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Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Ola R. Shear stress and pathophysiological PI3K involvement in vascular malformations. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172843. [PMID: 38747293 PMCID: PMC11093608 DOI: 10.1172/jci172843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of vascular anomalies has revealed that affected endothelial cells (ECs) harbor gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the gene encoding the catalytic α subunit of PI3Kα (PIK3CA). These PIK3CA mutations are known to cause solid cancers when occurring in other tissues. PIK3CA-related vascular anomalies, or "PIKopathies," range from simple, i.e., restricted to a particular form of malformation, to complex, i.e., presenting with a range of hyperplasia phenotypes, including the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum. Interestingly, development of PIKopathies is affected by fluid shear stress (FSS), a physiological stimulus caused by blood or lymph flow. These findings implicate PI3K in mediating physiological EC responses to FSS conditions characteristic of lymphatic and capillary vessel beds. Consistent with this hypothesis, increased PI3K signaling also contributes to cerebral cavernous malformations, a vascular disorder that affects low-perfused brain venous capillaries. Because the GOF activity of PI3K and its signaling partners are excellent drug targets, understanding PIK3CA's role in the development of vascular anomalies may inform therapeutic strategies to normalize EC responses in the diseased state. This Review focuses on PIK3CA's role in mediating EC responses to FSS and discusses current understanding of PIK3CA dysregulation in a range of vascular anomalies that particularly affect low-perfused regions of the vasculature. We also discuss recent surprising findings linking increased PI3K signaling to fast-flow arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxana Ola
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Lang L, Liang S, Zhang F, Fu Y, Wang J, Deng K, Wang L, Gao P, Zhu C, Shu G, Wu R, Jiang Q, Wang S. Knockdown of the VEGFB/VEGFR1 signaling suppresses pubertal mammary gland development of mice via the inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130782. [PMID: 38471613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) has been well demonstrated to play a crucial role in regulating vascular function by binding to the VEGF receptors (VEGFRs). However, the specific role of VEGFB and VEGFRs in pubertal mammary gland development remains unclear. In this study, we observed that blocking the VEGF receptors with Axitinib suppressed the pubertal mammary gland development. Meanwhile, the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells (HC11) was repressed by blocking the VEGF receptors with Axitinib. Additionally, knockdown of VEGFR1 rather than VEGFR2 and NRP1 elicited the inhibition of HC11 proliferation, suggesting the essential role of VEGFR1 during this process. Furthermore, Axitinib or VEGFR1 knockdown led to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. However, the inhibition of HC11 proliferation induced by Axitinib and or VEGFR1 knockdown was eliminated by the Akt activator SC79, indicating the involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, the knockdown of VEGFB and VEGFR1 suppressed the pubertal development of mice mammary gland with the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. In summary, the results showed that knockdown of the VEGFB/VEGFR1 signaling suppresses pubertal mammary gland development of mice via the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which provides a new target for the regulation of pubertal mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Lang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shuyi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Kaixin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ruifan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Research Institute of Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing 527400, PR China.
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3
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Medina-Dols A, Cañellas G, Capó T, Solé M, Mola-Caminal M, Cullell N, Jaume M, Nadal-Salas L, Llinàs J, Gómez L, Tur S, Jiménez C, Díaz RM, Carrera C, Muiño E, Gallego-Fabrega C, Soriano-Tárraga C, Ruiz-Guerra L, Pol-Fuster J, Asensio V, Muncunill J, Fleischer A, Iglesias A, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Lazcano U, Fernández-Pérez I, Jiménez-Balado J, Gabriel-Salazar M, Garcia-Gabilondo M, Lei T, Torres-Aguila NP, Cárcel-Márquez J, Lladó J, Olmos G, Rosell A, Montaner J, Planas AM, Rabionet R, Hernández-Guillamon M, Jiménez-Conde J, Fernández-Cadenas I, Vives-Bauzá C. Role of PATJ in stroke prognosis by modulating endothelial to mesenchymal transition through the Hippo/Notch/PI3K axis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:85. [PMID: 38368420 PMCID: PMC10874379 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Through GWAS studies we identified PATJ associated with functional outcome after ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this study was to determine PATJ role in brain endothelial cells (ECs) in the context of stroke outcome. PATJ expression analyses in patient's blood revealed that: (i) the risk allele of rs76221407 induces higher expression of PATJ, (ii) PATJ is downregulated 24 h after IS, and (iii) its expression is significantly lower in those patients with functional independence, measured at 3 months with the modified Rankin scale ((mRS) ≤2), compared to those patients with marked disability (mRS = 4-5). In mice brains, PATJ was also downregulated in the injured hemisphere at 48 h after ischemia. Oxygen-glucose deprivation and hypoxia-dependent of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α also caused PATJ depletion in ECs. To study the effects of PATJ downregulation, we generated PATJ-knockdown human microvascular ECs. Their transcriptomic profile evidenced a complex cell reprogramming involving Notch, TGF-ß, PI3K/Akt, and Hippo signaling that translates in morphological and functional changes compatible with endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). PATJ depletion caused loss of cell-cell adhesion, upregulation of metalloproteases, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cytoplasmic accumulation of the signal transducer C-terminal transmembrane Mucin 1 (MUC1-C) and downregulation of Notch and Hippo signaling. The EndMT phenotype of PATJ-depleted cells was associated with the nuclear recruitment of MUC1-C, YAP/TAZ, β-catenin, and ZEB1. Our results suggest that PATJ downregulation 24 h after IS promotes EndMT, an initial step prior to secondary activation of a pro-angiogenic program. This effect is associated with functional independence suggesting that activation of EndMT shortly after stroke onset is beneficial for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Medina-Dols
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Guillem Cañellas
