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Protasov E, Reeh H, Liu P, Poehlein A, Platt K, Heimerl T, Hervé V, Daniel R, Brune A. Genome reduction in novel, obligately methyl-reducing Methanosarcinales isolated from arthropod guts (Methanolapillus gen. nov. and Methanimicrococcus). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae111. [PMID: 39108084 PMCID: PMC11362671 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent metagenomic studies have identified numerous lineages of hydrogen-dependent, obligately methyl-reducing methanogens. Yet, only a few representatives have been isolated in pure culture. Here, we describe six new species with this capability in the family Methanosarcinaceae (order Methanosarcinales), which makes up a substantial fraction of the methanogenic community in arthropod guts. Phylogenomic analysis placed the isolates from cockroach hindguts into the genus Methanimicrococcus (M. hacksteinii, M. hongohii, and M. stummii) and the isolates from millipede hindguts into a new genus, Methanolapillus (M. africanus, M. millepedarum, and M. ohkumae). Members of this intestinal clade, which includes also uncultured representatives from termites and vertebrates, have substantially smaller genomes (1.6-2.2 Mbp) than other Methanosarcinales. Genome reduction was accompanied by the loss of the upper part of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, several energy-converting membrane complexes (Fpo, Ech, and Rnf), and various biosynthetic pathways. However, genes involved in the protection against reactive oxygen species (catalase and superoxide reductase) were conserved in all genomes, including cytochrome bd (CydAB), a high-affinity terminal oxidase that may confer the capacity for microaerobic respiration. Since host-associated Methanosarcinales are nested within omnivorous lineages, we conclude that the specialization on methyl groups is an adaptation to the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Protasov
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Microcosm Earth Center, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Reeh
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Pan-third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Platt
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heimerl
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech
, UMR SayFood, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Brune
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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2
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Neiman AM. Membrane and organelle rearrangement during ascospore formation in budding yeast. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024:e0001324. [PMID: 38899894 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00013-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn ascomycete fungi, sexual spores, termed ascospores, are formed after meiosis. Ascospore formation is an unusual cell division in which daughter cells are created within the cytoplasm of the mother cell by de novo generation of membranes that encapsulate each of the haploid chromosome sets created by meiosis. This review describes the molecular events underlying the creation, expansion, and closure of these membranes in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of gene expression and the dynamic behavior of different membrane-bound organelles during this process are detailed. While less is known about ascospore formation in other systems, comparison to the distantly related fission yeast suggests that the molecular events will be broadly similar throughout the ascomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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3
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Durant M, Mucelli X, Huang LS. Meiotic Cytokinesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Spores That Just Need Closure. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:132. [PMID: 38392804 PMCID: PMC10890087 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sporulation occurs during starvation of a diploid cell and results in the formation of four haploid spores forming within the mother cell ascus. Meiosis divides the genetic material that is encapsulated by the prospore membrane that grows to surround the haploid nuclei; this membrane will eventually become the plasma membrane of the haploid spore. Cellularization of the spores occurs when the prospore membrane closes to capture the haploid nucleus along with some cytoplasmic material from the mother cell, and thus, closure of the prospore membrane is the meiotic cytokinetic event. This cytokinetic event involves the removal of the leading-edge protein complex, a complex of proteins that localizes to the leading edge of the growing prospore membrane. The development and closure of the prospore membrane must be coordinated with other meiotic exit events such as spindle disassembly. Timing of the closure of the prospore membrane depends on the meiotic exit pathway, which utilizes Cdc15, a Hippo-like kinase, and Sps1, an STE20 family GCKIII kinase, acting in parallel to the E3 ligase Ama1-APC/C. This review describes the sporulation process and focuses on the development of the prospore membrane and the regulation of prospore membrane closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Durant
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Xheni Mucelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Linda S Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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4
