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Stone A, Cujic O, Rowlett A, Aderhold S, Savage E, Graham B, Steinert JR. Triose-phosphate isomerase deficiency is associated with a dysregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1124061. [PMID: 36926383 PMCID: PMC10011161 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are associated with neuronal dysfunction caused by increased redox stress, often linked to aberrant production of redox-active molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) or oxygen free radicals. One such protein affected by redox-mediated changes is the glycolytic enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI), which has been shown to undergo 3-nitrotyrosination (a NO-mediated post-translational modification) rendering it inactive. The resulting neuronal changes caused by this modification are not well understood. However, associated glycation-induced cytotoxicity has been reported, thus potentially causing neuronal and synaptic dysfunction via compromising synaptic vesicle recycling. Methods This work uses Drosophila melanogaster to identify the impacts of altered TPI activity on neuronal physiology, linking aberrant TPI function and redox stress to neuronal defects. We used Drosophila mutants expressing a missense allele of the TPI protein, M81T, identified in a previous screen and resulting in an inactive mutant of the TPI protein (TPIM81T , wstd1). We assessed synaptic physiology at the glutamatergic Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ), synapse morphology and behavioural phenotypes, as well as impacts on longevity. Results Electrophysiological recordings of evoked and spontaneous excitatory junctional currents, alongside high frequency train stimulations and recovery protocols, were applied to investigate synaptic depletion and subsequent recovery. Single synaptic currents were unaltered in the presence of the wstd1 mutation, but frequencies of spontaneous events were reduced. Wstd1 larvae also showed enhanced vesicle depletion rates at higher frequency stimulation, and subsequent recovery times for evoked synaptic responses were prolonged. A computational model showed that TPI mutant larvae exhibited a significant decline in activity-dependent vesicle recycling, which manifests itself as increased recovery times for the readily-releasable vesicle pool. Confocal images of NMJs showed no morphological or developmental differences between wild-type and wstd1 but TPI mutants exhibited learning impairments as assessed by olfactory associative learning assays. Discussion Our data suggests that the wstd1 phenotype is partially due to altered vesicle dynamics, involving a reduced vesicle pool replenishment, and altered endo/exocytosis processes. This may result in learning and memory impairments and neuronal dysfunction potentially also presenting a contributing factor to other reported neuronal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aelfwin Stone
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Cujic
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Angel Rowlett
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Aderhold
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Savage
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Graham
- Division of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Joern R Steinert
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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2
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Myers TD, Ferguson C, Gliniak E, Homanics GE, Palladino MJ. Murine model of triosephosphate isomerase deficiency with anemia and severe neuromuscular dysfunction. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100062. [PMID: 36405628 PMCID: PMC9673098 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency (TPI Df) is a rare, aggressive genetic disease that typically affects young children and currently has no established treatment. TPI Df is characterized by hemolytic anemia, progressive neuromuscular degeneration, and a markedly reduced lifespan. The disease has predominately been studied using invertebrate and in vitro models, which lack key aspects of the human disease. While other groups have generated mammalian Tpi1 mutant strains, specifically with the mouse mus musculus, these do not recapitulate key characteristic phenotypes of the human disease. Reported here is the generation of a novel murine model of TPI Df. CRISPR-Cas9 was utilized to engineer the most common human disease-causing mutation, Tpi1 E105D , and Tpi1 null mice were also isolated as a frame-shifting deletion. Tpi1 E105D/null mice experience a markedly shortened lifespan, postural abnormalities consistent with extensive neuromuscular dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, pathological changes in spleen, and decreased body weight. There is a ∼95% reduction in TPI protein levels in Tpi1 E105D/null animals compared to wild-type littermates, consistent with decreased TPI protein stability, a known cause of TPI Df. This work illustrates the capability of Tpi1 E105D/null mice to serve as a mammalian model of human TPI Df. This work will allow for advancement in the study of TPI Df within a model with physiology similar to humans. The development of the model reported here will enable mechanistic studies of disease pathogenesis and, importantly, efficacy testing in a mammalian system for emerging TPI Df treatments.
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Key Words
- CRISPR
- DHAP, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- G3P, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- Genetics
- Glycolysis
- Hct, Hematocrit
- Hgb, Hemoglobin
- Hsp70, Heat shock protein 70
- Hsp90, Heat shock protein 90
- MCV, Mean Corpuscular Volume
- Metabolism
- RNAi, RNA interference
- TPI Deficiency
- TPI Df, Triosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency
- TPI, Triosephosphate Isomerase
- Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)
- UTR, Untranslated Region
- WT, Wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey D. Myers
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Ferguson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Preoperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric Gliniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregg E. Homanics
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Preoperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J. Palladino
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Jin X, Wang D, Lei M, Guo Y, Cui Y, Chen F, Sun W, Chen X. TPI1 activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to induce breast cancer progression by stabilizing CDCA5. J Transl Med 2022; 20:191. [PMID: 35509067 PMCID: PMC9066866 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), as a key glycolytic enzyme, is upregulated in multiple cancers. However, expression profile and regulatory mechanism of TPI1 in breast cancer (BRCA) remain mysterious. Methods Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were used to investigate the expression of TPI1 in BRCA specimens and cell lines. TPI1 correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 362 BRCA patients was analyzed using a tissue microarray. Overexpression and knockdown function experiments in cells and mice models were performed to elucidate the function and mechanisms of TPI1-induced BRCA progression. Related molecular mechanisms were clarified using co-IP, IF, mass spectrometric analysis, and ubiquitination assay. Results We have found TPI1 is highly expressed in BRCA tissue and cell lines, acting as an independent indicator for prognosis in BRCA patients. TPI1 promotes BRCA cell glycolysis, proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TPI1 activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway to regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and aerobic glycolysis, which is positively mediated by cell division cycle associated 5 (CDCA5). Moreover, TPI1 interacts with sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)/P62, and P62 decreases the protein expression of TPI1 by promoting its ubiquitination in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions TPI1 promotes BRCA progression by stabilizing CDCA5, which then activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. P62 promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation of TPI1. Collectively, TPI1 promotes tumor development and progression, which may serve as a therapeutic target for BRCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03370-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jin
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Mengxia Lei
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yan Guo
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fengzhi Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xuesong Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China.
