1
|
Abdelhady AWA, Aguiar LH, Lee YL, Guo Z, Bovell RT, Crane PL, Diel de Amorim M, Cheong SH. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase inhibitor improves outcomes of direct-transfer slow-cooled bovine blastocysts. Theriogenology 2023; 211:19-27. [PMID: 37556931 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct-transfer slow-cooling cryopreservation is a widely used method for bovine embryo cryopreservation. However, the transfer of cryopreserved embryos is associated with reduced pregnancy rates. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase inhibitor (ROCKi) has shown promise in improving the viability of post-warmed vitrified bovine embryos. Our objective was to investigate the effects of ROCKi treatment prior to slow-cooling or after cryopreservation on embryo viability. In vitro produced bovine embryos (n = 571) were randomly assigned to one of five groups: No-cryopreservation control group (NC-C), C-C group were cryopreserved by slow-rate cooling without ROCKi at any point, R-C group were incubated with ROCKi for 2 h before cryopreservation, C-R group were not exposed to ROCKi prior to cryopreservation but were cultured with ROCKi after cryopreservation, and R-R group were exposed to ROCKi before and after cryopreservation. Treatment group was significantly associated with blastocoel re-expansion, hatching, and degeneration (P < 0.0001). Blastocoel re-expansion rates were lower (P < 0.05) in the C-C (75.2 ± 4.2%) and R-C (85.2 ± 4.7%) groups compared with the NC-C (99.0 ± 0.7%), C-R (94.7 ± 2.6%) and the R-R (94.5 ± 2.9%) groups. The median time to re-expansion was significantly slowest in the C-C group (650, 560-915 min), followed by the R-C group (538, 421-611 min), then the C-R and R-R groups were similar (291, 261-361 and 321, 271-371 min) and the NC-C group was the fastest (196, 161-230 min) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the post-thaw hatching rate was lower, and the median time to hatching slower in the C-C (58.1 ± 7.0%, 2,033, 1634-2820 min) and R-C (65.7 ± 6.9%, 1,853, 1494-2356 min) groups compared with the NC-C (81.7 ± 6.0%, 1,309, 1084-1514 min), C-R (77.2 ± 6.5%, 1,384, 1013-1754 min) and R-R (82.0 ± 5.3%, 1,209, 943-1424 min) groups. ROCKi supplementation after cryopreservation resulted in fewer degenerated embryos (C-R = 8.9 ± 2.8%, and R-R 7.1 ± 2.8%) compared to the C-C (26.8 ± 4.3%) and R-C (17.9 ± 5.7%) groups. Exposure to ROCKi both before cryopreservation and after-cryopreservation yielded the best outcomes, similar to NC-C control group without cryopreservation, and significantly better than the C-C control group without supplements. Exposure to ROCKi after cryopreservation demonstrated greater benefits compared to exposure before cryopreservation alone. These findings suggest that ROCKi can potentially enhance cryosurvival of bovine embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Henrique Aguiar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yoke Lee Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ziqi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rhasaan T Bovell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patrick L Crane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mariana Diel de Amorim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Canse C, Yildirim E, Yaba A. Overview of junctional complexes during mammalian early embryonic development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150017. [PMID: 37152932 PMCID: PMC10158982 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions form strong intercellular connections and mediate communication between blastomeres during preimplantation embryonic development and thus are crucial for cell integrity, polarity, cell fate specification and morphogenesis. Together with cell adhesion molecules and cytoskeletal elements, intercellular junctions orchestrate mechanotransduction, morphokinetics and signaling networks during the development of early embryos. This review focuses on the structure, organization, function and expressional pattern of the cell-cell junction complexes during early embryonic development. Understanding the importance of dynamic junction formation and maturation processes will shed light on the molecular mechanism behind developmental abnormalities of early embryos during the preimplantation period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Canse
- Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ecem Yildirim
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aylin Yaba
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- *Correspondence: Aylin Yaba,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alarcon VB, Marikawa Y. Trophectoderm formation: regulation of morphogenesis and gene expressions by RHO, ROCK, cell polarity, and HIPPO signaling. Reproduction 2022; 164:R75-R86. [PMID: 35900353 PMCID: PMC9398960 DOI: 10.1530/rep-21-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Trophectoderm is the first tissue to differentiate in the early mammalian embryo and is essential for hatching, implantation, and placentation. This review article discusses the roles of Ras homolog family members (RHO) and RHO-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases (ROCK) in the molecular and cellular regulation of trophectoderm formation. Abstract The trophectoderm (TE) is the first tissue to differentiate during the preimplantation development of placental mammals. It constitutes the outer epithelial layer of the blastocyst and is responsible for hatching, uterine attachment, and placentation. Thus, its formation is the key initial step that enables the viviparity of mammals. Here, we first describe the general features of TE formation at the morphological and molecular levels. Prospective TE cells form an epithelial layer enclosing an expanding fluid-filled cavity by establishing the apical-basal cell polarity, intercellular junctions, microlumen, and osmotic gradient. A unique set of genes is expressed in TE that encode the transcription factors essential for the development of trophoblasts of the placenta upon implantation. TE-specific gene expressions are driven by the inhibition of HIPPO signaling, which is dependent on the prior establishment of the apical-basal polarity. We then discuss the specific roles of RHO and ROCK as essential regulators of TE formation. RHO and ROCK modulate the actomyosin cytoskeleton, apical-basal polarity, intercellular junctions, and HIPPO signaling, thereby orchestrating the epithelialization and gene expressions in TE. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying TE formation is crucial for assisted reproductive technologies in human and farm animals, as it provides foundation to help improve procedures for embryo handling and selection to achieve better reproductive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vernadeth B. Alarcon
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Yusuke Marikawa
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Investigation of Sperm and Seminal Plasma Candidate MicroRNAs of Bulls with Differing Fertility and In Silico Prediction of miRNA-mRNA Interaction Network of Reproductive Function. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182360. [PMID: 36139221 PMCID: PMC9495167 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed (DE) sperm and seminal plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) in high- and low-fertile Holstein bulls (four bulls per group), integrate miRNAs to their target genes, and categorize target genes based on predicted biological processes. Out of 84 bovine-specific, prioritized miRNAs analyzed by RT-PCR, 30 were differentially expressed in high-fertile sperm and seminal plasma compared to low-fertile sperm and seminal plasma, respectively (p ≤ 0.05, fold regulation ≥5 magnitudes). Interestingly, expression levels of DE-miRNAs in sperm and seminal plasma followed a similar pattern. Highly scored integrated genes of DE-miRNAs predicted various biological and molecular functions, cellular process, and pathways. Further in silico analysis revealed categorized genes may have a plausible association with pathways regulating sperm structure and function, fertilization, and embryo and placental development. In conclusion, highly DE-miRNAs in bovine sperm and seminal plasma could be used as a tool for predicting reproductive functions. Since the identified miRNA-mRNA interactions were mostly based on predictions from public databases, the causal regulations of miRNA-mRNA and the underlying mechanisms require further functional characterization in future studies. Abstract Recent advances in high-throughput in silico techniques portray experimental data as exemplified biological networks and help us understand the role of individual proteins, interactions, and their biological functions. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed (DE) sperm and seminal plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) in high- and low-fertile Holstein bulls (four bulls per group), integrate miRNAs to their target genes, and categorize the target genes based on biological process predictions. Out of 84 bovine-specific, prioritized miRNAs analyzed by RT-PCR, 30 were differentially expressed in high-fertile sperm and seminal plasma compared to low-fertile sperm and seminal plasma, respectively (p ≤ 0.05, fold regulation ≥ 5 magnitudes). The expression levels of DE-miRNAs in sperm and seminal plasma followed a similar pattern. Highly scored integrated genes of DE-miRNAs predicted various biological and molecular functions, cellular process, and pathways. Further, analysis of the categorized genes showed association with pathways regulating sperm structure and function, fertilization, and embryo and placental development. In conclusion, highly DE-miRNAs in bovine sperm and seminal plasma could be used as a tool for predicting reproductive functions. Since the identified miRNA-mRNA interactions were mostly based on predictions from public databases, the causal regulations of miRNA-mRNA and the underlying mechanisms require further functional characterization in future studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cambra JM, Martinez EA, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Gil MA, Cuello C. Transcriptional Profiling of Porcine Blastocysts Produced In Vitro in a Chemically Defined Culture Medium. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051414. [PMID: 34069238 PMCID: PMC8156047 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chemically defined media is a growing trend in in vitro embryo production (IVP). Recently, traditional undefined culture medium with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been successfully replaced by a chemically defined medium using substances with embryotrophic properties such as platelet factor 4 (PF4). Although the use of this medium sustains IVP, the impact of defined media on the embryonic transcriptome has not been fully elucidated. This study analyzed the transcriptome of porcine IVP blastocysts, cultured in defined (PF4 group) and undefined media (BSA group) by microarrays. In vivo-derived blastocysts (IVV group) were used as a standard of maximum embryo quality. The results showed no differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the PF4 and BSA groups. However, a total of 2780 and 2577 DEGs were detected when comparing the PF4 or the BSA group with the IVV group, respectively. Most of these genes were common in both in vitro groups (2132) and present in some enriched pathways, such as cell cycle, lysosome and/or metabolic pathways. These results show that IVP conditions strongly affect embryo transcriptome and that the defined culture medium with PF4 is a guaranteed replacement for traditional culture with BSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep M. Cambra
