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Molecular Signature of Neuroinflammation Induced in Cytokine-Stimulated Human Cortical Spheroids. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051025. [PMID: 35625761 PMCID: PMC9138619 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Crucial in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is the process of neuroinflammation that is often linked to the pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). Human cortical spheroids (hCSs) constitute a valuable tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological diseases in a complex three-dimensional context. We recently designed a protocol to generate hCSs comprising all major brain cell types. Here we stimulate these hCSs for three time periods with TNFα and with IL-1β. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the main process induced in the TNFα- as well as in the IL-1β-stimulated hCSs is neuroinflammation. Central in the neuroinflammatory response are endothelial cells, microglia and astrocytes, and dysregulated genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, and downstream NFκB- and STAT-pathway components. Furthermore, we observe sets of neuroinflammation-related genes that are specifically modulated in the TNFα-stimulated and in the IL-1β-stimulated hCSs. Together, our results help to molecularly understand human neuroinflammation and thus a key mechanism of neurodegeneration.
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Hryciuk MM, Jewgenow K, Braun BC. Cloprostenol, a synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α induces functional regression in cultured luteal cells of felids†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:137-147. [PMID: 33864060 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of the synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)-cloprostenol-on cultured steroidogenic luteal cells of selected felid species over a 2-day culture period. The changes induced by cloprostenol were measured based on progesterone concentration and mRNA expression analysis of selected genes. Cloprostenol significantly reduced concentration of progesterone in cell culture medium of small luteal cells isolated from domestic cat corpora lutea (CL) at the development/maintenance stage (P < 0.05), but did not influence progesterone production in cultured cells from the regression stage. A decrease or complete silencing of progesterone production was also measured in cultured luteal cells of African lion (formation stage) and Javan leopard (development/maintenance stage). Gene-expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed that treatment with cloprostenol did not have an influence on expression of selected genes coding for enzymes of steroidogenesis (StAR, HSD3B, CYP11A1) or prostaglandin synthesis (PTGS2, PGES), nor did it effect hormone receptors (AR, ESR1, PGR, PTGER2), an anti-oxidative enzyme (SOD1) or factors of cell apoptosis (FAS, CASP3, TNFRSF1B, BCL2) over the studied period. Significant changes were measured only for expressions of luteinizing hormone (P < 0.05), prolactin (P < 0.05) and PGF2α receptors (P < 0.005) (LHCGR, PRLR, and PTGFR). The obtained results confirm that PGF2α/cloprostenol is a luteolytic agent in CL of felids and its impact on progesterone production depends on the developmental stage of the CL. Cloprostenol short-term treatment on luteal cells was associated only with functional but not structural changes related to luteal regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał M Hryciuk
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate C Braun
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Khayami R, Hashemi SR, Kerachian MA. Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in the cancer process and its therapeutic potential. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8890-8902. [PMID: 32633024 PMCID: PMC7417692 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in cancer is not totally clear but growing evidence is suggesting to have a great impact on cancer progression. AKR1B1 could participate in a complicated network of signalling pathways, proteins and miRNAs such as mir‐21 mediating mechanisms like inflammatory responses, cell cycle, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell survival and apoptosis. AKR1B1 has been shown to be mostly overexpressed in cancer. This overexpression has been associated with inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), cell cycle mediators such as cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), survival proteins and pathways like mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase B (PKB) or AKT, and other regulatory factors in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin synthesis. In addition, inhibition of AKR1B1 has been shown to mostly have anti‐cancer effects. Several studies have also suggested that AKR1B1 inhibition as an adjuvant therapy could render tumour cells more sensitive to anti‐cancer therapy or alleviate the adverse effects of therapy. AKR1B1 could also be considered as a potential cancer diagnostic biomarker since its promoter has shown high levels of methylation. Although pre‐clinical investigations on the role of AKR1B1 in cancer and the application of its inhibitors have shown promising results, the lack of clinical studies on AKR1B1 inhibitors has hampered the use of these drugs to treat cancer. Thus, there is a need to conduct more clinical studies on the application of AKR1B1 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy on different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khayami
