1
|
Robles-Gómez L, Fuentes-Albero MDC, Huerta-Retamal N, Sáez-Espinosa P, García-Párraga D, Romero A, Gómez-Torres MJ. Lectin spatial immunolocalization during in vitro capacitation in Tursiops truncatus spermatozoa. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20190083. [PMID: 32405328 PMCID: PMC7216573 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa interactions with the female reproductive tract and oocyte are regulated by surface molecules such as glycocalyx. The capacitation process comprises molecular and structural modifications which increase zona pellucida binding affinity. Lectins allowed us to describe glycocalyx changes during maturation, capacitation and acrosome reaction. This study had as its aim to identify lectin binding patterns using four lectins with different carbohydrate affinity in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) spermatozoa both before and after in vitro capacitation. Two semen samples from the same dolphin obtained on consecutive days were used, with four different lectin binding patterns becoming visible in both samples before and after capacitation. A highly stained equatorial segment with prolongations at the edges appeared as the most frequent pattern with Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) in uncapacitated spermatozoa. However, it was homogeneously distributed over the acrosomal region after capacitation. Instead, the use of Peanut agglutinin (PNA) resulted in most spermatozoa showing high labelling in the acrosomal periphery region before capacitation and a homogeneous staining in the acrosomal region within the population of capacitated spermatozoa. Nevertheless, the most representative patterns with Concavalin A (ConA) and Aleuria aurantia agglutinin (AAA) lectins did not change before and after capacitation, labelling the acrosomal region periphery. These findings could contribute to the understanding of the reproductive biology of cetaceans and the improvement of sperm selection techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Robles-Gómez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - María del Carmen Fuentes-Albero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
- Departamento de Biología, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L., Valencia, España
| | | | | | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Departamento de Biología, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L., Valencia, España
- Departamento Investigación, Fundación Oceanogràfic, Valencia, España
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - María José Gómez-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
- Cátedra Human Fertility, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruiz-Díaz S, Luongo C, Fuentes-Albero MC, Abril-Sánchez S, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Barros-García C, De la Fe C, García-Galán A, Ros-Santaella JL, Pintus E, Garcia-Párraga D, García-Vázquez FA. Effect of temperature and cell concentration on dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) spermatozoa quality evaluated at different days of refrigeration. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 212:106248. [PMID: 31864493 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of cryopreserved dolphin spermatozoa facilitates the exchange of genetic material between aquatic parks and makes spermatozoa accessible to laboratories for studies to further our understanding of marine mammal reproduction. Sperm cryopreservation in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) has been developed for the exchange of gametes within the ex situ population. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for refrigeration of bottlenose dolphin spermatozoa diluted in a commercial extender (BTS). In Experiment 1, the effect of temperature (5 compared with 15 °C) on sperm quality was evaluated during 7 days of storage at 100 × 106 spermatozoa/ml. In Experiment 2, the effect of the storage concentration (100 × 106 compared with 20 × 106 spermatozoa/ml) on sperm quality was assessed during 7 days of storage at 5 °C. In Experiment 1, total motility (including % of rapid sperm) was greater at 5 than 15 °C. When the effect of storage concentration was evaluated (Experiment 2), total motility and ALH were greater at the higher storage concentration (100 × 106 spermatozoa/ml). For both experiments, values for viability, acrosome integrity, and normal morphology variables were consistent throughout the 7 days of refrigeration. In Experiment 3, a microbiological study was performed to evaluate the effect of the refrigeration temperature and days of storage on bacterial growth. The results of microbiological analysis indicated there was Staphylococcus aureus in some samples, however, there was no effect of temperature or days of refrigeration. In conclusion, bottlenose dolphin semen can be refrigerated for a short to medium period of storage and there is maintenance of functionality of sperm when stored at 100 × 106 spermatozoa/ml at 5 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ruiz-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Spain
| | - C Luongo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Spain
| | | | - S Abril-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Spain
| | - M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Barros-García
- Biology Department, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - C De la Fe