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.C.); (E.A.M.); (C.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A. Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.C.); (E.A.M.); (C.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Maria A. Gil
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.C.); (E.A.M.); (C.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Cuello
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.C.); (E.A.M.); (C.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teplitz GM, Shi M, Sirard MA, Lombardo DM. Coculture of porcine luteal cells during in vitro porcine oocyte maturation affects blastocyst gene expression and developmental potential. Theriogenology 2021; 166:124-134. [PMID: 33735666 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation in culture is still the weakest part of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and coculture with somatic cells may be an alternative to improve suboptimal culture conditions, especially in the pig in which maturation takes more than 44 h. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a coculture system of porcine luteal cells (PLC) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on embryo development and gene expression. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in vitro in TCM-199 with human menopausal gonadotrophin (control) and in coculture with PLC. IVF was performed with frozen-thawed boar semen in Tris-buffered medium. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in PZM for 7 days. The coculture with PLC significantly increased blastocysts rates. Gene expression changes were measured with a porcine embryo-specific microarray and confirmed by RT-qPCR. The global transcription pattern of embryos developing after PLC coculture exhibited overall downregulation of gene expression. Following global gene expression pattern analysis, genes associated with lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis were found downregulated, and genes associated with cell cycle and proliferation were found upregulated in the PLC coculture. Canonical pathway analysis by Ingenuity Pathway revealed that differential expression transcripts were associated with the sirtuin signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation pathway, cytokines and ephrin receptor signaling. To conclude, the coculture system of PLC during IVM has a lasting effect on the embryo until the blastocyst stage, modifying gene expression, with a positive effect on embryo development. Our model could be an alternative to replace the conventional maturation medium with gonadotrophins with higher rates of embryo development, a key issue in porcine in vitro embryo production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Teplitz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425TQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Chorroarín 280 C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Shi
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Inter-générationnelle (CRDSI), Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Pavillon Des Services, Local 2732, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M A Sirard
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Inter-générationnelle (CRDSI), Université Laval, Quebec, Canada. Pavillon Des Services, Local 2732, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - D M Lombardo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425TQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Chorroarín 280 C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saadeldin IM, Tukur HA, Aljumaah RS, Sindi RA. Rocking the Boat: The Decisive Roles of Rho Kinases During Oocyte, Blastocyst, and Stem Cell Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:616762. [PMID: 33505968 PMCID: PMC7829335 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.616762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rho-associated coiled-coil-containing proteins (ROCKs or rho kinase) are effectors of the small rho-GTPase rhoA, which acts as a signaling molecule to regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, polarity, cytokinesis, and survival. Owing to the multifunctionality of these kinases, an increasing number of studies focus on understanding the pleiotropic effects of the ROCK signaling pathway in the coordination and control of growth (proliferation, initiation, and progression), development (morphology and differentiation), and survival in many cell types. There is growing evidence that ROCKs actively phosphorylate several actin-binding proteins and intermediate filament proteins during oocyte cytokinesis, the preimplantation embryos as well as the stem cell development and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the participation of ROCK proteins in oocyte maturation, blastocyst formation, and stem cell development with a special focus on the selective targeting of ROCK isoforms, ROCK1, and ROCK2. The selective switching of cell fate through ROCK inhibition would provide a novel paradigm for in vitro oocyte maturation, experimental embryology, and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammed A Tukur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh S Aljumaah
