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Dar MI, Rafat S, Dev K, Abass S, Khan MU, Abualsunun WA, Murshid SS, Ahmad S, Qureshi MI. Heartwood Extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Offers Defense against Oxyradicals and Improves Glucose Uptake in HepG2 Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:947. [PMID: 36295849 PMCID: PMC9607431 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus leads to cellular damage and causes apoptosis by oxidative stress. Heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium has been used in Ayurveda to treat various diseases such as leprosy, diabetes, asthma, and bronchitis. In this study, we worked out the mechanism of the antidiabetic potential of methanolic heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium (MPME). First, metabolic profiling of MPME was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to identify phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in MPME. Biological studies were carried out in vitro using the HepG2 cell line. Many antidiabetic compounds were identified including Quercetin. Methanolic extract of MPME (23.43 µg/mL-93.75 µg/mL) was found to be safe and effective in reducing oxyradicals in HepG2 cells. A concentration of 93.75 µg/mL improved glucose uptake efficiently. A significant decrease in oxidative stress, cell damage, and apoptosis was found in MPME-treated HepG2 cells. The study suggests that the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium offers good defense in HepG2 cells against oxidative stress and improves glucose uptake. The results show the significant antidiabetic potential of MPME using a HepG2 cell model. The effect seems to occur by reducing oxidative stress and sensitizing the cells towards glucose uptake, hence lowering systemic glucose levels, as well as rescuing ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sageer Abass
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Umar Khan
- Department of Food Technology School of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Walaa A. Abualsunun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. Murshid
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose promotes melanin degradation via the autophagic AMPK-ULK1 signaling axis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13983. [PMID: 35977966 PMCID: PMC9385628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still an unmet need for development of safer antimelanogenic or melanin-degrading agents for skin hyperpigmentation, induced by intrinsic or extrinsic factors including aging or ultraviolet irradiation. Owing to the relatively low cytotoxicity compared with other chemical materials, several studies have explored the role of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), the most dominant component of human milk oligosaccharides. Here, we showed that 2'-FL reduced melanin levels in both melanocytic cells and a human skin equivalent three-dimensional in vitro model. Regarding the cellular and molecular mechanism, 2'-FL induced LC3I conversion into LC3II, an autophagy activation marker, followed by the formation of LC3II+/PMEL+ autophagosomes. Comparative transcriptome analysis provided a comprehensive understanding for the up- and downstream cellular processes and signaling pathways of the AMPK–ULK1 signaling axis triggered by 2'-FL treatment. Moreover, 2'-FL activated the phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 and of ULK1 at Ser555, which were readily reversed in the presence of dorsomorphin, a specific AMPK inhibitor, with consequent reduction of the 2'-FL-mediated hypopigmentation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that 2'-FL promotes melanin degradation by inducing autophagy through the AMPK–ULK1 axis. Hence, 2'-FL may represent a new natural melanin-degrading agent for hyperpigmentation.
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Díaz-García CM, Meyer DJ, Nathwani N, Rahman M, Martínez-François JR, Yellen G. The distinct roles of calcium in rapid control of neuronal glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. eLife 2021; 10:e64821. [PMID: 33555254 PMCID: PMC7870136 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When neurons engage in intense periods of activity, the consequent increase in energy demand can be met by the coordinated activation of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. However, the trigger for glycolytic activation is unknown and the role for Ca2+ in the mitochondrial responses has been debated. Using genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors and NAD(P)H autofluorescence imaging in acute hippocampal slices, here we find that Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondria is responsible for the buildup of mitochondrial NADH, probably through Ca2+ activation of dehydrogenases in the TCA cycle. In the cytosol, we do not observe a role for the Ca2+/calmodulin signaling pathway, or AMPK, in mediating the rise in glycolytic NADH in response to acute stimulation. Aerobic glycolysis in neurons is triggered mainly by the energy demand resulting from either Na+ or Ca2+ extrusion, and in mouse dentate granule cells, Ca2+ creates the majority of this demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan J Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nidhi Nathwani
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Mahia Rahman
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Gary Yellen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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Cardioprotective Effects of Taurisolo® in Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cells under High-Glucose and Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment via De Novo Sphingolipid Synthesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2961406. [PMID: 33273998 PMCID: PMC7683148 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2961406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In addition to high plasma glucose, increased levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) have been found in obese subjects, where are considered as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a novel nutraceutical formulation based on grape polyphenols (registered as Taurisolo®) in counteracting TMAO- and high glucose (HG)-induced cytotoxicity in cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells. Cell damage was induced with HG (HG-H9c2) and HG+TMAO (THG-H9c2); both experimental cell models were, thus, incubated for 72 h in the presence or absence of Taurisolo®. It was observed that Taurisolo® significantly increased the cell viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase release in both HG- and THG-H9c2 cells. Additionally, through its antioxidant activity, Taurisolo® modulated cell proliferation via ERK activation in THG-H9c2. Furthermore, Taurisolo® was able to induce autophagic process via increasing the expression of LC3II, a protein marker involved in formation of autophagosome and ex novo synthesis of sphingomyelin, ceramides, and their metabolites both in HG- and THG-H9c2 cells. Finally, Taurisolo® reduced hypertrophy and induced differentiation of HG-H9C2 cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. These data suggest that Taurisolo® counteracts the toxicity induced by TMAO and HG concentrations increasing autophagic process and activating de novo sphingolipid synthesis, resulting in a morphological cell remodeling. In conclusion, our results allow speculating that Taurisolo®, combined with energy restriction, may represent a useful nutraceutical approach for prevention of cardiomyopathy in obese subjects.
