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Hotek JC, Detwiler TJ, Chirinos JA, Regan CP. A generalized canine transfer function accurately reconstructs central aortic pressure waveforms to enable enhanced pulse wave analysis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 124:107476. [PMID: 37931824 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Routine preclinical blood pressure evaluation is an important risk assessment tool. Although proximal aortic pressure is most relevant for key target organs, abdominal aortic pressures are more commonly recorded. Pulse pressure amplification and waveform distortion in abdominal waveforms make it inappropriate for central hemodynamic analytical methods without the use of a mathematical transfer function. Clinical transfer functions have been developed to estimate ascending aortic waveforms from brachial or radial artery waveforms in humans, but no preclinical analogues exist. The aim of this study was to develop a canine-specific transfer function to reconstruct thoracic aortic pressure waveforms from abdominal aortic data to enable the application of central hemodynamic analytical methods. Simultaneous abdominal and thoracic blood pressures were recorded from seven conscious, male beagle dogs administered 3 well-characterized pharmacologic standards and animals were appointed to a training (n = 3) or validation (n = 4) group at baseline and during dosing. A generalized transfer function was developed from the training group data and evaluated for its ability to synthesize thoracic pressure waves in the training and validation groups. Select hemodynamic parameters were evaluated in measured and synthesized thoracic data. There was a high degree of correlation between measured and synthesized thoracic parameters (r2 = 0.74-0.99). There was no difference between indices computed from synthesized or actual thoracic waveforms at baseline or after administration of pharmacologic standards. This work demonstrates that a generalized preclinical transfer function can reproduce thoracic pressure waves across a range of hemodynamic responses thus enabling the application of central hemodynamic analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Hotek
- Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology (SEP), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Julio A Chirinos
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Moulton MJ, Secomb TW. A fast computational model for circulatory dynamics: effects of left ventricle-aorta coupling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:947-959. [PMID: 36639560 PMCID: PMC10167185 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The course of diseases such as hypertension, systolic heart failure and heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction is affected by interactions between the left ventricle (LV) and the vasculature. To study these interactions, a computationally efficient, biophysically based mathematical model for the circulatory system is presented. In a four-chamber model of the heart, the LV is represented by a previously described low-order, wall volume-preserving model that includes torsion and base-to-apex and circumferential wall shortening and lengthening, and the other chambers are represented using spherical geometries. Active and passive myocardial mechanics of all four chambers are included. The cardiac model is coupled with a wave propagation model for the aorta and a closed lumped-parameter circulation model. Parameters for the normal heart and aorta are determined by fitting to experimental data. Changes in the timing and magnitude of pulse wave reflections by the aorta are demonstrated with changes in compliance and taper of the aorta as seen in aging (decreased compliance, increased diameter and length), and resulting effects on LV pressure-volume loops and LV fiber stress and sarcomere shortening are predicted. Effects of aging of the aorta combined with reduced LV contractile force (failing heart) are examined. In the failing heart, changes in aortic properties with aging affect stroke volume and sarcomere shortening without appreciable augmentation of aortic pressure, and the reflected pressure wave contributes an increased proportion of aortic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Moulton
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982315 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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Arterial Blood-Flow Acceleration Time on Doppler Ultrasound Waveforms: What Are We Talking About? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031097. [PMID: 36769746 PMCID: PMC9917724 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the assessment of systolic acceleration in lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been brought back into the spotlight, whatever measure is used: time (in s) or acceleration (in cm.s-2). Acceleration time (also called systolic rise time) and maximal acceleration are two different but very useful measurements of growing interest in PAD. A background of the historical development, physics rationale, semantics, and methods of measurement, as well as their strengths and weaknesses, are discussed herein. Acceleration time is a powerful tool for predicting significant arterial stenosis or for estimating the overall impact of PAD as it is highly correlated to the ankle or toe pressure indexes. It could even become a new diagnostic criterion for critical limb ischemia. Similarly, maximal systolic acceleration ratios are highly predictive of carotid or renal stenosis. However, the literature lacks reference standards or guidelines for the assessment of such variables, and their measurement techniques seem to differ between authors. We propose herein a semantic and measurement statement order to clarify and help standardize future research.