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4
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VanDemark AP, Hrizo SL, Eicher SL, Kowalski J, Myers TD, Pfeifer MR, Riley KN, Koeberl DD, Palladino MJ. Itavastatin and resveratrol increase triosephosphate isomerase protein in a newly identified variant of TPI deficiency. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274792. [PMID: 35315486 PMCID: PMC9150114 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency (TPI Df) is an untreatable glycolytic enzymopathy that results in hemolytic anemia, progressive muscular impairment and irreversible brain damage. Although there is a ‘common’ mutation (TPIE105D), other pathogenic mutations have been described. We identified patients who were compound heterozygous for a newly described mutation, TPIQ181P, and the common TPIE105D mutation. Intriguingly, these patients lacked neuropathy or cognitive impairment. We then initiated biochemical and structural studies of TPIQ181P. Surprisingly, we found that purified TPIQ181P protein had markedly impaired catalytic properties whereas crystallographic studies demonstrated that the TPIQ181P mutation resulted in a highly disordered catalytic lid. We propose that genetic complementation occurs between the two alleles, one with little activity (TPIQ181P) and one with low stability (TPIE105D). Consistent with this, TPIQ181P/E105D fibroblasts exhibit a significant reduction in the TPI protein. These data suggest that impaired stability, and not catalytic activity, is a better predictor of TPI Df severity. Lastly, we tested two recently discovered chemical modulators of mutant TPI stability, itavastatin and resveratrol, and observed a significant increase in TPI in TPIQ181P/E105D patient cells. Summary: A newly identified triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) variant (TPIQ181P) confers TPI deficiency, suggests a molecular and genetic model for its pathogenesis, and the potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P VanDemark
- Biological Sciences and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stacy L Hrizo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, USA
| | - Samantha L Eicher
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jules Kowalski
- Biological Sciences and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Tracey D Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Megan R Pfeifer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kacie N Riley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dwight D Koeberl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael J Palladino
- Biological Sciences and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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5
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Vogt A, Eicher SL, Myers TD, Hrizo SL, Vollmer LL, Meyer EM, Palladino MJ. A High-Content Screening Assay for Small Molecules That Stabilize Mutant Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TPI) as Treatments for TPI Deficiency. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:1029-1039. [PMID: 34167376 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211018198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency (TPI Df) is an untreatable, childhood-onset glycolytic enzymopathy. Patients typically present with frequent infections, anemia, and muscle weakness that quickly progresses with severe neuromusclar dysfunction requiring aided mobility and often respiratory support. Life expectancy after diagnosis is typically ~5 years. There are several described pathogenic mutations that encode functional proteins; however, these proteins, which include the protein resulting from the "common" TPIE105D mutation, are unstable due to active degradation by protein quality control (PQC) pathways. Previous work has shown that elevating mutant TPI levels by genetic or pharmacological intervention can ameliorate symptoms of TPI Df in fruit flies. To identify compounds that increase levels of mutant TPI, we have developed a human embryonic kidney (HEK) stable knock-in model expressing the common TPI Df protein fused with green fluorescent protein (HEK TPIE105D-GFP). To directly address the need for lead TPI Df therapeutics, these cells were developed into an optical drug discovery platform that was implemented for high-throughput screening (HTS) and validated in 3-day variability tests, meeting HTS standards. We initially used this assay to screen the 446-member National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Collection and validated two of the hits in dose-response, by limited structure-activity relationship studies with a small number of analogs, and in an orthogonal, non-optical assay in patient fibroblasts. The data form the basis for a large-scale phenotypic screening effort to discover compounds that stabilize TPI as treatments for this devastating childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Vogt
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samantha L Eicher
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tracey D Myers
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy L Hrizo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, PA, USA
| | - Laura L Vollmer
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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6
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Hrizo SL, Eicher SL, Myers TD, McGrath I, Wodrich APK, Venkatesh H, Manjooran D, Swoger S, Gagnon K, Bruskin M, Lebedev MV, Zheng S, Vitantonio A, Kim S, Lamb ZJ, Vogt A, Ruzhnikov MRZ, Palladino MJ. Identification of protein quality control regulators using a Drosophila model of TPI deficiency. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105299. [PMID: 33600953 PMCID: PMC7993632 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency (Df) is a rare recessive metabolic disorder that manifests as hemolytic anemia, locomotor impairment, and progressive neurodegeneration. Research suggests that TPI Df mutations, including the "common" TPIE105Dmutation, result in reduced TPI protein stability that appears to underlie disease pathogenesis. Drosophila with the recessive TPIsugarkill allele (a.k.a. sgk or M81T) exhibit progressive locomotor impairment, neuromuscular impairment and reduced longevity, modeling the human disorder. TPIsugarkill produces a functional protein that is degraded by the proteasome. Molecular chaperones, such as Hsp70 and Hsp90, have been shown to contribute to the regulation of TPIsugarkill degradation. In addition, stabilizing the mutant protein through chaperone modulation results in improved TPI deficiency phenotypes. To identify additional regulators of TPIsugarkill degradation, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen that targeted known and predicted quality control proteins in the cell to identify novel factors that modulate TPIsugarkill turnover. Of the 430 proteins screened, 25 regulators of TPIsugarkill were identified. Interestingly, 10 proteins identified were novel, previously undescribed Drosophila proteins. Proteins involved in co-translational protein quality control and ribosome function were also isolated in the screen, suggesting that TPIsugarkill may undergo co-translational selection for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation as a nascent polypeptide. The proteins identified in this study may reveal novel pathways for the degradation of a functional, cytosolic protein by the ubiquitin proteasome system and define therapeutic pathways for TPI Df and other biomedically important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Hrizo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, USA
