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Rawal CC, Loubiere V, Butova NL, Gracia J, Parreno V, Merigliano C, Martinez AM, Cavalli G, Chiolo I. Sustained inactivation of the Polycomb PRC1 complex induces DNA repair defects and genomic instability in epigenetic tumors. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 162:133-147. [PMID: 38888809 PMCID: PMC11227471 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are typically associated with the accumulation of driver mutations and genomic instability. However, recent studies demonstrated that cancer can also be driven purely by epigenetic alterations, without driver mutations. Specifically, a 24-h transient downregulation of polyhomeotic (ph-KD), a core component of the Polycomb complex PRC1, is sufficient to induce epigenetically initiated cancers (EICs) in Drosophila, which are proficient in DNA repair and characterized by a stable genome. Whether genomic instability eventually occurs when PRC1 downregulation is performed for extended periods of time remains unclear. Here, we show that prolonged depletion of PH, which mimics cancer initiating events, results in broad dysregulation of DNA replication and repair genes, along with the accumulation of DNA breaks, defective repair, and widespread genomic instability in the cancer tissue. A broad misregulation of H2AK118 ubiquitylation and to a lesser extent of H3K27 trimethylation also occurs and might contribute to these phenotypes. Together, this study supports a model where DNA repair and replication defects accumulate during the tumorigenic transformation epigenetically induced by PRC1 loss, resulting in genomic instability and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan C Rawal
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Vincent Loubiere
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadejda L Butova
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Juliette Gracia
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Victoria Parreno
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Martinez
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Irene Chiolo
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Rawal CC, Loubiere V, Butova NL, Garcia J, Parreno V, Martinez AM, Cavalli G, Chiolo I. Sustained inactivation of the Polycomb PRC1 complex induces DNA repair defects and genomic instability in epigenetic tumors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4289524. [PMID: 38746379 PMCID: PMC11092839 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4289524/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are typically associated with the accumulation of driver mutations and genomic instability. However, recent studies demonstrated that cancers can also be purely initiated by epigenetic alterations, without driver mutations. Specifically, a 24-hours transient down-regulation of polyhomeotic (ph-KD), a core component of the Polycomb complex PRC1, is sufficient to drive epigenetically initiated cancers (EICs) in Drosophila, which are proficient in DNA repair and are characterized by a stable genome. Whether genomic instability eventually occurs when PRC1 down-regulation is performed for extended periods of time remains unclear. Here we show that prolonged depletion of a PRC1 component, which mimics cancer initiating events, results in broad dysregulation of DNA replication and repair genes, along with the accumulation of DNA breaks, defective repair, and widespread genomic instability in the cancer tissue. A broad mis-regulation of H2AK118 ubiquitylation and to a lesser extent of H3K27 trimethylation also occurs, and might contribute to these phenotypes. Together, this study supports a model where DNA repair and replication defects amplify the tumorigenic transformation epigenetically induced by PRC1 loss, resulting in genomic instability and cancer progression.
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3
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Du D, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Chen L, Guan X, Rasmussen LJ, Liu D. MRE11A: a novel negative regulator of human DNA mismatch repair. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:37. [PMID: 38486171 PMCID: PMC10938699 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved pathway that corrects DNA replication errors, the loss of which is attributed to the development of various types of cancers. Although well characterized, MMR factors remain to be identified. As a 3'-5' exonuclease and endonuclease, meiotic recombination 11 homolog A (MRE11A) is implicated in multiple DNA repair pathways. However, the role of MRE11A in MMR is unclear. METHODS Initially, short-term and long-term survival assays were used to measure the cells' sensitivity to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Meanwhile, the level of apoptosis was also determined by flow cytometry after MNNG treatment. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate the DNA damage within one cell cycle after MNNG treatment. Next, a GFP-heteroduplex repair assay and microsatellite stability test were used to measure the MMR activities in cells. To investigate the mechanisms, western blotting, the GFP-heteroduplex repair assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used. RESULTS We show that knockdown of MRE11A increased the sensitivity of HeLa cells to MNNG treatment, as well as the MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, implying a potential role of MRE11 in MMR. Moreover, we found that MRE11A was largely recruited to chromatin and negatively regulated the DNA damage signals within the first cell cycle after MNNG treatment. We also showed that knockdown of MRE11A increased, while overexpressing MRE11A decreased, MMR activity in HeLa cells, suggesting that MRE11A negatively regulates MMR activity. Furthermore, we show that recruitment of MRE11A to chromatin requires MLH1 and that MRE11A competes with PMS2 for binding to MLH1. This decreases PMS2 levels in whole cells and on chromatin, and consequently comprises MMR activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that MRE11A is a negative regulator of human MMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Du