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Nathaniel S, McGinty S, Witman MAH, Edwards DG, Farquhar WB, Hosmane V, Wenner MM. Impact of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition on vascular function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A pilot study. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15209. [PMID: 35246960 PMCID: PMC8897740 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms for the benefits of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition (ARNi) in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are likely beyond blood pressure reduction. Measures of vascular function such as arterial stiffness and endothelial function are strong prognostic markers of cardiovascular outcomes in HFrEF, yet the impact of ARNi on vascular health remains to be explored. We hypothesized that arterial stiffness and endothelial function would improve after 12 weeks of ARNi in HFrEF. We tested 10 stable HFrEF patients at baseline and following 12 weeks of ARNi [64 ± 9 years, Men/Women: 9/1, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF): 28 ± 6%] as well as 10 stable HFrEF patients that remained on conventional treatment (CON: 60 ± 7 years, Men/Women: 6/4, EF: 31 ± 5%; all p = NS). Arterial stiffness was assessed via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). PWV decreased after 12 weeks of ARNi (9.0 ± 2.1 vs. 7.1 ± 1.2 m/s; p < 0.01) but not in CON (7.0 ± 2.4 vs. 7.5 ± 2.3 m/s; p = 0.35), an effect that remained when controlling for reductions in mean arterial pressure (p < 0.01). FMD increased after 12 weeks of ARNi (2.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.5 ± 2.1%; p < 0.001) but not in CON (4.8 ± 3.8 vs. 5.4 ± 3.4%; p = 0.34). Baseline PWV (p = 0.06) and FMD (p = 0.07) were not different between groups. These preliminary data suggest that 12 weeks of ARNi therapy may reduce arterial stiffness and improve endothelial function in HFrEF. Thus, the findings from this pilot study suggest that the benefits of ARNi are beyond blood pressure reduction and include improvements in vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Nathaniel
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Shane McGinty
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Melissa A. H. Witman
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - David G. Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - William B. Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Vinay Hosmane
- Hosmane Cardiology and Section of CardiologyChristiana Care Healthcare SystemNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Megan M. Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
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The Role of Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics in Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:209-230. [PMID: 36262174 PMCID: PMC9536727 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2020.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Whereas traditional understanding of left ventricular afterload was focused on a steady-state circulation model with continuous pressures and flow, a more realistic concept is emerging, taking the pulsatile nature of the heart and the arterial system into account. The most simple measure of pulsatility is brachial pulse pressure, representing the pulsatility fluctuating around the mean blood pressure level. Brachial pulse pressure is widely available, fundamentally associated with the development and treatment of heart failure (HF), but its analysis is often confounded in patients with established HF. The next step of analysis consists of arterial stiffness, central (rather than brachial) pressures, and of wave reflections. The latter are closely related to left ventricular late systolic afterload, ventricular remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, exercise capacity, and, in the long term, the risk of new-onset HF. Wave reflection may also evolve as a suitable therapeutic target for HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. A full understanding of ventricular-arterial coupling, however, requires dedicated analysis of time-resolved pressure and flow signals. This review provides a summary of current understanding of pulsatile hemodynamics in HF.