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Reza Hashemi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhang X, Chen YR, Zhao YL, Liu WW, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ogura T, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Type I collagen or gelatin stimulates mouse peritoneal macrophages to aggregate and produce pro-inflammatory molecules through upregulated ROS levels. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105845. [PMID: 31470266 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix (ECM) comprising the environments of multicellular society has a dynamic network structure. Collagen is one of the ubiquitous components of ECM. Collagen affects the inflammatory response by regulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from cells. Gelatin, denatured collagen found temporally in tissues, is supposed to be pathophysiologically involved in tissue remodeling, inflammation caused by tissue damage. Previous reports indicate that, phorbol myristate (PMA)-stimulated human U937 (lymphoma cell line) cells that are often used as macrophage-like cells, show cell aggregations when cultured on type I collagen (col I) or gelatin-coated dishes, accompanying the changes of production and release of proinflammatory factors. However, it still remains to be examined whether collagen and gelatin affects normal macrophages as well. AIM This study aims to investigate the effect of col. I, the main component of collagenous protein and its denatured product, gelatin, on mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs). METHODS MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis of ROS, biochemical detection of antioxidant levels, ELISA assay, and western blot were used. RESULTS MPMs formed multicellular aggregates on col. I - and gelatin-coated dishes with a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further studies showed that the culture on col. I and gelatin up-regulated the protein expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules such as IL-1β, TNFα and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in MPMs. The levels were higher in the cells on gelatin than those on col. I. ROS levels are significantly increased in the cells cultured on both col. I- and gelatin-coated dishes, accompanying decreased levels of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH), and enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. CONCLUSION Col I - or gelatin-coated culture induced the formation of multicellular aggregates and increased production of NF-κB-associated pro-inflammatory molecules in MPMs through up-regulation of ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi-Ran Chen
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ye-Li Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogura
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Medical Research Institute of Curing mibyo, Machida, Tokyo 194-0042, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
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Pandey A, Medhamurthy R, Rao S, Asaithambi K. Hormonal regulation and function of an RNA helicase, Ddx5 in corpus luteum of adult Wistar rats. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:179-188. [PMID: 31151754 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Corpus luteum (CL) is an endocrine tissue involved in regulation of reproductive cycle and early pregnancy establishment. In the present study DEAD-box helicase-5 (Ddx5), a member of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases was investigated for its expression, regulation and function in CL of Wistar rats. Ddx5 was expressed in adult rat CL. Primary cell culture from supra-ovulated ovaries were established for in vitro studies. Addition of luteinizing hormone (LH; 100 ng/ml), a luteotrophic factor in primary cell culture, decreased Ddx5 RNA expression (foldchange:0.6 ± 0.075) while prostaglandin alpha (PGF2α; 1μM), a luteolytic factor caused an increase (foldchange:2.4 ± 0.4) compared to control group. Under in vivo conditions, the administration of PGF2α or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist; cetrorelix (CET) caused luteolysis as well as an increase in the protein level of Ddx5 (foldchange:1.9 ± 0.27 and 1.4 ± 0.09 viz.; p < 0.05) in CL of adult rats. LH was administered post CET treatment which suppressed Ddx5 protein expression (foldchange:0.8 ± 0.16; p < 0.05) compared to CET treated group. Further, it was observed that the expression of Ddx5 was upregulated (foldchange:1.5 ± 0.23; p < 0.05) in CL during late pregnancy compared to mid pregnancy concomitant to luteolysis in adult rats. Overall, the results suggest for the first time that Ddx5 is expressed in rat CL and regulated by luteolytic and luteotrophic factors in an inverse fashion. Further, the data significantly correlates ddx5 expression to CL regression suggesting involvement of ddx5 in luteolysis. These results suggest a significant role of Ddx5 in female reproduction biology and warrant in depth examination of the function of Ddx5 in CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparamita Pandey
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Rudraiah Medhamurthy
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Swati Rao
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Killivalavan Asaithambi
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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6
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Effect of multiple low-dose PGF2α injections on the mature corpus luteum in non-pregnant bitches. Theriogenology 2018; 113:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Latanoprost-induced Cytokine and Chemokine Release From Human Tenon's Capsule Fibroblasts: Role of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. J Glaucoma 2016; 24:635-41. [PMID: 25715004 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term topical antiglaucoma therapy is considered a significant risk factor for failure of trabeculectomy. We investigated the effects of antiglaucoma drugs on proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) as well as the signaling pathways that underlie such effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The phosphorylation (activation) of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as the phosphorylation and degradation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor IκB-α were assessed by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Latanoprost stimulated the release of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 from HTFs in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, whereas timolol maleate and pilocarpine had no such effects. Latanoprost also activated the MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase as well as induced the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α in these cells. The latanoprost-induced release of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 was attenuated by inhibitors of MAPK (PD98059, SB203580, or JNK inhibitor II) or NF-κB (IκB kinase 2 inhibitor) signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Latanoprost induced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from HTFs in a manner dependent on MAPK and NF-κB signaling. These effects of latanoprost might influence bleb scarring after filtration surgery.