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Bittner E, Stehlik T, Lam J, Dimitrov L, Heimerl T, Schöck I, Harberding J, Dornes A, Heymons N, Bange G, Schuldiner M, Zalckvar E, Bölker M, Schekman R, Freitag J. Proteins that carry dual targeting signals can act as tethers between peroxisomes and partner organelles. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002508. [PMID: 38377076 PMCID: PMC10906886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles with crucial functions in oxidative metabolism. To correctly target to peroxisomes, proteins require specialized targeting signals. A mystery in the field is the sorting of proteins that carry a targeting signal for peroxisomes and as well as for other organelles, such as mitochondria or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Exploring several of these proteins in fungal model systems, we observed that they can act as tethers bridging organelles together to create contact sites. We show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae this mode of tethering involves the peroxisome import machinery, the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) at mitochondria and the guided entry of tail-anchored proteins (GET) pathway at the ER. Our findings introduce a previously unexplored concept of how dual affinity proteins can regulate organelle attachment and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bittner
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stehlik
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jason Lam
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Lazar Dimitrov
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Heimerl
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Schöck
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jannik Harberding
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anita Dornes
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nikola Heymons
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Zalckvar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Bölker
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Randy Schekman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Johannes Freitag
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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5
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Yellman CM. Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in the early anaphase release of Cdc14 can traverse anaphase I without ribosomal DNA disjunction and successfully complete meiosis. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059853. [PMID: 37530060 PMCID: PMC10621906 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic meiosis is a specialized cell cycle of two nuclear divisions that give rise to haploid gametes. The phosphatase Cdc14 is essential for meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cdc14 is sequestered in the nucleolus, a nuclear domain containing the ribosomal DNA, by its binding partner Net1, and released in two distinct waves, first in early anaphase I, then in anaphase II. Current models posit that the meiosis I release is required for ribosomal DNA disjunction, disassembly of the anaphase spindle, spindle pole re-duplication and counteraction of cyclin-dependent kinase, all of which are essential events. We examined Cdc14 release in net1-6cdk mutant cells, which lack six key Net1 CDK phosphorylation sites. Cdc14 release in early anaphase I was partially inhibited, and disjunction of the rDNA was fully inhibited. Failure to disjoin the rDNA is lethal in mitosis, and we expected the same to be true for meiosis I. However, the cells reliably completed both meiotic divisions to produce four viable spores. Therefore, segregation of the rDNA into all four meiotic products can be postponed until meiosis II without decreasing the fidelity of chromosome inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Yellman
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 301 Regents Hall, 6411 Tondorf Road, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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6
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Seitz BC, Mucelli X, Majano M, Wallis Z, Dodge AC, Carmona C, Durant M, Maynard S, Huang LS. Meiosis II spindle disassembly requires two distinct pathways. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar98. [PMID: 37436806 PMCID: PMC10551701 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During exit from meiosis II, cells undergo several structural rearrangements, including disassembly of the meiosis II spindles and cytokinesis. Each of these changes is regulated to ensure that they occur at the proper time. Previous studies have demonstrated that both SPS1, which encodes a STE20-family GCKIII kinase, and AMA1, which encodes a meiosis-specific activator of the Anaphase Promoting Complex, are required for both meiosis II spindle disassembly and cytokinesis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We examine the relationship between meiosis II spindle disassembly and cytokinesis and find that the meiosis II spindle disassembly failure in sps1Δ and ama1∆ cells is not the cause of the cytokinesis defect. We also see that the spindle disassembly defects in sps1Δ and ama1∆ cells are phenotypically distinct. We examined known microtubule-associated proteins Ase1, Cin8, and Bim1, and found that AMA1 is required for the proper loss of Ase1 and Cin8 on meiosis II spindles while SPS1 is required for Bim1 loss in meiosis II. Taken together, these data indicate that SPS1 and AMA1 promote distinct aspects of meiosis II spindle disassembly, and that both pathways are required for the successful completion of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Seitz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Xheni Mucelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Maira Majano
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Zoey Wallis
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Ashley C. Dodge
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Catherine Carmona
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Matthew Durant
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Sharra Maynard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Linda S. Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
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7