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yueyan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guanxiong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dekang Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Nazarinejad N, Hajikhani B, Vaezi AA, Firoozeh F, Sameni F, Yaslianifard S, Goudarzi M, Dadashi M. Association between colorectal cancer, the frequency of Bacteroides fragilis, and the level of mismatch repair genes expression in the biopsy samples of Iranian patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:82. [PMID: 38395750 PMCID: PMC10885486 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient DNA mismatch repair (MMR) can cause microsatellite instability (MSI) and is more common in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Understanding the carcinogenic mechanism of bacteria and their impact on cancer cells is crucial. Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) has been identified as a potential promoter of tumorigenesis through the alteration of signaling pathways. This study aims to assess the expression levels of msh2, msh6, mlh1, and the relative frequency of B. fragilis in biopsy samples from CRC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the sequence of mlh1, msh2, and msh6 genes, B. fragilis specific 16srRNA and bacterial universal 16srRNA specific primers were selected, and the expression levels of the target genes were analyzed using the Real-Time PCR method. RESULTS Significant increases in the expression levels of mlh1, msh2, and msh6 genes were observed in the cancer group. Additionally, the expression of these MMR genes showed a significant elevation in samples positive for B. fragilis presence. The relative frequency of B. fragilis in the cancer group demonstrated a significant rise compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a potential correlation between the abundance of B. fragilis and alterations in the expression of MMR genes. Since these genes can play a role in modifying colon cancer, investigating microbial characteristics and gene expression changes in CRC could offer a viable solution for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Nazarinejad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Vaezi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Firoozeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sameni
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yaslianifard
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Hong S, Zhang J, Liu S, Jin Q, Li J, Xia A, Xu J. Protein profiles reveal MSH6/MSH2 as a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:189-200. [PMID: 37776019 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific protein expression profiles that differentiate HCC with MVI from those without MVI remain unclear. METHODS The profiles of proteins in early-stage HCC tissues and normal liver tissues were characterized by quantitative proteomics techniques. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was undertaken on tissue microarrays from 80 HCC patients to assess the expression of MSH2 and MSH6. Cell counting, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays were carried out in vitro. RESULTS We identified 5164 proteins in both HCC tissues and adjacent normal liver tissues. Compared to HCC without MVI, 148 upregulated proteins and 97 downregulated proteins were found in HCC with MVI. Particularly noteworthy was the remarkable upregulation of MSH6/MSH2 among these dysregulated proteins in HCC with MVI. Further validation through bioinformatics prediction and IHC confirmed the elevated expression of MSH6/MSH2, which correlated with aggressive disease characteristics and poor prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed a substantial area under the curve of 0.761 (specificity 71.79%, sensitivity 73.17%) for the combined use of MSH6/MSH2. Knockdown of MSH6/MSH2 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes MSH6 or MSH2 as an oncogene that is prominently overexpressed during HCC progression, which provides new targets for HCC with MVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Quan Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jingqi Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Anliang Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - JianBo Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Medina-Rivera M, Phelps S, Sridharan M, Becker J, Lamb N, Kumar C, Sutton M, Bielinsky A, Balakrishnan L, Surtees J. Elevated MSH2 MSH3 expression interferes with DNA metabolism in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:12185-12206. [PMID: 37930834 PMCID: PMC10711559 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Msh2-Msh3 mismatch repair (MMR) complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae recognizes and directs repair of insertion/deletion loops (IDLs) up to ∼17 nucleotides. Msh2-Msh3 also recognizes and binds distinct looped and branched DNA structures with varying affinities, thereby contributing to genome stability outside post-replicative MMR through homologous recombination, double-strand break repair (DSBR) and the DNA damage response. In contrast, Msh2-Msh3 promotes genome instability through trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions, presumably by binding structures that form from single-stranded (ss) TNR sequences. We previously demonstrated that Msh2-Msh3 binding to 5' ssDNA flap structures interfered with Rad27 (Fen1 in humans)-mediated Okazaki fragment maturation (OFM) in vitro. Here we demonstrate that elevated Msh2-Msh3 levels interfere with DNA replication and base excision repair in vivo. Elevated Msh2-Msh3 also induced a cell cycle arrest that was dependent on RAD9 and ELG1 and led to PCNA modification. These phenotypes also required Msh2-Msh3 ATPase activity and downstream MMR proteins, indicating an active mechanism that is not simply a result of Msh2-Msh3 DNA-binding activity. This study provides new mechanistic details regarding how excess Msh2-Msh3 can disrupt DNA replication and repair and highlights the role of Msh2-Msh3 protein abundance in Msh2-Msh3-mediated genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Medina-Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, 14203, USA
| | - Samantha Phelps
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, 14203, USA
| | - Madhumita Sridharan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jordan Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Natalie A Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, 14203, USA
| | - Charanya Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, 14203, USA
| | - Mark D Sutton
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, 14203, USA
| | - Anja Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lata Balakrishnan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jennifer A Surtees
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, 14203, USA
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Parisi E, Hidalgo I, Montal R, Pallisé O, Tarragona J, Sorolla A, Novell A, Campbell K, Sorolla MA, Casali A, Salud A. PLA2G12A as a Novel Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer with Prognostic Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10889. [PMID: 37446068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related deaths. Therefore, the identification of accurate biomarkers predictive of metastasis is needed to better stratify high-risk patients to provide preferred management and reduce mortality. In this study, we identified 13 new genes that modified circulating tumor cell numbers using a genome-wide genetic screen in a whole animal CRC model. Candidate genes were subsequently evaluated at the gene expression level in both an internal human CRC cohort of 153 patients and an independent cohort from the TCGA including 592 patients. Interestingly, the expression of one candidate, PLA2G12A, significantly correlated with both the time to recurrence and overall survival in our CRC cohort, with its low expression being an indicator of a poor clinical outcome. By examining the TCGA cohort, we also found that low expression of PLA2G12A was significantly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition signatures. Finally, the candidate functionality was validated in vitro using three different colon cancer cell lines, revealing that PLA2G12A deficiency increases cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Overall, our study identifies PLA2G12A as a prognostic biomarker of early-stage CRC, providing evidence that its deficiency promotes tumor growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Parisi
