ontology functional and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed and the protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Hub genes were identified using the plug-in cytoHubba in Cytoscape software by MCC and degree. Furthermore, validation and prognostic significance analysis of the hub genes were performed by UALCAN and gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA). Results A total of 90 DEGs were identified between localized and metastaic PCa, which consisted of 47 upregulated and 43 downregulated genes. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs include catabolic process, cell cycle, response to steroid hormone, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and vascular smooth muscle contraction. A total of 10 genes were identified as hub genes and biological process analysis of hub genes showed that cell cycle phase, cell division, and mitotic cell cycle process were mainly enriched. The expression of hub genes were confirmed in metastaic PCa when compared with localized PCa tissues by The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Moreover, the disease-free survival analysis of hub genes revealed that these genes may play an important role in invasion, progression or recurrence. Therefore, these hub genes might be the key genes contributed to tumor progression or metastasis in PCa and provide candidate therapeutic targets for PCa. Conclusions The present study identified some DEGs between localized and metastaic PCa tissue samples. These key genes might be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the metastaic process of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbo Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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21
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Chatterjee P, Schweizer MT, Lucas JM, Coleman I, Nyquist MD, Frank SB, Tharakan R, Mostaghel E, Luo J, Pritchard CC, Lam HM, Corey E, Antonarakis ES, Denmeade SR, Nelson PS. Supraphysiological androgens suppress prostate cancer growth through androgen receptor-mediated DNA damage. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4245-4260. [PMID: 31310591 PMCID: PMC6763228 DOI: 10.1172/jci127613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is initially dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling for survival and growth. Therapeutics designed to suppress AR activity serve as the primary intervention for advanced disease. However, supraphysiological androgen (SPA) concentrations can produce paradoxical responses leading to PC growth inhibition. We sought to discern the mechanisms by which SPA inhibits PC and to determine if molecular context associates with anti-tumor activity. SPA produced an AR-mediated, dose-dependent induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence. SPA repressed genes involved in DNA repair and delayed the restoration of damaged DNA which was augmented by PARP1 inhibition. SPA-induced DSBs were accentuated in BRCA2-deficient PCs, and combining SPA with PARP or DNA-PKcs inhibition further repressed growth. Next-generation sequencing was performed on biospecimens from PC patients receiving SPA as part of ongoing Phase II clinical trials. Patients with mutations in genes mediating homology-directed DNA repair were more likely to exhibit clinical responses to SPA. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for directing SPA therapy to PCs with AR amplification or DNA repair deficiency, and for combining SPA therapy with PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T. Schweizer
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elahe Mostaghel
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel R. Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology and
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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22
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Gonthier K, Poluri RTK, Audet-Walsh É. Functional genomic studies reveal the androgen receptor as a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism in prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105367. [PMID: 31051242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sex-steroid hormones have been investigated for decades for their oncogenic properties in hormone-dependent cancers. The increasing body of knowledge on the biological actions of androgens in prostate cancer has led to the development of several targeted therapies that still represent the standard of care for cancer patients to this day. In the prostate, androgens promote cellular differentiation and proper tissue development. These hormones also promote the aberrant proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Over the past few years, sequencing technologies for functional genomic analyses have rapidly expanded, revealing novel functions of sex-steroid hormone receptors other than their classic roles. In this article, we will focus on transcriptomic- and genomic-based evidence that demonstrates the importance of the androgen receptor signaling in the regulation of prostate cancer cell metabolism. This is significant because the reprogramming of cell metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. In fact, it is clear now that the androgen receptor contributes to the reprogramming of specific cellular metabolic pathways that promote tumor growth and disease progression, including aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, fatty acid ß-oxidation, and de novo lipid synthesis. Overall, beyond regulating development, differentiation, and proliferation, the androgen receptor is also a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gonthier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Axe Endocrinologie - Néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer - Université Laval, Canada
| | - Raghavendra Tejo Karthik Poluri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Axe Endocrinologie - Néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer - Université Laval, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Axe Endocrinologie - Néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer - Université Laval, Canada.