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A García-Galán
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - J L Ros-Santaella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - E Pintus
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - D Garcia-Párraga
- Biology Department, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L, 46013, Valencia, Spain; Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - F A García-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beirão J, Boulais M, Gallego V, O'Brien JK, Peixoto S, Robeck TR, Cabrita E. Sperm handling in aquatic animals for artificial reproduction. Theriogenology 2019; 133:161-178. [PMID: 31108371 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial reproduction involves collection and handling of gametes in a way that secures their quality and maximizes the fertilization outcome. In addition to initial sperm quality, numerous steps can affect the final result of fertilization, from the sperm collection process until gamete mixing (or co-incubation) when the spermatozoon enters or fuses with the oocyte. In this review, we summarize the whole process of sperm handling, from collection until fertilization for fish, penaeid shrimp, bivalve mollusks and marine mammals. To obtain sperm from captive animals, techniques vary widely across taxa, and include stripping by abdominal massage or testis surgical removal in fish, spermatophore collection in penaeid shrimps, gonadal scarification or temperature shock in bivalve mollusks, and voluntary collection via positive reinforcement in mammals. In most cases, special care is needed to avoid contamination by mucus, seawater, urine, or feces that can either activate sperm motility and/or decrease its quality. We also review techniques and extender solutions used for refrigerated storage of sperm across the aforementioned taxa. Finally, we give an overview of the different protocols for in vivo and in vitro fertilization including activation of sperm motility and methods for gamete co-incubation. The present study provides valuable information regarding breeder management either for animal production or species conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Beirão
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO - 8049, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Myrina Boulais
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, rue Dumont d'Urville, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Victor Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Justine K O'Brien
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society, Bradleys Head Rd, Mosman NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Silvio Peixoto
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Todd R Robeck
- SeaWorld Species Preservation Lab, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, 2595 Ingraham Road, San Diego, CA, 92019, USA
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Charlton SJ, Nielsen MB, Pedersen CR, Thomsen L, Kristjansen MP, Sørensen TB, Pertoldi C, Strand J. Strong Heterogeneity in Advances in Cryopreservation Techniques in the Mammalian Orders. Zoolog Sci 2019; 35:1-22. [PMID: 29417894 DOI: 10.2108/zs170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Between 1970 and 2012, vertebrate abundance has declined by 58% with an average annual decline of 2%, calling for serious action to prevent a mass extinction and an irreversible loss of biodiversity. Cryobanks and cryopreservation have the potential to assist and improve ex situ and in situ conservation strategies by storing valuable genetic material. A great deal of studies concerning cryopreservation have been performed within the class Mammalia, although no systematic overview has previously been presented. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the status, pattern and future of cryopreservation within Mammalia. A strong disproportional distribution of studies in examined orders is displayed. For the majority of examined orders less than 10% of species has been examined. However, the cryopreservation of germplasm has in several cases been successful and resulted in successful applications of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). Various obstacles are associated with the development of cryopreservation protocols, and among them the most prominent is interspecific differences in cryotolerance. Extrapolation of protocols in closely related species is considered the most applicable procedure, and a future supplement to overcome this problem is the examination and comparison of cryobiological traits. Successful protocols have been developed for the vast majority of domesticated mammals, which gives incentive for the further extrapolation of protocols in threatened species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Charlton
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Nielsen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carina R Pedersen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lisette Thomsen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads P Kristjansen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Sørensen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.,2 Aalborg Zoo, Aalborg, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julie Strand
