1
|
Carlomagno F, Minnetti M, Angelini F, Pofi R, Sbardella E, Spaziani M, Aureli A, Anzuini A, Paparella R, Tarani L, Porcelli T, De Stefano MA, Pozza C, Gianfrilli D, Isidori AM. Altered Thyroid Feedback Loop in Klinefelter Syndrome: From Infancy Through the Transition to Adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1329-e1340. [PMID: 37216911 PMCID: PMC10584011 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It has been claimed that thyroid dysfunction contributes to the spectrum of Klinefelter syndrome (KS); however, studies are scarce. OBJECTIVE In a retrospective longitudinal study, we aimed at describing the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and thyroid ultrasonographic (US) appearance in patients with KS throughout the life span. METHODS A total of 254 patients with KS (25.9 ± 16.1 years) were classified according to their pubertal and gonadal status and compared with different groups of non-KS age-matched individuals with normal thyroid function, treated and untreated hypogonadism, or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. We assessed serum thyroid hormone levels, antithyroid antibodies, US thyroid parameters, and in vitro pituitary type 2 deiodinase (D2) expression and activity. RESULTS Thyroid autoimmunity was more prevalent among individuals with KS at all ages, although the antibody (Ab)-negative vs Ab-positive cohorts were not different. Signs of thyroid dysfunction (reduced volume, lower echogenicity, and increased inhomogeneity) were more prominent in KS than in euthyroid controls. Free thyroid hormones were lower in prepubertal, pubertal, and adult patients with KS, whereas thyrotropin values were lower only in adults. Peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones was unaltered in KS, suggesting a dysfunctional HPT axis. Testosterone (T) was the only factor associated with thyroid function and appearance. In vitro testing demonstrated an inhibitory effect of T on pituitary D2 expression and activity, supporting enhanced central sensing of circulating thyroid hormones in hypogonadism. CONCLUSION From infancy through adulthood, KS is characterized by increased morphofunctional abnormalities of the thyroid gland, combined with a central feedback dysregulation sustained by the effect of hypogonadism on D2 deiodinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carlomagno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marianna Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Matteo Spaziani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Alessia Aureli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Antonella Anzuini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Roberto Paparella
- Department of Pediatrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome 00161, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Šošić-Jurjević B, Trifunović S, Živanović J, Ajdžanović V, Miler M, Ristić N, Filipović B. Vitamin D 3 Treatment Alters Thyroid Functional Morphology in Orchidectomized Rat Model of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020791. [PMID: 35054977 PMCID: PMC8775693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Thyroid hormones, in addition to vitamin D, significantly contribute to regulation of bone remodeling cycle and health. There is currently no data about a possible connection between vitamin D treatment and the thyroid in the context of osteoporosis. Middle-aged Wistar rats were divided into: sham operated (SO), orchidectomized (Orx), and cholecalciferol-treated orchidectomized (Orx + Vit. D3; 5 µg/kg b.m./day during three weeks) groups (n = 6/group). Concentration of 25(OH)D in serum of the Orx + Vit. D3 group increased 4 and 3.2 times (p < 0.0001) respectively, compared to Orx and SO group. T4, TSH, and calcitonin in serum remained unaltered. Vit. D3 treatment induced changes in thyroid functional morphology that indicate increased utilization of stored colloid and release of thyroid hormones in comparison with hormone synthesis, to maintain hormonal balance. Increased expression of nuclear VDR (p < 0.05) points to direct, TSH independent action of Vit. D on thyrocytes. Strong CYP24A1 immunostaining in C cells suggests its prominent expression in response to Vit. D in this cell subpopulation in orchidectomized rat model of osteoporosis. The indirect effect of Vit. D on bone, through fine regulation of thyroid function, is small.
