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Guo D, He B, Feng F, Lv D, Han T, Chen X. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the effect of ribosomal proteins on essential-oil accumulation in Houttuynia cordata Thunb. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17519. [PMID: 38903882 PMCID: PMC11188929 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata Thunb., also known as Yuxingcao in Chinese, occupies a pivotal role in Asian traditional medicine and cuisine. The aerial parts and underground stems of H. cordata exhibit remarkable chemical diversity, particularly in essential oil. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating essential oil biosynthesis in H. cordata remain unclear. In this study, we present a quantitative overview of the proteomes across four tissues (flower, stem, leaf, and underground stem) of H. cordata, achieved through the application of the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Our research findings indicate that certain crucial ribosomal proteins and their interactions may significantly impact the production of essential oils in H. cordata. These results offer novel insights into the roles of ribosomal proteins and their associations in essential oil biosynthesis across various organisms of H. cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Beixuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Diya Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
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Lu T, Yin W, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Zhong Q, Li S, Wang N, Chen Z, Ye H, Fang Y, Mu D, Wang Y, Rao Y. WLP3 Encodes the Ribosomal Protein L18 and Regulates Chloroplast Development in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 38091105 PMCID: PMC10719208 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastid ribosomal proteins play a crucial role in the growth and development of plants, mainly in the gene expression and translation of key genes in chloroplasts. While some information is known about the regulatory processes of plastid ribosomal proteins in various plant species, there is limited knowledge about the underlying mechanisms in rice. In this study, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis was used to generate a new mutant called wlp3 (white leaf and panicle3), characterized by white or albino leaves and panicles, which exhibited this phenotype from the second leaf stage until tillering. Furthermore, after a certain period, the newly emerging leaves developed the same phenotype as the rice variety ZH11, while the albino leaves of wlp3 showed an incomplete chloroplast structure and significantly low chlorophyll content. A transition mutation (T to C) at position 380 was identified in the coding region of the LOC_Os03g61260 gene, resulting in the substitution of isoleucine by threonine during translation. WLP3 encodes the ribosomal L18 subunit, which is localized in the chloroplast. Complementation experiments confirmed that LOC_Os03g61260 was responsible for the albino phenotype in rice. WLP3 has high expression in the coleoptile, leaves at the three-leaf stage, and panicles at the heading stage. Compared to the wild-type (WT), wlp3 exhibited reduced chlorophyll synthesis and significantly decreased expression levels of genes associated with plastid development. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) analysis revealed that WLP3 interacts with other ribosomal subunits, to influence chloroplast development. These results contribute to a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development and plastid gene translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjin Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyu Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianqian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengai Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanfei Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China.
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Li Q, Du J, Qiao Z, Pan C, He W, Zhang L, Li X, Nie Y, Li X, Pan G, Zhang Z, Li G, Ding H. White and green striate leaves 1, predicted to encode a 16S rRNA processing protein, plays a critical role in the processing of chloroplast ribosomes in maize ( Zea mays L.). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:65. [PMID: 37538809 PMCID: PMC10393919 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes play a crucial role in protein biosynthesis and are linked to plant growth and development. The RimM protein has been shown to be involved in the maturation of 30S ribosomal subunits, but its exact function in plants is still unknown. In this study, we discovered a maize mutant with white and green striate leaves (wgsl1) and reduced chlorophyll content. Genetic analysis showed that the wgsl1 mutation was recessive and controlled by a single nuclear gene. Map-based cloning of ZmWGSL1 identified a base substitution (G to A) that generated a missense mutation within the Zm00001d039036 gene in the wgsl1 mutant. Zm00001d039036 encodes a 16S rRNA processing protein containing the RimM motif. Further analysis of transcriptomic data showed that the transcript levels of many ribosomal proteins involved in the small and big ribosomal subunits were dramatically up-regulated in the wgsl1 mutant. Moreover, the level of ribosomal multimers was decreased. This suggests that ZmWGSL1 plays a crucial role in the maturation of the ribosome, leading to abnormal plant growth and development. In addition, subcellular localization results indicate that WGSL1 is localized in chloroplasts. Therefore, we suggest that WGSL1 is a nuclear-encoded protein, is transported to the chloroplast to drive functions, and affects the processing of ribosomes in the chloroplast. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01407-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shangdong Province China
| | - Jiyuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shangdong Province China
| | - Zhenghao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shangdong Province China
| | - Chao Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Weiqiang He
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yongxin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shangdong Province China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shangdong Province China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shangdong Province China
| | - Gaoke Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong Province China
| | - Haiping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shangdong Province China
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Valencia-Lozano E, Herrera-Isidrón L, Flores-López JA, Recoder-Meléndez OS, Uribe-López B, Barraza A, Cabrera-Ponce JL. Exploring the Potential Role of Ribosomal Proteins to Enhance Potato Resilience in the Face of Changing Climatic Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1463. [PMID: 37510367 PMCID: PMC10379993 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Potatoes have emerged as a key non-grain crop for food security worldwide. However, the looming threat of climate change poses significant risks to this vital food source, particularly through the projected reduction in crop yields under warmer temperatures. To mitigate potential crises, the development of potato varieties through genome editing holds great promise. In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to investigate microtuber development and identified several differentially expressed genes, with a particular focus on ribosomal proteins-RPL11, RPL29, RPL40 and RPL17. Our results reveal, by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, performed with the highest confidence in the STRING database platform (v11.5), the critical involvement of these ribosomal proteins in microtuber development, and highlighted their interaction with PEBP family members as potential microtuber activators. The elucidation of the molecular biological mechanisms governing ribosomal proteins will help improve the resilience of potato crops in the face of today's changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Valencia-Lozano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Lisset Herrera-Isidrón
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jorge Abraham Flores-López
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Osiel Salvador Recoder-Meléndez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Braulio Uribe-López
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Aarón Barraza
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noreste, SC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz CP 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - José Luis Cabrera-Ponce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Zha G, Yin J, Cheng F, Song M, Zhang M, Obel HO, Wang Y, Chen J, Lou Q. Fine mapping of CscpFtsY, a gene conferring the yellow leaf phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:570. [PMID: 36471240 PMCID: PMC9724417 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color mutants are ideal materials to study pigment metabolism and photosynthesis. Leaf color variations are mainly affected by chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoid contents and chloroplast development in higher plants. However, the regulation of chlorophyll metabolism remains poorly understood in many plant species. The chloroplast signal-recognition particle system is responsible for the insertion of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins (LHCPs) to thylakoid membranes, which controls the chloroplast development as well as the regulation of Chls biosynthesis post-translationally in higher plants. RESULTS In this study, the yellow leaf cucumber mutant, named yl, was found in an EMS-induced mutant library, which exhibited a significantly reduced chlorophyll content, abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and decreased photosynthetic capacity. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the phenotype of yl was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. Using BSA-seq technology combined with the map-based cloning method, we narrowed the locus to a 100 kb interval in chromosome 3. Linkage analysis and allelism test validated the candidate SNP residing in CsaV3_3G009150 encoding one homolog of chloroplast signal-recognition particle (cpSRP) receptor in Arabidopsis, cpFtsY, could be responsible for the yellow leaf phenotype of yl. The relative expression of CscpFtsY was significantly down-regulated in different organs except for the stem, of yl compared with that in the wild type (WT). Subcellular localization result showed that CscpFtsY located in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells. CONCLUSIONS The yl mutant displayed Chls-deficient, impaired chloroplast ultrastructure with intermittent grana stacks and significantly decreased photosynthetic capacity. The isolation of CscpFtsY in cucumber could accelerate the progress on chloroplast development by cpSRP-dependant LHCP delivery system and regulation of Chls biosynthesis in a post-translational way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohui Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Juan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Mengfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hesbon Ochieng Obel