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Li X, He F, Gabelt BT, Wang Y, Cai S, Cao J, Fan N, Kaufman PL, Liu X. Effects of Latanoprost and Bimatoprost on the Expression of Molecules Relevant to Ocular Inflow and Outflow Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151644. [PMID: 27011234 PMCID: PMC4807090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering and side effects in response to different prostaglandin F2α analogues can be variable, but, the underlying basis for this difference remains unknown. This study investigated the differential changes of cellular proteins relevant to IOP-lowering effects of latanoprost and bimatoprost. METHODS The human T lymphoblast (MOLT-3) cell line and immortalized human trabecular meshwork (iHTM) cells were studied by quantitative PCR and by immunofluorescence after treatment with either latanoprost or bimatoprost. New Zealand white rabbit eyes were treated topically with each agent and, following euthanasia, anterior segment tissues were studied with immunostaining. RESULTS In cultured MOLT-3 cells, mRNA expression of both c-fos and matrix metalloproteinase 9 increased significantly in response to each agent. In addition, there was little change in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 mRNA, but a significant decrease in TIMP-4. Fibronectin mRNA in MOLT-3 cells was down-regulated with bimatoprost, but was up-regulated with latanoprost. Immunofluorescence analysis of iHTM cells showed that intracellular fibronectin was significantly decreased by bimatoprost, but was increased by latanoprost. Both latanoprost and bimatoprost increased mRNA expression of NF-кB p65 and decreased that of IкBα. Aquaporin-1 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated by bimatoprost. Immunostaining also revealed a significant decrease of aquaporin-1 in the ciliary epithelium of New Zealand white rabbits after bimatoprost treatment. CONCLUSIONS Similarities in protein expression produced by latanoprost and bimatoprost in vitro may be relevant to the mechanism for their IOP-lowering effects in vivo. Differences in fibronectin expression and in aquaporin-1 expression in response to each agent may contribute to variability in the IOP-lowering efficacy in some studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - B’Ann T. Gabelt
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suping Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juanhui Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paul L. Kaufman
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
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Kozai K, Tokuyama S, Szóstek AZ, Toishi Y, Tsunoda N, Taya K, Sakatani M, Takahashi M, Nambo Y, Skarzynski DJ, Yamamoto Y, Kimura K, Okuda K. Evidence for a PGF2α auto-amplification system in the endometrium in mares. Reproduction 2016; 151:517-26. [PMID: 26908917 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In mares, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) secreted from the endometrium is a major luteolysin. Some domestic animals have an auto-amplification system in which PGF2α can stimulate its own production. Here, we investigated whether this is also the case in mares. In an in vivo study, mares at the mid-luteal phase (days 6-8 of estrous cycle) were injected i.m. with cloprostenol (250 µg) and blood samples were collected at fixed intervals until 72 h after treatment. Progesterone (P4) concentrations started decreasing 45 min after the injection and continued to decrease up to 24 h (P < 0.05). In turn, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM) metabolite started to increase 4h after an injection and continued to increase up to 72 h (P < 0.05). PGF receptor (PTGFR) mRNA expression in the endometrium was significantly higher in the late luteal phase than in the early and regressed luteal phases (P < 0.05). In vitro, PGF2α significantly stimulated (P < 0.05) PGF2α production by endometrial tissues and endometrial epithelial and stromal cells and significantly increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2), an enzyme involved in PGF2α synthesis in endometrial cell. These findings strongly suggest the existence of an endometrial PGF2α auto-amplification system in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kozai
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shota Tokuyama
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Anna Z Szóstek
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Department of Reproductive ImmunologyInstitute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Miki Sakatani
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research CenterNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research CenterNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kumamoto, Japan Department of Animal ScienceHokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Equine Science DivisionHidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido, Japan Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiro, Japan
| | - Dariusz J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive ImmunologyInstitute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Kimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Okuda
- Laboratory of Reproductive PhysiologyGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiro, Japan
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Xu C, You X, Liu W, Sun Q, Ding X, Huang Y, Ni X. Prostaglandin F2α regulates the expression of uterine activation proteins via multiple signalling pathways. Reproduction 2015; 149:139-46. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2A) has multiple roles in the birth process in addition to its vital contractile role. Our previous study has demonstrated that PGF2A can modulate uterine activation proteins (UAPs) in cultured pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells (HMSMCs). The objective of this study was to define the signalling pathways responsible for PGF2A modulation of UAPs in myometrium. It was found that PGF2A stimulated the expression of (GJA1) connexin 43 (CX43), prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) in cultured HMSMCs. The inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) blocked PGF2A-stimulated expression of CX43. The inhibitors of ERK, P38 and NFκB also blocked the effect of PGF2A on CX43 expression, whereas PI3K and calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) pathway inhibitors did not reverse the effect of PGF2A on CX43. For PTGS2 and OTR, PLC, PI3K, P38 and calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathways were involved in PGF2A action, whereas PKC and NFκB signalling were not involved. In addition, PGF2A activated NFAT, PI3K, NFκB, ERK and P38 signalling pathways. Our data suggest that PGF2A stimulates CX43, PTGS2 and OTR through divergent signalling pathways.