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Toni Capó
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Mola-Caminal
- Neurology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Cullell
- Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa/Fundacio Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Jaume
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Nadal-Salas
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Jaume Llinàs
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Lluis Gómez
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Silvia Tur
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain
| | - Rosa M Díaz
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Spain
| | - Caty Carrera
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Muiño
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Gallego-Fabrega
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Ruiz-Guerra
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Josep Pol-Fuster
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Víctor Asensio
- Department of Genetics (GEN-IB), HUSE, IdISBa, Palma, Spain
| | | | | | - Amanda Iglesias
- Department of Respiratory Medicine,, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-IdISBa Palma, Spain; CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Uxue Lazcano
- Neurology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marina Gabriel-Salazar
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Garcia-Gabilondo
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ting Lei
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria-Paz Torres-Aguila
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jara Cárcel-Márquez
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerònia Lladó
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Gabriel Olmos
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville & Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Area of Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, IBUB, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Israel Fernández-Cadenas
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristòfol Vives-Bauzá
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma, Spain.
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van Splunder H, Villacampa P, Martínez-Romero A, Graupera M. Pericytes in the disease spotlight. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:58-71. [PMID: 37474376 PMCID: PMC10777571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are known as the mural cells in small-caliber vessels that interact closely with the endothelium. Pericytes play a key role in vasculature formation and homeostasis, and when dysfunctional contribute to vasculature-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and neurodegenerative conditions. In addition, significant extravascular roles of pathological pericytes are being discovered with relevant implications for cancer and fibrosis. Pericyte research is challenged by the lack of consistent molecular markers and clear discrimination criteria versus other (mural) cells. However, advances in single-cell approaches are uncovering and clarifying mural cell identities, biological functions, and ontogeny across organs. We discuss the latest developments in pericyte pathobiology to inform future research directions and potential outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hielke van Splunder
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Romero
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Kobialka P, Llena J, Deleyto-Seldas N, Munar-Gelabert M, Dengra JA, Villacampa P, Albinyà-Pedrós A, Muixi L, Andrade J, van Splunder H, Angulo-Urarte A, Potente M, Grego-Bessa J, Castillo SD, Vanhaesebroeck B, Efeyan A, Graupera M. PI3K-C2β limits mTORC1 signaling and angiogenic growth. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg1913. [PMID: 38015911 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate intracellular inositol lipids to regulate signaling and intracellular vesicular trafficking. Mammals have eight PI3K isoforms, of which class I PI3Kα and class II PI3K-C2α are essential for vascular development. The class II PI3K-C2β is also abundant in endothelial cells. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that PI3K-C2β was a critical regulator of blood vessel growth by restricting endothelial mTORC1 signaling. Mice expressing a kinase-inactive form of PI3K-C2β displayed enlarged blood vessels without corresponding changes in endothelial cell proliferation or migration. Instead, inactivation of PI3K-C2β resulted in an increase in the size of endothelial cells, particularly in the sprouting zone of angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we showed that the aberrantly large size of PI3K-C2β mutant endothelial cells was caused by mTORC1 activation, which sustained growth in these cells. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin normalized vascular morphogenesis in PI3K-C2β mutant mice. Together, these results identify PI3K-C2β as a crucial determinant of endothelial signaling and illustrate the importance of mTORC1 regulation during angiogenic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kobialka
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Judith Llena
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nerea Deleyto-Seldas
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Margalida Munar-Gelabert
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose A Dengra
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Albinyà-Pedrós
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Muixi
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hielke van Splunder
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra D Castillo
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, UK
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Gastric Cancer Cell-Derived Exosomal GRP78 Enhances Angiogenesis upon Stimulation of Vascular Endothelial Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6145-6157. [PMID: 36547080 PMCID: PMC9776843 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes containing glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) are involved in cancer malignancy. GRP78 is thought to promote the tumor microenvironment, leading to angiogenesis. No direct evidence for this role has been reported, however, mainly because of difficulties in accurately measuring the GRP78 concentration in the exosomes. Recently, exosomal GRP78 concentrations were successfully measured using an ultrasensitive ELISA. In the present study, GRP78 concentrations in exosomes collected from gastric cancer AGS cells with overexpression of GRP78 (OE), knockdown of GRP78 (KD), or mock GRP78 (mock) were quantified. These three types of exosomes were then incubated with vascular endothelial cells to examine their effects on endothelial cell angiogenesis. Based on the results of a tube formation assay, GRP78-OE exosomes accelerated angiogenesis compared with GRP78-KD or GRP78-mock exosomes. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this effect, we examined the Ser473 phosphorylation state ratio of AKT, which is involved in the angiogenesis process, and found that AKT phosphorylation was increased by GRP78-OE exosome application to the endothelial cells. An MTT assay showed that GRP78-OE exosome treatment increased the proliferation rate of endothelial cells, and a wound healing assay showed that this treatment increased the migration capacity of the endothelial cells. These findings demonstrated that GRP78-containing exosomes promote the tumor microenvironment and induce angiogenesis.