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramya A Sindi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Araujo Neto FR, Takada L, Dos Santos DJA, Aspilcueta-Borquis RR, Cardoso DF, do Nascimento AV, Leão KM, de Oliveira HN, Tonhati H. Identification of genomic regions related to age at first calving and first calving interval in water buffalo using single-step GBLUP. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1565-1572. [PMID: 32853485 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, water buffaloes have been used to produce milk for mozzarella cheese production. Consequently, the main selection criterion applied for the buffalo genetic improvement is the estimated mozzarella yield as a function of milk, fat and protein production. However, given the importance of reproductive traits in production systems, this study aimed to use techniques for identifying genomic regions that affect the age at first calving (AFC) and first calving interval (FCI) in buffalo cows and to select candidate genes for the identification of QTL and gene expression studies. The single-step GBLUP method was used for the identification of genomic regions. Windows of 1 Mb containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms were constructed and the 10 windows that explained the greatest proportion of genetic variance were considered candidate regions for each trait. Genes present into the selected windows were identified using the UOA_WB_1 assembly as the reference, and their ontology was defined with the Panther tool. Candidate regions for both traits were identified on BBU 3, 12, 21 and 22; for AFC, candidates were detected on BBU 6, 7, 8, 9 and 15 and for first calving interval on BBU 4, 14 and 19. This study identified regions with great contribution to the additive genetic variance of age at first calving and first calving interval in the population of buffalo cows studied. The ROCK2, PMVK, ADCY2, MAP2K6, BMP10 and GFPT1 genes are main candidates for reproductive traits in water dairy buffaloes, and these results may have future applications in animal breeding programs or in gene expression studies of the species.
Collapse
|
9
|
Schall PZ, Ruebel ML, Midic U, VandeVoort CA, Latham KE. Temporal patterns of gene regulation and upstream regulators contributing to major developmental transitions during Rhesus macaque preimplantation development. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:111-123. [PMID: 30698740 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The preimplantation period of life in mammals encompasses a tremendous amount of restructuring and remodeling of the embryonic genome and reprogramming of gene expression. These vast changes support metabolic activation and cellular processes that drive early cleavage divisions and enable the creation of the earliest primitive cell lineages. A major question in mammalian embryology is how such vast, sweeping changes in gene expression are orchestrated, so that changes in gene expression are exactly appropriate to meet the developmental needs of the embryo over time. Using the rhesus macaque as an experimentally tractable model species closely related to the human, we combined high quality RNA-seq libraries, in-depth sequencing and advanced systems analysis to discover the underlying mechanisms that drive major changes in gene regulation during preimplantation development. We identified the major changes in mRNA population and the biological pathways and processes impacted by those changes. Most importantly, we identified 24 key upstream regulators that are themselves modulated during development and that are associated with the regulation of over 1000 downstream genes. Through their roles in extensive gene networks, these 24 upstream regulators are situated to either drive major changes in target gene expression or modify the cellular environment in which other genes function, thereby directing major developmental transitions in the preimplantation embryo. The data presented here highlight some of the specific molecular features that likely drive preimplantation development in a nonhuman primate species and provides an extensive database for novel hypothesis-driven studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Z Schall
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Uros Midic
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwon J, Seong MJ, Piao X, Jo YJ, Kim NH. LIMK1/2 are required for actin filament and cell junction assembly in porcine embryos developing in vitro. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1579-1589. [PMID: 32054159 PMCID: PMC7463081 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the roles of LIM kinases (LIMK1 and LIMK2) during porcine early embryo development. We checked the mRNA expression patterns and localization of LIMK1/2 to evaluate their characterization. We further explored the function of LIMK1/2 in developmental competence and their relationship between actin assembly and cell junction integrity, specifically during the first cleavage and compaction. Methods Pig ovaries were transferred from a local slaughterhouse within 1 h and cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected. COCs were matured in in vitro maturation medium in a CO2 incubator. Metaphase II oocytes were activated using an Electro Cell Manipulator 2001 and microinjected to insert LIMK1/2 dsRNA into the cytoplasm. To confirm the roles of LIMK1/2 during compaction and subsequent blastocyst formation, we employed a LIMK inhibitor (LIMKi3). Results LIMK1/2 was localized in cytoplasm in embryos and co-localized with actin in cell-to-cell boundaries after the morula stage. LIMK1/2 knockdown using LIMK1/2 dsRNA significantly decreased the cleavage rate, compared to the control group. Protein levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin, present in adherens junctions, were reduced at the cell-to-cell boundaries in the LIMK1/2 knockdown embryos. Embryos treated with LIMKi3 at the morula stage failed to undergo compaction and could not develop into blastocysts. Actin intensity at the cortical region was considerably reduced in LIMKi3-treated embryos. LIMKi3-induced decrease in cortical actin levels was attributed to the disruption of adherens junction and tight junction assembly. Phosphorylation of cofilin was also reduced in LIMKi3-treated embryos. Conclusion The above results suggest that LIMK1/2 is crucial for cleavage and compaction through regulation of actin organization and cell junction assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Kwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Seong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Xuanjing Piao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jo