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Kumagai A, Yoshioka S, Sakumoto R, Okuda K. Auto-amplification system for prostaglandin F2α in bovine corpus luteum. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:646-54. [PMID: 24733743 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The bovine corpus luteum (CL) is hypothesized to utilize a local auto-amplification system for prostaglandin (PG) F2α production. The objective of the present study was to determine if such a PGF2α auto-amplification system exists in the bovine CL, and if so, which factors regulate it. PGF2α significantly stimulated intra-luteal PGF2α production in all luteal phases, but did not affect PGE2 production. The stimulatory effect of exogenous PGF2α on CL PGF2α production was lower at the early luteal phase. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), significantly suppressed the PGF2α-stimulated PGF2α production by luteal tissue, indicating that the PGF2α in the medium was of luteal origin. Consistent with these secreted-PGF2α profiles, PGF2α receptor (PTGFR) protein expression was higher during the mid and late luteal phases than at early and developing luteal phases. Treatment of cultured bovine luteal cells obtained from the mid-luteal phase with PGF2α (1 µM) significantly increased the expressions of PTGS2, PGF synthase (PGFS), and carbonyl reductase1 (CBR1) at 24 hr post-treatment. Together, these results suggest the presence of a local auto-amplification system for PGF2α mediated by PTGS2, PGFS, and CBR1 in the bovine CL, which may play an important role in luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Kumagai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Mao D, Hou X, Talbott H, Cushman R, Cupp A, Davis JS. ATF3 expression in the corpus luteum: possible role in luteal regression. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:2066-79. [PMID: 24196350 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the induction and possible role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in the corpus luteum. Postpubertal cattle were treated at midcycle with prostaglandin F2α(PGF) for 0-4 hours. Luteal tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and isolation of protein and RNA. Ovaries were also collected from midluteal phase and first-trimester pregnant cows. Luteal cells were prepared and sorted by centrifugal elutriation to obtain purified small (SLCs) and large luteal cells (LLCs). Real-time PCR and in situ hybridization showed that ATF3 mRNA increased within 1 hour of PGF treatment in vivo. Western blot and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ATF3 protein was expressed in the nuclei of LLC within 1 hour and was maintained for at least 4 hours. PGF treatment in vitro increased ATF3 expression only in LLC, whereas TNF induced ATF3 in both SLCs and LLCs. PGF stimulated concentration- and time-dependent increases in ATF3 and phosphorylation of MAPKs in LLCs. Combinations of MAPK inhibitors suppressed ATF3 expression in LLCs. Adenoviral-mediated expression of ATF3 inhibited LH-stimulated cAMP response element reporter luciferase activity and progesterone production in LLCs and SLCs but did not alter cell viability or change the expression or activity of key regulators of progesterone synthesis. In conclusion, the action of PGF in LLCs is associated with the rapid activation of stress-activated protein kinases and the induction of ATF3, which may contribute to the reduction in steroid synthesis during luteal regression. ATF3 appears to affect gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone secretion at a step or steps downstream of PKA signaling and before cholesterol conversion to progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Mao
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198.