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Comparative Analysis of Brucepastera parasyntrophica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Teretinema zuelzerae gen. nov., comb. nov. ( Treponemataceae) Reveals the Importance of Interspecies Hydrogen Transfer in the Energy Metabolism of Spirochetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0050322. [PMID: 35862663 PMCID: PMC9317865 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00503-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Most members of the family Treponemataceae (Spirochaetales) are associated with vertebrate hosts. However, a diverse clade of uncultured, putatively free-living treponemes comprising several genus-level lineages is present in other anoxic environments. The only cultivated representative to date is Treponema zuelzerae, isolated from freshwater mud. Here, we describe the isolation of strain RmG11 from the intestinal tract of cockroaches. The strain represents a novel genus-level lineage of Treponemataceae and is metabolically distinct from T. zuelzerae. While T. zuelzerae grows well on various sugars, forming acetate and H2 as major fermentation products, strain RmG11 grew poorly on glucose, maltose, and starch, forming mainly ethanol and only small amounts of acetate and H2. In contrast to the growth of T. zuelzerae, that of strain RmG11 was strongly inhibited at high H2 partial pressures but improved considerably when H2 was removed from the headspace. Cocultures of strain RmG11 with the H2-consuming Methanospirillum hungatei produced acetate and methane but no ethanol. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that strain RmG11 possesses only a single, electron-confurcating hydrogenase that forms H2 from NADH and reduced ferredoxin, whereas T. zuelzerae also possesses a second, ferredoxin-dependent hydrogenase that allows the thermodynamically more favorable formation of H2 from ferredoxin via the Rnf complex. In addition, we found that T. zuelzerae utilizes xylan and possesses the genomic potential to degrade other plant polysaccharides. Based on phenotypic and phylogenomic evidence, we describe strain RmG11 as Brucepastera parasyntrophica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Treponema zuelzerae as Teretinema zuelzerae gen. nov., comb. nov. IMPORTANCE Spirochetes are widely distributed in various anoxic environments and commonly form molecular hydrogen as a major fermentation product. Here, we show that two closely related members of the family Treponemataceae differ strongly in their sensitivity to high hydrogen partial pressure, and we explain the metabolic mechanisms that cause these differences by comparative genome analysis. We demonstrate a strong boost in the growth of the hydrogen-sensitive strain and a shift in its fermentation products to acetate during cocultivation with a H2-utilizing methanogen. Our results add a hitherto unrecognized facet to the fermentative metabolism of spirochetes and also underscore the importance of interspecies hydrogen transfer in not-obligately-syntrophic interactions among fermentative and hydrogenotrophic guilds in anoxic environments.
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8
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Oz T, Mengoli V, Rojas J, Jonak K, Braun M, Zagoriy I, Zachariae W. The Spo13/Meikin pathway confines the onset of gamete differentiation to meiosis II in yeast. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109446. [PMID: 35023198 PMCID: PMC8844990 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction requires genome haploidization by the two divisions of meiosis and a differentiation program to generate gametes. Here, we have investigated how sporulation, the yeast equivalent of gamete differentiation, is coordinated with progression through meiosis. Spore differentiation is initiated at metaphase II when a membrane-nucleating structure, called the meiotic plaque, is assembled at the centrosome. While all components of this structure accumulate already at entry into meiosis I, they cannot assemble because centrosomes are occupied by Spc72, the receptor of the γ-tubulin complex. Spc72 is removed from centrosomes by a pathway that depends on the polo-like kinase Cdc5 and the meiosis-specific kinase Ime2, which is unleashed by the degradation of Spo13/Meikin upon activation of the anaphase-promoting complex at anaphase I. Meiotic plaques are finally assembled upon reactivation of Cdk1 at entry into metaphase II. This unblocking-activation mechanism ensures that only single-copy genomes are packaged into spores and might serve as a paradigm for the regulation of other meiosis II-specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Oz
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Valentina Mengoli
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julie Rojas
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marianne Braun
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ievgeniia Zagoriy
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zachariae
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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9
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Centrosome regulation and function in mammalian cortical neurogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:256-266. [PMID: 34303132 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the primary microtubule-organizing center in animal cells, centrosomes regulate microtubule cytoskeleton to support various cellular behaviors. They also serve as the base for nucleating primary cilia, the hub of diverse signaling pathways. Cells typically possess one centrosome that contains two inequal centrioles and undergoes semi-conservative duplication during cell division, resulting in two centrosomes with an inherent asymmetry in age and properties. While the centrosome is ubiquitously present, mutations of centrosome proteins are strongly associated with human microcephaly characterized by a small cerebral cortex, underscoring the importance of an intact centrosome in supporting cortical neurogenesis. Here we review recent advances on centrosome regulation and function in mammalian cortical neural progenitors and discuss the implications for a better understanding of cortical neurogenesis and related disease mechanisms.