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Zhang T, Dong X, Yuan X, Hong Y, Zhang L, Zhang X, Chen S. Identification and characterization of CsSRP43, a major gene controlling leaf yellowing in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac212. [PMID: 36479584 PMCID: PMC9719040 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutants are crucial to extending our understanding of genes and their functions in higher plants. In this study a spontaneous cucumber mutant, yf, showed yellow color leaves, had significant decreases in related physiological indexes of photosynthesis characteristics, and had more abnormal chloroplasts and thylakoids. Inheritance analysis indicated that the yellow color of the leaf was controlled by a recessive nuclear locus, yf. A candidate gene, CsSRP43, encoding a chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 protein, was identified through map-based cloning and whole-genome sequence analysis. Alignment of the CsSRP43 gene homologs between both parental lines revealed a 7-kb deletion mutation including the promoter region and the coding sequence in the yf mutant. In order to determine if the CsSRP43 gene was involved in the formation of leaf color, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediate system was used to modify CsSRP43 in the 9930 background; two independent transgenic lines, srp43-1 and srp43-2, were generated, and they showed yellow leaves with abnormal chloroplasts and thylakoids. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes associated with the photosynthesis-related pathway were highly enriched between srp43-1 and wild type, most of which were significantly downregulated in line srp43-1. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and biomolecular fluorescence complementation assays were used to confirm that CsSRP43 directly interacted with LHCP and cpSRP54 proteins. A model was established to explain the molecular mechanisms by which CsSRP43 participates in the leaf color and photosynthesis pathway, and it provides a valuable basis for understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of leaf color in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
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Robles P, Quesada V. Unveiling the functions of plastid ribosomal proteins in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:35-45. [PMID: 36041366 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Translation of mRNAs into proteins is a universal process and ribosomes are the molecular machinery that carries it out. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and also in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. A number of genetic studies have been performed to determine the function of plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs). Tobacco has been frequently used as a system to study the ribosomal proteins encoded by the chloroplast genome. In contrast, Arabidopsis thaliana and rice are preferentially used models to study the function of nuclear-encoded PRPs by using direct or reverse genetics approaches. The results of these works have provided a relatively comprehensive catalogue of the roles of PRPs in different plant biology aspects, which highlight that some PRPs are essential, while others are not. The latter ones are involved in chloroplast biogenesis, lateral root formation, leaf morphogenesis, plant growth, photosynthesis or chlorophyll synthesis. Furthermore, small gene families encode some PRPs. In the last few years, an increasing number of findings have revealed a close association between PRPs and tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. Sometimes, the same PRP can be involved in both developmental processes and the response to abiotic stress. The aim of this review is to compile and update the findings hitherto published on the functional analysis of PRPs. The study of the phenotypic effects caused by the disruption of PRPs from different species reveals the involvement of PRPs in different biological processes and highlights the significant impact of plastid translation on plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Robles
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Víctor Quesada
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202, Elche, Spain.
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Qiu Z, Chen D, Teng L, Guan P, Yu G, Zhang P, Song J, Zeng Q, Zhu L. OsWHY1 Interacts with OsTRX z and is Essential for Early Chloroplast Development in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:50. [PMID: 36208371 PMCID: PMC9547768 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
WHIRLY (WHY) family proteins, a small family of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding proteins, are widely found in plants and have multiple functions to regulate plant growth and development. However, WHY in rice has received less attention. In this study, we continued our previous study on OsTRX z that is important for chloroplast development. OsTRX z was discovered to interact with OsWHY1, which was confirmed using yeast two-hybrid, pull-down, and BiFC assays. Subsequently, the oswhy1 mutants were obtained by CRISPR/Cas9, which exhibited an albino phenotype and died after the three-leaf stage. Consistent with this albino phenotype, low amounts of Chl a, Chl b, and Car were detected in the oswhy1-1 mutant. Moreover, the oswhy1-1 mutant had chloroplasts with disrupted architecture and no stacked grana and thylakoid membranes. Subcellular localization showed that the OsWHY1-GFP fusion protein was targeted to the chloroplast. What's more, OsWHY1 was found to be preferentially expressed in young leaves and was involved in chloroplast RNA editing and splicing. Mutation of OsWHY1 significantly affected the expression of chloroplast and ribosome development-related and chlorophyll synthesis-related genes. In conclusion, OsWHY1 contributes to early chloroplast development and normal seedling survival in rice. These results will further elucidate the molecular mechanism of chloroplast development and expand our understanding of WHY1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Qiu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Functional Biological Resources Development and Utilization in Universities, College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China.
| | - Dongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Linhong Teng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Functional Biological Resources Development and Utilization in Universities, College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Peiyan Guan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Functional Biological Resources Development and Utilization in Universities, College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Guoping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Peiliang Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Functional Biological Resources Development and Utilization in Universities, College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Jian Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Functional Biological Resources Development and Utilization in Universities, College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Qiangcheng Zeng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Functional Biological Resources Development and Utilization in Universities, College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Chen S, Zeng X, Li Y, Qiu S, Peng X, Xie X, Liu Y, Liao C, Tang X, Wu J. The nuclear-encoded plastid ribosomal protein L18s are essential for plant development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:949897. [PMID: 36212366 PMCID: PMC9538462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.949897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) are necessary components for plastid ribosome biogenesis, playing essential roles in plastid development. The ribosomal protein L18 involved in the assemble of 5S rRNA and 23S rRNA, is vital for E. coli viability, but the functions of its homologs in plant plastid remain elusive. Here, we characterized the functions of the plant plastid ribosomal protein L18s (PRPL18s) in Arabidopsis and rice. AtPRPL18 was ubiquitously expressed in most of the plant tissues, but with higher expression levels in seedling shoots, leaves, and flowers. AtPRPL18 was localized in chloroplast. Genetic and cytological analyses revealed that a loss of function of AtPRPL18 resulted in embryo development arrest at globular stage. However, overexpression of AtPRPL18 did not show any visible phenotypical changes in Arabidopsis. The rice OsPRPL18 was localized in chloroplast. In contrast to AtPRPL18, knockout of OsPRPL18 did not affect embryo development, but led to an albino lethal phenotype at the seedling stage. Cytological analyses showed that chloroplast development was impaired in the osprpl18-1 mutant. Moreover, a loss-function of OsPRPL18 led to defects in plastid ribosome biogenesis and a serious reduction in the efficiency of plastid intron splicing. In all, these results suggested that PRPL18s play critical roles in plastid ribosome biogenesis, plastid intron splicing, and chloroplast development, and are essential for plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhuang Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjue Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chancan Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Ye S, Yang J, Huang Y, Liu J, Ma X, Zhao L, Ma C, Tu J, Shen J, Fu T, Wen J. Bulk segregant analysis-sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses reveal candidate genes associated with albino phenotype in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994616. [PMID: 36119587 PMCID: PMC9478516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inheritable albino mutants are excellent models for exploring the mechanism of chloroplast biogenesis and development. However, only a few non-lethal albino mutations have been reported to date in Brassica species. Here, we describe a resynthesized Brassica napus mutant, whose leaf, stem, and silique tissues showed an inheritable albino phenotype under field conditions after the bud stage but green phenotype in the greenhouse during the whole growing season, indicating that the albino phenotype depends on environmental conditions. Compared with the green leaves of the field-grown wild-type (GL) and greenhouse-grown mutant (WGL) plants, white leaves of the field-grown mutant (WL) showed significantly lower chlorophyll contents and structural defects in chloroplasts. Genetic analysis revealed that the albino phenotype of WL is recessive and is controlled by multiple genes. Bulk segregant analysis-sequencing (BSA-Seq) indicated that the candidate regions responsible for the albino phenotype spanned a total physical distance of approximately 49.68 Mb on chromosomes A03, A07, A08, C03, C04, C06, and C07. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms that control chloroplast development in B. napus, we performed transcriptome (RNA-Seq) analysis of GL, WGL, and WL samples. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with leaf color were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis and chlorophyll metabolism. Further analysis indicated that DEGs involved in chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism were likely the main factors responsible for the albino phenotype in B. napus. A total of 59 DEGs were screened in the candidate regions, and four DEGs (BnaC03G0522600NO, BnaC07G0481600NO, BnaC07G0497800NO, and BnaA08G0016300NO) were identified as the most likely candidates responsible for the albino phenotype. Altogether, this study provides clues for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast development in B. napus.