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ivan Hidalgo
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Robert Montal
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ona Pallisé
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Tarragona
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics/Oncologic Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, CIBERONC, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Novell
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Kyra Campbell
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Maria Alba Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Andreu Casali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lleida and IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonieta Salud
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kośla K, Kołat D, Płuciennik E, Bednarek AK. Antineoplastic Nature of WWOX in Glioblastoma Is Mainly a Consequence of Reduced Cell Viability and Invasion. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030465. [PMID: 36979157 PMCID: PMC10045224 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Following the discovery of WWOX, research has moved in many directions, including the role of this putative tumor suppressor in the central nervous system and related diseases. The task of determining the nature of WWOX in glioblastoma (GBM) is still considered to be at the initial stage; however, the influence of this gene on the GBM malignant phenotype has already been reported. Because most of the available in vitro research does not consider several cellular GBM models or a wide range of investigated biological assays, the present study aimed to determine the main processes by which WWOX exhibits anticancer properties in GBM, while taking into account the phenotypic heterogeneity between cell lines. Ectopic WWOX overexpression was studied in T98G, DBTRG-05MG, U251MG, and U87MG cell lines that were compared with the use of assays investigating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, clonogenicity, three-dimensional and anchorage-independent growth, and invasiveness. Observations presenting the antineoplastic properties of WWOX were consistent for T98G, U251MG, and U87MG. Increased proliferation and tumor growth were noted in WWOX-overexpressing DBTRG-05MG cells. A possible explanation for this, arrived at via bioinformatics tools, was linked to the TARDBP transcription factor and expression differences of USP25 and CPNE2 that regulate EGFR surface abundance. Collectively, and despite various cell line-specific circumstances, WWOX exhibits its anticancer nature mainly via a reduction of cell viability and invasiveness of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Berg HF, Engerud H, Myrvold M, Lien HE, Hjelmeland ME, Halle MK, Woie K, Hoivik EA, Haldorsen IS, Vintermyr O, Trovik J, Krakstad C. Mismatch repair markers in preoperative and operative endometrial cancer samples; expression concordance and prognostic value. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:647-655. [PMID: 36482191 PMCID: PMC9938259 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endometrial cancer mismatch repair (MMR) deficient subgroup is defined by loss of MSH6, MSH2, PMS2 or MLH1. We compare MMR status in paired preoperative and operative samples and investigate the prognostic impact of differential MMR protein expression levels. METHODS Tumour lesions from 1058 endometrial cancer patients were immunohistochemically stained for MSH6, MSH2, PMS2 and MLH1. MMR protein expression was evaluated as loss or intact to determine MMR status, or by staining index to evaluate the prognostic potential of differential expression. Gene expression data from a local (n = 235) and the TCGA (n = 524) endometrial cancer cohorts was used for validation. RESULTS We identified a substantial agreement in MMR status between paired curettage and hysterectomy samples. Individual high expression of all four MMR markers associated with non-endometrioid subtype, and high MSH6 or MSH2 strongly associated with several aggressive disease characteristics including high tumour grade and FIGO stage, and for MSH6, with lymph node metastasis. In multivariate Cox analysis, MSH6 remained an independent prognostic marker, also within the endometrioid low-grade subgroup (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that in addition to determine MMR status, MMR protein expression levels, particularly MSH6, may add prognostic information in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege F Berg
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hilde Engerud
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Madeleine Myrvold
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hilde E Lien
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marta Espevold Hjelmeland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari K Halle
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kathrine Woie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling A Hoivik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Section of Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingfrid S Haldorsen
- Section of Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Vintermyr
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jone Trovik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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10
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Elizalde MM, Mojsiejczuk L, Speroni M, Bouzas B, Tadey L, Mammana L, Campos RH, Flichman DM. Molecular and biological characterization of hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b clusters: Unraveling its role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946703. [PMID: 35966715 PMCID: PMC9363773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotype F1b infection has been associated with the early occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected patients from Alaska and Peru. In Argentina, however, despite the high prevalence of subgenotype F1b infection, this relationship has not been described. To unravel the observed differences in the progression of the infection, an in-depth molecular and biological characterization of the subgenotype F1b was performed. Phylogenetic analysis of subgenotype F1b full-length genomes revealed the existence of two highly supported clusters. One of the clusters, designated as gtF1b Basal included sequences mostly from Alaska, Peru and Chile, while the other, called gtF1b Cosmopolitan, contained samples mainly from Argentina and Chile. The clusters were characterized by a differential signature pattern of eight nucleotides distributed throughout the genome. In vitro characterization of representative clones from each cluster revealed major differences in viral RNA levels, virion secretion, antigen expression levels, as well as in the localization of the antigens. Interestingly, a differential regulation in the expression of genes associated with tumorigenesis was also identified. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the molecular and biological characteristics of the subgenotype F1b clusters and contributes to unravel the different clinical outcomes of subgenotype F1b chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Elizalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Mercedes Elizalde,