- 3 Randers Regnskov, Randers, Tørvebryggen 11, 8900 Randers, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van der Horst G, Medger K, Steckler D, Luther I, Bartels P. Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) sperm revisited: Motility, morphology and ultrastructure of fresh sperm of consecutive ejaculates. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:309-320. [PMID: 29954651 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computer aided sperm analysis systems allow detailed examination of sperm motility and morphology variables, which are important for the understanding of the spermatology of a species and the development of assisted reproductive techniques. Cetacean biology is too complex to study in the wild and data from captive individuals provide an important alternative for the conservation of these charismatic animals. The present study evaluates ejaculate and sperm characteristics, including sperm motility, kinematic variables and quantitative sperm morphology and ultrastructure, of consecutive ejaculates from Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Sperm concentrations and total and progressive motilities were greater in the second than the first ejaculate, with all ejaculates being of very high quality (6.9-1127 × 106/ml sperm concentration, 75% to 91% total motility and 89% to 96% normal sperm). Most sperm in an ejaculate (≥84%) were highly (VCL>150 μm/s) and progressively motile with very few abnormal sperm. The sperm have small heads, a short but very bulky midpiece and a long tail. Detailed sperm morphometrics using CASA indicated there were similarities from one ejaculate to the next. The large mitochondria with extensive cristae mitochondriales are tightly packed in the midpiece resulting in a large midpiece volume. All the semen and sperm characteristics indicate high quality sperm and support the assumption that a multimale mating system is present in T. truncatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard van der Horst
- University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Katarina Medger
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield/Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Daniela Steckler
- Section of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | | | - Paul Bartels
- Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria-West 0001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, García-Vázquez FA, Laguna-Barraza R, Barros-García C, García-Parraga D, Rizos D, Gutiérrez Adan A, Pérez-Gutíerrez JF. Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Spermatozoa: Collection, Cryopreservation, and Heterologous In Vitro Fertilization. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28872129 DOI: 10.3791/55237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cryopreserved dolphin spermatozoa facilitates the exchange of genetic material between aquatic parks and makes spermatozoa accessible to laboratories for studies to further our understanding of marine mammal reproduction. Heterologous IVF, a replacement for homologous IVF, could provide a means to test the sperm fertility potential; to study gamete physiology and early embryo development; and to avoid the use of valuable dolphin oocytes, which are difficult to obtain. Here, we present protocols that have been successfully used to collect and cryopreserve dolphin spermatozoa. The collection of semen is performed by manual stimulation on trained dolphins. Cryopreservation is accomplished using a TRIS egg-yolk based extender with glycerol. In addition, we present a protocol that describes heterologous IVF using dolphin spermatozoa and bovine oocytes and that verifies the hybrid nature of the resulting embryo using PCR. Heterologous fertilization raises questions on fertilization and can be used as a tool to study gamete physiology and early embryo development. In addition, the success of heterologous IVF demonstrates the potential of this technique to test dolphin sperm fertilizing capacity, which is worth further examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | | | - Ricardo Laguna-Barraza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)
| | | | - Daniel García-Parraga
- Veterinary Services, L'Oceanográfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Junta de Murs i Vals, s/n, 46013
| | - Dimitrios Rizos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez Adan
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)
| | - José Félix Pérez-Gutíerrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, de la Fuente J, Laguna-Barraza R, Beltrán-Breña P, Martínez-Nevado E, Johnston SD, Rizos D, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Pérez-Gutiérrez JF. Heterologous murine and bovine IVF using bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2015; 84:983-94. [PMID: 26149074 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies are of great importance for increasing the genetic diversity in captive animals. The use of bovine or murine oocytes in heterologous IVF provides advantages compared to homologous IVF in nondomestic animals, such as the accessibility to oocytes and the availability of well-developed in vitro maturation systems. The aim of this study was to determine the heterologous IVF parameters using cryopreserved dolphin spermatozoa and zona-intact bovine or murine oocytes and to examine the nuclear chromatin status of the dolphin spermatozoa. All the processes involved in the fertilization including embryo cleavage were observed by confocal microscopy and hybrid embryo formation was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Heterologous bovine IVF showed no polyspermy, lower percentages of pronuclear formation, and a lower cleavage rate compared to homologous IVF group (34.8% vs. 89.3%). Heterologous murine IVF showed a lower cleavage rate than homologous IVF (9.6% vs. 77.1%). With respect to dolphin sperm chromatin, it was more stable, i.e. more resistant to EDTA-SDS decondensation than the bovine sperm chromatin. This study revealed the stability of the dolphin sperm chromatin and the ability of the dolphin spermatozoa to penetrate zona-intact bovine and murine oocytes, leading to hybrid embryo formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Laguna-Barraza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Beltrán-Breña
