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Kim SK, Tran LT, NamKoong C, Choi HJ, Chun HJ, Lee YH, Cheon M, Chung C, Hwang J, Lim HH, Shin DM, Choi YH, Kim KW. Mitochondria-derived peptide SHLP2 regulates energy homeostasis through the activation of hypothalamic neurons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4321. [PMID: 37468558 PMCID: PMC10356901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Small humanin-like peptide 2 (SHLP2) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide implicated in several biological processes such as aging and oxidative stress. However, its functional role in the regulation of energy homeostasis remains unclear, and its corresponding receptor is not identified. Hereby, we demonstrate that both systemic and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administrations of SHLP2 protected the male mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. In addition, the activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons by SHLP2 in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) is involved in the suppression of food intake and the promotion of thermogenesis. Through high-throughput structural complementation screening, we discovered that SHLP2 binds to and activates chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7). Taken together, our study not only reveals the therapeutic potential of SHLP2 in metabolic disorders but also provides important mechanistic insights into how it exerts its effects on energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ki Kim
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Le Trung Tran
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Cherl NamKoong
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - MyungHyun Cheon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Junmo Hwang
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Lim
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Glucocorticoid receptor activation reduces food intake independent of hyperglycemia in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15677. [PMID: 36127383 PMCID: PMC9489701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cortisol exposure suppresses food intake in fish, but the central mechanism(s) involved in appetite regulation are unclear. Stress and the associated increase in cortisol levels increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia. As hyperglycemia causes a reduction in food intake, we tested the hypothesis that cortisol-induced hyperglycemia suppresses feeding in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We first established that stress-independent hyperglycemia suppressed food intake, and this corresponded with a reduction in the phosphorylation of the nutrient sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the brain. Chronic cortisol exposure also led to hyperglycemia and reduced food intake, but the mechanisms were distinct. In cortisol-exposed fish, there were no changes in brain glucose uptake or AMPK phosphorylation. Also, the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was reduced along with an increase in redd1, suggesting an enhanced capacity for proteolysis. Loss of the glucocorticoid receptor did not rescue cortisol-mediated feeding suppression but did increase glucose uptake and abolished the changes seen in mTOR phosphorylation and redd1 transcript abundance. Taken together, our results indicate that GR activation enhances brain proteolysis, and the associated amino acids levels, and not hyperglycemia, maybe a key mediator of the feeding suppression in response to chronic cortisol stimulation in zebrafish.
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Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:298. [PMID: 36031641 PMCID: PMC9420733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and is linked to lower life expectancy. Although lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) has remarkable effects on weight management, achieving long-term success at weight loss is extremely challenging, and the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Over the past decades, the pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively investigated, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been implicated in obesity, making it possible to fight obesity in a more effective and precise way. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of obesity from both experimental and clinical studies, focusing on signaling pathways and their roles in the regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and chronic inflammation. We also discuss the current anti-obesity drugs, as well as weight loss compounds in clinical trials, that target these signals. The evolving knowledge of signaling transduction may shed light on the future direction of obesity research, as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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da Silva RKB, de Vasconcelos DAA, da Silva AVE, da Silva RPB, de Oliveira Neto OB, Galindo LCM. Effects of maternal high-fat diet on the hypothalamic components related to food intake and energy expenditure in mice offspring. Life Sci 2022; 307:120880. [PMID: 35963301 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation has been related to changes in the hypothalamic circuits involved in the regulation of food intake. Furthermore, maternal HFD during the critical period of development can alter the offspring's metabolic programming with long-term repercussions. This study systematically reviewed the effects of HFD consumption during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and/or lactation. The main outcomes evaluated