1
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Wu L, Liu H, Xu X, Huang C, Li Y, Xiao X, Zhan Y, Gao C. Serum N-glycomic profiling identifies candidate biomarker panels for assessing coronary artery stenosis severity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29443. [PMID: 38633623 PMCID: PMC11021961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Stenosis severity may escalate over the course of coronary artery disease (CAD), increasing the risk of death for the patient. Conventionally, the assessment of stenosis degree relies on invasive coronary angiography (ICA), an invasive examination unsuitable for patients in poor physical condition or those with contrast allergies and one that imposes a psychological burden on patients. Although abnormal serum N-glycan profiles have exhibited robust associations with various cardiovascular diseases, including CAD, their potential in diagnosing CAD stenosis remains to be determined. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of serum N-glycome from 132 patients who underwent ICA and 27 healthy controls using MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry. The patients who underwent ICA examination were categorized into four groups based on stenosis severity: no/mild/moderate/severe stenosis. Twenty-seven N-glycans were directly quantified, and 47 derived glycan traits were obtained. Notably, among these 74 glycan features, 18 exhibited variations across the study groups. Using a combination of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression analyses, we developed five diagnostic models for recognizing stenosis degree. Our results suggested that alterations in serum N-glycosylation modifications might be valuable for identifying stenosis degree and monitoring disease progression in individuals with CAD. It is expected to offer a noninvasive alternative for those who could not undergo ICA because of various reasons. However, the diagnostic potential of serum N-glycan panels as biomarkers requires multicenter, large cohort validation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Haoqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chenjun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yueping Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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2
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Smith MM, Melrose J. Lumican, a Multifunctional Cell Instructive Biomarker Proteoglycan Has Novel Roles as a Marker of the Hypercoagulative State of Long Covid Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2825. [PMID: 38474072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has reviewed the many roles of lumican as a biomarker of tissue pathology in health and disease. Lumican is a structure regulatory proteoglycan of collagen-rich tissues, with cell instructive properties through interactions with a number of cell surface receptors in tissue repair, thereby regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and the innate and humoral immune systems to combat infection. The exponential increase in publications in the last decade dealing with lumican testify to its role as a pleiotropic biomarker regulatory protein. Recent findings show lumican has novel roles as a biomarker of the hypercoagulative state that occurs in SARS CoV-2 infections; thus, it may also prove useful in the delineation of the complex tissue changes that characterize COVID-19 disease. Lumican may be useful as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of long COVID disease and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Arthropharm Pty Ltd., Bondi Junction, NSW 2022, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Anousakis-Vlachochristou N, Athanasiadou D, Carneiro KM, Toutouzas K. Focusing on the Native Matrix Proteins in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1028-1039. [PMID: 37719438 PMCID: PMC10504402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a widespread valvular heart disease affecting people in aging societies, primarily characterized by fibrosis, inflammation, and progressive calcification, leading to valve orifice stenosis. Understanding the factors associated with CAVS onset and progression is crucial to develop effective future pharmaceutical therapies. In CAVS, native extracellular matrix proteins modifications, play a significant role in calcification in vitro and in vivo. This work aimed to review the evidence on the alterations of structural native extracellular matrix proteins involved in calcification development during CAVS and highlight its link to deregulated biomechanical function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina M.M. Carneiro
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, First Department of Cardiology, Athens, Greece
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4
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Semenova D, Zabirnyk A, Lobov A, Boyarskaya N, Kachanova O, Uspensky V, Zainullina B, Denisov E, Gerashchenko T, Kvitting JPE, Kaljusto ML, Thiede B, Kostareva A, Stensløkken KO, Vaage J, Malashicheva A. Multi-omics of in vitro aortic valve calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1043165. [PMID: 36407442 PMCID: PMC9669078 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1043165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart valve calcification is an active cellular and molecular process that partly remains unknown. Osteogenic differentiation of valve interstitial cells (VIC) is a central mechanism in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Studying mechanisms in CAVD progression is clearly needed. In this study, we compared molecular mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation of human VIC isolated from healthy donors or patients with CAVD by RNA-seq transcriptomics in early timepoint (48 h) and by shotgun proteomics at later timepoint (10th day). Bioinformatic analysis revealed genes and pathways involved in the regulation of VIC osteogenic differentiation. We found a high amount of stage-specific differentially expressed genes and good accordance between transcriptomic and proteomic data. Functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins revealed that osteogenic differentiation of VIC involved many signaling cascades such as: PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Ras, TNF signaling pathways. Wnt, FoxO, and HIF-1 signaling pathways were modulated only at the early timepoint and thus probably involved in the commitment of VIC to osteogenic differentiation. We also observed a significant shift of some metabolic pathways in the early stage of VIC osteogenic differentiation. Lentiviral overexpression of one of the most upregulated genes (ZBTB16, PLZF) increased calcification of VIC after osteogenic stimulation. Analysis with qPCR and shotgun proteomics suggested a proosteogenic role of ZBTB16 in the early stages of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Semenova
