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Yang X, Meng L, Lin X, Jiang HY, Hu XP, Li CF. Role of Elm1, Tos3, and Sak1 Protein Kinases in the Maltose Metabolism of Baker's Yeast. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:665261. [PMID: 34140941 PMCID: PMC8204090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.665261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose repression is a key regulatory system controlling the metabolism of non-glucose carbon source in yeast. Glucose represses the utilization of maltose, the most abundant fermentable sugar in lean dough and wort, thereby negatively affecting the fermentation efficiency and product quality of pasta products and beer. In this study, the focus was on the role of three kinases, Elm1, Tos3, and Sak1, in the maltose metabolism of baker’s yeast in lean dough. The results suggested that the three kinases played different roles in the regulation of the maltose metabolism of baker’s yeast with differential regulations on MAL genes. Elm1 was necessary for the maltose metabolism of baker’s yeast in maltose and maltose-glucose, and the overexpression of ELM1 could enhance the maltose metabolism and lean dough fermentation ability by upregulating the transcription of MALx1 (x is the locus) in maltose and maltose-glucose and MALx2 in maltose. The native level of TOS3 and SAK1 was essential for yeast cells to adapt glucose repression, but the overexpression of TOS3 and SAK1 alone repressed the expression of MALx1 in maltose-glucose and MALx2 in maltose. Moreover, the three kinases might regulate the maltose metabolism via the Snf1-parallel pathways with a carbon source-dependent manner. These results, for the first time, suggested that Elm1, rather than Tos3 and Sak1, might be the dominant regulator in the maltose metabolism of baker’s yeast. These findings provided knowledge about the glucose repression of maltose and gave a new perspective for breeding industrial yeasts with rapid maltose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lu Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, Haikou, China
| | - Huan-Yuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, Haikou, China
| | - Cong-Fa Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Haikou, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food, Haikou, China
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The regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Snf1 protein kinase on glucose utilization is in a glucose-dependent manner. Curr Genet 2021; 67:245-248. [PMID: 33385241 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases is the major regulatory mechanism that controls many cellular processes. The regulatory mechanism of one protein kinase in different signals is distinguished, probably inducing multiple phenotypes. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Snf1 protein kinase, a member of the AMP‑activated protein kinase family, plays important roles in the response to nutrition and environmental stresses. Glucose is an important nutrient for life activities of cells, but glucose repression and osmotic pressure could be produced at certain concentrations. To deeply understand the role of Snf1 in the regulation of nutrient metabolism and stress response of S. cerevisiae cells, the role and the regulatory mechanism of Snf1 in glucose metabolism are discussed in different level of glucose: below 1% (glucose derepression status), in 2% (glucose repression status), and in 30% glucose (1.66 M, an osmotic equivalent to 0.83 M NaCl). In summary, Snf1 regulates glucose metabolism in a glucose-dependent manner, which is associated with the different regulation on activation, localization, and signal pathways of Snf1 by varied glucose. Exploring the regulatory mechanism of Snf1 in glucose metabolism in different concentrations of glucose can provide insights into the study of the global regulatory mechanism of Snf1 in yeast and can help to better understand the complexity of physiological response of cells to stresses.