were food intake; body weight; cellular or molecular aspects of peptides and hypothalamic receptors involved in the regulation of energy balance in mice. Two independent authors performed a search in the electronic databases Medline/PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Sigle via Open Gray. Included were experimental studies of mice exposed to HFD during pregnancy and/or lactation that evaluated body composition, food intake, energy expenditure and hypothalamic components related to energy balance. Internal validity was assessed using the SYRCLE risk of bias. The Kappa index was measured to analyze the agreement between reviewers. The PRISMA statement was used to report this systematic review. Most studies demonstrated that there was a higher body weight, body fat deposits and food intake, as well as alterations in the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides in offspring that consumed HFD. Therefore, the maternal diet can affect the phenotype and metabolism of the offspring, in addition to harming the hypothalamic circuits and favoring the orexigenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Katiuska Bezerra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Diogo Antonio Alves de Vasconcelos
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Roxana Patrícia Bezerra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Lígia Cristina Monteiro Galindo
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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5
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Brown JM, Bentsen MA, Rausch DM, Phan BA, Wieck D, Wasanwala H, Matsen ME, Acharya N, Richardson NE, Zhao X, Zhai P, Secher A, Morton GJ, Pers TH, Schwartz MW, Scarlett JM. Role of hypothalamic MAPK/ERK signaling and central action of FGF1 in diabetes remission. iScience 2021; 24:102944. [PMID: 34430821 PMCID: PMC8368994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of the brain to elicit sustained remission of hyperglycemia in rodent models of type 2 diabetes following intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is well established. Here, we show that following icv FGF1 injection, hypothalamic signaling by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, is induced for at least 24 h. Further, we show that this prolonged response is required for the sustained antidiabetic action of FGF1 since it is abolished by sustained (but not acute) pharmacologic blockade of hypothalamic MAPK/ERK signaling. We also demonstrate that FGF1 R50E, a FGF1 mutant that activates FGF receptors but induces only transient hypothalamic MAPK/ERK signaling, fails to mimic the sustained glucose lowering induced by FGF1. These data identify sustained activation of hypothalamic MAPK/ERK signaling as playing an essential role in the mechanism underlying diabetes remission induced by icv FGF1 administration. FGF1 action in the brain induces remission of diabetic hyperglycemia FGF1 induces sustained activation of hypothalamic MAPK/ERK signaling Blockade of hypothalamic MAPK/ERK signaling abolishes the antidiabetic action of FGF1 FGF1 increases hypothalamic astrocyte-neuron interaction by transcriptomic analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie A Bentsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dylan M Rausch
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bao Anh Phan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Danielle Wieck
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Huzaifa Wasanwala
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Miles E Matsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nikhil Acharya
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nicole E Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peng Zhai
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research China, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Anna Secher
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, F770, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145, USA
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Kassouf T, Sumara G. Impact of Conventional and Atypical MAPKs on the Development of Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091256. [PMID: 32872540 PMCID: PMC7563211 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) consists of fourteen members and has been implicated in regulation of virtually all cellular processes. MAPKs are divided into two groups, conventional and atypical MAPKs. Conventional MAPKs are further classified into four sub-families: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1, 2 and 3), p38 (α, β, γ, δ), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). Four kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3, 4, and 7 (ERK3, 4 and 7) as well as Nemo-like kinase (NLK) build a group of atypical MAPKs, which are activated by different upstream mechanisms than conventional MAPKs. Early studies identified JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 as well as p38α as a central mediators of inflammation-evoked insulin resistance. These kinases have been also implicated in the development of obesity and diabetes. Recently, other members of conventional MAPKs emerged as important mediators of liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic β-cell metabolism. Moreover, latest studies indicate that atypical members of MAPK family play a central role in the regulation of adipose tissue function. In this review, we summarize early studies on conventional MAPKs as well as recent findings implicating previously ignored members of the MAPK family. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting specific members of the MAPK family.