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56216, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea.,School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo S, Liu S, Bou G, Guo J, Jiang L, Chai Z, Cai M, Mu Y, Liu Z. Fetal bovine serum promotes the development of in vitro porcine blastocysts by activating the Rho-associated kinase signalling pathway. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:366-376. [PMID: 30253120 DOI: 10.1071/rd18070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation has beneficial effects on invitro porcine embryonic development, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study we found that the addition of FBS to PZM-3 increased the number of cells in porcine blastocysts and hatching rate invitro primarily by promoting proliferation of the inner cell mass and further differentiation. Moreover, based on the following results, we surmise that FBS benefits blastocyst development by activating Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signalling: (1) the ROCK signalling inhibitor Y-27632 decreased the blastocyst rate and the number of cells in blastocysts, whereas FBS rescued the developmental failure induced by Y-27632; (2) the mRNA levels of two ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, were significantly increased in blastocysts derived from medium containing FBS; and (3) FBS increased RhoA/Rho-kinase expression in the nucleus of embryonic cells. These results indicate that FBS promotes the invitro development of porcine embryos by activating ROCK signalling in a chemically defined medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shichao Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhuang Chai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingming Cai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanshuang Mu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Discovery of (S)-6-methoxy-chroman-3-carboxylic acid (4-pyridin-4-yl-phenyl)-amide as potent and isoform selective ROCK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1382-1390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
13
|
Zhang JG, Zhang DD, Liu Y, Hu JN, Zhang X, Li L, Mu W, Zhu GH, Li Q, Liu GL. RhoC/ROCK2 promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation primarily through ERK/MMPs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1113-1125. [PMID: 30779947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) results in the formation of an alternative circulatory system that can improve the blood supply to multiple malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the potential mechanisms of RhoC/ROCK in VM have not yet been investigated in HCC. Here, RhoC expression was upregulated in HCC tissues, especially the VM-positive (VM+) group, compared to noncancerous tissues (P < 0.01), and patients with high expression of RhoC had shorter survival times (P < 0.001). The knockdown of RhoC via short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in SK-Hep-1 cells significantly decreased VM formation and cell motility. In contrast, cell motility and VM formation were remarkably enhanced when RhoC was overexpressed in HepG2 cells. To further assess the potential role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 on VM, we stably knocked down ROCK1 or ROCK2 in MHCC97H cells. Compared to ROCK1 shRNA, ROCK2 shRNA could largely affect VM formation, cell motility and the key VM factors, as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, p-ERK, p-MEK, p-FAK, p-paxillin, MT1-MMP and MMP2 levels were clearly altered following the overexpression of RhoC, but ROCK2 shRNA had little effect on the expression of p-FAK, which indicated that RhoC regulates FAK/paxillin signaling, but not through ROCK2. In conclusion, our results show that RhoC/ROCK2 may have a major effect on VM in HCC via ERK/MMPs signaling and might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Gang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Juan-Ni Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 3025, Nanhai Road, 518033 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wan Mu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Guan-Hua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
| | - Gao-Lin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen W, Nyuydzefe MS, Weiss JM, Zhang J, Waksal SD, Zanin-Zhorov A. ROCK2, but not ROCK1 interacts with phosphorylated STAT3 and co-occupies TH17/TFH gene promoters in TH17-activated human T cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16636. [PMID: 30413785 PMCID: PMC6226480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK)2 targeting down-regulates autoimmune responses in animal models and patients, however the underlying molecular mechanism is still an enigma. We report that ROCK2 binds phosphorylated-STAT3 and its kinase activity controls the formation of ROCK2/STAT3/JAK2 complex and optimal STAT3 phosphorylation in human CD4+ T cells during T helper 17 (TH17)-skewing. Moreover, chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis revealed that, genome-wide, about 70% of ROCK2 and STAT3 peaks overlapped and co-localized to several key genes controlling TH17 and T follicular helper (TFH) cell functions. Specifically, the co-occupancy of ROCK2 and STAT3 on the Irf4 and Bcl6 genes was validated by ChIP-qPCR analysis. Furthermore, the binding of ROCK2 to both the Irf4 and Bcl6 promoters was attenuated by STAT3 silencing as well as by selective ROCK2 inhibitor. Thus, the present study demonstrated previously unidentified evidence that ROCK2-mediated signaling in the cytosol provides a positive feed-forward signal for nuclear ROCK2 to be recruited to the chromatin by STAT3 and potentially regulates TH17/TFH gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | | | - Jingya Zhang
