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Juárez-Aguilar E, Olivares-Hernández JD, Regalado-Santiago C, García-García F. The role of growth hormone in hippocampal function. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 118:289-313. [PMID: 35180930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone is a multifunctional molecule with broad cellular targets. This pituitary hormone is currently used as a therapeutic agent against several brain injuries due to its neurotrophic activity. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions where the growth hormone plays a role in normal and pathologic conditions. This brain structure is associated with several cognitive functions such as learning, memory, and mood, which are frequently affected by brain traumatism. The present chapter describes the experimental and clinical evidence that supports a central role of growth hormone in the hippocampus functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Juárez-Aguilar
- Departmento de Biomedicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Juan David Olivares-Hernández
- Laboratorio D-01, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Fabio García-García
- Departmento de Biomedicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
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Martin-Rojas T, Sastre-Oliva T, Esclarín-Ruz A, Gil-Dones F, Mourino-Alvarez L, Corbacho-Alonso N, Moreno-Luna R, Hernandez-Fernandez G, Lopez JA, Oliviero A, Barderas MG. Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment and Rehabilitation in Incomplete Chronic Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Insight from Proteome Analysis. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040183. [PMID: 33096745 PMCID: PMC7720149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising advances in the medical management of spinal cord injury (SCI), there is still no available effective therapy to repair the neurological damage in patients who experience this life-transforming condition. Recently, we performed a phase II/III placebo-controlled randomized trial of safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) treatment in incomplete chronic traumatic spinal cord injury. The main findings were that the combined treatment of GH plus rehabilitation treatment is feasible and safe, and that GH but not placebo slightly improves the SCI individual motor score. Moreover, we found that an intensive and long-lasting rehabilitation program per se increases the functional outcome of SCI individuals. To understand the possible mechanisms of the improvement due to GH treatment (motor score) and due to rehabilitation (functional outcome), we used a proteomic approach. Here, we used a multiple proteomic strategy to search for recovery biomarkers in blood plasma with the potential to predict response to somatropin treatment and to delayed intensive rehabilitation. Forty-six patients were recruited and followed for a minimum period of 1 year. Patients were classified into two groups based on their treatment: recombinant somatropin (0.4 mg) or placebo. Both groups received rehabilitation treatment. Our strategy allowed us to perform one of the deepest plasma proteomic analyses thus far, which revealed two proteomic signatures with predictive value: (i) response to recombinant somatropin treatment and (ii) response to rehabilitation. The proteins implicated in these signatures are related to homeostasis, inflammation, and coagulation functions. These findings open novel possibilities to assess and therapeutically manage patients with SCI, which could have a positive impact on their clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Martin-Rojas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | - Tamara Sastre-Oliva
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | - Ana Esclarín-Ruz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Felix Gil-Dones
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
- Department of Genetic, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | - Nerea Corbacho-Alonso
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | - Rafael Moreno-Luna
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - German Hernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | | | - Antonio Oliviero
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.G.B.); Fax: +34-925-247-745 (M.G.B.)
| | - María G. Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.G.B.); Fax: +34-925-247-745 (M.G.B.)
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Walser M, Schiöler L, Oscarsson J, Aberg MAI, Svensson J, Aberg ND, Isgaard J. Different modes of GH administration influence gene expression in the male rat brain. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:181-90. [PMID: 24872576 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous secretion pattern in males of GH is episodic in rats and in humans, whereas GH administration is usually even. Different types of GH administration have different effects on body mass, longitudinal bone growth, and liver metabolism in rodents, whereas possible effects on brain plasticity have not been investigated. In this study, GH was administered as a continuous infusion or as two daily injections in hypophysectomized male rats. Thirteen transcripts previously known to respond to GH in the hippocampus and parietal cortex (cortex) were assessed by RT-PCR. To investigate the effects of type of GH administration on several transcripts with different variations, and categories of transcripts (neuron-, glia-, and GH-related), a mixed model analysis was applied. Accordingly, GH injections increased overall transcript abundance more than GH infusions (21% in the hippocampus, P<0.001 and 10% in the cortex, P=0.09). Specifically, GH infusions and injections robustly increased neuronal hemoglobin beta (Hbb) expression significantly (1.8- to 3.6-fold), and GH injections were more effective than GH infusions in increasing Hbb in the cortex (41%, P=0.02), whereas a 23% difference in the hippocampus was not significant. Also cortical connexin 43 was higher in the group with GH injections than in those with GH infusions (26%, P<0.007). Also, there were differences between GH injections and infusions in GH-related transcripts of the cortex (23%, P=0.04) and glia-related transcripts of the hippocampus (15%, P=0.02). Thus, with the exception of Hbb there is a moderate difference in responsiveness to different modes of GH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Walser
- Laboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linus Schiöler
- Laboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Laboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria A I Aberg
- Laboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenLaboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Laboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N David Aberg
- Laboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenLaboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Isgaard
- Laboratory of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment for Public Health and Community MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenAstraZeneca R&DSE-431 83 Mölndal, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationDepartment of Primary Health CareInstitute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Arámburo C, Alba-Betancourt C, Luna M, Harvey S. Expression and function of growth hormone in the nervous system: a brief review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 203:35-42. [PMID: 24837495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that growth hormone (GH) expression is not confined exclusively to the pituitary somatotrophs as it is synthesized in many extrapituitary locations. The nervous system is one of those extrapituitary sites. In this brief review we summarize data that substantiate the expression, distribution and characterization of neural GH and detail its roles in neural function, including cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, neuroprotection and survival, as well as its functional roles in behavior, cognition and neurotransmission. Although systemic GH may exert some of these effects, it is increasingly evident that locally expressed neural GH, acting through intracrine, autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, may also be causally involved as a neurotrophic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México.
| | - Clara Alba-Betancourt
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
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