Collapse
|
3
|
Thambirajah AA, Wade MG, Verreault J, Buisine N, Alves VA, Langlois VS, Helbing CC. Disruption by stealth - Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal crosstalk with thyroid axis function in humans and other animals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111906. [PMID: 34418447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development, and homeostasis of all vertebrates. There are many environmental contaminants that are known to disrupt TH action, yet their mechanisms are only partially understood. While the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are mostly studied as "hormone system silos", the present critical review highlights the complexity of EDCs interfering with TH function through their interactions with other hormonal axes involved in reproduction, stress, and energy metabolism. The impact of EDCs on components that are shared between hormone signaling pathways or intersect between pathways can thus extend beyond the molecular ramifications to cellular, physiological, behavioral, and whole-body consequences for exposed organisms. The comparatively more extensive studies conducted in mammalian models provides encouraging support for expanded investigation and highlight the paucity of data generated in other non-mammalian vertebrate classes. As greater genomics-based resources become available across vertebrate classes, better identification and delineation of EDC effects, modes of action, and identification of effective biomarkers suitable for HPT disruption is possible. EDC-derived effects are likely to cascade into a plurality of physiological effects far more complex than the few variables tested within any research studies. The field should move towards understanding a system of hormonal systems' interactions rather than maintaining hormone system silos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Thambirajah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221 Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Verônica A Alves
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng L, Fu D, Zhu L, Huang J, Ling Y, Cai Z. Testosterone deficiency accelerates early stage atherosclerosis in miniature pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet: urine 1H NMR metabolomics targeted analysis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1245-1255. [PMID: 33226572 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the role of testosterone in the development of atherosclerosis and its related metabolic pathways, we applied a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics approach to investigate urine metabolic profiles in miniature pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet among intact male pigs (IM), castrated male pigs (CM) and castrated male pigs with testosterone replacement (CMT). Our results showed that testosterone deficiency significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion areas, intima-media thickness, as well as serum lipid levels in the CM pigs. Moreover, seventeen significantly changed metabolites were identified in both IM vs. CM and CMT vs. CM groups. Among these, seven were shared between the two comparative groups and were all significantly reduced in the urine of the CM group but rescued in the CMT group. In addition, the correlation analysis demonstrated that several metabolites, including niacinamide, myo-inositol, choline and 3-hydroxyisovalerate, were negatively correlated with atherosclerotic lesion areas. Our study demonstrated that testosterone deficiency accelerated early AS formation in HFC diet-fed pigs, which involved several metabolites predominantly related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial disorders. Our results reveal potential pathways in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis caused by testosterone deficiency and HFC diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Deng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Danting Fu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Department of Experimental Animals, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhaowei Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. .,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang C, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Chen H, Ji M, Chen C, Hu Y, Yu Y, Xia R, Shen J, Gong X, Wang SL. Rno-miR-224-5p contributes to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether-induced low triiodothyronine in rats by targeting deiodinases. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125774. [PMID: 31901531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is commonly associated with substantial adverse impacts on human health, and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), a kind of classic thyroid hormone disruptor, was speculated to be a potential environmental factor, but its effect on thyroxine metabolism has received little attention. In the present study, we investigated the role and mechanism of rno-miR-224-5p in deiodinase-mediated thyroxine metabolism in rats treated with 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47), a predominant PBDE congener in humans. BDE47 decreased plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and increased reverse T3 (rT3) in the rats, and the expression of type 1 deiodinase (DIO1) and type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) increased in both the rats and H4-II-E cells. Rno-miR-224-5p was predicted to target dio1 