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23
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Wu Y, Tang L, Azabdaftari G, Pop E, Smith GJ. Adrenal androgens rescue prostatic dihydrotestosterone production and growth of prostate cancer cells after castration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:79-88. [PMID: 30807787 PMCID: PMC6438375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS) are potential substrates for intracrine production of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or directly to DHT, by prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Production of DHT from DHEAS and DHEA, and the role of steroid sulfatase (STS), were evaluated ex vivo using fresh human prostate tissue and in vitro using human PCa cell lines. STS was expressed in benign prostate tissue and PCa tissue. DHEAS at a physiological concentration was converted to DHT in prostate tissue and PCa cell lines, which was STS-dependent. DHEAS activation of androgen receptor (AR) and stimulation of PCa cell growth were STS-dependent. DHEA at a physiological concentration was not converted to DHT ex vivo and in vitro, but stimulated in vivo tumor growth of the human PCa cell line, VCaP, in castrated mice. The findings suggest that targeting metabolism of DHEAS and DHEA may enhance androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Elena Pop
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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24
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Caron P, Turcotte V, Lévesque E, Guillemette C. An LC-MS/MS method for quantification of abiraterone, its active metabolites D(4)-abiraterone (D4A) and 5α-abiraterone, and their inactive glucuronide derivatives. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1104:249-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Parsons TK, Pratt RN, Tang L, Wu Y. An active and selective molecular mechanism mediating the uptake of sex steroids by prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:121-131. [PMID: 29928927 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play important roles in normal physiological functions and diseases. Sex steroids hormones are important in the biology and treatment of sex hormone-related cancer such as prostate cancer and breast cancer. Cells may take up steroids using multiple mechanisms. The conventionally accepted hypothesis that steroids cross cell membrane through passive diffusion has not been tested rigorously. Experimental data suggested that cells may take up sex steroid using an active uptake mechanism. 3H-testosterone uptake by prostate cancer cells showed typical transporter-mediated uptake kinetic. Cells retained testosterone taken up from the medium. The uptake of testosterone was selective for certain steroid hormones but not others. Data also indicated that the active and selective uptake mechanism resided in cholesterol-rich membrane domains, and may involve ATP and membrane transporters. In summary, the present study provided strong evidence to support the existence of an active and selective molecular mechanism for sex steroid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd K Parsons
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Rachel N Pratt
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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26
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Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Domińska K, Urbanek KA, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Methylsulfonylmethane (organic sulfur) induces apoptosis and decreases invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 64:101-111. [PMID: 30339981 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the management of prostate cancer (PC) is to limit tumor growth and metastases. Targeted therapies applying natural compounds might be potentially useful in PC treatment. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), also known as organic sulfur, is a dietary supplement used for various clinical purposes, mostly known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the effect of MSM on PC cells LNCaP, PC3 and DU-145 which represent different in vitro models of PC. We observed that MSM decreases the viability and invasiveness of PC cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. Moreover, MSM in a low dose (200 mM) is able to reduce the migration and invasion of PC cells. Considering the low overall body toxicity and insignificant side effects of MSM, its apoptosis-inducing properties might be used in PC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dominika Ewa Habrowska-Górczyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
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27
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Clocchiatti A, Ghosh S, Procopio MG, Mazzeo L, Bordignon P, Ostano P, Goruppi S, Bottoni G, Katarkar A, Levesque M, Kölblinger P, Dummer R, Neel V, Özdemir BC, Dotto GP. Androgen receptor functions as transcriptional repressor of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5531-5548. [PMID: 30395538 DOI: 10.1172/jci99159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging-associated increase of cancer risk is linked with stromal fibroblast senescence and concomitant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. Surprisingly little is known about the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in this context. We have found downmodulated AR expression in dermal fibroblasts underlying premalignant skin cancer lesions (actinic keratoses and dysplastic nevi) as well as in CAFs from the 3 major skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Functionally, decreased AR expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from multiple individuals induced early steps of CAF activation, and in an orthotopic skin cancer model, AR loss in HDFs enhanced tumorigenicity of SCC and melanoma cells. Forming a complex, AR converged with CSL/RBP-Jκ in transcriptional repression of key CAF effector genes. AR and CSL were positive determinants of each other's expression, with BET inhibitors, which counteract the effects of decreased CSL, restoring AR expression and activity in CAFs. Increased AR expression in these cells overcame the consequences of CSL loss and was by itself sufficient to block the growth and tumor-enhancing effects of CAFs on neighboring cancer cells. As such, the findings establish AR as a target for stroma-focused cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kölblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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28
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Fiandalo MV, Gewirth DT, Mohler JL. Potential impact of combined inhibition of 3α-oxidoreductases and 5α-reductases on prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2018; 6:50-56. [PMID: 30775248 PMCID: PMC6363635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression rely on the interaction between the androgen receptor (AR) and the testicular ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Almost all men with advanced PCa receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT lowers circulating testosterone levels, which impairs AR activation and leads to PCa regression. However, ADT is palliative and PCa recurs as castration-recurrent/resistant PCa (CRPC). One mechanism for PCa recurrence relies on intratumoral synthesis of DHT, which can be synthesized using the frontdoor or primary or secondary backdoor pathway. Androgen metabolism inhibitors, such as those targeting 5α-reductase, aldo-keto-reductase family member 3 (AKR1C3), or cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) have either failed or produced only modest clinical outcomes. The goal of this review is to describe the therapeutic potential of combined inhibition of 5α-reductase and 3α-oxidoreductase enzymes that facilitate the terminal steps of the frontdoor and primary and secondary backdoor pathways for DHT synthesis. Inhibition of the terminal steps of the androgen metabolism pathways may be a way to overcome the shortcomings of existing androgen metabolism inhibitors and thereby delay PCa recurrence during ADT or enhance the response of CRPC to androgen axis manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Fiandalo
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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29
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Di Zazzo E, Galasso G, Giovannelli P, Di Donato M, Castoria G. Estrogens and Their Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2018; 8:2. [PMID: 29404276 PMCID: PMC5778111 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in clinical management of prostate cancer (PC) is to limit tumor growth and prevent metastatic spreading. Considerable efforts have been made to discover new compounds for PC therapy and recent years have seen promising progress in this field. Pharmacological approaches have been designed to achieve benefits in PC treatment and avoid the negative side effects resulting from administration of antagonists or agonists or new drugs. Nonetheless, the currently available therapies frequently induce resistance and PC progresses toward castration-resistant forms that can be caused by the androgen receptor reactivation and/or mutations, or derangement of signaling pathways. Preclinical and clinical findings have also shown that other nuclear receptors are frequently altered in PC. In this review, we focus on the role of estradiol/estradiol receptor (ER) axis, which controls PC growth and progression. Selective targeting of ER subtypes (α or β) may be an attractive way to limit the growth and spreading of prostatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Giovannelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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