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Lin H, Chen X, Wang L, Zhu T, Feng X, Liu X, Chen H, Pan S. Unraveling the role of microRNAs: potential biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus revealed through RNA sequencing analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:1255-1264. [PMID: 38814453 PMCID: PMC11258170 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant health risks for both mothers and children, contributing to long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study explores the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for GDM by analyzing peripheral blood samples from GDM patients. METHOD Ten samples, including peripheral blood from 5 GDM patients and 5 controls, were collected to perform the RNA sequencing analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total of 2287 miRNAs were identified, 229 of which showed differential expression. Validation by qRT-PCR confirmed significant up-regulation of miR-5193, miR-5003-3p, miR-3127-5p, novel-miR-96, miR-6734-5p, and miR-122-5p, while miR-10395-3p was down-regulated. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the involvement of these miRNAs in pathways associated with herpes simplex virus 1 infection. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the differential expression of miRNAs in GDM patients and their potential roles in disease pathogenesis. It suggests that the differentially expressed miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for GDM, shedding light on the complex molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Lisui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Tang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, School of Basic Medicine Science, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, School of Basic Medicine Science, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Si Pan
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, School of Basic Medicine Science, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China.
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Parker J, O’Brien CL, Yeoh C, Gersh FL, Brennecke S. Reducing the Risk of Pre-Eclampsia in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using a Combination of Pregnancy Screening, Lifestyle, and Medical Management Strategies. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1774. [PMID: 38541997 PMCID: PMC10971491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13061774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multisystem disorder that presents with a variety of phenotypes involving metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological symptoms and signs. Women with PCOS are at increased risk of pregnancy complications including implantation failure, miscarriage, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, and pre-eclampsia (PE). This may be attributed to the presence of specific susceptibility features associated with PCOS before and during pregnancy, such as chronic systemic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperandrogenism, all of which have been associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Many of the features of PCOS are reversible following lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise, and pregnant women following a healthy lifestyle have been found to have a lower risk of complications, including PE. This narrative synthesis summarizes the evidence investigating the risk of PE and the role of nutritional factors in women with PCOS. The findings suggest that the beneficial aspects of lifestyle management of PCOS, as recommended in the evidence-based international guidelines, extend to improved pregnancy outcomes. Identifying high-risk women with PCOS will allow targeted interventions, early-pregnancy screening, and increased surveillance for PE. Women with PCOS should be included in risk assessment algorithms for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Claire Louise O’Brien
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia;
| | - Christabelle Yeoh
- Next Practice Genbiome, 2/2 New McLean Street, Edgecliff 2027, Australia;
| | - Felice L. Gersh
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Shaun Brennecke
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
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Singh R, Kaur S, Yadav S, Bhatia S. Gonadotropins as pharmacological agents in assisted reproductive technology and polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:194-215. [PMID: 36863888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy associated with subfertility/infertility and pregnancy complications. Most PCOS women opt for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for successful conception; however, optimization of the relative doses of the gonadotropins [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)] for appropriate steroidogenesis, without causing ovarian hyperstimulatory syndrome (OHSS), is challenging. Embryonic factors probably do not contribute to pregnancy loss in PCOS women, albeit hormonal imbalance impairs the metabolic microenvironment critical for oocyte maturation and endometrial receptivity. Certain clinical studies have confirmed the role of metabolic corrections in increasing the rate of pregnancy in PCOS women. This review focuses on the impact of untimely high LHCGR and/or LH levels on oocyte/embryo quality, pregnancy outcomes in ART, and exploring LHCGR as a potential drug target in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Singh
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Surleen Kaur
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Genomics and Epigenomics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Understanding the Molecular Pathways of the Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073514. [PMID: 35408874 PMCID: PMC8998752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common complications during pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hyperglycemia that occurs for the first time during pregnancy. The condition is multifactorial, caused by an interaction between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain elusive. Moreover, in contrast to several common metabolic disorders, molecular research in GDM is lagging. It is important to recognize that GDM is still commonly diagnosed during the second trimester of pregnancy using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT), at a time when both a fetal and maternal pathophysiology is already present, demonstrating the increased blood glucose levels associated with exacerbated insulin resistance. Therefore, early detection of metabolic changes and associated epigenetic and genetic factors that can lead to an improved prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes and future cardio-metabolic pathologies in GDM women and their children is imperative. Several genomic and epigenetic approaches have been used to identify the genes, genetic variants, metabolic pathways, and epigenetic modifications involved in GDM to determine its etiology. In this article, we explore these factors as well as how their functional effects may contribute to immediate and future pathologies in women with GDM and their offspring from birth to adulthood. We also discuss how these approaches contribute to the changes in different molecular pathways that contribute to the GDM pathogenesis, with a special focus on the development of insulin resistance.