instead of dio3, according to the TargetScan, miRmap.org and microRNA.org databases. Experiments showed that the rno-miR-224-5p level was decreased by BDE47 in a dose-dependent manner and confirmed that rno-miR-224-5p downregulated both DIO1 and DIO3 in the H4-II-E cells and in the rats, as determined using mimics and an inhibitor of rno-miR-224-5p. Furthermore, DIO1 was observed to be a direct functional target of rno-miR-224-5p, whereas DIO3 was indirectly regulated by rno-miR-224-5p via the phosphorylation of the MAPK/ERK (but not p38 or JNK) pathway. Reportedly, DIO1 and DIO3 act principally as inner-ring deiodinases and are responsible for the conversion of T4 to rT3, but not to T3, and the final clearance of thyroxine (mainly in the form of T2). Our results demonstrated that BDE47 induced low levels of T3 conversion through DIO1 and DIO3, which were regulated by rno-miR-224-5p. The findings suggest a novel additional mechanism of PBDE-induced thyroxine metabolism disorder that differs from that of PBDEs as environmental thyroid disruptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Hang Chen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Minghui Ji
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Hu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Yongquan Yu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Rong Xia
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Jiemiao Shen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Xing Gong
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens-An Insight From Translational Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062024. [PMID: 32188093 PMCID: PMC7139613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male patients receiving estrogen, treatment does not necessarily result in pituitary hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia or adenoma development. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of estrogen action upon their application in male animal models comparing it with available data in human subjects. Sex-specific molecular targets of estrogen action in lactotropic (PRL) cells are highlighted in the context of their proliferative and secretory activity. In addition, putative effects of estradiol on the cellular/tumor microenvironment and the contribution of postnatal pituitary progenitor/stem cells and transdifferentiation processes to prolactinoma development have been analyzed. Finally, estrogen-induced morphological and hormone-secreting changes in pituitary thyrotropic (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells are discussed, as well as the putative role of the thyroid and/or glucocorticoid hormones in prolactinoma development, based on the current scarce literature.
Collapse
|
7
|
Šošić-Jurjević B, Ajdžanović V, Filipović B, Severs W, Milošević V. Thyroid Mediation of the Isoflavone Effects on Osteoporotic Bone: The Endocrine Interference With a Beneficial Outcome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:688. [PMID: 31681166 PMCID: PMC6798150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Walter Severs
- College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. The effect of spironolactone on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid men with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 45:152-159. [PMID: 31520539 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also referred to as autoimmune thyroiditis, is characterized by sexual dimorphism, suggesting an important role of sex hormones in its development. No interventional study has investigated whether drugs exerting antiandrogen properties affect thyroid antibody titres and thyroid function tests in subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS This study included 35 levothyroxine-naïve men with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. At the physician's discretion, 18 men were then treated with spironolactone (50-200 mg daily), while the remaining patients (n = 17) received other diuretics. Serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, testosterone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as titres of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin, were measured at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. Based on hormone levels, constant structure parameters of thyroid homeostasis were calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At baseline, there was no difference between the treatment arms in terms of thyroid antibody titres, hormone levels and the calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis. Thirty-two patients completed the study. Spironolactone increased thyroid antibody titres, decreased testosterone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and reduced SPINA-GT. The drug produced a neutral effect on serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, Jostel's thyrotropin index and SPINA-GD. The effect of spironolactone on antibody titres correlated with treatment-induced changes in SPINA-GT, testosterone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. No significant changes in antibody titres, hormone levels and the calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis were observed in spironolactone-naïve men. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The obtained results indicate that spironolactone may exert an unfavourable effect on progression of autoimmune thyroiditis in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalcze
- Department of Paediatrics in Bytom, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Šošić-Jurjević B, Lütjohann D, Renko K, Filipović B, Radulović N, Ajdžanović V, Trifunović S, Nestorović N, Živanović J, Manojlović Stojanoski M, Kӧhrle J, Milošević V. The isoflavones genistein and daidzein increase hepatic concentration of thyroid hormones and affect cholesterol metabolism in middle-aged male rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:1-10. [PMID: 30885834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether isoflavones interfere with thyroid homeostasis, increase hepatic thyroid hormone concentrations and affect cholesterol metabolism in middle-aged (MA) male rats. Thirteen-month-old Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 35 mg/kg b.w./day of genistein, daidzein or vehicle (controls) for four weeks. Hepatic Dio1 gene expression was up-regulated by 70% (p < 0.001 for both) and Dio1 enzyme activity increased by 64% after genistein (p < 0.001) and 73% after daidzein treatment (p < 0.0001). Hepatic T3 was 75% higher (p < 0.05 for both), while T4 increased only after genistein treatment. Serum T4 concentrations were 31% lower in genistein- and 49% lower in dadzein-treated rats (p < 0.001 for both) compared with controls. Hepatic Cyp7a1 gene expression was up-regulated by 40% after genistein and 32% after daidzein treatment (p < 0.05 for both), in agreement with a 7α-hydroxycholesterol increase of 50% (p < 0.01) and 88% (p < 0.001), respectively. Serum 24- and 27-hydroxycholesterol were 30% lower (p < 0.05 for both), while only 24-hydroxycholesterol was decreased in the liver by 45% after genistein (p < 0.05) and 39% (p < 0.01) after dadzein treatment. Serum concentration of the cholesterol precursor desmosterol was 32% (p < 0.05) lower only after dadzein treatment alone, while both isoflavones elevated this parameter in the liver by 45% (p < 0.01). In conclusion, isoflavones increased T3 availability in the liver of MA males, despite decreasing serum T4. Hepatic increase of T3 possibly contributes to activation of the neutral pathway of cholesterol degradation into bile acids in the liver. While isoflavones obviously have the potential to trigger multiple mechanisms involved in cholesterol metabolism and oxysterol production, they failed to induce any hypocholesterolemic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - D Lütjohann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Renko
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - V Ajdžanović
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Trifunović
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Nestorović
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Živanović
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Manojlović Stojanoski
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Kӧhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. The Effect of Selenomethionine on Thyroid Autoimmunity in Euthyroid Men With Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Testosterone Deficiency. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59:1477-1484. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalcze
- Department of Paediatrics in BytomSchool of Health Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Ajdžanović V, Živanović J, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Trifunović S, Milošević V. The phytoestrogen genistein prevents trabecular bone loss and affects thyroid follicular cells in a male rat model of osteoporosis. J Anat 2018; 233:204-212. [PMID: 29761487 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major phytoestrogen of soy, genistein effectively prevents bone loss in both humans and rat models of osteoporosis. However, although the bone-sparing effects of genistein are achieved directly through estrogen receptors, its mode of action on bone by modulation of other endocrine functions is not entirely clear. Thus, thyroid hormones and calcitonin (CT) have an essential influence on bone metabolism. Besides its action on bones, in this study we examined the effect of genistein on the activity of two different endocrine cell populations, thyroid follicular and C-cells. Fifteen-month-old Wistar rats were either bilaterally orchidectomized (Orx) or sham-operated (SO). Two weeks after surgery, half of the Orx rats were treated chronically with 30 mg kg-1 b.w. genistein (Orx + G) subcutaneously (s.c.) every day for 3 weeks, while the remaining Orx rats and the SO rats were given the same volume of sterile olive oil to serve as controls. For histomorphometrical analysis of the trabecular bone microarchitecture an ImageJ public domain image processing programme was used. Thyroid sections were analysed histologically and stereologically after visualization of follicular and C-cells by immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin and CT. Thyroid follicular epithelium, interstitium, colloid and CT-immunopositive C-cells were examined morphometrically. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC), triiodothyronine (T3 ), thyroxine (T4 ) and CT were determined as well as urinary calcium (Ca2+ ) concentrations. Genistein treatment significantly increased cancellous bone area (B.Ar), trabecular thickness (TbTh) and trabecular number (TbN) (P < 0.05), but trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was decreased (P < 0.05) compared with control Orx rats. In the thyroid, genistein treatment significantly elevated the relative volume density (Vv) of the follicular cells (P < 0.05) compared with Orx, whereas Vv of the colloid was lower (P < 0.05) than in the Orx. Evaluation of the biochemical parameters showed significant reductions in serum OC, T3 , T4 and urinary Ca2+ concentrations (P < 0.05), compared with Orx rats. These data indicate that genistein treatment improves the trabecular microarchitecture of proximal tibia, induces histomorphometrical changes in thyroid glands, and decreases circulating thyroid hormone levels in orchidectomized rat model of male osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branko Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nataša Nestorović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ajdžanovic VZ, Trifunovic S, Miljic D, Šošic-Jurjevic B, Filipovic B, Miler M, Ristic N, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Miloševic V. Somatopause, weaknesses of the therapeutic approaches and the cautious optimism based on experimental ageing studies with soy isoflavones. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:279-301. [PMID: 29743865 PMCID: PMC5938552 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathological phenomenon of somatopause, noticeable in hypogonadal ageing subjects, is based on the growth hormone (GH) production and secretion decrease along with the fall in GH binding protein and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, causing different musculoskeletal, metabolic and mental issues. From the perspective of safety and efficacy, GH treatment is considered to be highly controversial, while some other therapeutic approaches (application of IGF-1, GH secretagogues, gonadal steroids, cholinesterase-inhibitors or various combinations) exhibit more or less pronounced weaknesses in this respect. Soy isoflavones, phytochemicals that have already demonstrated the health benefits in treated elderly, at least experimentally reveal their potential for the somatopausal symptoms remediation. Namely, genistein enhanced GHRH-stimulated cAMP accumulation and GH release in rat anterior pituitary cells; refreshed and stimulated the somatotropic system (hypothalamic nuclei and pituitary GH cells) function in a rat model of the mild andropause, and stimulated the GH output in ovariectomized ewes as well as the amplitude of GH pulses in the rams. Daidzein, on the other hand, increased body mass, trabecular bone mass and decreased bone turnover in the animal model of severe andropause, while both isoflavones demonstrated blood cholesterol-lowering effect in the same model. These data, which necessarily need to be preclinically and clinically filtered, hint some cautious optimism and call for further innovative designing of balanced soy isoflavone-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Z Ajdžanovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miljic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošic-Jurjevic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Miloševic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Filipović B, Šošić‐Jurjević B, Ajdžanović V, Živanović J, Ristić N, Trifunović S, Milošević V. Response of trabecular bone, thyroid C and follicular cells to synthetic salmon calcitonin in middle-aged orchidectomized male rats. J Anat 2017; 230:787-795. [PMID: 28220476 PMCID: PMC5442141 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to studies in women, male osteoporosis is poorly understood and strictly related to advancing age. Among the first antiresorptive substances used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is calcitonin (CT), a hypocalcemic hormone that potently inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption. Natural CT is produced and secreted by thyroid C-cells. The other endocrine population of thyroid cells produces thyroid hormones (TH), which also affect bone turnover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of salmon CT on trabecular bone microarchitecture with special reference to effects on the structure and function of both CT- and TH-producing thyroid cells in orchidectomized (Orx) middle-aged rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats aged 15 months were randomly divided into Orx and sham-operated (SO) groups. One group of Orx animals received (s.c.) synthetic salmon CT (Orx + CT; 100 IU kg-1 b.w.) subcutaneously every second day for 6 weeks. The second Orx group and SO rats were given the same volume of vehicle alone by the same schedule. Trabecular bone histomorphometrical parameters were: cancellous bone area (B.Ar), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were obtained with an ImageJ public-domain image-processing program. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was applied for localization of CT in C-cells. Anti-human CT antisera served as the primary antibodies. For immunohistochemical characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in thyroid tissue, rabbit antisera against human VEGF, served as primary antibodies. CT-immunopositive thyroid C-cells, thyroid follicular epithelium, interstitium and colloid were evaluated morphometrically. Blood serum samples were analyzed for CT, osteocalcin (OC), and thyroxine (T4 ), and calcium (Ca2+ ) concentration was determined in urine samples. Salmon CT application significantly increased B.Ar, TbTh and TbN, but markedly decreased Tb.Sp. Administration of exogenous CT significantly decreased mean volume (Vc) and relative volume density (Vv) of thyroid C-cells in relation to both SO and Orx groups. The Vv of the colloid was higher, whereas the VV of the follicular epithelium was lower after CT treatment compared with Orx alone. CT treatment markedly elevated serum CT, whereas serum OC, T4 and urinary Ca2+ concentrations were lower than in the Orx group. These results indicate that salmon CT stimulates trabecular bone microarchitecture, strongly inhibits thyroid C-cells and changes the structure of the thyroid gland, indicating hypoactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branko Filipović