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11
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Lin DZ, Pan QW, Wang XM, Chen Y, Pan XB, Dong YJ. Mutation of the rice AN1-type zinc-finger protein gene ASL4 causes chloroplast development defects and seedling lethality. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:95-103. [PMID: 34724300 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant zinc-finger proteins play a crucial role in biosynthesis and plant development. However, it is not known whether certain zinc-finger proteins play a role in rice chloroplast development. In this study, a novel rice zinc-finger protein mutant asl4 (albino seedling lethality4), which exhibits an albino lethal phenotype at the seedling stage, was used. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis and TEM were used to investigate features of the asl4 mutant. The genetic behaviour and function of ASL4 gene were then analysed thorough map-based cloning, transgenic complement and subcellular localization. The albino lethal phenotype was caused by a single nucleotide (G*) deletion mutation on the exon of the ASL4 (LOC_Os09g21710) gene. The ASL4 gene encoded a novel zinc-finger protein containing two ZnF-AN1 domains, which was localized to the nucleocytoplasm. The ASL4 transcripts were highly expressed in all leaves but relatively less in other tissues, suggesting its tissue-specific expression. The transcript levels of associated genes for Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development were severely suppressed in asl4 mutants. In conclusion, the absence of ASL4 function caused a defect in chloroplast development and seedling lethality. This is the first published report on the importance of the ZnF-AN1 type zinc-finger protein gene in chloroplast development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q W Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - X M Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - X B Pan
- Crop Institute, Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Linhai, China
| | - Y J Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Genetics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Lin D, Zhou W, Wang Y, Sun J, Pan X, Dong Y. Rice TSV2 encoding threonyl-tRNA synthetase is needed for early chloroplast development and seedling growth under cold stress. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6332004. [PMID: 34544147 PMCID: PMC8661440 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS), one of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs), plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. However, the AARS functions on rice chloroplast development and growth were not fully appraised. In this study, a thermo-sensitive virescent mutant tsv2, which showed albino phenotype and lethal after the 4-leaf stage at 20°C but recovered to normal when the temperatures rose, was identified and characterized. Map-based cloning and complementation tests showed that TSV2 encoded a chloroplast-located ThrRS protein in rice. The Lys-to-Arg mutation in the anticodon-binding domain hampered chloroplast development under cold stress, while the loss of function of the ThrRS core domain in TSV2 fatally led to seedling death regardless of growing temperatures. In addition, TSV2 had a specific expression in early leaves. Its disruption obviously resulted in the downregulation of certain genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and chloroplast development at cold conditions. Our observations revealed that rice nuclear-encoded TSV2 plays an important role in chloroplast development at the early leaf stage under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jia Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaobiao Pan
- Crop Institute, Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Linhai 317000, China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai 200234, China.,Institute of Genetics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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13
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Zhou K, Zhang C, Xia J, Yun P, Wang Y, Ma T, Li Z. Albino seedling lethality 4; Chloroplast 30S Ribosomal Protein S1 is Required for Chloroplast Ribosome Biogenesis and Early Chloroplast Development in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:47. [PMID: 34046768 PMCID: PMC8160077 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosomes responsible for transcription and translation of plastid-encoded proteins in chloroplasts are essential for chloroplast development and plant growth. Although most ribosomal proteins in plastids have been identified, the molecular mechanisms regulating chloroplast biogenesis remain to be investigated. RESULTS Here, we identified albinic seedling mutant albino seedling lethality 4 (asl4) caused by disruption of 30S ribosomal protein S1 that is targeted to the chloroplast. The mutant was defective in early chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis. A 2855-bp deletion in the ASL4 allele was verified as responsible for the mutant phenotype by complementation tests. Expression analysis revealed that the ASL4 allele was highly expressed in leaf 4 sections and newly expanded leaves during early leaf development. Expression levels were increased by exposure to light following darkness. Some genes involved in chloroplast biogenesis were up-regulated and others down-regulated in asl4 mutant tissues compared to wild type. Plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP)-dependent photosynthesis genes and nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP)-dependent housekeeping genes were separately down-regulated and up-regulated, suggesting that plastid transcription was impaired in the mutant. Transcriptome and western blot analyses showed that levels of most plastid-encoded genes and proteins were reduced in the mutant. The decreased contents of chloroplast rRNAs and ribosomal proteins indicated that chloroplast ribosome biogenesis was impaired in the asl4 mutant. CONCLUSIONS Rice ASL4 encodes 30S ribosomal protein S1, which is targeted to the chloroplast. ASL4 is essential for chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and early chloroplast development. These data will facilitate efforts to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunneng Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, (Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Caijuan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, (Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jiafa Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, (Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Peng Yun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, (Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuanlei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, (Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Tingchen Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, (Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zefu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, (Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Hefei, 230031, China.
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14
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Xu C, Shen Y, Li C, Lu F, Zhang MD, Meeley RB, McCarty DR, Tan BC. Emb15 encodes a plastid ribosomal assembly factor essential for embryogenesis in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:214-227. [PMID: 33450100 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome assembly factors guide the complex process by which ribosomal proteins and the ribosomal RNAs form a functional ribosome. However, the assembly of plant plastid ribosomes is poorly understood. In the present study, we discovered a maize (Zea mays) plastid ribosome assembly factor based on our characterization of the embryo defective 15 (emb15) mutant. Loss of function of Emb15 retards embryo development at an early stage, but does not substantially affect the endosperm, and causes an albino phenotype in other genetic backgrounds. EMB15 localizes to plastids and possesses a ribosome maturation factor M (RimM) domain in the N-terminus and a predicted UDP-GlcNAc pyrophosphorylase domain in the C-terminus. The EMB15 RimM domain originated in bacteria and the UDP-GlcNAc pyrophosphorylase domain originated in fungi; these two domains came together in the ancestor of land plants during evolution. The N-terminus of EMB15 complemented the growth defect of an Escherichia coli strain with a RimM deletion and rescued the albino phenotype of emb15 homozygous mutants. The RimM domain mediates the interaction between EMB15 and the plastid ribosomal protein PRPS19. Plastid 16S rRNA maturation is also significantly impaired in emb15. These observations suggest that EMB15 functions in maize seed development as a plastid ribosome assembly factor, and the C-terminal domain is not important under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Robert B Meeley
- DuPont Pioneer AgBiotech Research, Johnston, Iowa, 50131-1004, USA
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266237, China
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15
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Zhou H, Yang M, Zhao L, Zhu Z, Liu F, Sun H, Sun C, Tan L. HIGH-TILLERING AND DWARF 12 modulates photosynthesis and plant architecture by affecting carotenoid biosynthesis in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1212-1224. [PMID: 33097962 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and plant architecture are important factors influencing grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we identified a high-tillering and dwarf 12 (htd12) mutant and analyzed the effects of the HTD12 mutation on these important factors. HTD12 encodes a 15-cis-ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) belonging to the nitrite and nitric oxide reductase U (NnrU) protein family, as revealed by positional mapping and transformation experiments. Sequence analysis showed that a single nucleotide transition from guanine (G) to adenine (A) in the 3' acceptor site between the first intron and second exon of HTD12 alters its mRNA splicing in htd12 plants, resulting in a 49-amino acid deletion that affects carotenoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. In addition, compared with the wild type, htd12 had significantly lower concentrations of ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol (epi-5DS), a native strigolactone, in both roots and root exudates, resulting in an obvious increase in tiller number and decrease in plant height. These findings indicate that HTD12, the rice homolog of Z-ISO, regulates chloroplast development and photosynthesis by functioning in carotenoid biosynthesis, and modulates plant architecture by affecting strigolactone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mai Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zuofeng Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Sun
- MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lubin Tan
- MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Dong X, Duan S, Wang H, Jin H. Plastid ribosomal protein LPE2 is involved in photosynthesis and the response to C/N balance in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1418-1432. [PMID: 31944575 PMCID: PMC7540278 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The balance between cellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) must be tightly coordinated to sustain optimal growth and development in plants. In chloroplasts, photosynthesis converts inorganic C to organic C, which is important for maintenance of C content in plant cells. However, little is known about the role of chloroplasts in C/N balance. Here, we identified a nuclear-encoded protein LOW PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY2 (LPE2) that it is required for photosynthesis and C/N balance in Arabidopsis. LPE2 is specifically localized in the chloroplast. Both loss-of-function mutants, lpe2-1 and lpe2-2, showed lower photosynthetic activity, characterized by slower electron transport and lower PSII quantum yield than the wild type. Notably, LPE2 is predicted to encode the plastid ribosomal protein S21 (RPS21). Deficiency of LPE2 significantly perturbed the thylakoid membrane composition and plastid protein accumulation, although the transcription of plastid genes is not affected obviously. More interestingly, transcriptome analysis indicated that the loss of LPE2 altered the expression of C and N response related genes in nucleus, which is confirmed by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, deficiency of LPE2 suppressed the response of C/N balance in physiological level. Taken together, our findings suggest that LPE2 plays dual roles in photosynthesis and the response to C/N balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Sujuan Duan
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Hong‐Bin Wang
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Hong‐Lei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
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17
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Gao J, Liang D, Xu Q, Yang F, Zhu G. Involvement of CsERF2 in leaf variegation of Cymbidium sinense 'Dharma'. PLANTA 2020; 252:29. [PMID: 32725285 PMCID: PMC7387381 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION CsERF2, an ethylene response factor, plays a role in leaf variegation. Leaf variegation is a main ornamental characteristic in Cymbidium sinense (C. sinense). However, the mechanisms of leaf color variegation remain largely unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the cytological and physiological features, as well as molecular analyses of leaves from wild-type (WT) and leaf variegation mutants of Cymbidium sinense 'Dharma'. Chloroplasts with typical and functional structures were discovered in WT and green sectors of the mutants leaves (MG), but not in yellow sectors of the mutant leaves (MY). The activities of key enzymes involved in chlorophyll (Chl) degradation and their substrate contents were significantly increased in MY. Genes related to Chl degradation also showed a significant up-regulation in MY. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of all identified ethylene response factors (ERFs) was significantly up-regulated, and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content in MY was significantly higher compared with MG. QRT-PCR analysis validated that the expression levels of genes related to Chl degradation could be positively affected by ethylene (ETH) treatment. Stable overexpression of CsERF2 in Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) led to a decrease in Chl content and abnormal chloroplast. Transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that the KEGG pathway related to chloroplast development and function showed significant change in transgenic N. tabacum. Therefore, the leaf color formation of C. sinense was greatly affected by chloroplast development and Chl metabolism. CsERF2 played an important role in leaf variegation of C. sinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Azarin K, Usatov A, Makarenko M, Kozel N, Kovalevich A, Dremuk I, Yemelyanova A, Logacheva M, Fedorenko A, Averina N. A point mutation in the photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 gene confers variegation in Helianthus annuus L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:373-389. [PMID: 32166486 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Even a point mutation in the psaA gene mediates chlorophyll deficiency. The role of the plastid signal may perform the redox state of the compounds on the acceptor-side of PSI. Two extranuclear variegated mutants of sunflower, Var1 and Var33, were investigated. The yellow sectors of both mutants were characterized by an extremely low chlorophyll and carotenoid content, as well as poorly developed, unstacked thylakoid membranes. A full-genome sequencing of the cpDNA revealed mutations in the psaA gene in both Var1 and Var33. The cpDNA from the yellow sectors of Var1 differs from those in the wild type by only a single, non-synonymous substitution (Gly734Glu) in the psaA gene, which encodes a subunit of photosystem (PS) I. In the cpDNA from the yellow sectors of Var33, the single-nucleotide insertion in the psaA gene was revealed, leading to frameshift at the 580 amino acid position. Analysis of the photosynthetic electron transport demonstrated an inhibition of the PSI and PSII activities in the yellow tissues of the mutant plants. It has been suggested that mutations in the psaA gene of both Var1 and Var33 led to the disruption of PSI. Due to the non-functional PSI, photosynthetic electron transport is blocked, which, in turn, leads to photodamage of PSII. These data are confirmed by immunoblotting analysis, which showed a significant reduction in PsbA in the yellow leaf sectors, but not PsaA. The expression of chloroplast and nuclear genes encoding the PSI subunits (psaA, psaB, and PSAN), the PSII subunits (psbA, psbB, and PSBW), the antenna proteins (LHCA1, LHCB1, and LHCB4), the ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase subunits (rbcL and RbcS), and enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis were down-regulated in the yellow leaf tissue. The extremely reduced transcriptional activity of the two protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis is noteworthy. The disruption of NADPH synthesis, due to the non-functional PSI, probably led to a significant reduction in NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in the yellow sectors of Var1 and Var33. A dramatic decrease in chlorophyllide was shown in the yellow sectors. A reduction in NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase, along with photodegradation, has been suggested as a result of chlorophyll deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Azarin
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Maksim Makarenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Kozel
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Irina Dremuk
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anna Yemelyanova
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mariya Logacheva
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nataliya Averina
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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19
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Martinez-Seidel F, Beine-Golovchuk O, Hsieh YC, Kopka J. Systematic Review of Plant Ribosome Heterogeneity and Specialization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:948. [PMID: 32670337 PMCID: PMC7332886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants dedicate a high amount of energy and resources to the production of ribosomes. Historically, these multi-protein ribosome complexes have been considered static protein synthesis machines that are not subject to extensive regulation but only read mRNA and produce polypeptides accordingly. New and increasing evidence across various model organisms demonstrated the heterogeneous nature of ribosomes. This heterogeneity can constitute specialized ribosomes that regulate mRNA translation and control protein synthesis. A prominent example of ribosome heterogeneity is seen in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, which, due to genome duplications, has multiple paralogs of each ribosomal protein (RP) gene. We support the notion of plant evolution directing high RP paralog divergence toward functional heterogeneity, underpinned in part by a vast resource of ribosome mutants that suggest specialization extends beyond the pleiotropic effects of single structural RPs or RP paralogs. Thus, Arabidopsis is a highly suitable model to study this phenomenon. Arabidopsis enables reverse genetics approaches that could provide evidence of ribosome specialization. In this review, we critically assess evidence of plant ribosome specialization and highlight steps along ribosome biogenesis in which heterogeneity may arise, filling the knowledge gaps in plant science by providing advanced insights from the human or yeast fields. We propose a data analysis pipeline that infers the heterogeneity of ribosome complexes and deviations from canonical structural compositions linked to stress events. This analysis pipeline can be extrapolated and enhanced by combination with other high-throughput methodologies, such as proteomics. Technologies, such as kinetic mass spectrometry and ribosome profiling, will be necessary to resolve the temporal and spatial aspects of translational regulation while the functional features of ribosomal subpopulations will become clear with the combination of reverse genetics and systems biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martinez-Seidel
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yin-Chen Hsieh
- Bioinformatics Subdivision, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Willmitzer Department, Max Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
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20
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OsCpn60β1 is Essential for Chloroplast Development in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114023. [PMID: 32512821 PMCID: PMC7313468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) protein is of great importance to plants due to its involvement in modulating the folding of numerous chloroplast protein polypeptides. In chloroplasts, Cpn60 is differentiated into two subunit types—Cpn60α and Cpn60β and the rice genome encodes three α and three β plastid chaperonin subunits. However, the functions of Cpn60 family members in rice were poorly understood. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of OsCpn60β1, we attempted to disrupt the OsCpn60β1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in this study. We succeeded in the production of homozygous OsCpn60β1 knockout rice plants. The OsCpn60β1 mutant displayed a striking albino leaf phenotype and was seedling lethal. Electron microscopy observation demonstrated that chloroplasts were severely disrupted in the OsCpn60β1 mutant. In addition, OsCpn60β1 was located in the chloroplast and OsCpn60β1 is constitutively expressed in various tissues particularly in the green tissues. The label-free qualitative proteomics showed that photosynthesis-related pathways and ribosomal pathways were significantly inhibited in OsCpn60β1 mutants. These results indicate that OsCpn60β1 is essential for chloroplast development in rice.