| | - Samantha L Eicher
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tracey D Myers
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ian McGrath
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew P K Wodrich
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hemanth Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel Manjooran
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sabrina Swoger
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kim Gagnon
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Matthew Bruskin
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria V Lebedev
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sherry Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ana Vitantonio
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sungyoun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zachary J Lamb
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andreas Vogt
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maura R Z Ruzhnikov
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael J Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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7
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Collett CF, Morphew RM, Timson D, Phillips HC, Brophy PM. Pilot Evaluation of Two Fasciola hepatica Biomarkers for Supporting Triclabendazole (TCBZ) Efficacy Diagnostics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153477. [PMID: 32751696 PMCID: PMC7435721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica, the causative agent of fasciolosis, is a global threat to public health, animal welfare, agricultural productivity, and food security. In the ongoing absence of a commercial vaccine, independent emergences of anthelmintic-resistant parasite populations worldwide are threatening the sustainability of the few flukicides presently available, and particularly triclabendazole (TCBZ) as the drug of choice. Consequently, prognoses for future fasciolosis control and sustained TCBZ application necessitate improvements in diagnostic tools to identify anthelmintic efficacy. Previously, we have shown that proteomic fingerprinting of F. hepatica excretory/secretory (ES) products offered new biomarkers associated with in vitro TCBZ-sulfoxide (SO) recovery or death. In the current paper, two of these biomarkers (calreticulin (CRT) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)) were recombinantly expressed and evaluated to measure TCBZ efficacy via a novel approach to decipher fluke molecular phenotypes independently of molecular parasite resistance mechanism(s), which are still not fully characterised or understood. Our findings confirmed the immunoreactivity and diagnostic potential of the present target antigens by sera from TCBZ-susceptible (TCBZ-S) and TCBZ-resistant (TCBZ-R) F. hepatica experimentally infected sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare F. Collett
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (R.M.M.); (H.C.P.); (P.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Russell M. Morphew
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (R.M.M.); (H.C.P.); (P.M.B.)
| | - David Timson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK;
| | - Helen C. Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (R.M.M.); (H.C.P.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Peter M. Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (R.M.M.); (H.C.P.); (P.M.B.)
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8
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Roland BP, Richards KR, Hrizo SL, Eicher S, Barile ZJ, Chang TC, Savon G, Bianchi P, Fermo E, Ricerca BM, Tortorolo L, Vockley J, VanDemark AP, Palladino MJ. Missense variant in TPI1 (Arg189Gln) causes neurologic deficits through structural changes in the triosephosphate isomerase catalytic site and reduced enzyme levels in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2257-2266. [PMID: 31075491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) lead to a severe multisystem condition that is characterized by hemolytic anemia, a weakened immune system, and significant neurologic symptoms such as seizures, distal neuropathy, and intellectual disability. No effective therapy is available. Here we report a compound heterozygous patient with a novel TPI pathogenic variant (NM_000365.5:c.569G>A:p.(Arg189Gln)) in combination with the common (NM_000365.5:c.315G>C:p.(Glu104Asp)) allele. We characterized the novel variant by mutating the homologous Arg in Drosophila using a genomic engineering system, demonstrating that missense mutations at this position cause a strong loss of function. Compound heterozygote animals were generated and exhibit motor behavioural deficits and markedly reduced protein levels. Furthermore, examinations of the TPIArg189Gln/TPIGlu104Asp patient fibroblasts confirmed the reduction of TPI levels, suggesting that Arg189Gln may also affect the stability of the protein. The Arg189 residue participates in two salt bridges on the backside of the TPI enzyme dimer, and we reveal that a mutation at this position alters the coordination of the substrate-binding site and important catalytic residues. Collectively, these data reveal a new human pathogenic variant associated with TPI deficiency, identify the Arg189 salt bridge as critical for organizing the catalytic site of the TPI enzyme, and demonstrates that reduced TPI levels are associated with human TPI deficiency. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, and suggest new therapeutic avenues for pre-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew P Roland
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristen R Richards
- Biological Sciences and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stacy L Hrizo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Biology, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, USA
| | - Samantha Eicher
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zackery J Barile
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tien-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Grace Savon
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Paola Bianchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UOC Ematologia, UOS Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Via F Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fermo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UOC Ematologia, UOS Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Via F Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Ricerca
- Hematology Institute, Universitary Hospital A. Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tortorolo
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Universitary Hospital A. Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Schools of Medicine and Public health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew P VanDemark