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Chestnut B, Klimkaite L, Sumanas S. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13065. [PMID: 35906287 PMCID: PMC9338088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells exhibit substantial phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity which is established during early embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing endothelial cell diversity are still not well understood. Zebrafish has emerged as an advantageous model to study vascular development. Despite its importance, the single-cell transcriptomic profile of vascular endothelial cells during zebrafish development is still missing. To address this, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of vascular endothelial cells isolated from zebrafish embryos at the 24 hpf stage. Six distinct clusters or subclusters related to vascular endothelial cells were identified which include arterial, two venous, cranial, endocardial and endothelial progenitor cell subtypes. Furthermore, we validated our findings by characterizing novel markers for arterial, venous, and endocardial cells. We experimentally confirmed the presence of two transcriptionally different venous cell subtypes, demonstrating heterogeneity among venous endothelial cells at this early developmental stage. This dataset will be a valuable resource for future functional characterization of vascular endothelial cells and interrogation of molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of their heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Brendan Chestnut
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurita Klimkaite
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
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8
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Kobialka P, Sabata H, Vilalta O, Gouveia L, Angulo-Urarte A, Muixí L, Zanoncello J, Muñoz-Aznar O, Olaciregui NG, Fanlo L, Esteve-Codina A, Lavarino C, Javierre BM, Celis V, Rovira C, López-Fernández S, Baselga E, Mora J, Castillo SD, Graupera M. The onset of PI3K-related vascular malformations occurs during angiogenesis and is prevented by the AKT inhibitor miransertib. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15619. [PMID: 35695059 PMCID: PMC9260211 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low‐flow vascular malformations are congenital overgrowths composed of abnormal blood vessels potentially causing pain, bleeding and obstruction of different organs. These diseases are caused by oncogenic mutations in the endothelium, which result in overactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Lack of robust in vivo preclinical data has prevented the development and translation into clinical trials of specific molecular therapies for these diseases. Here, we demonstrate that the Pik3caH1047R activating mutation in endothelial cells triggers a transcriptome rewiring that leads to enhanced cell proliferation. We describe a new reproducible preclinical in vivo model of PI3K‐driven vascular malformations using the postnatal mouse retina. We show that active angiogenesis is required for the pathogenesis of vascular malformations caused by activating Pik3ca mutations. Using this model, we demonstrate that the AKT inhibitor miransertib both prevents and induces the regression of PI3K‐driven vascular malformations. We confirmed the efficacy of miransertib in isolated human endothelial cells with genotypes spanning most of human low‐flow vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kobialka
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Sabata
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Odena Vilalta
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonor Gouveia
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Muixí
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Muñoz-Aznar
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nagore G Olaciregui
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Fanlo
- 3D Chromatin Organization, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biola M Javierre
- 3D Chromatin Organization, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronica Celis
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Rovira
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana López-Fernández
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra D Castillo
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Monelli E, Villacampa P, Zabala-Letona A, Martinez-Romero A, Llena J, Beiroa D, Gouveia L, Chivite I, Zagmutt S, Gama-Perez P, Osorio-Conles O, Muixi L, Martinez-Gonzalez A, Castillo SD, Martín-Martín N, Castel P, Valcarcel-Jimenez L, Garcia-Gonzalez I, Villena JA, Fernandez-Ruiz S, Serra D, Herrero L, Benedito R, Garcia-Roves P, Vidal J, Cohen P, Nogueiras R, Claret M, Carracedo A, Graupera M. Angiocrine polyamine production regulates adiposity. Nat Metab 2022; 4:327-343. [PMID: 35288722 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and adipocytes are fundamental to maintain white adipose tissue (WAT) homeostasis, as illustrated by the activation of angiogenesis upon WAT expansion, a process that is impaired in obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between ECs and adipocytes remain poorly understood. Here, we show that local production of polyamines in ECs stimulates adipocyte lipolysis and regulates WAT homeostasis in mice. We promote enhanced cell-autonomous angiogenesis by deleting Pten in the murine endothelium. Endothelial Pten loss leads to a WAT-selective phenotype, characterized by reduced body weight and adiposity in pathophysiological conditions. This phenotype stems from enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation in ECs concomitant with a paracrine lipolytic action on adipocytes, accounting for reduced adiposity. Combined analysis of murine models, isolated ECs and human specimens reveals that WAT lipolysis is mediated by mTORC1-dependent production of polyamines by ECs. Our results indicate that angiocrine metabolic signals are important for WAT homeostasis and organismal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Monelli
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Zabala-Letona
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Martinez-Romero
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Llena
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Gouveia
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iñigo Chivite
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Perez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Osorio-Conles
- Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Muixi
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainara Martinez-Gonzalez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Sandra D Castillo
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Martín-Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Traslational prostate cancer Research lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorea Valcarcel-Jimenez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Irene Garcia-Gonzalez
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernandez-Ruiz
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Roves
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Galician Agency of Investigation, Xunta de Galicia, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Traslational prostate cancer Research lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque; Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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PI3K Isoforms in Vascular Biology, A Focus on the Vascular System-Immune Response Connection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:289-309. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Schinzari F, Tesauro M, Cardillo C. Vasodilator Dysfunction in Human Obesity: Established and Emerging Mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S40-S52. [PMID: 34840258 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human obesity is associated with insulin resistance and often results in a number of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular complications. Over the past decades, substantial advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological pathways underlying the obesity-related vascular dysfunction have facilitated better identification of several players participating in this abnormality. However, the complex interplay between the disparate mechanisms involved has not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, in medical practice, the clinical syndromes stemming from obesity-related vascular dysfunction still carry a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality; thus, early identification and personalized clinical management seem of the essence. Here, we will initially describe the alterations of intravascular homeostatic mechanisms occurring in arteries of obese patients. Then, we will briefly enumerate those recognized causative factors of obesity-related vasodilator dysfunction, such as vascular insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, visceral adipose tissue expansion, and perivascular adipose tissue abnormalities; next, we will discuss in greater detail some emerging pathophysiological mechanisms, including skeletal muscle inflammation, signals from gut microbiome, and the role of extracellular vesicles and microRNAs. Finally, it will touch on some gaps in knowledge, as well as some current acquisitions for specific treatment regimens, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 enhancers and sodium-glucose transporter2 inhibitors, that could arrest or slow the progression of this abnormality full of unwanted consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Aging, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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12
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Iriarte Fuster A, Cerdà Serra P, Riera-Mestre A. PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS): new insight in known diseases. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 157:483-488. [PMID: 34281706 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The overgrowth syndromes related to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) are grouped under the concept of PROS (PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum). It is a heterogeneous group of diseases, considered a rare disease (ORPHA: 530313), which combines the presence of vascular malformations with segmental overgrowth of some parts of the body. All these diseases are caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for the alpha subunit of PI3K. These mutations are somatic and take place during the embryonic stage. Depending on the stage of embryonic development and the affected germ layers, the phenotype will be very different, from syndromes with extensive involvement to isolated forms. Although there are clinical criteria, identification of the mutation by biopsy, although complex, confirms the diagnosis. The objective of the present study is to review the pathophysiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of PROS, in order to optimize its identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Iriarte Fuster
- Unidad de HHT y otras Enfermedades Minoritarias Vasculares, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España
| | - Pau Cerdà Serra
- Unidad de HHT y otras Enfermedades Minoritarias Vasculares, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España
| | - Antoni Riera-Mestre
- Unidad de HHT y otras Enfermedades Minoritarias Vasculares, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
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13
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Abstract
Lymphatic vessels maintain tissue fluid homeostasis by returning to blood circulation interstitial fluid that has extravasated from the blood capillaries. They provide a trafficking route for cells of the immune system, thus critically contributing to immune surveillance. Developmental or functional defects in the lymphatic vessels, their obstruction or damage, lead to accumulation of fluid in tissues, resulting in lymphedema. Here we discuss developmental lymphatic anomalies called lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies that manifest as localized or multifocal lesions of the lymphatic vasculature, respectively. They are rare diseases that are caused mostly by somatic mutations and can present with variable symptoms based upon the size and location of the lesions composed of fluid-filled cisterns or channels. Substantial progress has been made recently in understanding the molecular basis of their pathogenesis through the identification of their genetic causes, combined with the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in animal disease models and patient-derived lymphatic endothelial cells. Most of the solitary somatic mutations that cause lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies occur in genes that encode components of oncogenic growth factor signal transduction pathways. This has led to successful repurposing of some targeted cancer therapeutics to the treatment of lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies. Apart from the mutations that act as lymphatic endothelial cell-autonomous drivers of these anomalies, current evidence points to superimposed paracrine mechanisms that critically contribute to disease pathogenesis and thus provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review these advances and discuss new treatment strategies that are based on the recently identified molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.M.)