| | - Laura Mojsiejczuk
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Speroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belén Bouzas
- Unidad de Virología, Hospital de Infecciosas “Francisco J. Muñiz”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Tadey
- Unidad de Virología, Hospital de Infecciosas “Francisco J. Muñiz”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lilia Mammana
- Unidad de Virología, Hospital de Infecciosas “Francisco J. Muñiz”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Héctor Campos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Martín Flichman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Bhatia S, Kramer M, Russo S, Naik P, Arun G, Brophy K, Andrews P, Fan C, Perou CM, Preall J, Ha T, Plenker D, Tuveson DA, Rishi A, Wilkinson JE, McCombie WR, Kostroff K, Spector DL. Patient-Derived Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Organoids Provide Robust Model Systems That Recapitulate Tumor Intrinsic Characteristics. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1174-1192. [PMID: 35180770 PMCID: PMC9135475 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with poor patient outcomes, highlighting the unmet clinical need for targeted therapies and better model systems. Here, we developed and comprehensively characterized a diverse biobank of normal and breast cancer patient-derived organoids (PDO) with a focus on TNBCs. PDOs recapitulated patient tumor intrinsic properties and a subset of PDOs can be propagated for long-term culture (LT-TNBC). Single cell profiling of PDOs identified cell types and gene candidates affiliated with different aspects of cancer progression. The LT-TNBC organoids exhibit signatures of aggressive MYC-driven, basal-like breast cancers and are largely comprised of luminal progenitor (LP)-like cells. The TNBC LP-like cells are distinct from normal LPs and exhibit hyperactivation of NOTCH and MYC signaling. Overall, this study validates TNBC PDOs as robust models for understanding breast cancer biology and progression, paving the way for personalized medicine and tailored treatment options. SIGNIFICANCE A comprehensive analysis of patient-derived organoids of TNBC provides insights into cellular heterogeneity and mechanisms of tumorigenesis at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Bhatia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Kramer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Suzanne Russo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Payal Naik
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Gayatri Arun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Kyle Brophy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Peter Andrews
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Cheng Fan
- University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles M Perou
- University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Preall
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Taehoon Ha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Dennis Plenker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Arvind Rishi
- Northwell Health, Department of Pathology, Lake Success, New York
| | - John E Wilkinson
- University of Michigan, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Karen Kostroff
- Northwell Health, Department of Surgical Oncology, Lake Success, New York
| | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
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12
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Haidar Ahmad S, Pasquereau S, El Baba R, Nehme Z, Lewandowski C, Herbein G. Distinct Oncogenic Transcriptomes in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Infected With Cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:772160. [PMID: 35003089 PMCID: PMC8727587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus is being recognized as a potential oncovirus beside its oncomodulation role. We previously isolated two clinical isolates, HCMV-DB (KT959235) and HCMV-BL (MW980585), which in primary human mammary epithelial cells promoted oncogenic molecular pathways, established anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and produced tumorigenicity in mice models, therefore named high-risk oncogenic strains. In contrast, other clinical HCMV strains such as HCMV-FS, KM, and SC did not trigger such traits, therefore named low-risk oncogenic strains. In this study, we compared high-risk oncogenic HCMV-DB and BL strains (high-risk) with low-risk oncogenic strains HCMV-FS, KM, and SC (low-risk) additionally to the prototypic HCMV-TB40/E, knowing that all strains infect HMECs in vitro. Numerous pro-oncogenic features including enhanced expression of oncogenes, cell survival, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes were observed with HCMV-BL. In vitro, mammosphere formation was observed only in high-risk strains. HCMV-TB40/E showed an intermediate transcriptome landscape with limited mammosphere formation. Since we observed that Ki67 gene expression allows us to discriminate between high and low-risk HCMV strains in vitro, we further tested its expression in vivo. Among HCMV-positive breast cancer biopsies, we only detected high expression of the Ki67 gene in basal tumors which may correspond to the presence of high-risk HCMV strains within tumors. Altogether, the transcriptome of HMECs infected with HCMV clinical isolates displays an “oncogenic gradient” where high-risk strains specifically induce a prooncogenic environment which might participate in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Ranim El Baba
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Zeina Nehme
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Clara Lewandowski
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France.,Department of Virology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Besançon, Besançon, France
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13