- Biological Sciences and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Michael J Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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9
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Olivares-Illana V, Riveros-Rosas H, Cabrera N, Tuena de Gómez-Puyou M, Pérez-Montfort R, Costas M, Gómez-Puyou A. A guide to the effects of a large portion of the residues of triosephosphate isomerase on catalysis, stability, druggability, and human disease. Proteins 2017; 85:1190-1211. [PMID: 28378917 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a ubiquitous enzyme, which appeared early in evolution. TIM is responsible for obtaining net ATP from glycolysis and producing an extra pyruvate molecule for each glucose molecule, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It is placed in a metabolic crossroad that allows a quick balance of the triose phosphate aldolase produced by glycolysis, and is also linked to lipid metabolism through the alternation of glycerol-3-phosphate and the pentose cycle. TIM is one of the most studied enzymes with more than 199 structures deposited in the PDB. The interest for this enzyme stems from the fact that it is involved in glycolysis, but also in aging, human diseases and metabolism. TIM has been a target in the search for chemical compounds against infectious diseases and is a model to study catalytic features. Until February 2017, 62% of all residues of the protein have been studied by mutagenesis and/or using other approaches. Here, we present a detailed and comprehensive recompilation of the reported effects on TIM catalysis, stability, druggability and human disease produced by each of the amino acids studied, contributing to a better understanding of the properties of this fundamental protein. The information reviewed here shows that the role of the noncatalytic residues depend on their molecular context, the delicate balance between the short and long-range interactions in concerted action determining the properties of the protein. Each protein should be regarded as a unique entity that has evolved to be functional in the organism to which it belongs. Proteins 2017; 85:1190-1211. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Olivares-Illana
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y Cáncer. Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78290, México
| | - Hector Riveros-Rosas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Marietta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Ruy Pérez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Miguel Costas
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Armando Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
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10
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Chen YY, Chan KM. Differential effects of metal ions on TCDD-induced cytotoxicity and cytochrome P4501A1 gene expression in a zebrafish liver (ZFL) cell-line. Metallomics 2016; 8:236-51. [PMID: 26612010 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trace metal ions and trace organic compounds are common co-contaminants in the environment that pose risks to human health. We evaluated the effects of four metal ions (As(3+), Cu(2+), Hg(2+), and Zn(2+)) on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced cytotoxicity and the expression of the cytochrome P4501A1 gene (cyp1a1) in the zebrafish liver (ZFL) cell line. A metal accumulation study showed that Cu and Zn did not accumulate in ZFL cells. However, As and Hg did accumulate, which resulted in the inhibition of TCDD-mediated induction of cyp1a1 mRNA and protein expression, and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity. A luciferase assay showed that both As(3+) and Hg(2+) inhibited the TCDD-induced activity of gene constructs containing either synthetic 3XRE or a distal cyp1a1 promoter region, implying that the decreased levels of TCDD-induced cyp1a1 were due to transcriptional effects. A proteomic study showed that the toxic effects of As(3+) might be due to changes in cellular metabolic processes, the cellular stimulation response and the cellular redox state in ZFL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Roland BP, Zeccola AM, Larsen SB, Amrich CG, Talsma AD, Stuchul KA, Heroux A, Levitan ES, VanDemark AP, Palladino MJ. Structural and Genetic Studies Demonstrate Neurologic Dysfunction in Triosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency Is Associated with Impaired Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005941. [PMID: 27031109 PMCID: PMC4816394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency is a poorly understood disease characterized by hemolytic anemia, cardiomyopathy, neurologic dysfunction, and early death. TPI deficiency is one of a group of diseases known as glycolytic enzymopathies, but is unique for its severe patient neuropathology and early mortality. The disease is caused by missense mutations and dysfunction in the glycolytic enzyme, TPI. Previous studies have detailed structural and catalytic changes elicited by disease-associated TPI substitutions, and samples of patient erythrocytes have yielded insight into patient hemolytic anemia; however, the neuropathophysiology of this disease remains a mystery. This study combines structural, biochemical, and genetic approaches to demonstrate that perturbations of the TPI dimer interface are sufficient to elicit TPI deficiency neuropathogenesis. The present study demonstrates that neurologic dysfunction resulting from TPI deficiency is characterized by synaptic vesicle dysfunction, and can be attenuated with catalytically inactive TPI. Collectively, our findings are the first to identify, to our knowledge, a functional synaptic defect in TPI deficiency derived from molecular changes in the TPI dimer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew P. Roland
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alison M. Zeccola
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Samantha B. Larsen
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher G. Amrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aaron D. Talsma
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A. Stuchul
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Annie Heroux
- Energy Sciences Directorate/Photon Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Edwin S. Levitan
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. VanDemark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Orlenko A, Hermansen RA, Liberles DA. Flux Control in Glycolysis Varies Across the Tree of Life. J Mol Evol 2016; 82:146-61. [PMID: 26920685 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-016-9731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical thought posits that rate-limiting steps (defined here as points of flux control) are strongly selected as points of pathway regulation and control and are thus expected to be evolutionarily conserved. Conversely, population genetic thought based upon the concepts of mutation-selection-drift balance at the pathway level might suggest variation in flux controlling steps over evolutionary time. Glycolysis, as one of the most conserved and best characterized pathways, was studied to evaluate its evolutionary conservation. The flux controlling step in glycolysis was found to vary over the tree of life. Further, phylogenetic analysis suggested at least 60 events of gene duplication and additional events of putative positive selection that might alter pathway kinetic properties. Together, these results suggest that even with presumed largely negative selection on pathway output on glycolysis, the co-evolutionary process under the hood is dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Orlenko