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10
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Song Y, Hervé V, Radek R, Pfeiffer F, Zheng H, Brune A. Characterization and phylogenomic analysis of Breznakiella homolactica gen. nov. sp. nov. indicate that termite gut treponemes evolved from non-acetogenic spirochetes in cockroaches. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4228-4245. [PMID: 33998119 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spirochetes of the genus Treponema are surprisingly abundant in termite guts, where they play an important role in reductive acetogenesis. Although they occur in all termites investigated, their evolutionary origin is obscure. Here, we isolated the first representative of 'termite gut treponemes' from cockroaches, the closest relatives of termites. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that Breznakiella homolactica gen. nov. sp. nov. represents the most basal lineage of the highly diverse 'termite cluster I', a deep-branching sister group of Treponemataceae (fam. 'Termitinemataceae') that was present already in the cockroach ancestor of termites and subsequently coevolved with its host. Breznakiella homolactica is obligately anaerobic and catalyses the homolactic fermentation of both hexoses and pentoses. Resting cells produced acetate in the presence of oxygen. Genome analysis revealed the presence of pyruvate oxidase and catalase, and a cryptic potential for the formation of acetate, ethanol, formate, CO2 and H2 - the fermentation products of termite gut isolates. Genes encoding key enzymes of reductive acetogenesis, however, are absent, confirming the hypothesis that the ancestral metabolism of the cluster was fermentative, and that the capacity for acetogenesis from H2 plus CO2 - the most intriguing property among termite gut treponemes - was acquired by lateral gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Song
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Renate Radek
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Free University of Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Fabienne Pfeiffer
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Hao Zheng
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Andreas Brune
- Research Group Insect Gut Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, Marburg, 35043, Germany
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11
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Paulissen SM, Hunt CA, Seitz BC, Slubowski CJ, Yu Y, Mucelli X, Truong D, Wallis Z, Nguyen HT, Newman-Toledo S, Neiman AM, Huang LS. A Noncanonical Hippo Pathway Regulates Spindle Disassembly and Cytokinesis During Meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2020; 216:447-462. [PMID: 32788308 PMCID: PMC7536847 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to create haploid yeast spores from a diploid mother cell. During meiosis II, cytokinesis occurs by closure of the prospore membrane, a membrane that initiates at the spindle pole body and grows to surround each of the haploid meiotic products. Timely prospore membrane closure requires SPS1, which encodes an STE20 family GCKIII kinase. To identify genes that may activate SPS1, we utilized a histone phosphorylation defect of sps1 mutants to screen for genes with a similar phenotype and found that cdc15 shared this phenotype. CDC15 encodes a Hippo-like kinase that is part of the mitotic exit network. We find that Sps1 complexes with Cdc15, that Sps1 phosphorylation requires Cdc15, and that CDC15 is also required for timely prospore membrane closure. We also find that SPS1, like CDC15, is required for meiosis II spindle disassembly and sustained anaphase II release of Cdc14 in meiosis. However, the NDR-kinase complex encoded by DBF2/DBF20MOB1 which functions downstream of CDC15 in mitotic cells, does not appear to play a role in spindle disassembly, timely prospore membrane closure, or sustained anaphase II Cdc14 release. Taken together, our results suggest that the mitotic exit network is rewired for exit from meiosis II, such that SPS1 replaces the NDR-kinase complex downstream of CDC15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Paulissen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Cindy A Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Brian C Seitz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | | | - Yao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
| | - Xheni Mucelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Dang Truong
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Zoey Wallis
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Hung T Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | | | - Aaron M Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
| | - Linda S Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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12
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Stehlik T, Kremp M, Kahnt J, Bölker M, Freitag J. Peroxisomal targeting of a protein phosphatase type 2C via mitochondrial transit. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2355. [PMID: 32398688 PMCID: PMC7217942 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct intracellular distribution of proteins is critical for the function of eukaryotic cells. Certain proteins are targeted to more than one cellular compartment, e.g. to mitochondria and peroxisomes. The protein phosphatase Ptc5 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains an N-terminal mitochondrial presequence followed by a transmembrane domain, and has been detected in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Here we show mitochondrial transit of Ptc5 to peroxisomes. Translocation of Ptc5 to peroxisomes depended both on the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1) and N-terminal cleavage by the mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex. Indirect targeting of Ptc5 to peroxisomes prevented deleterious effects of its phosphatase activity in the cytosol. Sorting of Ptc5 involves simultaneous interaction with import machineries of both organelles. We identify additional mitochondrial proteins with PTS1, which localize in both organelles and can increase their physical association. Thus, a tug-of-war-like mechanism can influence the interaction and communication of two cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stehlik