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Ito Y, Miyazaki T, Tanaka Y, Suematsu T, Nakayama H, Morita A, Hirayama T, Tashiro M, Takazono T, Saijo T, Shimamura S, Yamamoto K, Imamura Y, Izumikawa K, Yanagihara K, Kohno S, Mukae H. Roles of Elm1 in antifungal susceptibility and virulence in Candida glabrata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9789. [PMID: 32555245 PMCID: PMC7299981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elm1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple cellular functions, including cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, its roles in pathogenic fungi have not been reported. In this study, we created ELM1-deletion, ELM1-reconstituted, ELM1-overexpression, and ELM1-kinase-dead strains in the clinically important fungal pathogen Candida glabrata and investigated the roles of Elm1 in cell morphology, stress response, and virulence. The elm1Δ strain showed elongated morphology and a thicker cell wall, with analyses of cell-wall components revealing that this strain exhibited significantly increased chitin content relative to that in the wild-type and ELM1-overexpression strains. Although the elm1Δ strain exhibited slower growth than the other two strains, as well as increased sensitivity to high temperature and cell-wall-damaging agents, it showed increased virulence in a Galleria mellonella-infection model. Moreover, loss of Elm1 resulted in increased adhesion to agar plates and epithelial cells, which represent important virulence factors in C. glabrata. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed that expression levels of 30 adhesion-like genes were elevated in the elm1Δ strain. Importantly, all these functions were mediated by the kinase activity of Elm1. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the functional characterization of Elm1 in pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taiga Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Tanaka
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suematsu
- Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hironobu Nakayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Saijo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Shimamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Imamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Zhang Z, Zhang W, Bi Y, Han Y, Zong Y, Prusky D. Cuminal Inhibits Trichothecium roseum Growth by Triggering Cell Starvation: Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E256. [PMID: 32075192 PMCID: PMC7074788 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichothecium roseum is a harmful postharvest fungus causing serious damage, together with the secretion of insidious mycotoxins, on apples, melons, and other important fruits. Cuminal, a predominant component of Cuminum cyminum essential oil has proven to successfully inhibit the growth of T. roseum in vitro and in vivo. Electron microscopic observations revealed cuminal exposure impaired the fungal morphology and ultrastructure, particularly the plasmalemma. Transcriptome and proteome analysis was used to investigate the responses of T. roseum to exposure of cuminal. In total, 2825 differentially expressed transcripts (1516 up and 1309 down) and 225 differentially expressed proteins (90 up and 135 down) were determined. Overall, notable parts of these differentially expressed genes functionally belong to subcellular localities of the membrane system and cytosol, along with ribosomes, mitochondria and peroxisomes. According to the localization analysis and the biological annotation of these genes, carbohydrate and lipids metabolism, redox homeostasis, and asexual reproduction were among the most enriched gene ontology (GO) terms. Biological pathway enrichment analysis showed that lipids and amino acid degradation, ATP-binding cassette transporters, membrane reconstitution, mRNA surveillance pathway and peroxisome were elevated, whereas secondary metabolite biosynthesis, cell cycle, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were down regulated. Further integrated omics analysis showed that cuminal exposure first impaired the polarity of the cytoplasmic membrane and then triggered the reconstitution and dysfunction of fungal plasmalemma, resulting in handicapped nutrient procurement of the cells. Consequently, fungal cells showed starvation stress with limited carbohydrate metabolism, resulting a metabolic shift to catabolism of the cell's own components in response to the stress. Additionally, these predicaments brought about oxidative stress, which, in collaboration with the starvation, damaged certain critical organelles such as mitochondria. Such degeneration, accompanied by energy deficiency, suppressed the biosynthesis of essential proteins and inhibited fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The 12 Volcani Center, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel
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Fujita KI, Ishikura T, Jono Y, Yamaguchi Y, Ogita A, Kubo I, Tanaka T. Anethole potentiates dodecanol's fungicidal activity by reducing PDR5 expression in budding yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:477-484. [PMID: 27632201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND trans-Anethole (anethole), a major component of anise oil, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a weaker antimicrobial potency than other available antibiotics. When combined with polygodial, nagilactone E, and n-dodecanol, anethole has been shown to exhibit synergistic antifungal activity against a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a human opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. However, the mechanism underlying this synergistic effect of anethole has not been characterized. METHODS We studied this mechanism using dodecanol-treated S. cerevisiae cells and focusing on genes related to multidrug efflux. RESULTS Although dodecanol transiently reduced the number of colony forming units, this recovered to levels similar to those of untreated cells with continued incubation beyond 24h. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed overexpression of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene, PDR5, in addition to a slight increase in PDR11, PDR12, and PDR15 transcriptions in dodecanol-treated cells. In the presence of anethole, these effects were attenuated and the fungicidal activity of dodecanol was extended. Dodecanol showed longer lasting fungicidal activity against a Δpdr5. In addition, Δpdr3 and Δlge1, lack transcription factors of PDR5 and PDR3, were partly and completely susceptible to dodecanol, respectively. Furthermore, combination of anethole with fluconazole was also found to exhibit synergy on C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that although anethole reduced the transcription of several transporters, PDR5 expression was particularly relevant to dodecanol efflux. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Anethole is expected to be a promising candidate drug for the inhibition of efflux by reducing the transcription of several ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ishikura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Jono
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Ogita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku,Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Kubo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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Tonigold M, Rossmann A, Meinold M, Bette M, Märken M, Henkenius K, Bretz AC, Giel G, Cai C, Rodepeter FR, Beneš V, Grénman R, Carey TE, Lage H, Stiewe T, Neubauer A, Werner JA, Brendel C, Mandic R. A cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cell line with cytoplasmic p53(mut) exhibits ATP-binding cassette transporter upregulation and high glutathione levels. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1689-704. [PMID: 24913304 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines with cytoplasmically sequestered mutant p53 (p53(mut_c)) are frequently more resistant to cisplatin (CDDP) than cells with mutant but nuclear p53 (p53(mut_n)). The aim of the study was to identify underlying mechanisms implicated in CDDP resistance of HNSCC cells carrying cytoplasmic p53(mut). METHODS Microarray analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry were used to identify and evaluate candidate genes involved in CDDP resistance of p53(mut_c) cells. RNAi knockdown or treatment with inhibitors together with flow cytometry-based methods was used for functional assessment of the identified candidate genes. Cellular metabolic activity was assessed with the XTT assay, and the redox capacity of cells was evaluated by measuring cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. RESULTS Upregulation of ABCC2 and ABCG2 transporters was observed in CDDP-resistant p53(mut_c) HNSCC cells. Furthermore, p53(mut_c) cells exhibited a pronounced side population that could be suppressed by RNAi knockdown of ABCG2 as well as treatment with the ATP-binding-cassette transporter inhibitors imatinib, MK571 and tariquidar. Metabolic activity and cellular GSH levels were higher in CDDP-resistant p53(mut_c) cells, consistent with a higher capacity to fend off cytotoxic oxidative effects such as those caused by CDDP treatment. Finally, ABCC2/G2 inhibition of HNSCC cells with MK571 markedly enhanced CDDP sensitivity of HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The observations in this study point to a major role of p53(mut_c) in conferring a stem cell like phenotype to HNSCC cells that is associated with ABCC2/G2 overexpression, high GSH and metabolic activity levels as well as CDDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tonigold
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany
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7
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Porcu G, Parsons AB, Di Giandomenico D, Lucisano G, Mosca MG, Boone C, Ragnini-Wilson A. Combined p21-activated kinase and farnesyltransferase inhibitor treatment exhibits enhanced anti-proliferative activity on melanoma, colon and lung cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:88. [PMID: 23915247 PMCID: PMC3765434 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) are anticancer agents with a spectrum of activity in Ras-dependent and independent tumor cellular and xenograph models. How inhibition of protein farnesylation by FTIs results in reduced cancer cell proliferation is poorly understood due to the multiplicity of potential FTase targets. The low toxicity and oral availability of FTIs led to their introduction into clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer, hematopoietic malignancy, advanced solid tumor and pancreatic cancer treatment, and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Although their efficacy in combinatorial therapies with conventional anticancer treatment for myeloid malignancy and solid tumors is promising, the overall results of clinical tests are far below expectations. Further exploitation of FTIs in the clinic will strongly rely on understanding how these drugs affect global cellular activity. Methods Using FTase inhibitor I and genome-wide chemical profiling of the yeast barcoded deletion strain collection, we identified genes whose inactivation increases the antiproliferative action of this FTI peptidomimetic. The main findings were validated in a panel of cancer cell lines using FTI-277 in proliferation and biochemical assays paralleled by multiparametric image-based analyses. Results ABC transporter Pdr10 or p-21 activated kinase (PAK) gene deletion increases the antiproliferative action of FTase inhibitor I in yeast cells. Consistent with this, enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation by combining group I PAK inhibition, using IPA3, with FTI-277 was observed in melanoma (A375MM), lung (A549) and colon (HT29), but not in epithelial (HeLa) or breast (MCF7), cancer cell lines. Both HeLa and A375MM cells show changes in the nuclear localization of group 1 PAKs in response to FTI-277, but up-regulation of PAK protein levels is observed only in HeLa cells. Conclusions Our data support the view that group I PAKs are part of a pro-survival pathway activated by FTI treatment, and group I PAK inactivation potentiates the anti-proliferative action of FTIs in yeast as well as in cancer cells. These findings open new perspectives for the use of FTIs in combinatorial strategies with PAK inhibitors in melanoma, lung and colon malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Porcu