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational Genetics and Genomics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Russell A Hermansen
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational Genetics and Genomics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - David A Liberles
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational Genetics and Genomics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
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13
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Zhou J, Liao H, Li S, Zhou C, Huang Y, Li X, Liang C, Yu X. Molecular identification, immunolocalization, and characterization of Clonorchis sinensis triosephosphate isomerase. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3117-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Proteomic Analysis Reveals PGAM1 Altering cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Gland. Lipids 2015; 50:469-81. [PMID: 25820808 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is one of the most extensively studied CLA isomers due to its multiple isomer-specific effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of cis-9,trans-11 CLA synthesis in ruminant mammary gland are still not clearly understood. This process may be mediated, to a certain extent, by trans-11 C18:1 regulated by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and/or its syntrophic proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TVA on SCD1-mediated cis-9,trans-11 CLA synthesis in MAC-T cells and its potential molecular mechanism. Results showed that trans-11 C18:1 was continually taken up and converted into cis-9,trans-11 CLA in MAC-T cells during the 4-h incubation of 50 μM trans-11 C18:1. SCD1 protein expression increased more than twofold at 2 h (P < 0.01) and 2.5 h (P < 0.05) before decreasing to less than half of the normal level at 4 h (P < 0.05). One up-regulated (RAS guanyl releasing protein 4 isoform 1 [RASGRP4]) and six down-regulated proteins (glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1 [GNPDA1], triosephosphate isomerase [TPI1], phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [PGAM1], heat shock protein beta-1 [HSPB1], annexin A3 [ANXA3], thiopurine S-methyltransferase [TPMT]) were found in MAC-T cells treated with trans-11 C18:1. Of these seven identified proteins, the presence of GNPDA1 and PGAM1 was verified in several models. More trans-11 C18:1 was taken up after PGAM1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA). In conclusion, our data suggested that PGAM1 may have a negative relationship with SCD1 and seemed to be involved in cis-9, trans-11 CLA synthesis by facilitating the absorption of trans-11 C18:1 in the bovine mammary gland.
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15
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Giuliano S, Agresta AM, De Palma A, Viglio S, Mauri P, Fumagalli M, Iadarola P, Montalbetti L, Salvini R, Bardoni A. Proteomic analysis of lymphoblastoid cells from Nasu-Hakola patients: a step forward in our understanding of this neurodegenerative disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110073. [PMID: 25470616 PMCID: PMC4254282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD) is a recessively inherited rare disorder characterized by a combination of neuropsychiatric and bone symptoms which, while being unique to this disease, do not provide a rationale for the unambiguous identification of patients. These individuals, in fact, are likely to go unrecognized either because they are considered to be affected by other kinds of dementia or by fibrous dysplasia of bone. Given that dementia in NHD has much in common with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, it cannot be expected to achieve the differential diagnosis of this disease without performing a genetic analysis. Under this scenario, the availability of protein biomarkers would indeed provide a novel context to facilitate interpretation of symptoms and to make the precise identification of this disease possible. The work here reported was designed to generate, for the first time, protein profiles of lymphoblastoid cells from NHD patients. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) have been applied to all components of an Italian family (seven subjects) and to five healthy subjects included as controls. Comparative analyses revealed differences in the expression profile of 21 proteins involved in glucose metabolism and information pathways as well as in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Giuliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Laboratoire d'excellence-Ion channel science and therapeutics, UMR, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Anna Maria Agresta
- Institute for Biochemical Technologies, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, National Research Council, Segrate (Milano), Italy
| | - Antonella De Palma
- Institute for Biochemical Technologies, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, National Research Council, Segrate (Milano), Italy
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biochemical Technologies, Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, National Research Council, Segrate (Milano), Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Montalbetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Salvini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Bardoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Triosephosphate isomerase I170V alters catalytic site, enhances stability and induces pathology in a Drosophila model of TPI deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:61-9. [PMID: 25463631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is a glycolytic enzyme which homodimerizes for full catalytic activity. Mutations of the TPI gene elicit a disease known as TPI Deficiency, a glycolytic enzymopathy noted for its unique severity of neurological symptoms. Evidence suggests that TPI Deficiency pathogenesis may be due to conformational changes of the protein, likely affecting dimerization and protein stability. In this report, we genetically and physically characterize a human disease-associated TPI mutation caused by an I170V substitution. Human TPI(I170V) elicits behavioral abnormalities in Drosophila. An examination of hTPI(I170V) enzyme kinetics revealed this substitution reduced catalytic turnover, while assessments of thermal stability demonstrated an increase in enzyme stability. The crystal structure of the homodimeric I170V mutant reveals changes in the geometry of critical residues within the catalytic pocket. Collectively these data reveal new observations of the structural and kinetic determinants of TPI Deficiency pathology, providing new insights into disease pathogenesis.