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Xiaomei W, Rongrong K, Ting Z, Yuanyuan G, Jianlong X, Zhongze P, Gangseob L, Dongzhi L, Yanjun D. A DEAD-box RNA helicase TCD33 that confers chloroplast development in rice at seedling stage under cold stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153138. [PMID: 32213379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the most common unfavorable environmental factors affecting the growth, development, and survival of plants. The DEAD-box RNA helicases play important roles in all types of processes of RNA metabolism. However, the function of DEAD-box RNA helicase under cold stress is poorly explored in plants, especially in rice. This study reported the identification of a novel rice thermo-sensitive chlorophyll-deficient mutant, tcd33, which displayed an albino phenotype before the four-leaf stage, then withered and eventually died at 20 °C, while wild-type plants exhibited normal green coloration at 32 °C. The tcd33 seedlings also exhibited less chlorophyll contents and severe defects of chloroplast structure under 20 °C condition. Map-based cloning and complementation experiments suggested that TCD33 encodes a chloroplast-located DEAD-box RNA helicase protein. The transcript expression level of TCD33 indicated that the genes related to chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and chloroplast development in tcd33 mutants were down-regulated at 20 °C, while the down-regulated genes were nearly recovered to or slightly higher than the WT level at 32 °C. Together, our results suggest that the cold-inducible TCD33 is essential for early chloroplast development and is important for cold-responsive gene regulation and cold tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiaomei
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Kong Rongrong
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhang Ting
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Gao Yuanyuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xu Jianlong
- The Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Piao Zhongze
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Lee Gangseob
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeon Ju, 560-500 South Korea
| | - Lin Dongzhi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Dong Yanjun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Lv J, Shang L, Chen Y, Han Y, Yang X, Xie S, Bai W, Hu M, Wu H, Lei K, Yang Y, Ge S, Trinh HP, Zhang Y, Guo L, Wang Z. OsSLC1 Encodes a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Essential for Early Chloroplast Development and Seedling Survival. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:25. [PMID: 32297039 PMCID: PMC7160225 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large family of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins is widely distributed among land plants. Such proteins play vital roles in intron splicing, RNA editing, RNA processing, RNA stability and RNA translation. However, only a small number of PPR genes have been identified in rice. RESULTS In this study, we raised a mutant from tissue-culture-derived plants of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica 'Zhonghua 11', which exhibited a lethal chlorosis phenotype from germination to the third-leaf stage. The mutant was designated seedling-lethal chlorosis 1 (slc1). The slc1 mutant leaves showed extremely low contents of photosynthetic pigments and abnormal chloroplast development, and were severely defective in photosynthesis. Map-based cloning of OsSLC1 revealed that a single base (G) deletion was detected in the first exon of Os06g0710800 in the slc1 mutant, which caused a premature stop codon. Knockout and complementation experiments further confirmed that OsSLC1 is responsible for the seedling-lethal chlorosis phenotype in the slc1 mutant. OsSLC1 was preferentially expressed in green leaves, and encoded a chloroplast-localized PPR protein harboring 12 PPR motifs. Loss-of-function of OsSLC1 affected the intron splicing of multiple group II introns, and especially precluded the intron splicing of rps16, and resulted in significant increase in the transcript levels of 3 chloroplast ribosomal RNAs and 16 chloroplast development-related and photosynthesis-related genes, and in significant reduction in the transcript levels of 1 chloroplast ribosomal RNAs and 2 chloroplast development-related and photosynthesis-related genes. CONCLUSION We characterized a novel chloroplast-localized PPR protein, OsSLC1, which plays a vital role in the intron splicing of multiple group II introns, especially the rps16 intron, and is essential for early chloroplast development and seedling survival in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124 China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Research Center for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Yao Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Shuzhang Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Wenqin Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Hong Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Kairong Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Ya’nan Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124 China
| | - Shengzhen Ge
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Hai Phuong Trinh
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Research Center for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006 China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006 China
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Fang Y, Hou L, Zhang X, Pan J, Ren D, Zeng D, Guo L, Qian Q, Hu J, Xue D. Disruption of ζ-Carotene Desaturase Protein ALE1 Leads to Chloroplast Developmental Defects and Seedling Lethality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11607-11615. [PMID: 31560536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) is a key enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis and plays an important role in plant photosynthesis. We characterized an albino leaf-color mutant obtained from ethyl methanesulfonate treatment: albino and seedling lethality 1 (ale1). The material contains a chloroplast thylakoid defect where photosynthetic pigments declined and reactive oxygen species accumulated resulting in ale1 death within 3 weeks. Positional cloning and sequencing revealed that there was a single base substitution in ALE1, which encoded a ZDS involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. RNAi and complementation tests confirmed the identity of ALE1. Subcellular localization showed that the ALE1 protein is localized in the chloroplast. Expression analysis indicated that the genes involved in chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis were downregulated. We conclude that ALE1 plays an important role in chloroplast and plant growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| | - Linlin Hou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| | - Jiangjie Pan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , 359 Tiyu Road , 310006 Hangzhou , China
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , 16 Xiasha Road , 310036 Hangzhou , China
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24
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Cai Z, Jia P, Zhang J, Gan P, Shao Q, Jin G, Wang L, Jin J, Yang J, Luo J. Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a qualitative trait locus wpb1 for albino panicle branches in rice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223228. [PMID: 31557269 PMCID: PMC6763196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast plays an important role in the plant life cycle. However, the details of its development remain elusive in rice. In this study, we report the fine-mapping of a novel rice gene wpb1 (white panicle branch 1), which affects chloroplast biogenesis, from a tropical japonica variety that results in an albino panicle branches at and after the heading stage. The wpb1 variety was crossed with Nipponbare to generate the F2 and BC1F2 populations. Green and white panicle branch phenotypes with a 3:1 segregation ratio was observed in the F2 population. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on whole genome resequencing was conducted to determine the wpb1 locus. A candidate interval spanning from 11.35 to 23.79M (physical position) on chromosome 1 was identified. The results of BSA analysis were verified by a 40K rice SNP-array using the BC1F2 population. A large-scale F2 population was used to pinpoint wpb1, and the locus was further narrowed down to a 95-kb interval. Furthermore, our results showed that the expression levels of the majority of the genes involved in Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development were remarkably affected in wpb1 variety and in F2 plants with a white panicle branch phenotype. In line with the results mentioned above, anatomical structural examination and chlorophyll (Chl) content measurement suggested that wpb1 might play an important role in the regulation of chloroplast development. Further cloning and functional characterization of the wpb1 gene will shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying chloroplast development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Institute for New Rural Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peilong Jia
- Institute for New Rural Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Research and Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gan
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JY); (JJ)
| | - Jiangyi Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JY); (JJ)
| | - Jijing Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JY); (JJ)
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25
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Zuo Z, Weraduwage SM, Lantz AT, Sanchez LM, Weise SE, Wang J, Childs KL, Sharkey TD. Isoprene Acts as a Signaling Molecule in Gene Networks Important for Stress Responses and Plant Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:124-152. [PMID: 30760638 PMCID: PMC6501071 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene synthase converts dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene and appears to be necessary and sufficient to allow plants to emit isoprene at significant rates. Isoprene can protect plants from abiotic stress but is not produced naturally by all plants; for example, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) do not produce isoprene. It is typically present at very low concentrations, suggesting a role as a signaling molecule; however, its exact physiological role and mechanism of action are not fully understood. We transformed Arabidopsis with a Eucalyptus globulus isoprene synthase The regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis and isoprene emission were similar to those of native emitters, indicating that regulation of isoprene emission is not specific to isoprene-emitting species. Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were enhanced by isoprene, which also had a marked positive effect on hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf, and inflorescence growth in Arabidopsis. By contrast, leaf and stem growth was reduced in tobacco engineered to emit isoprene. Expression of genes belonging to signaling networks or associated with specific growth regulators (e.g. gibberellic acid that promotes growth and jasmonic acid that promotes defense) and genes that lead to stress tolerance was altered by isoprene emission. Isoprene likely executes its effects on growth and stress tolerance through direct regulation of gene expression. Enhancement of jasmonic acid-mediated defense signaling by isoprene may trigger a growth-defense tradeoff leading to variations in the growth response. Our data support a role for isoprene as a signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sarathi M Weraduwage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Alexandra T Lantz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Lydia M Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sean E Weise