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Samuel D Waksal
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Current Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
An L, Liu J, Du Y, Liu Z, Zhang F, Liu Y, Zhu X, Ling P, Chang S, Hu Y, Li Y, Xu B, Yang L, Xue F, Presicce GA, Du F. Synergistic effect of cysteamine, leukemia inhibitory factor, and Y27632 on goat oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro. Theriogenology 2018; 108:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
16
|
Wang J, Zarbin M, Sugino I, Whitehead I, Townes-Anderson E. RhoA Signaling and Synaptic Damage Occur Within Hours in a Live Pig Model of CNS Injury, Retinal Detachment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:3892-906. [PMID: 27472075 PMCID: PMC4974026 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The RhoA pathway is activated after retinal injury. However, the time of onset and consequences of activation are unknown in vivo. Based on in vitro studies we focused on a period 2 hours after retinal detachment, in pig, an animal whose retina is holangiotic and contains cones. METHODS Under anesthesia, retinal detachments were created by subretinal injection of a balanced salt solution. Two hours later, animals were sacrificed and enucleated for GTPase activity assays and quantitative Western blot and confocal microscopy analyses. RESULTS RhoA activity with detachment was increased 1.5-fold compared to that in normal eyes or in eyes that had undergone vitrectomy only. Increased phosphorylation of myosin light chain, a RhoA effector, also occurred. By 2 hours, rod cells had retracted their terminals toward their cell bodies, disrupting the photoreceptor-to-bipolar synapse and producing significant numbers of spherules with SV2 immunolabel in the outer nuclear layer of the retina. In eyes with detachment, distant retina that remained attached also showed significant increases in RhoA activity and synaptic disjunction. Increases in RAC1 activity and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were not specific for detachment, and sprouting of bipolar dendrites, reported for longer detachments, was not seen. The RhoA kinase inhibitor Y27632 significantly reduced axonal retraction by rod cells. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the RhoA pathway occurs quickly after injury and promotes synaptic damage that can be controlled by RhoA kinase inhibition. We suggest that retinal detachment joins the list of central nervous system injuries, such as stroke and spinal cord injury, that should be considered for rapid therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Marco Zarbin
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Ilene Sugino
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Ian Whitehead
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Medical Genetics, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Ellen Townes-Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Martin JH, Bromfield EG, Aitken RJ, Nixon B. Biochemical alterations in the oocyte in support of early embryonic development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:469-485. [PMID: 27604868 PMCID: PMC11107538 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the enormous reproductive potential encapsulated within a mature mammalian oocyte, these cells present only a limited window for fertilization before defaulting to an apoptotic cascade known as post-ovulatory oocyte aging. The only cell with the capacity to rescue this potential is the fertilizing spermatozoon. Indeed, the union of these cells sets in train a remarkable series of events that endows the oocyte with the capacity to divide and differentiate into the trillions of cells that comprise a new individual. Traditional paradigms hold that, beyond the initial stimulation of fluctuating calcium (Ca2+) required for oocyte activation, the fertilizing spermatozoon plays limited additional roles in the early embryo. While this model has now been drawn into question in view of the recent discovery that spermatozoa deliver developmentally important classes of small noncoding RNAs and other epigenetic modulators to oocytes during fertilization, it is nevertheless apparent that the primary responsibility for oocyte activation rests with a modest store of maternally derived proteins and mRNA accumulated during oogenesis. It is, therefore, not surprising that widespread post-translational modifications, in particular phosphorylation, hold a central role in endowing these proteins with sufficient functional diversity to initiate embryonic development. Indeed, proteins targeted for such modifications have been linked to oocyte activation, recruitment of maternal mRNAs, DNA repair and resumption of the cell cycle. This review, therefore, seeks to explore the intimate relationship between Ca2+ release and the suite of molecular modifications that sweep through the oocyte to ensure the successful union of the parental germlines and ensure embryogenic fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta H Martin