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17
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Tajes M, Eraso-Pichot A, Rubio-Moscardó F, Guivernau B, Bosch-Morató M, Valls-Comamala V, Muñoz FJ. Methylglyoxal reduces mitochondrial potential and activates Bax and caspase-3 in neurons: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2014; 580:78-82. [PMID: 25102327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the oxidative stress generated from amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) aggregates. It produces protein nitrotyrosination, after the reaction with nitric oxide to form peroxynitrite, being triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) one of the most affected proteins. TPI is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Methylglyoxal (MG) is a by-product of TPI activity whose production is triggered when TPI is nitrotyrosinated. MG is harmful to cells because it glycates proteins. Here we found protein glycation when human neuroblastoma cells were treated with Aβ. Moreover glycation was also observed when neuroblastoma cells overexpressed mutated TPI where Tyr165 or Tyr209, the two tyrosines close to the catalytic center, were changed by Phe in order to mimic the effect of nitrotyrosination. The pathological relevance of these findings was studied by challenging cells with Aβ oligomers and MG. A significant decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, one of the first apoptotic events, was obtained. Therefore, increasing concentrations of MG were assayed searching for MG effect in neuronal apoptosis. We found a decrease of the protective Bcl2 and an increase of the proapoptotic caspase-3 and Bax levels. Our results suggest that MG is triggering apoptosis in neurons and it would play a key role in AD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tajes
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel Eraso-Pichot
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fanny Rubio-Moscardó
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biuse Guivernau
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bosch-Morató
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victòria Valls-Comamala
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Zinsser VL, Hoey EM, Trudgett A, Timson DJ. Biochemical characterisation of triose phosphate isomerase from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. Biochimie 2013; 95:2182-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Zinsser VL, Farnell E, Dunne DW, Timson DJ. Triose phosphate isomerase from the blood flukeSchistosoma mansoni: Biochemical characterisation of a potential drug and vaccine target. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3422-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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De La Mora-De La Mora I, Torres-Larios A, Mendoza-Hernández G, Enriquez-Flores S, Castillo-Villanueva A, Mendez ST, Garcia-Torres I, Torres-Arroyo A, Gómez-Manzo S, Marcial-Quino J, Oria-Hernández J, López-Velázquez G, Reyes-Vivas H. The E104D mutation increases the susceptibility of human triosephosphate isomerase to proteolysis. Asymmetric cleavage of the two monomers of the homodimeric enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2702-11. [PMID: 24056040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The deficiency of human triosephosphate isomerase (HsTIM) generates neurological alterations, cardiomyopathy and premature death. The mutation E104D is the most frequent cause of the disease. Although the wild type and mutant exhibit similar kinetic parameters, it has been shown that the E104D substitution induces perturbation of an interfacial water network that, in turn, reduces the association constant between subunits promoting enzyme inactivation. To gain further insight into the effects of the mutation on the structure, stability and function of the enzyme, we measured the sensitivity of recombinant E104D mutant and wild type HsTIM to limited proteolysis. The mutation increases the susceptibility to proteolysis as consequence of the loss of rigidity of its overall 3-D structure. Unexpectedly, it was observed that proteolysis of wild type HsTIM generated two different stable nicked dimers. One was formed in relatively short times of incubation with proteinase K; as shown by spectrometric and crystallographic data, it corresponded to a dimer containing a nicked monomer and an intact monomer. The formation of the other nicked species requires relatively long incubation times with proteinase K and corresponds to a dimer with two clipped subunits. The first species retains 50% of the original activity, whereas the second species is inactive. Collectively, we found that the E104D mutant is highly susceptible to proteolysis, which in all likelihood contributes to the pathogenesis of enzymopathy. In addition, the proteolysis data on wild type HsTIM illustrate an asymmetric conduct of the two monomers.
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Roland BP, Stuchul KA, Larsen SB, Amrich CG, Vandemark AP, Celotto AM, Palladino MJ. Evidence of a triosephosphate isomerase non-catalytic function crucial to behavior and longevity. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3151-8. [PMID: 23641070 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.124586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is a glycolytic enzyme that converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP). Glycolytic enzyme dysfunction leads to metabolic diseases collectively known as glycolytic enzymopathies. Of these enzymopathies, TPI deficiency is unique in the severity of neurological symptoms. The Drosophila sugarkill mutant closely models TPI deficiency and encodes a protein prematurely degraded by the proteasome. This led us to question whether enzyme catalytic activity was crucial to the pathogenesis of TPI sugarkill neurological phenotypes. To study TPI deficiency in vivo we developed a genomic engineering system for the TPI locus that enables the efficient generation of novel TPI genetic variants. Using this system we demonstrate that TPI sugarkill can be genetically complemented by TPI encoding a catalytically inactive enzyme. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a non-metabolic function for TPI, the loss of which contributes significantly to the neurological dysfunction in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew P Roland