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Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Buchholz K, Durślewicz J, Villodre ES, Gagat M, Grzanka D. SPDL1 Is an Independent Predictor of Patient Outcome in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031819. [PMID: 35163739 PMCID: PMC8836361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle Apparatus Coiled-Coil Protein 1 (SPDL1) is a relatively recently identified coiled-coil domain containing protein and an important determinant of DNA fidelity by ensuring faithful mitosis. Hence, SPDL1 is suspected to underlie genomic (in-)stability in human cancers, yet its exact roles in these diseases remain largely underexplored. Given that genomic instability (GIN) is a crucial feature in colorectal cancer (CRC), we primarily asked whether the expression of this protein may account for differences in clinicopathological features and survival rates of CRC patients. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in the institutional tissue microarray (TMA), and gene expression by the analysis of publicly available datasets. To place the prognostic relevance in a predicted biological context, gene co-expression set around SPDL1 identified by public data mining was annotated and assessed for enrichment in gene ontology (GO) categories, BRITE hierarchies, and Reactome pathways. The comparison with adjacent normal tissue revealed a high expression of SPDL1 protein in a subset of tumor cases (48.84%), and these had better prognosis than the SPDL1-low expression counterpart even after adjustment for multiple confounders. SPDL1-high expression within tumors was associated with a median 56-month survival advantage, but not with any clinicopathological characteristics of our cohort. In the TCGA cohort, SPDL1 was overexpressed in tumor tissue and positively associated with improved survival, chromosome instability phenotype, and various GIN markers. In addition to the genes critically involved in the cell cycle and mitosis, a gene set co-expressed with SPDL1 contained checkpoint members of both chromosome segregation and DNA replication, as well as those associated with defective DNA repair, and retrograde vesicle-mediated transport. In conclusion, SPDL1 is an independent predictor of CRC patient survival in a possible connection with chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-42-00; Fax: +48-52-585-40-49
| | - Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Emilly Schlee Villodre
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology and MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
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14
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Neska-Długosz I, Buchholz K, Durślewicz J, Gagat M, Grzanka D, Tojek K, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A. Prognostic Impact and Functional Annotations of KIF11 and KIF14 Expression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189732. [PMID: 34575892 PMCID: PMC8466126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability (GIN) has an important contribution to the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we selected mitosis and cytokinesis kinesins, KIF11 and KIF14, as factors of potential clinical and functional value in CRC, as their aberrant expression has been suspected to underlie GIN. We examined the expression and the prognostic and biological significance of KIF11 and KIF14 in CRC via in-house immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, public mRNA expression datasets, as well as bioinformatics tools. We found that KIF11 and KIF14 expression, at both the protein and mRNA level, was markedly altered in cancer tissues compared to respective controls, which was reflected in the clinical outcome of CRC patients. Specifically, we provide the first evidence that KIF11 protein and mRNA, KIF14 mRNA, as well as both proteins together, can significantly discriminate between CRC patients with better and worse overall survival independently of other relevant clinical risk factors. The negative prognostic factors for OS were high KIF11 protein, high KIF11 protein + low KIF14 protein, low KIF11 mRNA and low KIF14 mRNA. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the gene sets related to the cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair and recombination, among others, were positively associated with KIF11 or KIF14 expression in CRC tissues. In TCGA cohort, the positive correlations between several measures related to GIN and the expression of KIFs were also demonstrated. In conclusion, our results suggest that CRC patients can be stratified into distinct risk categories by biological and molecular determinants, such as KIF11 and KIF14 expression and, mechanistically, this is likely attributable to their role in maintaining genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Neska-Długosz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Tojek
- Department of General, Colorectal and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-4200; Fax: +48-52-585-4049
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15
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Huang R, Zhou PK. DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:254. [PMID: 34238917 PMCID: PMC8266832 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is the hallmark of various cancers with the increasing accumulation of DNA damage. The application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment is typically based on this property of cancers. However, the adverse effects including normal tissues injury are also accompanied by the radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted cancer therapy has the potential to suppress cancer cells' DNA damage response through tailoring therapy to cancer patients lacking specific DNA damage response functions. Obviously, understanding the broader role of DNA damage repair in cancers has became a basic and attractive strategy for targeted cancer therapy, in particular, raising novel hypothesis or theory in this field on the basis of previous scientists' findings would be important for future promising druggable emerging targets. In this review, we first illustrate the timeline steps for the understanding the roles of DNA damage repair in the promotion of cancer and cancer therapy developed, then we summarize the mechanisms regarding DNA damage repair associated with targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the specific proteins behind targeting DNA damage repair that initiate functioning abnormally duo to extrinsic harm by environmental DNA damage factors, also, the DNA damage baseline drift leads to the harmful intrinsic targeted cancer therapy. In addition, clinical therapeutic drugs for DNA damage and repair including therapeutic effects, as well as the strategy and scheme of relative clinical trials were intensive discussed. Based on this background, we suggest two hypotheses, namely "environmental gear selection" to describe DNA damage repair pathway evolution, and "DNA damage baseline drift", which may play a magnified role in mediating repair during cancer treatment. This two new hypothesis would shed new light on targeted cancer therapy, provide a much better or more comprehensive holistic view and also promote the development of new research direction and new overcoming strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China.