- Department of CytologyInstitute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Branka Šošić‐Jurjević
- Department of CytologyInstitute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of CytologyInstitute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Department of CytologyInstitute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- Department of CytologyInstitute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunović
- Department of CytologyInstitute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of CytologyInstitute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoermann R, Cheung AS, Milne M, Grossmann M. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Set Point Alterations Are Associated With Body Composition in Androgen-Deprived Men. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:874-885. [PMID: 29264538 PMCID: PMC5686654 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) given to men with prostate cancer is associated with metabolically adverse changes in body composition leading to insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated prospectively whether androgen deprivation or its consequences may be associated with alterations in thyroid function in men. Design: We performed a prespecified secondary analysis of a prospective case control study. Methods: We prospectively followed men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer newly commencing ADT (n = 34) and age-matched controls (n = 29) for 12 months. We assessed secondary outcomes on thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones using a linear mixed model to determine mean adjusted differences (MADs) between groups. Results: After a 12-month follow-up period, TSH increased in cases compared with control subjects [MAD, 0.69 mIU/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58–0.82; P < 0.001]. This was accompanied by a rise in FT4 (MAD, 2.2 pmol/L; 95% CI, 1.1–3.2; P < 0.001), reduced FT3-FT4 conversion (MAD, −0.07; 95% CI, −0.10 to −0.4; P < 0.001), and stable FT3. TSH change correlated significantly with changes in weight, body mass index, and fat mass in cases but not with waist circumference, lean mass, visceral fat, insulin resistance, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and estradiol. The rise in TSH after 12 months was strongly associated with changes in leptin. Conclusions: A profound rise in TSH in the absence of peripheral hypothyroidism under ADT suggests set point adaptations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. This appears to be mediated by body composition changes and by the fat-associated hormone leptin rather than by androgen deficiency. Further studies are required to determine the causality and biological implications of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Hoermann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ada S Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Milne
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ajdžanović VZ, Filipović BR, Šošić Jurjević BT, Milošević VL. Testosterone supplementation, glucocorticoid milieu and bone homeostasis in the ageing male. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:372-382. [PMID: 28186359 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Male ageing is entwined with a continuous fall in free testosterone levels, which contributes to the pathogenesis of bone loss. Glucocorticoid excess, either dependent on the ageing process or iatrogenically induced, was found to additionally impair the bone structure and metabolism. Cautious testosterone supplementation in this respect may positively affect the glucocorticoid milieu and bone homeostasis, while testosterone-induced changes in the glucocorticoid output could serve as a determinant of bone-related therapeutic outcome. Namely, bone mineral content/density, the parameters of trabecular bone structure as well as bone strength are enhanced, serum calcitonin levels tend to increase, while serum osteocalcin, serum parathyroid hormone and urinary calcium decrease, all upon testosterone administration to the ageing male. In parallel, testosterone application decreases glucocorticoid secretion in the animal models of male ageing, while clinical data in this field are still inconsistent. Importantly, a physiological link exists between testosterone-induced changes in glucocorticoid levels and the tendency of bone status improvement in the ageing male. We believe that the assessment of circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations together with glucocorticoid levels, reflecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis feedback loop operativeness during testosterone supplementation, represents a well-balanced bone-related therapeutic update.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Z Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko R Filipović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka T Šošić Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Lj Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Flaxseed secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) during lactation improves bone metabolism in offspring at adulthood. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