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Hrizo SL, Fisher IJ, Long DR, Hutton JA, Liu Z, Palladino MJ. Early mitochondrial dysfunction leads to altered redox chemistry underlying pathogenesis of TPI deficiency. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:289-96. [PMID: 23318931 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) is responsible for the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in glycolysis. Point mutations in this gene are associated with a glycolytic enzymopathy called TPI deficiency. This study utilizes a Drosophila melanogaster model of TPI deficiency; TPI(sugarkill) is a mutant allele with a missense mutation (M80T) that causes phenotypes similar to human TPI deficiency. In this study, the redox status of TPI(sugarkill) flies was examined and manipulated to provide insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. Our data show that TPI(sugarkill) animals exhibit higher levels of the oxidized forms of NAD(+), NADP(+) and glutathione in an age-dependent manner. Additionally, we demonstrate that mitochondrial redox state is significantly more oxidized in TPI(sugarkill) animals. We hypothesized that TPI(sugarkill) animals may be more sensitive to oxidative stress and that this may underlie the progressive nature of disease pathogenesis. The effect of oxidizing and reducing stressors on behavioral phenotypes of the TPI(sugarkill) animals was tested. As predicted, oxidative stress worsened these phenotypes. Importantly, we discovered that reducing stress improved the behavioral and longevity phenotypes of the mutant organism without having an effect on TPI(sugarkill) protein levels. Overall, these data suggest that reduced activity of TPI leads to an oxidized redox state in these mutants and that the alleviation of this stress using reducing compounds can improve the mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Hrizo
- Deparment of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Celotto AM, Liu Z, VanDemark AP, Palladino MJ. A novel Drosophila SOD2 mutant demonstrates a role for mitochondrial ROS in neurodevelopment and disease. Brain Behav 2012; 2:424-34. [PMID: 22950046 PMCID: PMC3432965 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles in cell signaling, survival, and homeostasis. Aberrant ROS lead to disease and contribute to the aging process. Numerous enzymes and vigilant antioxidant pathways are required to regulate ROS for normal cellular health. Mitochondria are a major source of ROS, and mechanisms to prevent elevated ROS during oxidative phosphorylation require super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity. SOD2, also known as MnSOD, is targeted to mitochondria and is instrumental in regulating ROS by conversion of superoxides to hydrogen peroxide, which is further broken down into H(2)O and oxygen. Here, we describe the identification of a novel mutation within the mitochondrial SOD2 enzyme in Drosophila that results in adults with an extremely shortened life span, sensitivity to hyperoxia, and neuropathology. Additional studies demonstrate that this novel mutant, SOD2(bewildered), exhibits abnormal brain morphology, suggesting a critical role for this protein in neurodevelopment. We investigated the basis of this neurodevelopmental defect and discovered an increase in aberrant axonal that could underlie the aberrant neurodevelopment and brain morphology defects. This novel allele, SOD2(bewildered), provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of increased mitochondrial ROS on neural development, axonal targeting, and neural cell degeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Celotto
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Andrew P. VanDemark
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Michael J. Palladino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
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Celotto AM, Chiu WK, Van Voorhies W, Palladino MJ. Modes of metabolic compensation during mitochondrial disease using the Drosophila model of ATP6 dysfunction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25823. [PMID: 21991365 PMCID: PMC3185040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous mitochondrial DNA mutations cause mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: a collection of related diseases for which there exists no effective treatment. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are complex multisystem diseases that exhibit a relentless progression of severity, making them both difficult to treat and study. The pathogenic and compensatory metabolic changes that are associated with chronic mitochondrial dysfunction are not well understood. The Drosophila ATP61 mutant models human mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and allows the study of metabolic changes and compensation that occur throughout the lifetime of an affected animal. ATP61animals have a nearly complete loss of ATP synthase activity and an acute bioenergetic deficit when they are asymptomatic, but surprisingly we discovered no chronic bioenergetic deficit in these animals during their symptomatic period. Our data demonstrate dynamic metabolic compensatory mechanisms that sustain normal energy availability and activity despite chronic mitochondrial complex V dysfunction resulting from an endogenous mutation in the mitochondrial DNA. ATP61animals compensate for their loss of oxidative phosphorylation through increases in glycolytic flux, ketogenesis and Kreb's cycle activity early during pathogenesis. However, succinate dehydrogenase activity is reduced and mitochondrial supercomplex formation is severely disrupted contributing to the pathogenesis seen in ATP61 animals. These studies demonstrate the dynamic nature of metabolic compensatory mechanisms and emphasize the need for time course studies in tractable animal systems to elucidate disease pathogenesis and novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Celotto
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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Glycolytic flux occurs in Drosophila melanogaster recovering from camptothecin treatment. Anticancer Drugs 2010; 21:945-57. [PMID: 20717003 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32833e2f60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) and CPT-derived drugs are widely used against gynaecological and colorectal cancers. On account of their mechanism of action these drugs target rapidly dividing cells and may have an adverse effect on normal tissues. We sought to investigate their impact on normal cells by using Drosophila as a model. We investigated the possible involvement of Drosophila homologue of p53 (Dmp53) and a member of the retinoblastoma binding protein 6 family, known as Snama. On account of its molecular features and experimental evidence gleaned from mammalian studies we propose Snama as a candidate in Dmp53 regulation. We have used proteomics and core molecular biology techniques on embryos and on adult flies. We found that flies that recover from CPT treatment display a metabolic programme characterized by glycolytic flux, depletion of Dmp53 and increase of Snama transcripts. When we introduced methyl pyruvate in the diet to bypass the glycolytic pathway, we noticed differential expression of Dmp53 and Snama and improvement in reproduction and embryonic development. The development of embryos into the pupal stage was significantly improved to 40% (P=0.02) when CPT was given to mothers in combination with methyl pyruvate. This investigation highlights the importance of energy production mechanisms in cells that recover from chemotherapy and differences between the metabolic programmes used by recovering cells and those adopted by cancer cells.