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p38 MAPK in Glucose Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle: Beneficial or Harmful? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186480. [PMID: 32899870 PMCID: PMC7555282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles respond to environmental and physiological changes by varying their size, fiber type, and metabolic properties. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is one of several signaling pathways that drive the metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise. p38 MAPK also participates in the development of pathological traits resulting from excessive caloric intake and obesity that cause metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whereas p38 MAPK increases insulin-independent glucose uptake and oxidative metabolism in muscles during exercise, it contrastingly mediates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance during metabolic syndrome development. This article provides an overview of the apparent contradicting roles of p38 MAPK in the adaptation of skeletal muscles to exercise and to pathological conditions leading to glucose intolerance and T2D. Here, we focus on the involvement of p38 MAPK in glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle, and discuss the possibility of targeting this pathway to prevent the development of T2D.
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Gregnani MF, Hungaro TG, Martins-Silva L, Bader M, Araujo RC. Bradykinin B2 Receptor Signaling Increases Glucose Uptake and Oxidation: Evidence and Open Questions. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1162. [PMID: 32848770 PMCID: PMC7417865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kinin B2 receptor (B2R) is classically involved in vasodilation and inflammatory responses. However, through the observation of hypoglycemic effects of Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, this protein has been related to metabolic glucose modulation in physiological and pathophysiological contexts. Although several studies have evaluated this matter, the different methodologies and models employed, combined with the distinct target organs, results in a challenge to summarize and apply the knowledge in this field. Therefore, this review aims to compile human and animal data in order to provide a big picture about what is already known regarding B2R and glucose metabolism, as well to suggest pending investigation issues aiming at evaluating the role of B2R in relation to glucose metabolism in homeostatic situations and metabolic disturbances. The data indicate that B2R signaling is involved mainly in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, acting as a synergic player beside insulin. However, most data indicate that B2R induces increased glucose oxidation, instead of storage, via activation of a broad signaling cascade involving Nitric Oxide (NO) and cyclic-GMP dependent protein kinase (PKG). Additionally, we highlight that this modulation is impaired in metabolic disturbances such as diabetes and obesity, and we provide a hypothetic mechanism to explain this blockade in light of literature data provided for this review, as well as other authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernandes Gregnani
- Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolism of Exercise, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Talita G Hungaro
- Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolism of Exercise, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronaldo C Araujo
- Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolism of Exercise, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Prado-Garcia H, Campa-Higareda A, Romero-Garcia S. Lactic Acidosis in the Presence of Glucose Diminishes Warburg Effect in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:807. [PMID: 32596143 PMCID: PMC7303336 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acidosis (3 to 40 mM, pH < 6.9) is a condition found in solid tumors because tumor cells have a high rate of glucose consumption and lactate production even in the presence of oxygen; nevertheless, the microenvironment might still provide a sufficient glucose supply. Lactic acidosis has been proposed to shift metabolism from aerobic glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We tested if lung tumor cells cultured under lactic acidosis shift their metabolism from glycolysis to OXPHOS by consuming extracellular lactate, increasing growth rate. We analyzed lung adenocarcinoma (A-549, A-427) cell lines and non-transformed fibroblast cells (MRC-5), which were cultured using RPMI-1640 medium initially containing lactate (2 mM) and glucose (10 mM), at pH 7.2 or 6.2 and oxygen tension 21% O2 (normoxia) or 2% O2 (hypoxia). We obtained growth curves, as well as glucose consumption and lactate production rates (measured during exponential growth) for each cell line. HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α), CS (citrate synthase) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) transcript levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR. By flow cytometry, we determined: (a) expression of glucose transporters (GLUT)1 and 4; (b) lactate transporters (MCT)1 and 4; (c) cell cycle profile, and (d) protein levels of HIF-1α, total and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK). Mitochondrial functionality was evaluated by measuring O2 consumption in tumor cells using polarography and a Clark-type electrode. Tumor and non-transformed cells used both aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS for obtaining energy. As of 48 h of culture, lactate levels ranged from (4.5–14 mM), thus forming a lactic environment. Lactic acidosis diminished GLUT1/GLUT4 expression and glucose consumption in A-549, but not in A-427 cells, and induced differential expression of HIF-1α, AMPK, and CS transcripts. A-427 cells increased pAMPK and HIF-1α levels and shifted their metabolism increasing OXPHOS; thus supporting cell growth. Conversely, A-549 cells increased HIF-1α protein levels, but did not activate AMPK and diminished OXPHOS. A-549 cells survived by arresting cells in G1-phase. Our findings show that lactic acidosis diminishes Warburg effect in tumor cells, but this change does not necessarily promote a shift to OXPHOS. Hence, lung adenocarcinomas show a differential metabolic response even when they are under the same microenvironmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Campa-Higareda
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Chen JX, Li HY, Li TT, Fu WC, Du X, Liu CH, Zhang W. Alisol A-24-acetate promotes glucose uptake via activation of AMPK in C2C12 myotubes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 32020870 PMCID: PMC7076831 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alisol A-24-acetate (AA-24-a) is one of the main active triterpenes isolated from the well-known medicinal plant Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz., which possesses multiple biological activities, including a hypoglycemic effect. Whether AA-24-a is a hypoglycemic-active compound of A. orientale (Sam.) Juz. is unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the effect and potential mechanism of action of AA-24-a on glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. METHOD Effects of AA-24-a on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane were evaluated. Glucose uptake was determined using a 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) uptake assay. Cell membrane proteins were isolated and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein was detected by western blotting to examine the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. To determine the underlying mechanism, the phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in the insulin and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways were examined using western blotting. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of key enzymes in AMPK signaling pathway were used to examine the role of these kinases in the AA-24-a-induced glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. RESULTS We found that AA-24-a significantly promoted glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myotubes. AA-24-a increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, but had no effect on the insulin-dependent pathway involving insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). In addition, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the AKT substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), two proteins that act downstream of AMPK, was upregulated. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, blocked AA-24-a-induced AMPK pathway activation and reversed AA-24-a-induced glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane, indicating that AA-24-a promotes glucose metabolism via the AMPK pathway in vitro. STO-609, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) inhibitor, also attenuated AA-24-a-induced glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. Moreover, STO-609 weakened AA-24-a-induced phosphorylation of AMPK, p38 MAPK and AS160. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that AA-24-a isolated from A. orientale (Sam.) Juz. significantly enhances glucose uptake via the CaMKKβ-AMPK-p38 MAPK/AS160 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tian-Tian Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Fu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xin Du
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chun-Hui Liu