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - S D Johnston
- Wildlife Science Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - D Rizos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gutiérrez-Adán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Cooper J, Harrison K, de la Fuente J, Gosálvez J. Effect of cryopreservation on the sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:227-235. [PMID: 25604784 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sperm DNA fragmentation is one of the major causes of infertility; the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) evaluates this parameter and offers the advantage of species-specific validated protocol and ease of use under field conditions. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics in both fresh and post-thaw bottlenose dolphin sperm using the SCDt following different cryopreservation protocols to gain new information about the post-thaw differential sperm DNA longevity in this species. Fresh and cryopreserved semen samples from five bottlenose dolphins were examined for sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics using the SCDt (Halomax(®)). Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed immediately at collection and following cryopreservation (T0) and then after 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation at 37°C. Serially collected ejaculates from four dolphins were frozen using different cryopreservation protocols in a TES-TRIS-fructose buffer (TTF), an egg-yolk-free vegetable lipid LP1 buffer (LP1) and human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). Fresh ejaculated spermatozoa initially showed low levels of DNA fragmentation for up to 48 h. Lower Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was found in the second fresh ejaculate compared to the first when more than one sample was collected on the same day (p < 0.05); this difference was not apparent in any other seminal characteristic. While there was no difference observed in SDF between fresh and frozen-thawed sperm using the different cryopreservation protocols immediately after thawing (T0), frozen-thawed spermatozoa incubated at 37°C showed an increase in the rate of SDF after 24 h. Sperm frozen in the LP1(℗) buffer had higher levels (p < 0.05) of DNA fragmentation after 24- and 48-h incubation than those frozen in TTF or HSPM. No correlation was found between any seminal characteristic and DNA fragmentation in either fresh and/or frozen-thawed samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - S D Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia.,Sea World, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - J Cooper
- Just Genes Artificial Breeding Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Martínez-Nevado E, Pérez-Gutiérrez JF, de la Fuente J, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Harrison K, Gosálvez J. Validation of a Field Based Chromatin Dispersion Assay to Assess Sperm DNA Fragmentation in the Bottlenose Dolphin(Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:761-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
| | | | - JF Pérez-Gutiérrez
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - SD Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
- Seaworld; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arav A, Saragusty J. Directional freezing of spermatozoa and embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:83-90. [PMID: 24305180 DOI: 10.1071/rd13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional freezing is based on a simple thermodynamic principle whereby the sample is moved through a predetermined temperature gradient at a velocity that determines the cooling rate. Directional freezing permits a precise and uniform cooling rate in small- and large-volume samples. It avoids supercooling and reduces mechanical damage caused by crystallisation. Directional solidification was used to date for slow and rapid freezing, as well as for vitrification of oocytes and embryos by means of the minimum drop size technique: small drops are placed on a microscope slide that is moved at high velocity from the hot base to the cold base. Sperm samples from a wide range of domestic and wild animals were successfully cryopreserved using the directional freezing method. The bovine sexed semen industry may benefit from the increased survival of spermatozoa after directional freezing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arav
- Shlomzion Hamalca 59, Tel Aviv 62266, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