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S, Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Barabote RD, Thekkiniath J, Strauss RE, Vediyappan G, Fralick JA, San Francisco MJ. Xenobiotic efflux in bacteria and fungi: a genomics update. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 77:237-306. [PMID: 21692371 DOI: 10.1002/9780470920541.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi D Barabote
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Overexpression of SNG1 causes 6-azauracil resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2010; 56:251-63. [PMID: 20424846 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-010-0297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of 6AU, a growth inhibitor for many microorganisms causing depletion of intracellular nucleotide pools of GTP and UTP, is not well understood. To gain insight into the mechanisms leading to 6AU resistance, and in an attempt to uncover novel genes required for this resistance, we undertook a high-copy-number suppressor screening to identify genes whose overexpression could repair the 6AU(S) growth defect caused by rpb1 mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified SNG1 as a multicopy suppressor of the 6AU(S) growth defect caused by the S. cerevisiae rpb1 mutant. The mechanism by which Sng1 causes 6AU resistance is independent of the transcriptional elongation and of the nucleotide-pool regulation through Imd2 and Ura2, as well as of the Ssm1-mediated 6AU detoxification. This resistance to 6AU is not extended to other uracil analogues, such as 5-fluorouracil, 5FU. In addition, our results suggest that 6AU enters S. cerevisiae cells through the uracil permease Fur4. Our results demonstrate that Sng1 is localised in the plasma membrane and evidence SNG1 and FUR4 genes as determinants of resistance and susceptibility to this inhibitory compound, respectively. Taken together, these results show new mechanisms involved in the resistance and susceptibility to 6AU.
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Westmoreland TJ, Wickramasekara SM, Guo AY, Selim AL, Winsor TS, Greenleaf AL, Blackwell KL, Olson JA, Marks JR, Bennett CB. Comparative genome-wide screening identifies a conserved doxorubicin repair network that is diploid specific in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5830. [PMID: 19503795 PMCID: PMC2688081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) induces DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage. In order to identify conserved genes that mediate DOX resistance, we screened the Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid deletion collection and identified 376 deletion strains in which exposure to DOX was lethal or severely reduced growth fitness. This diploid screen identified 5-fold more DOX resistance genes than a comparable screen using the isogenic haploid derivative. Since DSB damage is repaired primarily by homologous recombination in yeast, and haploid cells lack an available DNA homolog in G1 and early S phase, this suggests that our diploid screen may have detected the loss of repair functions in G1 or early S phase prior to complete DNA replication. To test this, we compared the relative DOX sensitivity of 30 diploid deletion mutants identified under our screening conditions to their isogenic haploid counterpart, most of which (n = 26) were not detected in the haploid screen. For six mutants (bem1Delta, ctf4Delta, ctk1Delta, hfi1Delta,nup133Delta, tho2Delta) DOX-induced lethality was absent or greatly reduced in the haploid as compared to the isogenic diploid derivative. Moreover, unlike WT, all six diploid mutants displayed severe G1/S phase cell cycle progression defects when exposed to DOX and some were significantly enhanced (ctk1Delta and hfi1Delta) or deficient (tho2Delta) for recombination. Using these and other "THO2-like" hypo-recombinogenic, diploid-specific DOX sensitive mutants (mft1Delta, thp1Delta, thp2Delta) we utilized known genetic/proteomic interactions to construct an interactive functional genomic network which predicted additional DOX resistance genes not detected in the primary screen. Most (76%) of the DOX resistance genes detected in this diploid yeast screen are evolutionarily conserved suggesting the human orthologs are candidates for mediating DOX resistance by impacting on checkpoint and recombination functions in G1 and/or early S phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy J. Westmoreland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sajith M. Wickramasekara
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew Y. Guo
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alice L. Selim
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tiffany S. Winsor
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Arno L. Greenleaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimberly L. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John A. Olson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Marks
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Craig B. Bennett