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Weber T, Chirinos JA. Pulsatile arterial haemodynamics in heart failure. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:3847-3854. [PMID: 29947746 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the cyclic function of the human heart, pressure and flow in the circulation are pulsatile rather than continuous. Addressing pulsatile haemodynamics starts with the most convenient measurement, brachial pulse pressure, which is widely available, related to development and treatment of heart failure (HF), but often confounded in patients with established HF. The next level of analysis consists of central (rather than brachial) pressures and, more importantly, of wave reflections. The latter are closely related to left ventricular late systolic afterload, ventricular remodelling, diastolic dysfunction, exercise capacity, and, in the long-term, the risk of new-onset HF. Wave reflection may also represent a suitable therapeutic target. Treatments for HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction, based on a reduction of wave reflection, are emerging. A full understanding of ventricular-arterial coupling, however, requires dedicated analysis of time-resolved pressure and flow signals, which can be readily accomplished with contemporary non-invasive imaging and modelling techniques. This review provides a summary of our current understanding of pulsatile haemodynamics in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weber
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Austria
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Godoy B, Suzuki T, Banach M, von Haehling S. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the development of heart failure: an overview of risk and effects on cardiac function. Clin Res Cardiol 2018; 108:225-233. [PMID: 30091084 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-018-1340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) ranges from 5 to 15% of the general population. However, it remains controversial if SCH warrants life-long thyroxine replacement therapy. Patients with a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level > 10 mIU/L have a higher risk of developing heart failure with reduced ejection fraction as compared to subjects with normal thyroid function. However, abnormally high TSH levels could also be connected with an overall lower metabolic rate and better survival in elderly subjects. The potential mechanisms responsible for diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) in SCH are connected with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, inflammatory state and are driven by TSH apoptosis-derived microparticles. The impact of SCH on LV systolic function is more controversial, and it is connected not only with cardiac remodelling but also with predisposition of patients with SCH to the conditions leading to heart failure. This review presents an overview of processes in the context of potential benefits of thyroxine supplementation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz (UMED), Lodz, Poland.,Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (ICZMP), Lodz, Poland
| | - Breno Godoy
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz (UMED), Lodz, Poland
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
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Lüers C, Trippel TD, Seeländer S, Wachter R, Hasenfuss G, Lindhorst R, Bobenko A, Nolte K, Pieske B, Edelmann F. Arterial stiffness and elevated left ventricular filling pressure in patients at risk for the development or a previous diagnosis of HF—A subgroup analysis from the DIAST-CHF study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:303-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Measures of interaction between the left ventricle (LV) and arterial system (ventricular-arterial coupling) are important but under-recognised cardiovascular phenotypes in heart failure. Ventriculo-arterial coupling is commonly assessed in the pressure-volume plane, using the ratio of effective arterial elastance (EA) to LV end-systolic elastance (EES) to provide information on ventricular-arterial system mechanical efficiency and performance when LV ejection fraction is abnormal. These analyses have significant limitations, such as neglecting systolic loading sequence, and are less informative in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). EA is almost entirely dependent on vascular resistance and heart rate. Assessment of pulsatile arterial haemodynamics and time-resolved myocardial wall stress provide critical incremental physiological information and should be more widely utilised. Pulsatile arterial load represents a promising therapeutic target in HFpEF. Here, we review various approaches to assess ventricular-arterial interactions, and their pathophysiological and clinical implications in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Chirinos
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Sweitzer
- Tucson and Arizona Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Kim G, Kim JH, Moon KW, Yoo KD, Kim CM, Moon D, Lee SN. The Relationships Between the Arterial Stiffness Index Measured at the Radial Artery and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Asymptomatic High Risk Patients Without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Int Heart J 2016; 57:73-9. [PMID: 26742882 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is associated with atherosclerosis and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in general or hypertensive patients. However, the relationships between the arterial stiffness index measured at the radial artery and LV diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic high-risk patients without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have not been fully established.A total 532 statin-naïve patients (male:female ratio, 230:302, mean age, 56.0 ± 9.2 years) without ASCVD were enrolled from among subjects who simultaneously underwent transthoracic echocardiography and noninvasive semiautomated radial artery applanation tonometry from July 2011 to May 2014. Of these patients, 213 were categorized as the statin benefit group (Benefit) according to guidelines for blood cholesterol treatment, and the rest were placed in the nonbenefit control group (NoBenefit). Each group was subdivided into two groups (Y or N) according to antihypertensive medication administration. Thus, there were 4 groups: BenefitN (n = 80), BenefitY (n = 133), NoBenefitN (n = 251), and NoBenefitY (n = 68). There were significant differences in echocardiographic parameters of LV function and indices of arterial stiffness between the Benefit and NoBenefit groups. After adjusting for several risk factors, independent significant associations between echocardiographic parameters of LV diastolic function and arterial indices were identified with multivariate linear regression analysis in the Benefit patients.Parameters of arterial stiffness measured at the radial artery are associated with echocardiographic indices of LV diastolic function in asymptomatic high-risk patients without ASCVD. Therapies that prevent progression of arterial stiffness and reduce late-systolic pressure overload may help to reduce the prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- GeeHee Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St.Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea