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16
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Bereketoglu C, Nacar G, Sari T, Mertoglu B, Pradhan A. Transcriptomic analysis of nonylphenol effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10794. [PMID: 33614281 PMCID: PMC7882136 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is a bioaccumulative environmental estrogen that is widely used as a nonionic surfactant. We have previously examined short-term effects of NP on yeast cells using microarray technology. In the present study, we investigated the adaptive response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 cells to NP exposure by analyzing genome-wide transcriptional profiles using RNA-sequencing. We used 2 mg/L NP concentration for 40 days of exposure. Gene expression analysis showed that a total of 948 genes were differentially expressed. Of these, 834 genes were downregulated, while 114 genes were significantly upregulated. GO enrichment analysis revealed that 369 GO terms were significantly affected by NP exposure. Further analysis showed that many of the differentially expressed genes were associated with oxidative phosphorylation, iron and copper acquisition, autophagy, pleiotropic drug resistance and cell cycle progression related processes such as DNA and mismatch repair, chromosome segregation, spindle checkpoint activity, and kinetochore organization. Overall, these results provide considerable information and a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive response to NP exposure at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Bereketoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gozde Nacar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Sari
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Mertoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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17
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Mismatch Repair Proteins in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Observational Study. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:803-816. [PMID: 33501557 PMCID: PMC8384930 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma are on the rise and the disease now ranks as the most common human papillomavirus-related cancer. Although risk factors have been extensively discussed in the literature, the role of the DNA mismatch repair system remains unanswered. To evaluate the impact of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunostaining on the tumor progression and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). This retrospective observational study comprised 50 cases of OPSCC. Immunohistochemistry for MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, MLH1, Ki67, p16 and caspase-3 was performed. The expression of these proteins was assessed in surgical resection margins, primary tumor (PT), and lymph node metastasis (LNM) of p16+ and p16- OPSCC. Clinical-pathological involvement in immunostaining was evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn or Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test and Spearman's correlation. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed with Log-Rank Mantel-Cox and Cox regression. MSH6 and caspase-3 showed high expression in PT (p16+ and p16 -) and in LNM (p16+ and p16-), and high levels of MSH2 were found in LNM (p16+ and p16 -). An imbalance in MutSα also was observed. PMS2 and caspase-3 expression was associated with poor survival in p16- OPSCC and, in multivariate analysis, MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1 had the poorest prognostic impact in p16+ OPSCC. MMR protein immunostaining is involved in OPSCC progression, dissemination and prognosis. The overexpression of MMR proteins as a response to increased DNA mismatch caused by cell proliferation and MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1 proteins might constitute a prognostic marker in p16+ OPSCC.
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18
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Chen Y, Geng A, Zhang W, Qian Z, Wan X, Jiang Y, Mao Z. Fight to the bitter end: DNA repair and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101154. [PMID: 32977059 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA carries the genetic information that directs complex biological processes; thus, maintaining a stable genome is critical for individual growth and development and for human health. DNA repair is a fundamental and conserved mechanism responsible for mending damaged DNA and restoring genomic stability, while its deficiency is closely related to multiple human disorders. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the field of DNA repair and aging. Here, we will extensively discuss the relationship among DNA damage, DNA repair, aging and aging-associated diseases based on the latest research. In addition, the possible role of DNA repair in several potential rejuvenation strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will also review the emerging methods that may facilitate future research on DNA repair.
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19
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Mitigation of host cell mutations and regime shift during microbial fermentation: a perspective from flux memory. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 66:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Zuilkoski CM, Skibbens RV. PCNA antagonizes cohesin-dependent roles in genomic stability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235103. [PMID: 33075068 PMCID: PMC7571713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PCNA sliding clamp binds factors through which histone deposition, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair are coupled to DNA replication. PCNA also directly binds Eco1/Ctf7 acetyltransferase, which in turn activates cohesins and establishes cohesion between nascent sister chromatids. While increased recruitment thus explains the mechanism through which elevated levels of chromatin-bound PCNA rescue eco1 mutant cell growth, the mechanism through which PCNA instead worsens cohesin mutant cell growth remains unknown. Possibilities include that elevated levels of long-lived chromatin-bound PCNA reduce either cohesin deposition onto DNA or cohesin acetylation. Instead, our results reveal that PCNA increases the levels of both chromatin-bound cohesin and cohesin acetylation. Beyond sister chromatid cohesion, PCNA also plays a critical role in genomic stability such that high levels of chromatin-bound PCNA elevate genotoxic sensitivities and recombination rates. At a relatively modest increase of chromatin-bound PCNA, however, fork stability and progression appear normal in wildtype cells. Our results reveal that even a moderate increase of PCNA indeed sensitizes cohesin mutant cells to DNA damaging agents and in a process that involves the DNA damage response kinase Mec1(ATR), but not Tel1(ATM). These and other findings suggest that PCNA mis-regulation results in genome instabilities that normally are resolved by cohesin. Elevating levels of chromatin-bound PCNA may thus help target cohesinopathic cells linked that are linked to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Zuilkoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Skibbens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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21
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Liu JY, Zou T, Yin JY, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu ZQ, Chen J, Chen ZW. Genetic Variants in DNA Mismatch Repair Pathway predict prognosis of Lung Cancer patients with receiving Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. J Cancer 2020; 11:5281-5288. [PMID: 32742474 PMCID: PMC7391198 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationships between genetic variants in DNA mismatch repair pathway genes and the prognosis of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Methods: 346 lung cancer patients who received at least two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy were recruited in this study. A total of 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 7 DNA mismatch repair genes were genotyped to investigate their associations with platinum-based chemotherapy prognosis. Result: The results revealed that patients carried MSH2 rs4608577 TT genotype had a significantly shorter progression free survival than patients with GG or GT genotypes (Additive model: P=0.003, OR =0.94, 95% CI =0.33-1.57). Patients with SAPCD1 rs707937 TT genotype had a significantly longer overall survival than patients with GG or GT genotypes (Additive model: P=0.0003, OR=0.75, 95% CI =0.35-1.14). Eight SNPs and fourteen SNPs were related to progression free survival and overall survival in subgroup analyses, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the MSH2 rs4608577 and SAPCD1 rs707937 may be potential clinical biomarkers for predicting platinum-based chemotherapy prognosis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ting Zou
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Xinagya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung cancer and Gastrointestinal unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Hunan clinical research center in gynecologic cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Xinagya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinagya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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22
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MSH2 Overexpression Due to an Unclassified Variant in 3'-Untranslated Region in a Patient with Colon Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060167. [PMID: 32575404 PMCID: PMC7345785 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The loss or low expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes can result in genomic instability and tumorigenesis. One such gene, MSH2, is mutated or rearranged in Lynch syndrome (LS), which is characterized by a high risk of tumor development, including colorectal cancer. However, many variants identified in this gene are often defined as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). In this study, we selected a variant in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of MSH2 (c*226A > G), identified in three affected members of a LS family and already reported in the literature as a VUS. Methods: The effect of this variant on the activity of the MMR complex was examined using a set of functional assays to evaluate MSH2 expression. Results: We found MSH2 was overexpressed compared to healthy controls, as determined by RTqPCR and Western blot analyses of total RNA and proteins, respectively, extracted from peripheral blood samples. These results were confirmed by luciferase reporter gene assays. Conclusions: We therefore speculated that, in addition to canonical inactivation via a gene mutation, MMR activity may also be modulated by changes in MMR gene expression.