- Department of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Kremp
- Department of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kahnt
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bölker
- Department of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Freitag
- Department of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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13
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Hepp S, Trauth J, Hasenjäger S, Bezold F, Essen LO, Taxis C. An Optogenetic Tool for Induced Protein Stabilization Based on the Phaeodactylum tricornutum Aureochrome 1a Light-Oxygen-Voltage Domain. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1880-1900. [PMID: 32105734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Control of cellular events by optogenetic tools is a powerful approach to manipulate cellular functions in a minimally invasive manner. A common problem posed by the application of optogenetic tools is to tune the activity range to be physiologically relevant. Here, we characterized a photoreceptor of the light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain family of Phaeodactylum tricornutum aureochrome 1a (AuLOV) as a tool for increasing protein stability under blue light conditions in budding yeast. Structural studies of AuLOVwt, the variants AuLOVM254, and AuLOVW349 revealed alternative dimer association modes for the dark state, which differ from previously reported AuLOV dark-state structures. Rational design of AuLOV-dimer interface mutations resulted in an optimized optogenetic tool that we fused to the photoactivatable adenylyl cyclase from Beggiatoa sp. This synergistic light-regulation approach using two photoreceptors resulted in an optimized, photoactivatable adenylyl cyclase with a cyclic adenosine monophosphate production activity that matches the physiological range of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overall, we enlarged the optogenetic toolbox for yeast and demonstrated the importance of fine-tuning the optogenetic tool activity for successful application in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hepp
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center of Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein- Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Trauth
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center of Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein- Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Hasenjäger
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Filipp Bezold
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center of Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein- Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center of Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein- Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christof Taxis
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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14
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Miles S, Li LH, Melville Z, Breeden LL. Ssd1 and the cell wall integrity pathway promote entry, maintenance, and recovery from quiescence in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2205-2217. [PMID: 31141453 PMCID: PMC6743469 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-04-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are typically diploid. When faced with glucose and nitrogen limitation they can undergo meiosis and sporulate. Diploids can also enter a protective, nondividing cellular state or quiescence. The ability to enter quiescence is highly reproducible but shows broad natural variation. Some wild diploids can only enter cellular quiescence, which indicates that there are conditions in which sporulation is lost or selected against. Others only sporulate, but if sporulation is disabled by heterozygosity at the IME1 locus, those diploids can enter quiescence. W303 haploids can enter quiescence, but their diploid counterparts cannot. This is the result of diploidy, not mating type regulation. Introduction of SSD1 to W303 diploids switches fate, in that it rescues cellular quiescence and disrupts the ability to sporulate. Ssd1 and another RNA-binding protein, Mpt5 (Puf5), have parallel roles in quiescence in haploids. The ability of these mutants to enter quiescence, and their long-term survival in the quiescent state, can be rescued by exogenously added trehalose. The cell wall integrity pathway also promotes entry, maintenance, and recovery from quiescence through the Rlm1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Miles
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Li Hong Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Zephan Melville
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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15
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Matsuyama T. Recent developments in terminator technology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:655-661. [PMID: 31324384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolically engineered microorganisms that produce useful organic compounds will be helpful for realizing a sustainable society. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has high utility as a metabolic engineering platform because of its high fermentation ability, non-pathogenicity, and ease of handling. When producing yeast strains that produce exogenous compounds, it is a prerequisite to control the expression of exogenous enzyme-encoding genes. Terminator region in a gene expression cassette, as well as promoter region, could be used to improve metabolically engineered yeasts by increasing or decreasing the expression of the target enzyme-encoding genes. The findings on terminators have grown rapidly in the last decade, so an overview of these findings should provide a foothold for new developments.