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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26
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Cheng R, Gong L, Li Z, Liang YK. Rice BIG gene is required for seedling viability. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:39-50. [PMID: 30530202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis BIG (AtBIG) gene encodes an enormous protein that is required for auxin transport. Loss of AtBIG function not only profoundly changes plant architecture but also alters plant adaptability to environmental stimuli. A putative homolog of AtBIG exists in the rice genome, but no function has been ascribed to it. In this study, we focus on the characterization of the gene structure and function of OsBIG. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis shows that the homologs of OsBIG have high amino acid conservation in several domains across species. Transgenic rice plants in which the expression of OsBIG was disrupted through the CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated genome editing were used for phenotypic analysis. The Osbig/- plants show high levels of cell death, enhanced electrolyte leakage and membrane lipid peroxidation, and reduced chlorophyll content, which likely accounted for the seedling lethality. Moreover, gene expression between Osbig/- and wild-type plants analyzed by RNA-seq indicates that a number of metabolic and hormonal pathways including ribosome, DNA replication, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll metabolism were significantly perturbed by OsBIG deficiency. In summary, OsBIG gene is integral to the normal growth and development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Luping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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27
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Qiu Z, Chen D, He L, Zhang S, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Ren D, Qian Q, Guo L, Zhu L. The rice white green leaf 2 gene causes defects in chloroplast development and affects the plastid ribosomal protein S9. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:39. [PMID: 29995230 PMCID: PMC6041223 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) play important roles in the translation of key proteins involved in chloroplast development and photosynthesis. PRPs have been widely studied in many plant species; however, few studies have investigated their roles in rice. RESULT In the present study, we used ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis and obtained a novel rice mutant called white green leaf 2 (wgl2). The wgl2 mutants exhibited an albino phenotype from germination through the three-leaf stage, and then gradually transitioned to green through the later developmental stages. Consistent with this albino phenotype, wgl2 mutants had abnormal chloroplasts and lower levels of photosynthetic pigments. Map-based cloning and DNA sequencing analyses of wgl2 revealed a single-nucleotide substitution (G to T) in the first exon of LOC_Os03g55930, which resulted in a substitution of glycine 92 to valine (G92 V). WGL2 encodes a conserved ribosomal protein, which localizes to the chloroplast. Complementation and targeted deletion experiments confirmed that the point mutation in WGL2 is responsible for the wgl2 mutant phenotype. WGL2 is preferentially expressed in the leaf, and mutating WGL2 led to obvious changes in the expression of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, chloroplast development, and ribosome development compared with wild-type. CONCLUSIONS WGL2 encodes a conserved ribosomal protein, which localizes to the chloroplast. WGL2 is essential for early chloroplast development in rice. These results facilitate research that will further uncover the molecular mechanism of chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zenan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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28
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Rice TSV3 Encoding Obg-Like GTPase Protein Is Essential for Chloroplast Development During the Early Leaf Stage Under Cold Stress. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:253-263. [PMID: 29162684 PMCID: PMC5765353 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Spo0B-associated GTP-binding (Obg) proteins are essential for the viability of nearly all bacteria. However, the detailed roles of Obg proteins in higher plants have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we identified a novel rice (Oryza sativa L.) thermo-sensitive virescent mutant (tsv3) that displayed an albino phenotype at 20° before the three-leaf stage while being a normal green at 32° or even at 20° after the four-leaf stage. The mutant phenotype was consistent with altered chlorophyll content and chloroplast structure in leaves. Map-based cloning and complementation experiments showed that TSV3 encoded a small GTP-binding protein. Subcellular localization studies revealed that TSV3 was localized to the chloroplasts. Expression of TSV3 was high in leaves and weak or undetectable in other tissues, suggesting a tissue-specific expression of TSV3 In the tsv3 mutant, expression levels of genes associated with the biogenesis of the chloroplast ribosome 50S subunit were severely decreased at the three-leaf stage under cold stress (20°), but could be recovered to normal levels at a higher temperature (32°). These observations suggest that the rice nuclear-encoded TSV3 plays important roles in chloroplast development at the early leaf stage under cold stress.
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29
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Lu S, Li C, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Liu D. Functional Disruption of a Chloroplast Pseudouridine Synthase Desensitizes Arabidopsis Plants to Phosphate Starvation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1421. [PMID: 28861101 PMCID: PMC5559850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a common nutritional stress of plants in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Plants respond to Pi starvation in the environment by triggering a suite of biochemical, physiological, and developmental changes that increase survival and growth. The key factors that determine plant sensitivity to Pi starvation, however, are unclear. In this research, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, dps1, with greatly reduced sensitivity to Pi starvation. The dps1 phenotypes are caused by a mutation in the previously characterized SVR1 (SUPPRESSION OF VARIAGATION 1) gene, which encodes a chloroplast-localized pseudouridine synthase. The mutation of SVR1 results in defects in chloroplast rRNA biogenesis, which subsequently reduces chloroplast translation. Another mutant, rps5, which contains a mutation in the chloroplast ribosomal protein RPS5 and has reduced chloroplast translation, also displayed decreased sensitivity to Pi starvation. Furthermore, wild type plants treated with lincomycin, a chemical inhibitor of chloroplast translation, showed similar growth phenotypes and Pi starvation responses as dps1 and rps5. These results suggest that impaired chloroplast translation desensitizes plants to Pi starvation. Combined with previously published results showing that enhanced leaf photosynthesis augments plant responses to Pi starvation, we propose that the decrease in responses to Pi starvation in dps1, rps5, and lincomycin-treated plants is due to their reduced demand for Pi input from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
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30
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Tsai CC, Wu YJ, Sheue CR, Liao PC, Chen YH, Li SJ, Liu JW, Chang HT, Liu WL, Ko YZ, Chiang YC. Molecular Basis Underlying Leaf Variegation of a Moth Orchid Mutant ( Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1333. [PMID: 28798769 PMCID: PMC5529386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf variegation is often the focus of plant breeding. Here, we studied a variegated mutant of Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana, which is usually used as a parent of horticultural breeding, to understand its anatomic and genetic regulatory mechanisms in variegation. Chloroplasts with well-organized thylakoids and starch grains were found only in the mesophyll cells of green sectors but not of yellow sectors, confirming that the variegation belongs to the chlorophyll type. The two-dimensional electrophoresis and LC/MS/MS also reveal differential expressions of PsbP and PsbO between the green and yellow leaf sectors. Full-length cDNA sequencing revealed that mutant transcripts were caused by intron retention. When conditioning on the total RNA expression, we found that the functional transcript of PsbO and mutant transcript of PsbP are higher expressed in the yellow sector than in the green sector, suggesting that the post-transcriptional regulation of PsbO and PsbP differentiates the performance between green and yellow sectors. Because PsbP plays an important role in the stability of thylakoid folding, we suggest that the negative regulation of PsbP may inhibit thylakoid development in the yellow sectors. This causes chlorophyll deficiency in the yellow sectors and results in leaf variegation. We also provide evidence of the link of virus CymMV and the formation of variegation according to the differential expression of CymMV between green and yellow sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chu Tsai
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationPingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and TechnologyPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho UniversityPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Rong Sheue
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hao Chen
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Li
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tsung Chang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho UniversityPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liu