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Chatterjee B, Neelaveni K, Kenchey H, Thakur SS. An insight into major signaling pathways and protein-protein interaction networks involved in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100200. [PMID: 35279034 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with the increase of glucose in the blood rather than being absorbed by the cells. A better understanding of the signaling pathways is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of GDM. This study provides details about a series of signaling pathways and protein-protein interactions involved in the pathogenesis of GDM and their evaluations in GDM development. Protein-protein interactions were found between proteins of several signaling pathways that suggest interlink between these signaling pathways. Protein-protein interactions were generated with high confidence interaction scores based on textmining, co-occurrence, coexpression, neighborhood, gene fusion, experiments and databases. The dysregulation of signaling pathways may also contribute to the increased risk of complications associated with GDM in the mother and child. Further, studies on signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of GDM would help in the development of an effective intervention to prevent GDM along with the identification of key targets for effective therapies in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chatterjee
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Himaja Kenchey
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Adiposity Clinics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suman S Thakur
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
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Bogdanet D, Reddin C, Murphy D, Doheny HC, Halperin JA, Dunne F, O’Shea PM. Emerging Protein Biomarkers for the Diagnosis or Prediction of Gestational Diabetes-A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071533. [PMID: 33917484 PMCID: PMC8038821 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM), defined as hyperglycemia with onset or initial recognition during pregnancy, has a rising prevalence paralleling the rise in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. GDM is associated with short-term and long-term consequences for both mother and child. Therefore, it is crucial we efficiently identify all cases and initiate early treatment, reducing fetal exposure to hyperglycemia and reducing GDM-related adverse pregnancy outcomes. For this reason, GDM screening is recommended as part of routine pregnancy care. The current screening method, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is a lengthy, cumbersome and inconvenient test with poor reproducibility. Newer biomarkers that do not necessitate a fasting sample are needed for the prompt diagnosis of GDM. The aim of this scoping review is to highlight and describe emerging protein biomarkers that fulfill these requirements for the diagnosis of GDM. Materials and Methods: This scoping review was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews using Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase and Web of Science with a double screening and extraction process. The search included all articles published in the literature to July 2020. Results: Of the 3519 original database citations identified, 385 were eligible for full-text review. Of these, 332 (86.2%) were included in the scoping review providing a total of 589 biomarkers studied in relation to GDM diagnosis. Given the high number of biomarkers identified, three post hoc criteria were introduced to reduce the items set for discussion: we chose only protein biomarkers with at least five citations in the articles identified by our search and published in the years 2017-2020. When applied, these criteria identified a total of 15 biomarkers, which went forward for review and discussion. Conclusions: This review details protein biomarkers that have been studied to find a suitable test for GDM diagnosis with the potential to replace the OGTT used in current GDM screening protocols. Ongoing research efforts will continue to identify more accurate and practical biomarkers to take GDM screening and diagnosis into the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Bogdanet
- College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-38-3102-7771
| | - Catriona Reddin
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
| | - Dearbhla Murphy
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
| | - Helen C. Doheny
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
| | - Jose A. Halperin
- Divisions of Haematology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Fidelma Dunne
- College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
| | - Paula M. O’Shea
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