O'Brien JK, Robeck TR. Semen characterization, seasonality of production, and in vitro sperm quality after chilled storage and cryopreservation in the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Zoo Biol 2014; 33:99-109. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine K. O'Brien
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center; SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment; San Diego California
| | - Todd R. Robeck
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center; SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment; San Diego California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lanyon JM, Burgess EA. Methods to examine reproductive biology in free-ranging, fully-marine mammals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 753:241-74. [PMID: 25091913 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Historical overexploitation of marine mammals, combined with present-day pressures, has resulted in severely depleted populations, with many species listed as threatened or endangered. Understanding breeding patterns of threatened marine mammals is crucial to assessing population viability, potential recovery and conservation actions. However, determining reproductive parameters of wild fully-marine mammals (cetaceans and sirenians) is challenging due to their wide distributions, high mobility, inaccessible habitats, cryptic lifestyles and in many cases, large body size and intractability. Consequently, reproductive biologists employ an innovative suite of methods to collect useful information from these species. This chapter reviews historic, recent and state-of-the-art methods to examine diverse aspects of reproduction in fully-aquatic mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Lanyon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Robeck TR, Montano GA, Steinman KJ, Smolensky P, Sweeney J, Osborn S, O'Brien JK. Development and evaluation of deep intra-uterine artificial insemination using cryopreserved sexed spermatozoa in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 139:168-81. [PMID: 23660366 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since its development in bottlenose dolphins, widespread application of AI with sex-selected, frozen-thawed (FT) spermatozoa has been limited by the significant expense of the sorting process. Reducing the total number of progressively motile sperm (PMS) required for an AI would reduce the sorting cost. As such, this research compared the efficacy of small-dose deep uterine AI with sexed FT spermatozoa (SEXED-SMALL; ~50×10(6)PMS, n=20), to a moderate dose deposited mid-horn (SEXED-STD, ~200×10(6)PMS; n=20), and a large dose of FT non-sexed spermatozoa deposited in the uterine body (NONSEXED-LARGE, 660×10(6)PMS, n=9). Ten of the 11 calves resulting from use of sexed spermatozoa were of the predetermined sex. Similar rates of conception (NONSEXED-LARGE: 78%, SEXED-STD: 60%, SEXED-SMALL: 57%) and total pregnancy loss (TPL: NONSEXED-LARGE: 28.6%; SEXED-STD: 41.0%; SEXED-SMALL: 63.6%) were observed across groups, but early pregnancy loss (EPL, <day 120 post-conception) was greater (P=0.04) for SEXED-SMALL (54.5%) compared to NONSEXED-LARGE (0%). Animals experiencing EPL were older (31.3 y, P=0.007) than those that calved (21.4y) or did not conceive (19.4y). After excluding females ≥25y, SEXED-SMALL (15.4%) had a tendency for having reduced calving rates compared to NONSEXED-LARGE (50.0%; P=0.08), while SEXED-STD did not differ (40.0%, 4/10; P=0.341). Current findings indicate that acceptable conception and calving rates using sexed FT spermatozoa are achieved after mid-horn deposition of 200×10(6) PMS, when used with females aged less than 25 y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Robeck
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
O'Brien JK, Steinman KJ, Montano GA, Love CC, Saiers RL, Robeck TR. Characteristics of high-quality Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) ejaculates and in vitro sperm quality after prolonged chilled storage and directional freezing. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:790-7. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro quality of spermatozoa from one elephant (Elephas maximus) was examined after chilled storage and directional freezing (DF). High-quality, non-contaminated ejaculates (77.6 ± 6.0% progressive motility, 3.9 ± 1.5 µg creatinine mL–1 raw semen, 2.7 ± 0.6% detached heads) were cryopreserved after 0 (0hStor), 12 (12hStor) and 24 h (24hStor) of chilled storage. At 0 h and 6 h post-thawing, total motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity and normal morphology were similar (P > 0.05) across treatments. In contrast, progressive motility, rapid velocity and several kinematic parameters were lower (P < 0.05) for 24Stor compared with 0hStor at 0 h post-thaw. By 6 h post-thaw, amplitude of lateral head displacement and velocity parameters (average pathway, straight-line and curvilinear velocity) were lower (P < 0.05) for 24hStor compared with 0hStor and 12hStor. DNA integrity was high and remained unchanged (P > 0.05) across all groups and processing stages (1.6 ± 0.6% of cells contained fragmented DNA). Results indicate that DF after up to 12 h of chilled storage results in a post-thaw sperm population of acceptable quality for artificial insemination. These findings have implications for the cryopreservation of sex-sorted spermatozoa, which typically undergo more than 12 h of chilled storage prior to sorting and preservation.
Collapse
|