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Satoh H, Watanabe K, Kawaminami M, Kurusu S. A comprehensive immunohistochemistry of prostaglandins F2α and E2 synthetic enzymes in rat ovary and uterus around parturition. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:23-8. [PMID: 23928061 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive immunohistochemistry with the isoform-distinguishable antibodies against prostaglandin (PG) F2α and PGE2 biosynthetic enzymes was undertaken to identify the cellular types and enzyme isoforms in rat ovary and uterus around parturition. In general ovarian and uterine cells showed positive immunoreactions for phospholipase A2 groups 4A and 6A, but not group 2A, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 rather than COX-2. Their immunoreactions for PGF2α synthase and PGE2 synthase were cell type-dependently variable. The putative PGF2α and PGE2 producing cell types included, as expected, ovarian luteal cells, uterine endometrial epithelium and myometrium, and cervical connective tissue and, unexpectedly, ovarian stromal cells and basal lamina of cervical endometrium. Obtained data indicate the generation of PGF2α and PGE2 by multiple sites, which are entirely the same as established sites of actions, in parturition processes and tissue-dependent differential usage of PG biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Satoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Silvestri C, Martella A, Poloso NJ, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, Izzo A, Woodward DF, Di Marzo V. Anandamide-derived prostamide F2α negatively regulates adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23307-21. [PMID: 23801328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators variedly affect adipocyte differentiation. Anandamide stimulates adipogenesis via CB1 receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Anandamide may be converted by PTGS2 (COX2) and prostaglandin F synthases, such as prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase, to prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (PGF2αEA), of which bimatoprost is a potent synthetic analog. PGF2αEA/bimatoprost act via prostaglandin F2αFP receptor/FP alt4 splicing variant heterodimers. We investigated whether prostamide signaling occurs in preadipocytes and controls adipogenesis. Exposure of mouse 3T3-L1 or human preadipocytes to PGF2αEA/bimatoprost during early differentiation inhibits adipogenesis. PGF2αEA is produced from anandamide in preadipocytes and much less so in differentiating adipocytes, which express much less PTGS2, FP, and its alt4 splicing variant. Selective antagonism of PGF2αEA receptors counteracts prostamide effects on adipogenesis, as does inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Selective inhibition of PGF2αEA versus prostaglandin F2α biosynthesis accelerates adipogenesis. PGF2αEA levels are reduced in the white adipose tissue of high fat diet-fed mice where there is a high requirement for new adipocytes. Prostamides also inhibit zebrafish larval adipogenesis in vivo. We propose that prostamide signaling in preadipocytes is a novel anandamide-derived antiadipogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Silvestri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Al-Gubory KH, Garrel C, Faure P, Sugino N. Roles of antioxidant enzymes in corpus luteum rescue from reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:551-60. [PMID: 23063822 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum (CL) regulates the synthesis of various endometrial proteins required for embryonic implantation and development. Compromised CL progesterone production is a potential risk factor for prenatal development. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play diverse roles in mammalian reproductive biology. ROS-induced oxidative damage and subsequent adverse developmental outcomes constitute important issues in reproductive medicine. The CL is considered to be highly exposed to locally produced ROS due to its high blood vasculature and steroidogenic activity. ROS-induced apoptotic cell death is involved in the mechanisms of CL regression that occurs at the end of the non-fertile cycle. Luteal ROS production and propagation depend upon several regulating factors, including luteal antioxidants, steroid hormones and cytokines, and their crosstalk. However, it is unknown which of these factors have the greatest contribution to the maintenance of CL integrity and function during the oestrous/menstrual cycle. There is evidence to suggest that antioxidants play important roles in CL rescue from luteolysis when pregnancy ensues. As luteal phase defect impacts fertility by preventing implantation and early conceptus development in livestock and humans, this review attempts to address the importance of ROS-scavenging antioxidant enzymes in the control of mammalian CL function and integrity. The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ that develops after ovulation from the ovulated follicle during each reproductive cycle. The main function of the CL is the production and secretion of progesterone which is necessary for embryonic implantation and development. Compromised CL progesterone production is a potential risk factor for prenatal development and pregnancy outcomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are natural by-products of cellular respiration and metabolism, play diverse roles in mammalian reproductive biology. ROS-induced oxidative damage and subsequent development of adverse pregnancy outcomes constitute important issues in reproductive medicine. Before the end of the first trimester, a high rate of human and animal conceptions end in spontaneous abortion and most of these losses occur at the time of implantation in association with ROS-induced oxidative damage. Every cell in the body is normally able to defend itself against the oxidative damage caused by the ROS. The cellular antioxidant enzymes constitute the first line of defence against the toxic effects of ROS. The CL is considered to be highly exposed to locally produced ROS due to its high blood vasculature and metabolic activity. There is now evidence to suggest that cellular antioxidants play important roles in CL rescue from regression when pregnancy ensues. As defective CL function impacts fertility by preventing implantation and early conceptus development in livestock and humans, this review attempts to address the importance of antioxidant enzymes in the control of mammalian CL function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs H Al-Gubory
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Département de Physiologie Animale et systèmes d'élevage, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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