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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New high-throughput screening assay to reveal similarities and differences in inhibitory sensitivities of multidrug ATP-binding cassette transporters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1516-27. [PMID: 19188399 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00956-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdr1p is the major ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporter conferring resistance to azoles and other antifungals in Candida albicans. In this study, the identification of new Cdr1p inhibitors by use of a newly developed high-throughput fluorescence-based assay is reported. The assay also allowed monitoring of the activity and inhibition of the related transporters Pdr5p and Snq2p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which made it possible to compare its performance with those of previously established procedures. A high sensitivity, resulting from a wide dynamic range, was achieved upon high-level expression of the Cdr1p, Pdr5p, and Snq2p transporters in an S. cerevisiae strain in which the endogenous interfering activities were further reduced by genetic manipulation. An analysis of a set of therapeutically used and newly synthesized phenothiazine derivatives revealed different pharmacological profiles for Cdr1p, Pdr5p, and Snq2p. All transporters showed similar sensitivities to M961 inhibition. In contrast, Cdr1p was less sensitive to inhibition by fluphenazine, whereas phenothiazine selectively inhibited Snq2p. The inhibition potencies measured by the new assay reflected the ability of the compounds to potentiate the antifungal effect of ketoconazole (KTC), which was detoxified by the overproduced transporters. They also correlated with the 50% inhibitory concentration for inhibition of Pdr5p-mediated transport of rhodamine 6G in isolated plasma membranes. The most active derivative, M961, potentiated the activity of KTC against an azole-resistant CDR1-overexpressing C. albicans isolate.
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Borecka-Melkusova S, Kozovska Z, Hikkel I, Dzugasova V, Subik J. RPD3 and ROM2 are required for multidrug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2008; 8:414-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Golin J, Ambudkar SV, May L. The yeast Pdr5p multidrug transporter: How does it recognize so many substrates? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:1-5. [PMID: 17316560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug transporters are of considerable importance because they present problems in the treatment of infectious disease and cancer. A central issue is the ability of efflux pumps to recognize an astounding array of structurally diverse compounds. The yeast Pdr5p efflux pump, which is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily, has at least 3 substrate-binding sites, each of which appears to use different chemical properties to transport compounds. All Pdr5p substrates, however, have a size requirement that is independent of hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Golin
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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Fardeau V, Lelandais G, Oldfield A, Salin HN, Lemoine S, Garcia M, Tanty V, Le Crom S, Jacq C, Devaux F. The central role of PDR1 in the foundation of yeast drug resistance. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:5063-5074. [PMID: 17158869 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610197200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) phenomenon is well described as the long term selection of genetic variants expressing constitutively high levels of membrane transporters involved in drug efflux. However, the transcriptional cascades leading to the PDR phenotype in wild-type cells are largely unknown, and the first steps of this phenomenon are poorly understood. We investigated the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the establishment of an efficient PDR response in budding yeast. We show that within a few minutes of drug sensing yeast elicits an effective PDR response, involving tens of PDR genes. This early PDR response (ePDR) is highly dependent on the Pdr1p transcription factor, which is also one of the major genetic determinants of long term PDR acquisition. The activity of Pdr1p in early drug response is not drug-specific, as two chemically unrelated drugs, benomyl and fluphenazine, elicit identical, Pdr1p-dependent, ePDR patterns. Our data also demonstrate that Pdr1p is an original stress response factor, the DNA binding properties of which do not depend on the presence of drugs. Thus, Pdr1p is a promoter-resident regulator involved in both basal expression and rapid drug-dependent induction of PDR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Fardeau
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Gaëlle Lelandais
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Andrew Oldfield
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Héle Ne Salin
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Sophie Lemoine
- Plate-forme Transcriptome IFR36, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Mathilde Garcia
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Véronique Tanty
- Plate-forme Transcriptome IFR36, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphane Le Crom
- Plate-forme Transcriptome IFR36, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Développement, INSERM U368, and the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Claude Jacq
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; Plate-forme Transcriptome IFR36, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Frédéric Devaux
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
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