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23
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The special considerations of gene therapy for mitochondrial diseases. NPJ Genom Med 2020; 5:7. [PMID: 32140258 PMCID: PMC7051955 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent success of gene therapy across multiple clinical trials has inspired a great deal of hope regarding the treatment of previously intractable genetic diseases. This optimism has been extended to the prospect of gene therapy for mitochondrial disorders, which are not only particularly severe but also difficult to treat. However, this hope must be tempered by the reality of the mitochondrial organelle, which possesses specific biological properties that complicate genetic manipulation. In this perspective, we will discuss some of these complicating factors, including the unique pathways used to express and import mitochondrial proteins. We will also present some ways in which these challenges can be overcome by genetic manipulation strategies tailored specifically for mitochondrial diseases.
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24
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Paul Solomon Devakumar LJ, Gaubitz C, Lundblad V, Kelch BA, Kubota T. Effective mismatch repair depends on timely control of PCNA retention on DNA by the Elg1 complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:6826-6841. [PMID: 31114918 PMCID: PMC6648347 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a sliding clamp that acts as a central co-ordinator for mismatch repair (MMR) as well as DNA replication. Loss of Elg1, the major subunit of the PCNA unloader complex, causes over-accumulation of PCNA on DNA and also increases mutation rate, but it has been unclear if the two effects are linked. Here we show that timely removal of PCNA from DNA by the Elg1 complex is important to prevent mutations. Although premature unloading of PCNA generally increases mutation rate, the mutator phenotype of elg1Δ is attenuated by PCNA mutants PCNA-R14E and PCNA-D150E that spontaneously fall off DNA. In contrast, the elg1Δ mutator phenotype is exacerbated by PCNA mutants that accumulate on DNA due to enhanced electrostatic PCNA–DNA interactions. Epistasis analysis suggests that PCNA over-accumulation on DNA interferes with both MMR and MMR-independent process(es). In elg1Δ, over-retained PCNA hyper-recruits the Msh2–Msh6 mismatch recognition complex through its PCNA-interacting peptide motif, causing accumulation of MMR intermediates. Our results suggest that PCNA retention controlled by the Elg1 complex is critical for efficient MMR: PCNA needs to be on DNA long enough to enable MMR, but if it is retained too long it interferes with downstream repair steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Jael Paul Solomon Devakumar
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Christl Gaubitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Brian A Kelch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Takashi Kubota
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
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25
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Bao S, Zhao H, Yuan J, Fan D, Zhang Z, Su J, Zhou M. Computational identification of mutator-derived lncRNA signatures of genome instability for improving the clinical outcome of cancers: a case study in breast cancer. Brief Bioinform 2019; 21:1742-1755. [PMID: 31665214 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence revealed the critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining genomic instability. However, identification of genome instability-associated lncRNAs and their clinical significance in cancers remain largely unexplored. Here, we developed a mutator hypothesis-derived computational frame combining lncRNA expression profiles and somatic mutation profiles in a tumor genome and identified 128 novel genomic instability-associated lncRNAs in breast cancer as a case study. We then identified a genome instability-derived two lncRNA-based gene signature (GILncSig) that stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different outcome and was further validated in multiple independent patient cohorts. Furthermore, the GILncSig correlated with genomic mutation rate in both ovarian cancer and breast cancer, indicating its potential as a measurement of the degree of genome instability. The GILncSig was able to divide TP53 wide-type patients into two risk groups, with the low-risk group showing significantly improved outcome and the high-risk group showing no significant difference compared with those with TP53 mutation. In summary, this study provided a critical approach and resource for further studies examining the role of lncRNAs in genome instability and introduced a potential new avenue for identifying genomic instability-associated cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Bao
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yuan
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Fan
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Su
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
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26
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Kiwerska K, Szyfter K. DNA repair in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy-a double-edged sword. J Appl Genet 2019; 60:329-334. [PMID: 31468363 PMCID: PMC6803590 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-019-00516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomic and mitochondrial DNA molecules are exposed continuously for a damaging activity of chemical, physical, and internal genotoxicants. When DNA repair machinery is not working efficiently, the generation of DNA lesions and mutations leads to carcinogenic transformation. The high number of mutation going up to 105 per cell was recognized as a driving force of oncogenesis. Moreover, a high activity of DNA repair genes was hypothesized as a predisposition to metastasis. DNA repair potential has to be taken into account attempting to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. A low activity of DNA repair genes makes tumor cells more sensitive to therapy, but on the other hand, non-tumor cells getting lesions could form second primary cancer. Contrary, high activity of DNA repair genes counteracts attempted therapy. It means an individualized therapy based on recognition of DNA repair potential is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kiwerska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