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arsenii Zabirnyk
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arseniy Lobov
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Olga Kachanova
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Uspensky
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bozhana Zainullina
- Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gerashchenko
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - John-Peder Escobar Kvitting
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bernd Thiede
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Heart Physiology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Trindade F, Ferreira AF, Saraiva F, Martins D, Mendes VM, Sousa C, Gavina C, Leite-Moreira A, Manadas B, Falcão-Pires I, Vitorino R. Optimization of a Protocol for Protein Extraction from Calcified Aortic Valves for Proteomics Applications: Development of a Standard Operating Procedure. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10030030. [PMID: 36136308 PMCID: PMC9505568 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms, the identification of druggable targets, and putative biomarkers for aortic valve stenosis can be pursued through holistic approaches such as proteomics. However, tissue homogenization and protein extraction are made difficult by tissue calcification. The reproducibility of proteome studies is key in clinical translation of the findings. Thus, we aimed to optimize a protocol for aortic valve homogenization and protein extraction and to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP), which researchers can use to maximize protein yield while reducing inter-laboratory variability. We have compared the protein yield between conventional tissue grinding in nitrogen followed by homogenization with a Potter apparatus with a more advanced bead-beating system. Once we confirmed the superiority of the latter, we further optimized it by testing the effect of beads size, the number of homogenization cycles, tube capacity, lysis buffer/tissue mass ratio, and two different lysis buffers. Optimal protein extraction was achieved with 2.8 mm zirconium dioxide beads, in two homogenization cycles, in the presence of 20 µL RIPA buffer/mg tissue, using 2 mL O-ring cryotubes. As a proof of concept of the usefulness of this SOP for proteomics, the AV proteome of men and women with aortic stenosis was characterized, resulting in the quantification of proteins across six orders of magnitude and uncovering some putative proteins dysregulated by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Trindade
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana F. Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Saraiva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Martins
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M. Mendes
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Sousa
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Gavina
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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6
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Bogdanova M, Zabirnyk A, Malashicheva A, Semenova D, Kvitting JPE, Kaljusto ML, Perez MDM, Kostareva A, Stensløkken KO, Sullivan GJ, Rutkovskiy A, Vaage J. Models and Techniques to Study Aortic Valve Calcification in Vitro, ex Vivo and in Vivo. An Overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835825. [PMID: 35721220 PMCID: PMC9203042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis secondary to aortic valve calcification is the most common valve disease in the Western world. Calcification is a result of pathological proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of resident valve interstitial cells. To develop non-surgical treatments, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathological calcification must be revealed. In the current overview, we present methods for evaluation of calcification in different ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo situations including imaging in patients. The latter include echocardiography, scanning with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Particular emphasis is on translational studies of calcific aortic valve stenosis with a special focus on cell culture using human primary cell cultures. Such models are widely used and suitable for screening of drugs against calcification. Animal models are presented, but there is no animal model that faithfully mimics human calcific aortic valve disease. A model of experimentally induced calcification in whole porcine aortic valve leaflets ex vivo is also included. Finally, miscellaneous methods and aspects of aortic valve calcification, such as, for instance, biomarkers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bogdanova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arsenii Zabirnyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Semenova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Mari-Liis Kaljusto
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Woman and Children Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arkady Rutkovskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Hypoxic Culture Maintains Cell Growth of the Primary Human Valve Interstitial Cells with Stemness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910534. [PMID: 34638873 PMCID: PMC8508607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) cultured under optimal conditions is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis. Here, we propose 2% hypoxia as an optimum VIC culture condition. Leaflets harvested from patients with aortic valve regurgitation were digested using collagenase and VICs were cultured under the 2% hypoxic condition. A significant increase in VIC growth was observed in 2% hypoxia (hypo-VICs), compared to normoxia (normo-VICs). RNA-sequencing revealed that downregulation of oxidative stress-marker genes (such as superoxide dismutase) and upregulation of cell cycle accelerators (such as cyclins) occurred in hypo-VICs. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species was observed in normo-VICs, indicating that low oxygen tension can avoid oxidative stress with cell-cycle arrest. Further mRNA quantifications revealed significant upregulation of several mesenchymal and hematopoietic progenitor markers, including CD34, in hypo-VICs. The stemness of hypo-VICs was confirmed using osteoblast differentiation assays, indicating that hypoxic culture is beneficial for maintaining growth and stemness, as well as for avoiding senescence via oxidative stress. The availability of hypoxic culture was also demonstrated in the molecular screening using proteomics. Therefore, hypoxic culture can be helpful for the identification of therapeutic targets and the evaluation of VIC molecular functions in vitro.