17
|
Meyerholz MM, Mense K, Linden M, Raliou M, Sandra O, Schuberth HJ, Hoedemaker M, Schmicke M. Peripheral thyroid hormone levels and hepatic thyroid hormone deiodinase gene expression in dairy heifers on the day of ovulation and during the early peri-implantation period. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:52. [PMID: 27608831 PMCID: PMC5017029 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before the onset of fetal thyroid hormone production, the transplacental delivery of maternal thyroid hormones is necessary for embryonic and fetal development. Therefore, the adaptation of maternal thyroid hormone metabolism may be important for pregnancy success and embryo survival. The aims of this study were to determine the thyroid hormone levels during the early peri-implantation period until day 18 and on the day of ovulation, to determine whether pregnancy success is dependent on a "normothyroid status" and to determine whether physiological adaptations in maternal thyroid hormone metabolism occur, which may be necessary to provide sufficient amounts of biologically active T3 to support early pregnancy. Therefore, blood samples obtained on the day of ovulation (day 0) and days 14 and 18 of the Holstein-Friesian heifers (n = 10) during the respective pregnant, non-pregnant and negative control cycles were analyzed for thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Liver biopsies (day 18) from pregnant and respective non-pregnant heifers were analyzed for mRNA expression of the most abundant hepatic thyroid hormone deiodinase (DIO1) by real time qPCR. RESULTS Although liver DIO1 mRNA expression did not differ between the pregnant and non-pregnant heifers on day 18, the serum concentrations of TSH and T3 on day 18 were higher in non-pregnant heifers compared to pregnant heifers (P < 0.05). Moreover, T3 decreased between day 0 and 18 in pregnant heifers (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, no associations between thyroid hormone patterns on day 18 and pregnancy success were detected. During the early peri-implantation period, TSH and T3 may be affected by the pregnancy status because both TSH and T3 were lower on day 18 in pregnant heifers compared to non-pregnant dairy heifers. In further studies, the thyroid hormone axis should be evaluated throughout the entire gestation to confirm these data and identify other possible effects of pregnancy on the thyroid hormone axis in cattle.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ibrahim A, Ali MM, Abou-Khalil NS, Ali MF. Evaluation of chemical castration with calcium chloride versus surgical castration in donkeys: testosterone as an endpoint marker. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:46. [PMID: 26956100 PMCID: PMC4784444 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the last few years, researchers have been interested in developing a method for chemical sterilization which may be a better alternative to surgical castration. An ideal chemical sterilant would be one that effectively arrests spermatogenesis and androgenesis as well as libido with absence of toxic or other side effects. Calcium chloride in various solutions and concentrations has been tested in many animal species, but few studies have been evaluated it in equines as a chemical sterilant. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemical castration with 20% calcium chloride dissolved in absolute ethanol in comparison with surgical castration in donkeys based on the changes in the serum testosterone level and the histopathological changes in treated testes. METHODS Twelve clinically healthy adult male donkeys were used in this study. Donkeys were divided randomly and equally into two groups: a surgical (S) group (n = 6) and a chemical (C) group (n = 6). Animals in the (S) group were subjected to surgical castration while those in the (C) group received a single bilateral intratesticular injection of 20% calcium chloride dissolved in absolute ethanol (20 ml/testis). Animals were kept under clinical observation for 60 days. Changes in animals' behavior and gross changes in external genitalia were monitored daily. Serum concentrations of testosterone were measured prior to treatment and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days post-treatment. Testicles in the (C) group were examined histopathologically at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Chemical castration with intratesticular calcium chloride vs. surgical castration failed to reduce serum concentrations of testosterone throughout the whole duration of the study; however it induced orchitis that was evident by focal necrotic areas in seminiferous tubules, cellular infiltration of neutrophils, proliferative intertubular fibrosis with a compensatory proliferation of Leydig cells. Donkeys tolerated the intratesticular injection of calcium chloride. There were no detectable changes in the general health status of the animals with the exception of swelling in external genitalia, scrotal ulcerations and fistulas. Food and water consumption and the gait of animals remained unaffected. CONCLUSION Intratesticular calcium chloride can't be considered an effective method for chemical castration in donkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, 70155, Egypt.