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Chahal N, Geethadevi A, Kaur S, Lakra R, Nagendra A, Shrivastav TG, De Pascali F, Reiter E, Crépieux P, Devi MG, Malhotra N, Muralidhar K, Singh R. Direct impact of gonadotropins on glucose uptake and storage in preovulatory granulosa cells: Implications in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2021; 115:154458. [PMID: 33278413 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with higher levels of LH, and arrested ovarian follicular growth. The direct impact of high LH on FSH mediated metabolic responses in PCOS patients is not clearly understood. METHOD In order to investigate the impact of FSH and LH on glucose metabolism in preovulatory granulosa cells (GCs), we used [U14C]-2 deoxyglucose, D-[U14C]-glucose or 2-NBD glucose to analyse glucose uptake and its incorporation into glycogen. To reproduce the high androgenic potential in PCOS patients, we administered hCG both in vitro and in vivo. The role of IRS-2/PI3K/Akt2 pathway was studied after knockdown with specific siRNA. Immunoprecipitation and specific assays were used for the assessment of IRS-2, glycogen synthase and protein phosphatase 1. Furthermore, we examined the in vivo effects of hCG on FSH mediated glycogen increase in normal and PCOS rat model. HEK293 cells co-expressing FSHR and LHR were used to demonstrate glucose uptake and BRET change by FSH and hCG. RESULTS In normal human and rat granulosa cells, FSH is more potent than hCG in stimulating glucose uptake, however glycogen synthesis was significantly upregulated only by FSH through increase in activity of glycogen synthase via IRS-2/PI3K/Akt2 pathway. On the contrary, an impaired FSH-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in granulosa cells of PCOS-patients indicated a selective defect in FSHR activation. Further, in normal human granulosa cells, and in immature rat model, the impact of hCG on FSH responses was such that it inhibited the FSH-mediated glucose uptake as well as glycogen synthesis through inhibition of FSH-stimulated IRS-2 expression. These findings were further validated in HEK293 cells overexpressing Flag-LHR and HA-FSHR, where high hCG inhibited the FSH-stimulated glucose uptake. Notably, an increased BRET change was observed in HEK293 cells expressing FSHR-Rluc8 and LHR-Venus possibly suggesting increased heteromerization of LHR and FSHR in the presence of both hCG and FSH in comparison to FSH or hCG alone. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm a selective attenuation of metabolic responses to FSH such as glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis by high activation level of LHR leading to the inhibition of IRS-2 pathway, resulting in depleted glycogen stores and follicular growth arrest in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chahal
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Geethadevi
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA
| | - Surleen Kaur
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Ferticity Fertility Clinics, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Lakra
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Nagendra
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - T G Shrivastav
- National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Delhi, India
| | - Francesco De Pascali
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - K Muralidhar
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Singh
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) greatly expands the coding capacities of genomes by allowing the generation of multiple mature mRNAs from a limited number of genes. Although the massive switch in AS profiles that often accompanies variations in gene expression patterns occurring during cell differentiation has been characterized for a variety of models, their causes and mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we integrate foundational and recent studies indicating the AS switches that govern the processes of cell fate determination. We include some distinct AS events in pluripotent cells and somatic reprogramming and discuss new progresses on alternative isoform expression in adipogenesis, myogenic differentiation and stimulation of immune cells. Finally, we cover novel insights on AS mechanisms during neuronal differentiation, paying special attention to the role of chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fiszbein
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto R Kornblihtt
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lin JC. Impacts of Alternative Splicing Events on the Differentiation of Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22169-89. [PMID: 26389882 PMCID: PMC4613302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing was found to be a common phenomenon after the advent of whole transcriptome analyses or next generation sequencing. Over 90% of human genes were demonstrated to undergo at least one alternative splicing event. Alternative splicing is an effective mechanism to spatiotemporally expand protein diversity, which influences the cell fate and tissue development. The first focus of this review is to highlight recent studies, which demonstrated effects of alternative splicing on the differentiation of adipocytes. Moreover, use of evolving high-throughput approaches, such as transcriptome analyses (RNA sequencing), to profile adipogenic transcriptomes, is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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