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Hrizo SL, Palladino MJ. Hsp70- and Hsp90-mediated proteasomal degradation underlies TPI sugarkill pathogenesis in Drosophila. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 40:676-83. [PMID: 20727972 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency is a severe glycolytic enzymopathy that causes progressive locomotor impairment and neurodegeneration, susceptibility to infection, and premature death. The recessive missense TPI(sugarkill) mutation in Drosophila melanogaster exhibits phenotypes analogous to human TPI deficiency such as progressive locomotor impairment, neurodegeneration, and reduced life span. We have shown that the TPI(sugarkill) protein is an active stable dimer; however, the mutant protein is turned over by the proteasome reducing cellular levels of this glycolytic enzyme. As proteasome function is often coupled with molecular chaperone activity, we hypothesized that TPI(sugarkill) is recognized by molecular chaperones that mediate the proteasomal degradation of the mutant protein. Coimmunoprecipitation data and analyses of TPI(sugarkill) turnover in animals with reduced or enhanced molecular chaperone activity indicate that both Hsp90 and Hsp70 are important for targeting TPI(sugarkill) for degradation. Furthermore, molecular chaperone and proteasome activity modified by pharmacological or genetic manipulations resulted in improved TPI(sugarkill) protein levels and rescue some but not all of the disease phenotypes suggesting that TPI deficiency pathology is complex. Overall, these data demonstrate a surprising role for Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the progression of neural dysfunction associated with TPI deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Hrizo
- Deparment of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Orosz F, Oláh J, Ovádi J. Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency: new insights into an enigmatic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:1168-74. [PMID: 19786097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) functions at a metabolic cross-road ensuring the rapid equilibration of the triosephosphates produced by aldolase in glycolysis, which is interconnected to lipid metabolism, to glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle and to the pentose phosphate pathway. The enzyme is a stable homodimer, which is catalytically active only in its dimeric form. TPI deficiency is an autosomal recessive multisystem genetic disease coupled with hemolytic anemia and neurological disorder frequently leading to death in early childhood. Various genetic mutations of this enzyme have been identified; the mutations result in decrease in the catalytic activity and/or the dissociation of the dimers into inactive monomers. The impairment of TPI activity apparently does not affect the energy metabolism at system level; however, it results in accumulation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate followed by its chemical conversion into the toxic methylglyoxal, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products. By now, the research on this disease seems to enter a progressive stage by adapting new model systems such as Drosophila, yeast strains and TPI-deficient mouse, which have complemented the results obtained by prediction and experiments with recombinant proteins or erythrocytes, and added novel data concerning the complexity of the intracellular behavior of mutant TPIs. This paper reviews the recent studies on the structural and catalytic changes caused by mutation and/or nitrotyrosination of the isomerase leading to the formation of an aggregation-prone protein, a characteristic of conformational disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1113 Budapest, Karolina u 29, Hungary.
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Novel mutations affecting the Na, K ATPase alpha model complex neurological diseases and implicate the sodium pump in increased longevity. Hum Genet 2009; 126:431-47. [PMID: 19455355 PMCID: PMC2791699 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutations affecting the Na+, K+ ATPase alpha subunit have been implicated in at least two distinct human diseases, rapid-onset dystonia Parkinsonism (RDP), and familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). Over 40 mutations have been mapped to the human ATP1A2 and ATP1A3 genes and are known to result in RDP, FHM or a variant of FHM with neurological complications. To develop a genetically tractable model system for investigating the role of the Na+, K+ ATPase in neural pathologies we performed genetic screens in Drosophila melanogaster to isolate loss-of-function alleles affecting the Na+, K+ ATPase alpha subunit. Flies heterozygous for these mutations all exhibit reduced respiration, consistent with a loss-of-function in the major ATPase. However, these mutations do not affect all functions of the Na+, K+ ATPase alpha protein since embryos homozygous for these mutations have normal septate junction paracellular barrier function and tracheal morphology. Importantly, all of these mutations cause neurological phenotypes and, akin to the mutations that cause RDP and FHM, these new alleles are missense mutations. All of these alleles exhibit progressive stress-induced locomotor impairment suggesting neuromuscular dysfunction, yet neurodegeneration is observed in an allele-specific manner. Surprisingly, studies of longevity demonstrate that mild hypomorphic mutations in the sodium pump significantly improve longevity, which was verified using the Na+, K+ ATPase antagonist ouabain. The isolation and characterization of a series of new missense alleles of ATPalpha in Drosophila provides the foundation for further studies of these neurological diseases and the role of sodium pump impairment in animal longevity.
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Ralser M, Nebel A, Kleindorp R, Krobitsch S, Lehrach H, Schreiber S, Reinhardt R, Timmermann B. Sequencing and genotypic analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) locus in a large sample of long-lived Germans. BMC Genet 2008; 9:38. [PMID: 18510744 PMCID: PMC2424074 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is a central and conserved glycolytic enzyme. In humans, TPI is encoded by a single gene on 12p13, and associated with a rare genetic disorder, TPI deficiency. Reduced TPI activity can increase specific oxidant resistances of model organisms and TPI null-alleles have been hypothesized to promote a heterozygote advantage in man. However, comprehensive genetic information about the TPI1 locus is still lacking. Results Here, we sequenced the TPI1 locus in a sample of 357 German long-lived individuals (LLI) aged 95 to 110 years. We identified 17 different polymorphisms, of which 15 were rare and previously unknown. The two remaining SNPs occurred at much higher frequency and were tested for association with the longevity phenotype in larger samples of LLI (n = 1422) and younger controls (n = 967). Neither of the two markers showed a statistically significant difference in allele or genotype frequency between LLI and control subjects. Conclusion This study marks the TPI1 locus as extraordinarily conserved, even when analyzing intronic and non-coding regions of the gene. None of the identified sequence variations affected the amino acid composition of the TPI protein and hence, are unlikely to impact the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Thus, TPI variants occur less frequent than expected and inactive alleles are not enriched in German centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ralser
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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