- China national institute of standardization, 4 Zhichun Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Winslow MA, Hall SE. Muscle wasting: A review of exercise, classical and non-classical RAS axes. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5836-5845. [PMID: 31273946 PMCID: PMC6714228 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review identifies how the classical/non‐classical renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) and exercise influence muscle wasting. The classical RAS axis enhances muscle loss through the interaction with NADPH oxidase (NOX), ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), protein synthesis and fibrosis pathways. The mainstream hypothesis identifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the key pathway in muscle, this review recognizes alternative pathways that lead to an increase in muscle wasting through the classical RAS axis. In addition, pathways in which the non‐classical RAS axis and exercise inhibit the classical RAS axis are also explored. The non‐classical RAS axis and exercise have a significant negative impact on ROS production and protein synthesis. The non‐classical RAS axis has been identified in this review to directly affect protein synthesis pathways not by altering the pre‐existing intracellular ROS level, further supporting the idea that muscle wasting caused by the classical RAS system is not entirely due to ROS production. Exercise has been identified to modify the RAS axes making it a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Winslow
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho
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Sasikumar P, Lekshmy K, Sini S, Prabha B, Kumar NA, Sivan VV, Jithin MM, Jayamurthy P, Shibi IG, Radhakrishnan KV. Isolation and characterization of resveratrol oligomers from the stem bark of Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. And their antidiabetic effect by modulation of digestive enzymes, protein glycation and glucose uptake in L6 myocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:196-204. [PMID: 30844488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Is used in traditional herbal formulations for diabetes complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of extracts and compounds from H. ponga. MATERIALS AND METHODS Silica gel column chromatography was performed to identify various chemical components of the plant extract. Different extracts of H. ponga and isolated compounds were screened for their antidiabetic effect by modulation of digestive enzymes and protein glycation. The effect of glucose uptake by the compounds and the pathways through which the compounds mediate the glucose uptake potential were confirmed by fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. RESULTS Acetone and ethanol extracts of the stem bark of Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Afforded six resveratrol oligomers namely, E-resveratrol (1), (-)-ε-viniferin (2), (-)-α-viniferin (3), trihydroxyphenanthrene glucoside (THPG) (4), vaticaphenol A (5), (-)-hopeaphenol (6), along with four phytosterols. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. Compounds 1-5 and 7-10 were tested for their α-glucosidase, α-amylase and glycation inhibitiory activities. All the resveratrol oligomers (1-5) showed prominent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values, 12.56 ± 1.00, 23.98 ± 1.11, 7.17 ± 1.10, 31.74 ± 0.42 and 16.95 ± 0.39 μM, respectively. Molecular docking studies also supported the observed α-glucosidase inhibition. Compound 3 displayed IC50 values of 4.85 ± 0.06 and 27.10 ± 0.04 μM in α-amylase and glycation inhibitory assays activity. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that the compounds 3 and 4 were found to be less toxic at a concentration of 100 μM (<10%) and 25 μM (<20%), respectively. The effect of glucose uptake performed by 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) in L6 myoblast were measured by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The compounds 3 and 4 showed 2-NBDG uptake of 49.6% and 38.8% respectively. By examining the molecular pathway through which the compounds elicit their glucose uptake potential, it was observed that both the compounds mainly act via AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the isolation of compounds from H. ponga. Altogether, the results of this study reveal the antidiabetic effects of H. ponga extracts and isolated compounds promoting traditional use of this plant in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sasikumar
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - K Lekshmy
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - S Sini
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - B Prabha
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - N Anil Kumar
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation-Community Agrobiodiversity Centre (MSSRF-CAbC), Puthurvayal, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - V V Sivan
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation-Community Agrobiodiversity Centre (MSSRF-CAbC), Puthurvayal, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - M M Jithin
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation-Community Agrobiodiversity Centre (MSSRF-CAbC), Puthurvayal, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - P Jayamurthy
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - I G Shibi
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Chempazhanthy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - K V Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India.