| | - Magda M Ali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, 70155, Egypt
| | - Nasser S Abou-Khalil
- Department of Medical physiology, Faculty of medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Pathology and clinical pathology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Šošić-Jurjević B, Filipović B, Renko K, Miler M, Trifunović S, Ajdžanovič V, Kӧhrle J, Milošević V. Testosterone and estradiol treatments differently affect pituitary-thyroid axis and liver deiodinase 1 activity in orchidectomized middle-aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:85-98. [PMID: 26384168 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that orchidectomy (Orx) of middle-aged rats (15-16-month-old; MA) slightly affected pituitary-thyroid axis, but decreased liver deiodinase (Dio) type 1 and pituitary Dio2 enzyme activities. At present, we examined the effects of subsequent testosterone-propionate treatment (5mg/kg; Orx+T), and compared the effects of testosterone with the effects of estradiol-dipropionate (0.06mg/kg; Orx+E) treatment. Hormones were subcutaneously administered, daily, for three weeks, while Orx and sham-operated (SO) controls received only the vehicle. The applied dose of T did not alter serum TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations in Orx- MA, though it increased TSH when administrated to Orx young adults (2.5-month-old; Orx-YA). However, pituitaries of Orx-MA+T rats had higher relative intensity of immunofluorescence (RIF) for TSHβ; in their thyroids we found increased volume and height of follicular epithelium, decreased volume of the colloid and higher RIF for T4-bound to thyroglobulin (Tg-T4). Liver Dio1 activity was increased. E-treatment did not affect serum hormone levels, pituitary RIF for TSHβ, or liver Dio1 activity in Orx-MA rats. Thyroids had decreased relative volume and height of follicular epithelium, increased relative volume of the colloid, decreased volume of sodium-iodide symporter-immunopositive epithelium and lower RIF for Tg-T4. Detected changes were statistically significant. In conclusion, androgenization enhanced pituitary TSHβ RIF, thyroid activation and liver Dio1 enzyme activity in Orx-MA, without elevating serum TSH as in Orx-YA rats. Estrogenization induced pituitary enlargement with no effect on pituitary TSHβ RIF, serum TSH or liver Dio1 activity. E also induced alterations in thyroid histology that indicate mild suppression of its functioning, and contributed to thyroid blood vessel enlargement in Orx-MA rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - B Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Renko
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Miler
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Trifunović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Ajdžanovič
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Kӧhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Šošić-Jurjević B, Filipović B, Wirth EK, Živanović J, Radulović N, Janković S, Milošević V, Köhrle J. Soy isoflavones interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis in orchidectomized middle-aged rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 278:124-34. [PMID: 24793811 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that genistein (G) and daidzein (D) administered subcutaneously (10mg/kg) induce changes in the angio-follicular units of the thyroid gland, reduce concentration of total thyroid hormones (TH) and increase thyrotropin (TSH) in serum of orchidectomized middle-aged (16-month-old) rats. To further investigate these effects, we now examined expression levels of the thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroperoxidase (Tpo), vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) and deiodinase type 1 (Dio 1) genes in the thyroid; in the pituitary, genes involved in TH feedback control (Tsh β, Dio 1, Dio 2, Trh receptor); and in the liver and kidney, expression of T3-activated genes Dio 1 and Spot 14, as well as transthyretin (Ttr), by quantitative real-time PCR. We also analyzed TPO-immunopositivity and immunofluorescence of T4 bound to Tg, determined thyroid T4 levels and measured deiodinase enzyme activities in examined organs. Decreased expression of Tg and Tpo genes (p<0.05) correlated with immunohistochemical staining results, and together with decreased serum total T4 levels, indicates decreased Tg and TH synthesis following treatments with both isoflavones. However, expression of Spot 14 (p<0.05) gene in liver and kidney was up-regulated, and liver Dio 1 expression and activity (p<0.05) increased. At the level of pituitary, no significant change in gene expression levels, or Dio 1 and 2 enzyme activities was observed. In conclusion, both G and D impaired Tg and TH synthesis, but at the same time increased tissue availability of TH in peripheral tissues of Orx middle-aged rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branko Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Snežana Janković
- Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 68b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|