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Beck DT, Casey DP, Martin JS, Sardina PD, Braith RW. Enhanced external counterpulsation reduces indices of central blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:315-20. [PMID: 25676084 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy decreases angina episodes and improves quality of life in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms relative to the benefits of EECP therapy in patients with LV dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EECP on indices of central haemodynamics, aortic pressure wave reflection characteristics, and estimates of LV load and myocardial oxygen demand in patients with LV dysfunction. Patients with chronic stable angina and LV ejection fraction < 40% but > 30%, were randomized to either an EECP group (LV ejection fraction = 35.1 ± 4.6%; n = 10) or sham-EECP group (LV ejection fraction = 34.3 ± 4.2%; n = 7). Pulse wave analysis of the central aortic pressure waveform and LV function were evaluated by applanation tonometry before and after 35 1-h sessions of EECP or sham-EECP. Enhanced external counterpulsation therapy was effective in reducing indices of LV wasted energy and myocardial oxygen demand by 25% and 19%, respectively. In addition, indices of coronary perfusion pressure and subendocardial perfusion were increased by 9% and 30%, respectively, after EECP. Our data indicate that EECP may be useful as adjuvant therapy for improving functional classification in heart failure patients through reductions in central blood pressure, aortic pulse pressure, wasted LV energy, and myocardial oxygen demand, which also suggests improvements in ventricular-vascular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren T Beck
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Ye Z, Coutinho T, Pellikka PA, Villarraga HR, Borlaug BA, Kullo IJ. Associations of Alterations in Pulsatile Arterial Load With Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:1325-31. [PMID: 25840581 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased arterial stiffness leads to increased pulsatile load on the heart. We investigated associations of components of pulsatile load with a measure of left ventricular (LV) systolic function-global longitudinal strain (GLS), in a community-based cohort ascertained based on family history of hypertension. METHODS Arterial tonometry and echocardiography with speckle tracking were performed in 520 adults with normal LV ejection fraction (EF) (age 67±9 years, 70% hypertensive) to quantify measures of pulsatile load (characteristic aortic impedance (Zc), total arterial compliance (TAC), and augmentation index (AI)) and GLS. The associations of log-Zc, log-TAC, and AI with GLS were assessed using sex-specific z-scores for each measure of arterial load. RESULTS In univariable analyses, higher Zc was associated with worse GLS (less negative) and higher TAC and AI were associated with better GLS (all P < 0.001). In a multivariable model including age, sex, heart rate (HR), LVEF, mean arterial load (systemic vascular resistance), and measures of pulsatile load, Zc remained associated with GLS (β = 0.28, P < 0.001), while the associations of TAC and AI were no longer significant (P > 0.5). Additional adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and history of coronary heart disease and stroke did not attenuate the association of Zc with GLS; Zc, sex, HR, LVEF remained associated with GLS after stepwise elimination (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Greater proximal aortic stiffness, as manifested by a higher Zc, is independently associated with worse LV longitudinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thais Coutinho
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patricia A Pellikka
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hector R Villarraga
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Babcock MC, Lefferts WK, Heffernan KS. Relation between exercise central haemodynamic response and resting cardiac structure and function in young healthy men. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:372-378. [PMID: 26519349 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) structure and function are predictors of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and are related to resting peripheral haemodynamic load in older adults. The central haemodynamic response to exercise may reveal associations with LV structure and function not detected by traditional peripheral (brachial) measures in a younger population. PURPOSE To examine correlations between acute exercise-induced changes in central artery stiffness and wave reflections and measures of resting LV structure and function. METHODS Sixteen healthy men (age 26 ± 6 year; BMI 25·3 ± 2·7 kg m-2 ) had measures of central haemodynamic load measured before/after a 30-s Wingate anaerobic test (WAT). Common carotid artery stiffness and reflected wave intensity were assessed via wave intensity analysis as a regional pulse wave velocity (PWV) and negative area (NA), respectively. Resting LV structure (LV mass) and function [midwall fractional shortening (mFS)] were assessed using M-mode echocardiography in the parasternal short-axis view. RESULTS There was a significant association between mFS and WAT-mediated change in carotid systolic BP (r = -0·57, P = 0·011), logNA (r = -0·58, P = 0·009) and PWV (r = -0·44, P = 0·045). There were no significant associations between resting mFS and changes in brachial systolic BP (r = -0·26, P>0·05). There were no associations between resting LV mass and changes in any haemodynamic variable (P>0·05). CONCLUSION Exercise-induced increases in central haemodynamic load reveal associations with lower resting LV function in young healthy men undetected by traditional peripheral haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Babcock
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Wesley K Lefferts
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kevin S Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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