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Stolzenbach F, Valdivia S, Ojeda-Provoste P, Toledo F, Sobrevia L, Kerr B. DNA methylation changes in genes coding for leptin and insulin receptors during metabolic-altered pregnancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Horie T, Park G, Inaba Y, Hashiuchi E, Iezaki T, Tokumura K, Fukasawa K, Yamada T, Hiraiwa M, Kitaguchi Y, Kamada H, Kaneda K, Tanaka T, Inoue H, Hinoi E. MAPK Erk5 in Leptin Receptor‒Expressing Neurons Controls Body Weight and Systemic Energy Homeostasis in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2837-2848. [PMID: 31555819 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (Erk5), a member of the MAPK family, is specifically phosphorylated and activated by MAPK/Erk kinase-5. Although it has been implicated in odor discrimination and long-term memory via its expression in the central nervous system, little is known regarding the physiological importance of neuronal Erk5 in body weight and energy homeostasis. In the current study, systemic insulin injection significantly induced phosphorylation of Erk5 in the hypothalamus. Moreover, Erk5 deficiency in leptin receptor (LepR)‒expressing neurons led to an obesity phenotype, with increased white adipose tissue mass due to increased adipocyte size, only in female mice fed a normal chow diet. Furthermore, Erk5 deficiency in LepR-expressing neurons showed impaired glucose tolerance along with decreased physical activity, food intake, and energy expenditure. These results suggest that Erk5 controls body weight and systemic energy homeostasis probably via its expression in hypothalamic neurons in female mice, thereby providing a target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Horie
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Gyujin Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Inaba
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Emi Hashiuchi
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Iezaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Venture Business Laboratory, Organization of Frontier Science and Innovation, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tokumura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Manami Hiraiwa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Kitaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hikari Kamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Shpakov AO, Derkach KV. Molecular Mechanisms of the Effects of Metformin on the Functional Activity of Brain Neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-018-0657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tse EK, Belsham DD. Palmitate induces neuroinflammation, ER stress, and Pomc mRNA expression in hypothalamic mHypoA-POMC/GFP neurons through novel mechanisms that are prevented by oleate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:40-49. [PMID: 29180108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fats can modulate brain function. How free fatty acids (FFAs) alter hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons remain undefined. The saturated FFA, palmitate, increased neuroinflammatory and ER stress markers, as well as Pomc mRNA levels, but did not affect insulin signaling, in mHypoA-POMC/GFP-2 neurons. This effect was mediated through the MAP kinases JNK and ERK. Further, the increase in Pomc was dependent on palmitoyl-coA synthesis, but not de novo ceramide synthesis, as inhibition of SPT enhanced palmitate-induced Pomc expression, while methylpalmitate had no effect. While palmitate concomitantly induces neuroinflammation and ER stress, these effects were independent of changes in Pomc expression. Palmitate thus has direct acute effects on Pomc, which appears to be important for negative feedback, but not directly related to neuroinflammation. The monounsaturated FFA oleate completely blocked the palmitate-mediated increase in neuroinflammation, ER stress, and Pomc mRNAs. This study provides insight into the complex central metabolic regulation by FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Tse
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Derkach KV, Zakharova IO, Romanova IV, Zorina II, Mikhrina AL, Shpakov AO. Metabolic parameters and functional state of hypothalamic signaling systems in AY/a mice with genetic predisposition to obesity and the effect of metformin. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2018; 477:377-381. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672917060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Otero-Rodiño C, Velasco C, Álvarez-Otero R, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of Akt, AMPK, CREB, and FoxO1 in hypothalamus of rainbow trout under conditions of enhanced glucosensing activity. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:4410-4417. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is no available information in fish about mechanisms linking glucosensing activation and changes in the expression of brain neuropeptides controlling food intake. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout hypothalamus the effects of raised levels of glucose on the levels and phosphorylation status of two transcription factors, FoxO1 and CREB, possibly involved in linking those processes. Moreover, we also aimed to assess the changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of two proteins possibly involved in the modulation of these transcription factors such as Akt and AMPK. Therefore, we evaluated in pools of hypothalamus incubated for 3h and 6h at 15 °C in modified Hanks’ medium containing 2, 4, or 8 mM D-glucose the response of parameters related to glucosensing mechanisms, neuropeptide expression, and levels and phosphorylation status of proteins of interest. The activation of hypothalamic glucosensing systems and the concomitant enhanced anorectic potential occurred in parallel with activation of Akt and inhibition of AMPK. The changes in these proteins would relate to neuropeptide expression through changes in the levels and phosphorylation status of transcription factors under their control, such as CREB and FoxO1, which displayed inhibitory (CREB) or activatory (FoxO1) responses to increased glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosa Álvarez-Otero
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos A. López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro Singular de Investigación Mariña-ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
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