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension StationPingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Zhu Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhang YY, Hao YY, Wang YH, Wang CM, Wang YL, Long WH, Wang D, Liu X, Jiang L, Wan JM. Lethal albinic seedling, encoding a threonyl-tRNA synthetase, is involved in development of plastid protein synthesis system in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1053-1064. [PMID: 28405745 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An albinic rice is caused by mutation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase, which is essential for plant development by stabilizing of NEP and PEP gene expressions and chloroplast protein synthesis. Chloroplast biogenesis and development depend on complex genetic mechanisms. Apart from their function in translation, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) play additional role in gene expression regulation, RNA splicing, and cytokine activity. However, their detailed functions in plant development are still poorly understood. We isolated a lethal albinic seedling (las) mutant in rice. Physiological and ultrastructural analysis of las mutant plants revealed weak chlorophyll fluorescence, negligible chlorophyll accumulation, and defective thylakoid membrane development. By map based cloning we determined that the LAS allele gene encodes threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS). LAS was constitutively expressed with relatively high level in leaves. NEP-dependent gene transcripts accumulated in the developing chloroplasts, while PEP-dependent transcripts were reduced in the las mutant. This result indicated that PEP activity was impaired. Chloroplast-encoded protein levels were sharply reduced in the las mutant. Biogenesis of chloroplast rRNAs (16S and 23S rRNA) was arrested, leading to impaired translation and protein synthesis. Together, our findings indicated that LAS is essential not only for chloroplast development by stabilizing the NEP and PEP gene expression, but also for protein synthesis and construction of the ribosome system in rice chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chun-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wu-Hua Long
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian-Min Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Wang WJ, Zheng KL, Gong XD, Xu JL, Huang JR, Lin DZ, Dong YJ. The rice TCD11 encoding plastid ribosomal protein S6 is essential for chloroplast development at low temperature. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 259:1-11. [PMID: 28483049 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastid ribosome proteins (PRPs) are important components for chloroplast biogenesis and early chloroplast development. Although it has been known that chloroplast ribosomes are similar to bacterial ones, the precise molecular function of ribosomal proteins remains to be elucidated in rice. Here, we identified a novel rice mutant, designated tcd11 (thermo-sensitive chlorophyll-deficient mutant 11), characterized by the albino phenotype until it died at 20°C, while displaying normal phenotype at 32°C. The alteration of leaf color in tcd11 mutants was aligned with chlorophyll (Chl) content and chloroplast development. The map-based cloning and molecular complementation showed that TCD11 encodes the ribosomal small subunit protein S6 in chloroplasts (RPS6). TCD11 was abundantly expressed in leaves, suggesting its different expressions in tissues. In addition, the disruption of TCD11 greatly reduced the transcript levels of certain chloroplasts-associated genes and prevented the assembly of ribosome in chloroplasts at low temperature (20°C), whereas they recovered to nearly normal levels at high temperature (32°C). Thus, our data indicate that TCD11 plays an important role in chloroplast development at low temperature. Upon our knowledge, the observations from this study provide a first glimpse into the importance of RPS6 function in rice chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Kai-Lun Zheng
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Di Gong
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10010, China
| | - Jian-Long Xu
- The Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ji-Rong Huang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Lin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Dong
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Zhao DS, Zhang CQ, Li QF, Yang QQ, Gu MH, Liu QQ. A residue substitution in the plastid ribosomal protein L12/AL1 produces defective plastid ribosome and causes early seedling lethality in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:161-77. [PMID: 26873698 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The plastid ribosome is essential for chloroplast biogenesis as well as seedling formation. As the plastid ribosome closely resembles the prokaryotic 70S ribosome, many plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) have been identified in higher plants. However, their assembly in the chloroplast ribosome in rice remains unclear. In the present study, we identified a novel rice mutant, albino lethal 1 (al1), from a chromosome segment substitution line population. The al1 mutant displayed an albino phenotype at the seedling stage and did not survive past the three-leaf stage. No other apparent differences in plant morphology were observed in the al1 mutant. The albino phenotype of the al1 mutant was associated with decreased chlorophyll content and abnormal chloroplast morphology. Using fine mapping, AL1 was shown to encode the PRPL12, a protein localized in the chloroplasts of rice, and a spontaneous single-nucleotide mutation (C/T), resulting in a residue substitution from leucine in AL1 to phenylalanine in al1, was found to be responsible for the early seedling lethality. This point mutation is located at the L10 interface feature of the L12/AL1 protein. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that there was no physical interaction between al1 and PRPL10. In addition, the mutation had little effect on the transcript abundance of al1, but had a remarkable effect on the protein abundance of al1 and transcript abundance of chloroplast biogenesis-related and photosynthesis-related genes. These results provide a first glimpse into the molecular details of L12's function in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Yuan H, Yang Y, Fish T, Lyi SM, Thannhauser TW, Zhang L, Li L. Plastid ribosomal protein S5 is involved in photosynthesis, plant development, and cold stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2731-44. [PMID: 27006483 PMCID: PMC4861020 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastid ribosomal proteins are essential components of protein synthesis machinery and have diverse roles in plant growth and development. Mutations in plastid ribosomal proteins lead to a range of developmental phenotypes in plants. However, how they regulate these processes is not fully understood, and the functions of some individual plastid ribosomal proteins remain unknown. To identify genes responsible for chloroplast development, we isolated and characterized a mutant that exhibited pale yellow inner leaves with a reduced growth rate in Arabidopsis. The mutant (rps5) contained a missense mutation of plastid ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5), which caused a dramatically reduced abundance of chloroplast 16S rRNA and seriously impaired 16S rRNA processing to affect ribosome function and plastid translation. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that the rps5 mutation suppressed the expression of a large number of core components involved in photosystems I and II as well as many plastid ribosomal proteins. Unexpectedly, a number of proteins associated with cold stress responses were greatly decreased in rps5, and overexpression of the plastid RPS5 improved plant cold stress tolerance. Our results indicate that RPS5 is an important constituent of the plastid 30S subunit and affects proteins involved in photosynthesis and cold stress responses to mediate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sangbom M Lyi
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Li
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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35
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Sun H, Chen ZH, Chen F, Xie L, Zhang G, Vincze E, Wu F. DNA microarray revealed and RNAi plants confirmed key genes conferring low Cd accumulation in barley grains. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:259. [PMID: 26503017 PMCID: PMC4623906 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanism of low Cd accumulation in crops is crucial for sustainable safe food production in Cd-contaminated soils. RESULTS Confocal microscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence analyses revealed a distinct difference in Cd accumulation and tolerance between the two contrasting barley genotypes: W6nk2 (a low-grain-Cd-accumulating and Cd-sensitive genotype) and Zhenong8 (a high-grain-Cd-accumulating and tolerant genotype). A DNA microarray analysis detected large-scale changes of gene expression in response to Cd stress with a substantial difference between the two genotypes. Cd stress led to higher expression of genes involved in transport, carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction in the low-grain-Cd-accumulating genotype. Novel transporter genes such as zinc transporter genes were identified as being associated with low Cd accumulation. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed our microarray data. Furthermore, suppression of the zinc transporter genes HvZIP3 and HvZIP8 by RNAi silencing showed increased Cd accumulation and reduced Zn and Mn concentrations in barley grains. Thus, HvZIP3 and HvZIP8 could be candidate genes related to low-grain-Cd-accumulation. CONCLUSION Novel transporter genes such as HvZIP3 and HvZIP8 were identified as being associated with low-grain-Cd-accumulation. In addition to advancing academic knowledge, our findings may also result in potential economic benefits for molecular breeding of low Cd accumulating barley and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Sun
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Lupeng Xie
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Eva Vincze
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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36