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27
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Natali F, Rancati G. The Mutator Phenotype: Adapting Microbial Evolution to Cancer Biology. Front Genet 2019; 10:713. [PMID: 31447882 PMCID: PMC6691094 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutator phenotype hypothesis was postulated almost 40 years ago to reconcile the observation that while cancer cells display widespread mutational burden, acquisition of mutations in non-transformed cells is a rare event. Moreover, it also suggested that cancer evolution could be fostered by increased genome instability. Given the evolutionary conservation throughout the tree of life and the genetic tractability of model organisms, yeast and bacterial species pioneered studies to dissect the functions of genes required for genome maintenance (caretaker genes) or for cell growth control (gatekeeper genes). In this review, we first provide an overview of what we learned from model organisms about the roles of these genes and the genome instability that arises as a consequence of their dysregulation. We then discuss our current understanding of how mutator phenotypes shape the evolution of bacteria and yeast species. We end by bringing clinical evidence that lessons learned from single-cell organisms can be applied to tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Natali
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Rancati
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Chakraborty U, Mackenroth B, Shalloway D, Alani E. Chromatin Modifiers Alter Recombination Between Divergent DNA Sequences. Genetics 2019; 212:1147-1162. [PMID: 31221666 PMCID: PMC6707472 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombination between divergent DNA sequences is actively prevented by heteroduplex rejection mechanisms. In baker's yeast, such antirecombination mechanisms can be initiated by the recognition of DNA mismatches in heteroduplex DNA by MSH proteins, followed by recruitment of the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 helicase-topoisomerase complex to unwind the recombination intermediate. We previously showed that the repair/rejection decision during single-strand annealing recombination is temporally regulated by MSH (MutShomolog) protein levels and by factors that excise nonhomologous single-stranded tails. These observations, coupled with recent studies indicating that mismatch repair (MMR) factors interact with components of the histone chaperone machinery, encouraged us to explore roles for epigenetic factors and chromatin conformation in regulating the decision to reject vs. repair recombination between divergent DNA substrates. This work involved the use of an inverted repeat recombination assay thought to measure sister chromatid repair during DNA replication. Our observations are consistent with the histone chaperones CAF-1 and Rtt106, and the histone deacetylase Sir2, acting to suppress heteroduplex rejection and the Rpd3, Hst3, and Hst4 deacetylases acting to promote heteroduplex rejection. These observations, and double-mutant analysis, have led to a model in which nucleosomes located at DNA lesions stabilize recombination intermediates and compete with MMR factors that mediate heteroduplex rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujani Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2703
| | - Beata Mackenroth
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2703
| | - David Shalloway
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2703
| | - Eric Alani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2703
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29
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Li G, Zhang P, Zhang W, Lei Z, He J, Meng J, Di T, Yan W. Identification of key genes and pathways in Ewing's sarcoma patients associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4153-4165. [PMID: 31213834 PMCID: PMC6549663 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second commonest primary malignant bone neoplasm. Metastatic status at diagnosis strongly predicted poor prognosis of Ewing sarcoma patients. Yet little was known about the underlying mechanism of ES metastasis. Purpose:This study intended to identify the relationship between key genes/pathways and metastasis/poor prognosis in Ewing's sarcoma patients by using bioinformatic method. Methods: In this study, multi-center sequencing data were obtained from the GEO database, including gene and miRNA expression profile and prognosis information of ES patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between primary and metastasis ES samples by the GEO2R online tool. Gene ontology (Go) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. And PPI network analyses were conducted. The ES patient’s prognostic information was employed for survival analysis, and the potential relationship between miRNAs and key genes was analyzed. Results: The results showed that a total of 298 and 428 DEGs were screened out in metastasis samples based on GSE17618 and GSE12102 dataset compared to primary samples respectively. The most significantly enriched KEGG pathway was the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. MSH2, MSH6, RPA2, and RFC2 that belong to the MMR pathway were identified as key genes. Moreover, the expression of key genes was increased in metastasis samples compared with primary ones and was associated with poor event-free and overall survival of ES patients. The negative correlation of the expression level of the key genes with patients prognosis also supported by TCGA sarcoma database. Furthermore, knockdown of EWSR/FLI1 fusion in ES cell line A673 down-regulates the expression of the 4 key genes was revealed by GDS4962. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study indicated that the key genes promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of ES metastasis, and might be used as molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for the treatment of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuoyu Di
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People's Republic of China
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