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Cheruiyot A, Li S, Nickless A, Roth R, Fitzpatrick JAJ, You Z. Compound C inhibits nonsense-mediated RNA decay independently of AMPK. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204978. [PMID: 30289931 PMCID: PMC6173407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonsense mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway safeguards the integrity of the transcriptome by targeting mRNAs with premature translation termination codons (PTCs) for degradation. It also regulates gene expression by degrading a large number of non-mutant RNAs (including mRNAs and noncoding RNAs) that bear NMD-inducing features. Consequently, NMD has been shown to influence development, cellular response to stress, and clinical outcome of many genetic diseases. Small molecules that can modulate NMD activity provide critical tools for understanding the mechanism and physiological functions of NMD, and they also offer potential means for treating certain genetic diseases and cancer. Therefore, there is an intense interest in identifying small-molecule NMD inhibitors or enhancers. It was previously reported that both inhibition of NMD and treatment with the AMPK-selective inhibitor Compound C (CC) induce autophagy in human cells, raising the possibility that CC may be capable of inhibiting NMD. Here we show that CC indeed has a NMD-inhibitory activity. Inhibition of NMD by CC is, however, independent of AMPK activity. As a competitive ATP analog, CC does not affect the kinase activity of SMG1, an essential NMD factor and the only known kinase in the NMD pathway. However, CC treatment down-regulates the protein levels of several NMD factors. The induction of autophagy by CC treatment is independent of ATF4, a NMD target that has been shown to promote autophagy in response to NMD inhibition. Our results reveal a new activity of CC as a NMD inhibitor, which has implications for its use in basic research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigael Cheruiyot
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrew Nickless
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Robyn Roth
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James A. J. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhongsheng You
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ke R, Xu Q, Li C, Luo L, Huang D. Mechanisms of AMPK in the maintenance of ATP balance during energy metabolism. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:384-392. [PMID: 29205673 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved sensor of cellular energy change and is activated by increased AMP/ATP and/or ADP/ATP ratios. AMPK maintains the energy balance by decreasing the ATP-consuming processes such as transcription of synthetic fat genes and rRNA, the translation of ribosomal proteins, synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid, while the metabolic pathways such as glucose and fatty transport, fatty acid oxidation, autophagy, mitochondrial synthesis and oxidative metabolism are increased to preserve ATP during energy deficiency. Recent advance has demonstrated that AMPK activity has a close association with the initiation and progression in various cancers. Here we review the mechanisms that AMPK controls energy metabolism through regulating ATP synthesis and consumption, and further discuss the deregulation of AMPK in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qicao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17th Yongwaizheng St., Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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13
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PKC and Rab13 mediate Ca2+ signal-regulated GLUT4 traffic. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1956-1963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim N, Jung Y, Nam M, Sun Kang M, Lee MK, Cho Y, Choi EK, Hwang GS, Soo Kim H. Angiotensin II affects inflammation mechanisms via AMPK-related signalling pathways in HL-1 atrial myocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10328. [PMID: 28871102 PMCID: PMC5583339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common cause of cardiac arrhythmia. Angiotensin ІІ (Ang ІІ) is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of cardiac inflammation; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored the effect of Ang ІІ on inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress using HL-1 atrial myocytes. We showed that Ang ІІ activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and other inflammatory markers, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Ang ІІ decreased oxygen consumption rate, which resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibition of ROS blocked Ang II-mediated JNK phosphorylation and TGF-β1 induction. Ang ІІ induced the expression of its specific receptor, AT1R. Ang II-induced intracellular calcium production associated with Ang ІІ-mediated signalling pathways. In addition, the generated ROS and calcium stimulated AMPK phosphorylation. Inhibiting AMPK blocked Ang II-mediated JNK and TGF-β signalling pathways. Ang ІІ concentration, along with TGF-β1 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, was slightly increased in plasma of patients with atrial fibrillation. Taken together, these results suggest that Ang ІІ induces inflammation mechanisms through an AMPK-related signalling pathway. Our results provide new molecular targets for the development of therapeutics for inflammation-related conditions, such as atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Nam
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Kang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea. .,Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Díaz-García CM, Mongeon R, Lahmann C, Koveal D, Zucker H, Yellen G. Neuronal Stimulation Triggers Neuronal Glycolysis and Not Lactate Uptake. Cell Metab 2017; 26:361-374.e4. [PMID: 28768175 PMCID: PMC5559896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proper brain function requires a substantial energy supply, up to 20% of whole-body energy in humans, and brain activation produces large dynamic variations in energy demand. While local increases in cerebral blood flow are well known, the cellular responses to energy demand are controversial. During brain excitation, glycolysis of glucose to lactate temporarily exceeds the rate of mitochondrial fuel oxidation; although the increased energy demand occurs mainly within neurons, some have suggested this glycolysis occurs mainly in astrocytes, which then shuttle lactate to neurons as their primary fuel. Using metabolic biosensors in acute hippocampal slices and brains of awake mice, we find that neuronal metabolic responses to stimulation do not depend on astrocytic stimulation by glutamate release, nor do they require neuronal uptake of lactate; instead they reflect increased direct glucose consumption by neurons. Neuronal glycolysis temporarily outstrips oxidative metabolism, and provides a rapid response to increased energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Mongeon
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolina Lahmann
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorothy Koveal
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah Zucker
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary Yellen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abe D, Saito T, Nogata Y. Rosmarinic Acid Regulates Fatty Acid and Glucose Utilization by Activating the CaMKK/AMPK Pathway in C2C12 Myotubes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.22.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Abe
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center
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