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Lin D, Jiang Q, Zheng K, Chen S, Zhou H, Gong X, Xu J, Teng S, Dong Y. Mutation of the rice ASL2 gene encoding plastid ribosomal protein L21 causes chloroplast developmental defects and seedling death. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:599-607. [PMID: 25280352 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plastid ribosome proteins (PRPs) play important roles in plastid protein biosynthesis, chloroplast differentiation and early chloroplast development. However, the specialised functions of individual protein components of the chloroplast ribosome in rice (Oryza sativa) remain unresolved. In this paper, we identified a novel rice PRP mutant named asl2 (Albino seedling lethality 2) exhibiting an albino, seedling death phenotype. In asl2 mutants, the alteration of leaf colour was associated with chlorophyll (Chl) content and abnormal chloroplast development. Through map-based cloning and complementation, the mutated ASL2 gene was isolated and found to encode the chloroplast 50S ribosome protein L21 (RPL21c), a component of the chloroplast ribosome large subunit, which was localised in chloroplasts. ASL2 was expressed at a higher level in the plumule and leaves, implying its tissue-specific expression. Additionally, the expression of ASL2 was regulated by light. The transcript levels of the majority of genes for Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development were strongly affected in asl2 mutants. Collectively, the absence of functional ASL2 caused chloroplast developmental defects and seedling death. This report establishes the important role of RPL21c in chloroplast development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Sun X, Jia Q, Guo Y, Zheng X, Liang K. Whole-genome analysis revealed the positively selected genes during the differentiation of indica and temperate japonica rice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119239. [PMID: 25774680 PMCID: PMC4361536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the selective pressures acting on the protein-coding genes during the differentiation of indica and japonica, all of the possible orthologous genes between the Nipponbare and 93–11 genomes were identified and compared with each other. Among these genes, 8,530 pairs had identical sequences, and 27,384 pairs shared more than 90% sequence identity. Only 2,678 pairs of genes displaying a Ka/Ks ratio significantly greater than one were revealed, and most of these genes contained only nonsynonymous sites. The genes without synonymous site were further analyzed with the SNP data of 1529 O. sativa and O. rufipogon accessions, and 1068 genes were identified to be under positive selection during the differentiation of indica and temperate japonica. The positively selected genes (PSGs) are unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes, and the proteins encoded by the PSGs are dominant with binding, transferase and hydrolase activities, and especially enriched in the plant responses to stimuli, biological regulations, and transport processes. Meanwhile, the most PSGs of the known function and/or expression were involved in the regulation of biotic/abiotic stresses. The evidence of pervasive positive selection suggested that many factors drove the differentiation of indica and japonica, which has already started in wild rice but is much lower than in cultivated rice. Lower differentiation and less PSGs revealed between the Or-It and Or-IIIt wild rice groups implied that artificial selection provides greater contribution on the differentiation than natural selection. In addition, the phylogenetic tree constructed with positively selected sites showed that the japonica varieties exhibited more diversity than indica on differentiation, and Or-III of O. rufipogon exhibited more than Or-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangjing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Lin D, Gong X, Jiang Q, Zheng K, Zhou H, Xu J, Teng S, Dong Y. The rice ALS3 encoding a novel pentatricopeptide repeat protein is required for chloroplast development and seedling growth. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 8:17. [PMID: 25859292 PMCID: PMC4390607 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play essential roles in modulating the expression of organelle genes and have expanded greatly in higher plants. However, molecular mechanisms of most rice PPR genes remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, a new rice PPR mutant, asl3 (albino seedling lethality3) exhibits an albino lethal phenotype at the seedling stage. This albino phenotype was associated with altered photosynthetic-pigment and chloroplast development. Map-based cloning showed that ASL3 encodes a novel rice PPR protein with 10 tandem PPR motifs, which localizes to the chloroplast. ASL3 showed tissue-specific expression, as it was highly expressed in the chlorenchyma, but expressed at much lower levels in roots and panicles. RNAi of ASL3 confirmed that ASL3 plays an essential role in the early development and chloroplast development in rice. Moreover, expression analysis revealed that the asl3 mutation severely affected the transcriptional levels of important genes associated with plastid translation machinery and photosynthesis, which may impair photosynthesis and finally led to the seedling death in asl3 mutant. These results evidenced the important role of ASL3 in the early development of rice, especially chloroplast development. CONCLUSIONS The ASL3 gene encoded a novel chloroplast-targeted PPR protein with 10 tandem PPR motifs in rice. Disruption of the ASL3 would lead to a defective chloroplast and seedling lethality, and affected expression levels of genes associated with chloroplast development and photosynthesis at early leaf stage of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Lin
- />Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- />Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
- />Present address: Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Quan Jiang
- />Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Kailun Zheng
- />Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Hua Zhou
- />Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
- />Present address: Agricultural Faculty, Hokkaido University, Sappro, 060-0817 Japan
| | - Jianlong Xu
- />Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081 China
| | - Sheng Teng
- />Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- />Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
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Tiller N, Bock R. The translational apparatus of plastids and its role in plant development. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1105-20. [PMID: 24589494 PMCID: PMC4086613 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts (plastids) possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco (plastid-encoded components) and Arabidopsis (nucleus-encoded components). This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant development at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway(s). In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Tiller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Deng XJ, Zhang HQ, Wang Y, He F, Liu JL, Xiao X, Shu ZF, Li W, Wang GH, Wang GL. Mapped clone and functional analysis of leaf-color gene Ygl7 in a rice hybrid (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). PLoS One 2014; 9:e99564. [PMID: 24932524 PMCID: PMC4059691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf-color is an effective marker to identify the hybridization of rice. Leaf-color related genes function in chloroplast development and the photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis of higher plants. The ygl7 (yellow-green leaf 7) is a mutant with spontaneous yellow-green leaf phenotype across the whole lifespan but with no change to its yield traits. We cloned gene Ygl7 (Os03g59640) which encodes a magnesium-chelatase ChlD protein. Expression of ygl7 turns green-leaves to yellow, whereas RNAi-mediated silence of Ygl7 causes a lethal phenotype of the transgenic plants. This indicates the importance of the gene for rice plant. On the other hand, it corroborates that ygl7 is a non-null mutants. The content of photosynthetic pigment is lower in Ygl7 than the wild type, but its light efficiency was comparatively high. All these results indicated that the mutational YGL7 protein does not cause a complete loss of original function but instead acts as a new protein performing a new function. This new function partially includes its preceding function and possesses an additional feature to promote photosynthesis. Chl1, Ygl98, and Ygl3 are three alleles of the OsChlD gene that have been documented previously. However, mutational sites of OsChlD mutant gene and their encoded protein products were different in the three mutants. The three mutants have suppressed grain output. In our experiment, plant materials of three mutants (ygl7, chl1, and ygl98) all exhibited mutational leaf-color during the whole growth period. This result was somewhat different from previous studies. We used ygl7 as female crossed with chl1 and ygl98, respectively. Both the F1 and F2 generation display yellow-green leaf phenotype with their chlorophyll and carotenoid content falling between the values of their parents. Moreover, we noted an important phenomenon: ygl7-NIL's leaf-color is yellow, not yellowy-green, and this is also true of all back-crossed offspring with ygl7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-juan Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-qing Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-ling Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-feng Shu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Plant Preservation, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-huai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-liang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Deng XJ, Zhang HQ, Wang Y, He F, Liu JL, Xiao X, Shu ZF, Li W, Wang GH, Wang GL. Mapped clone and functional analysis of leaf-color gene Ygl7 in a rice hybrid (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). PLoS One 2014. [PMID: 24932524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf-color is an effective marker to identify the hybridization of rice. Leaf-color related genes function in chloroplast development and the photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis of higher plants. The ygl7 (yellow-green leaf 7) is a mutant with spontaneous yellow-green leaf phenotype across the whole lifespan but with no change to its yield traits. We cloned gene Ygl7 (Os03g59640) which encodes a magnesium-chelatase ChlD protein. Expression of ygl7 turns green-leaves to yellow, whereas RNAi-mediated silence of Ygl7 causes a lethal phenotype of the transgenic plants. This indicates the importance of the gene for rice plant. On the other hand, it corroborates that ygl7 is a non-null mutants. The content of photosynthetic pigment is lower in Ygl7 than the wild type, but its light efficiency was comparatively high. All these results indicated that the mutational YGL7 protein does not cause a complete loss of original function but instead acts as a new protein performing a new function. This new function partially includes its preceding function and possesses an additional feature to promote photosynthesis. Chl1, Ygl98, and Ygl3 are three alleles of the OsChlD gene that have been documented previously. However, mutational sites of OsChlD mutant gene and their encoded protein products were different in the three mutants. The three mutants have suppressed grain output. In our experiment, plant materials of three mutants (ygl7, chl1, and ygl98) all exhibited mutational leaf-color during the whole growth period. This result was somewhat different from previous studies. We used ygl7 as female crossed with chl1 and ygl98, respectively. Both the F1 and F2 generation display yellow-green leaf phenotype with their chlorophyll and carotenoid content falling between the values of their parents. Moreover, we noted an important phenomenon: ygl7-NIL's leaf-color is yellow, not yellowy-green, and this is also true of all back-crossed offspring with ygl7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-juan Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-qing Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-ling Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-feng Shu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Plant Preservation, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-huai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-liang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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