- Discipline of Biological Sciences and Priority Research Center for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Discipline of Biological Sciences and Priority Research Center for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Discipline of Biological Sciences and Priority Research Center for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Discipline of Biological Sciences and Priority Research Center for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kwon J, Kim NH, Choi I. ROCK activity regulates functional tight junction assembly during blastocyst formation in porcine parthenogenetic embryos. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1914. [PMID: 27077008 PMCID: PMC4830244 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein serine/threonine kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) are Rho subfamily GTPase downstream effectors that regulate cell migration, intercellular adhesion, cell polarity, and cell proliferation by stimulating actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Inhibition of ROCK proteins affects specification of the trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) lineages, compaction, and blastocyst cavitation. However, the molecules involved in blastocyst formation are not known. Here, we examined developmental competence and levels of adherens/tight junction (AJ/TJ) constituent proteins, such as CXADR, OCLN, TJP1, and CDH1, as well as expression of their respective mRNAs, after treating porcine parthenogenetic four-cell embryos with Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 100 µM for 24 h. Following this treatment, the blastocyst development rates were 39.1, 20.7, 10.0, and 0% respectively. In embryos treated with 20 µM treatment, expression levels of CXADR, OCLN, TJP1, and CDH1 mRNA and protein molecules were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). FITC-dextran uptake assay revealed that the treatment caused an increase in TE TJ permeability. Interestingly, the majority of the four-cell and morula embryos treated with 20 µM Y-27643 for 24 h showed defective compaction and cavitation. Taken together, our results indicate that ROCK activity may differentially affect assembly of AJ/TJs as well as regulate expression of genes encoding junctional proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Kwon
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju Chungbuk , South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju Chungbuk , South Korea
| | - Inchul Choi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University , Daejeon Chungnam , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang R, Feng X, Zhan M, Huang C, Chen K, Tang X, Kang T, Xiong Y, Lei M. Transcription Factor Sp1 Promotes the Expression of Porcine ROCK1 Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010112. [PMID: 26784181 PMCID: PMC4730353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) gene plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability, tumorigenesis and myogenesis. However, little is known about the regulatory elements governing the transcription of porcine ROCK1 gene. In the current study, the transcription start site (TSS) was identified by 5'-RACE, and was found to differ from the predicted one. The region in ROCK1 promoter which is critical for promoter activity was investigated via progressive deletions. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the region from -604 to -554 bp contains responsive elements for Sp1. Subsequent experiments showed that ROCK1 promoter activity is enhanced by Sp1 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas treatment with specific siRNA repressed ROCK1 promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), DNA pull down and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed Sp1 can bind to this region. qRT-PCR and Western blotting research followed by overexpression or inhibition of Sp1 indicate that Sp1 can affect endogenous ROCK1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of Sp1 can promote the expression of myogenic differentiation 1(MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Taken together, we conclude that Sp1 positively regulates ROCK1 transcription by directly binding to the ROCK1 promoter region (from -604 to -532 bp) and may affect the process of myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Bioengineering Institute, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mengsi Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Cong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tingting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuanzhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Minggang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang JY, Jiang Y, Lin T, Kang JW, Lee JE, Jin DI. Lysophosphatidic acid improves porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:66-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu Zhang
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Jung Won Kang
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Dong Il Jin
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology; Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bond LM, Sellers JR, McKerracher L. Rho kinase as a target for cerebral vascular disorders. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1039-53. [PMID: 26062400 PMCID: PMC4656981 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel pharmaceutical treatments for disorders of the cerebral vasculature is a serious unmet medical need. These vascular disorders are typified by a disruption in the delicate Rho signaling equilibrium within the blood vessel wall. In particular, Rho kinase overactivation in the smooth muscle and endothelial layers of the vessel wall results in cytoskeletal modifications that lead to reduced vascular integrity and abnormal vascular growth. Rho kinase is thus a promising target for the treatment of cerebral vascular disorders. Indeed, preclinical studies indicate that Rho kinase inhibition may reduce the formation/growth/rupture of both intracranial aneurysms and cerebral cavernous malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bond
- BioAxone BioSciences, Inc., 10 Rogers Street, Suite 101, Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa McKerracher
- BioAxone BioSciences, Inc., 10 Rogers Street, Suite 101, Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|