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16
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Mix AK, Cenci U, Heimerl T, Marter P, Wirkner ML, Moog D. Identification and Localization of Peroxisomal Biogenesis Proteins Indicates the Presence of Peroxisomes in the Cryptophyte Guillardia theta and Other "Chromalveolates". Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:2834-2852. [PMID: 30247558 PMCID: PMC6203080 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are single-membrane-bound organelles with a huge metabolic versatility, including the degradation of fatty acids (β-oxidation) and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species as most conserved functions. Although peroxisomes seem to be present in the majority of investigated eukaryotes, where they are responsible for many eclectic and important spatially separated metabolic reactions, knowledge about their existence in the plethora of protists (eukaryotic microorganisms) is scarce. Here, we investigated genomic data of organisms containing complex plastids with red algal ancestry (so-called “chromalveolates”) for the presence of genes encoding peroxins—factors specific for the biogenesis, maintenance, and division of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells. Our focus was on the cryptophyte Guillardia theta, a marine microalga, which possesses two phylogenetically different nuclei of host and endosymbiont origin, respectively, thus being of enormous evolutionary significance. Besides the identification of a complete set of peroxins in G. theta, we heterologously localized selected factors as GFP fusion proteins via confocal and electron microscopy in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Furthermore, we show that peroxins, and thus most likely peroxisomes, are present in haptophytes as well as eustigmatophytes, brown algae, and alveolates including dinoflagellates, chromerids, and noncoccidian apicomplexans. Our results indicate that diatoms are not the only “chromalveolate” group devoid of the PTS2 receptor Pex7, and thus a PTS2-dependent peroxisomal import pathway, which seems to be absent in haptophytes (Emiliania huxleyi) as well. Moreover, important aspects of peroxisomal biosynthesis and protein import in “chromalveolates”are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Mix
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Ugo Cenci
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Heimerl
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Pia Marter
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Moog
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
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17
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Lengefeld J, Barral Y. Asymmetric Segregation of Aged Spindle Pole Bodies During Cell Division: Mechanisms and Relevance Beyond Budding Yeast? Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800038. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jette Lengefeld
- Institute of Biochemistry; ETH Zurich; Otto-Stern-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Yves Barral
- Institute of Biochemistry; ETH Zurich; Otto-Stern-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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18
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Jiang P, Zheng S, Lu L. Mitotic-Spindle Organizing Protein MztA Mediates Septation Signaling by Suppressing the Regulatory Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A-ParA in Aspergillus nidulans. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:988. [PMID: 29774021 PMCID: PMC5951981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper timing and positioning of cytokinesis/septation is crucial for hyphal growth and conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans. The septation initiation network (SIN) components are a conserved spindle pole body (SPB) localized signaling cascade and the terminal kinase complex SidB-MobA, which must localize on the SPB in this pathway to trigger septation/cytokinesis. The regulatory subunit of phosphatase PP2A-ParA has been identified to be a negative regulator capable of inactivating the SIN. However, little is known about how ParA regulates the SIN pathway and whether ParA regulates the septum formation process through affecting the SPB-localized SIN proteins. In this study, through RNA-Seq and genetic approaches, we identified a new positive septation regulator, a putative mitotic-spindle organizing protein and a yeast Mzt1 homolog MztA, which acts antagonistically toward PP2A-ParA to coordinately regulate the SPB-localized SIN proteins SidB-MobA during septation. These findings imply that regulators, phosphatase PP2A-ParA and MztA counteract the septation function probably through balancing the polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules at the SPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Tegtmeier D, Belitz A, Radek R, Heimerl T, Brune A. Ereboglobus luteus gen. nov. sp. nov. from cockroach guts, and new insights into the oxygen relationship of the genera Opitutus and Didymococcus ( Verrucomicrobia : Opitutaceae ). Syst Appl Microbiol 2018; 41:101-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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