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium (L.M.B.).,Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (L.M.B., M.V.)
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (L.M.B., M.V.).,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (M.V.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
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14
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Benson CE, Southgate L. The DOCK protein family in vascular development and disease. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:417-433. [PMID: 33548004 PMCID: PMC8292242 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vascular network is established and maintained through the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which are tightly regulated during embryonic and postnatal life. The formation of a functional vasculature requires critical cellular mechanisms, such as cell migration, proliferation and adhesion, which are dependent on the activity of small Rho GTPases, controlled in part by the dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) protein family. Whilst the majority of DOCK proteins are associated with neuronal development, a growing body of evidence has indicated that members of the DOCK family may have key functions in the control of vasculogenic and angiogenic processes. This is supported by the involvement of several angiogenic signalling pathways, including chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), in the regulation of specific DOCK proteins. This review summarises recent progress in understanding the respective roles of DOCK family proteins during vascular development. We focus on existing in vivo and in vitro models and known human disease phenotypes and highlight potential mechanisms of DOCK protein dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Benson
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Laura Southgate
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. .,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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15
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Liu K, Zhang X, Xie L, Deng M, Chen H, Song J, Long J, Li X, Luo J. Lupeol and its derivatives as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105373. [PMID: 33316380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid that widely exists in edible fruits and vegetables, and medicinal plants. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of lupeol have been conducted and have demonstrated that lupeol possesses an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Pharmacokinetic studies have indicated that absorption of lupeol by animals was rapid despite its nonpolar characteristics, and lupeol belongs to class II BCS (biopharmaceutics classification system) compounds. Moreover, the bioactivities of some isolated or synthesized lupeol derivatives have been investigated, and these results showed that, with modification to C-3 or C-19, some derivatives exhibit stronger activities, e.g., antiprotozoal or anticancer activity. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of lupeol in the last decade with an emphasis on its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the research progress of lupeol derivatives thus far, to provide researchers with the latest information, point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Jia Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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16
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Budge EJ, Khalil Allam MA, Mechie I, Scully M, Agu O, Lim CS. Venous malformations: Coagulopathy control and treatment methods. Phlebology 2020; 36:361-374. [PMID: 33283636 DOI: 10.1177/0268355520972918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Venous malformations (VMs) are ectatic channels which arise as a result of vascular dysmorphogenesis, commonly caused by activating mutations in the endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor (TIE2)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kinase) pathway. With a prevalence of 1% in the general population, and a diverse clinical presentation depending on site, size and tissue involvement, their treatment requires a personalised and multidisciplinary approach. Larger lesions are complicated by local intravascular coagulopathy (LIC) causing haemorrhagic and/or thrombotic complications which can progress to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). METHODS We performed a literature review using a PubMed® search and identified 15 articles to include. References of these texts were examined to further expand the literature review.Principle findings: Several treatment options have been explored, including compression, sclerotherapy, laser therapy, cryoablation and surgery in addition to the management of LIC with low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) and other anticoagulants. Targeted molecular therapies acting on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kinase)/Protein Kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are newly emerging. CONCLUSION Despite a wealth of literature, larger, multi-centric, randomised and prospective trails are required to offer further clarification on the therapeutic management of coagulopathy control and to provide symptomatic benefit to patients with VMs. There should be efforts to provide long term follow up and to use standardised risk stratification tools and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires to aid comparison of agents and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Budge
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Imogen Mechie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marie Scully
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Research Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Obi Agu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Research Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chung Sim Lim
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Research Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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