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8
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Büttner P, Feistner L, Lurz P, Thiele H, Hutcheson JD, Schlotter F. Dissecting Calcific Aortic Valve Disease-The Role, Etiology, and Drivers of Valvular Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:660797. [PMID: 34041283 PMCID: PMC8143377 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.660797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a highly prevalent and progressive disorder that ultimately causes gradual narrowing of the left ventricular outflow orifice with ensuing devastating hemodynamic effects on the heart. Calcific mineral accumulation is the hallmark pathology defining this process; however, fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that leads to extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue and distortion of the valvular microarchitecture similarly has major biomechanical and functional consequences for heart valve function. Significant advances have been made to unravel the complex mechanisms that govern these active, cell-mediated processes, yet the interplay between fibrosis and calcification and the individual contribution to progressive extracellular matrix stiffening require further clarification. Specifically, we discuss (1) the valvular biomechanics and layered ECM composition, (2) patterns in the cellular contribution, temporal onset, and risk factors for valvular fibrosis, (3) imaging valvular fibrosis, (4) biomechanical implications of valvular fibrosis, and (5) molecular mechanisms promoting fibrotic tissue remodeling and the possibility of reverse remodeling. This review explores our current understanding of the cellular and molecular drivers of fibrogenesis and the pathophysiological role of fibrosis in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Büttner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Feistner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua D. Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Spatial N-glycomics of the human aortic valve in development and pediatric endstage congenital aortic valve stenosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:6-20. [PMID: 33516683 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital aortic valve stenosis (AS) progresses as an obstructive narrowing of the aortic orifice due to deregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production by aortic valve (AV) leaflets and leads to heart failure with no effective therapies. Changes in glycoprotein and proteoglycan distribution are a hallmark of AS, yet valvular carbohydrate content remains virtually uncharacterized at the molecular level. While almost all glycoproteins clinically linked to stenotic valvular modeling contain multiple sites for N-glycosylation, there are very few reports aimed at understanding how N-glycosylation contributes to the valve structure in disease. Here, we tested for spatial localization of N-glycan structures within pediatric congenital aortic valve stenosis. The study was done on valvular tissues 0-17 years of age with de-identified clinical data reporting pre-operative valve function spanning normal development, aortic valve insufficiency (AVI), and pediatric endstage AS. High mass accuracy imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used to localize N-glycan profiles in the AV structure. RNA-Seq was used to identify regulation of N-glycan related enzymes. The N-glycome was found to be spatially localized in the normal aortic valve, aligning with fibrosa, spongiosa or ventricularis. In AVI diagnosed tissue, N-glycans localized to hypertrophic commissures with increases in pauci-mannose structures. In all valve types, sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) N-glycans were the most abundant N-glycan group. Three sialylated N-glycans showed common elevation in AS independent of age. On-tissue chemical methods optimized for valvular tissue determined that aortic valve tissue sialylation shows both α2,6 and α2,3 linkages. Specialized enzymatic strategies demonstrated that core fucosylation is the primary fucose configuration and localizes to the normal fibrosa with disparate patterning in AS. This study identifies that the human aortic valve structure is spatially defined by N-glycomic signaling and may generate new research directions for the treatment of human aortic valve disease.
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10
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Extracellular Matrix in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Architecture, Dynamic and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020913. [PMID: 33477599 PMCID: PMC7831300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and in the ageing population. It is strongly correlated to median age, affecting up to 13% of the population over the age of 65. Pathophysiological analysis indicates CAVD as a result of an active and degenerative disease, starting with sclerosis and chronic inflammation and then leaflet calcification, which ultimately can account for aortic stenosis. Although CAVD has been firstly recognized as a passive event mostly resulting from a degenerative aging process, much evidences suggests that calcification arises from different active processes, involving both aortic valve-resident cells (valve endothelial cells, valve interstitial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, innate immunity cells) and circulating cells (circulating mesenchymal cells, immunity cells). Moreover, a role for the cell-derived "matrix vesicles" and extracellular matrix (ECM) components has also been recognized. The aim of this work is to review the cellular and molecular alterations occurring in aortic valve during CAVD pathogenesis, focusing on the role of ECM in the natural course of the disease.
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11
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Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Reveals a Link to the Formation of Amyloid-Like Deposits. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102164. [PMID: 32987857 PMCID: PMC7600313 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease in the developed world, yet no pharmacological therapy exists. Here, we hypothesize that the integration of multiple omic data represents an approach towards unveiling novel molecular networks in CAVD. Databases were searched for CAVD omic studies. Differentially expressed molecules from calcified and control samples were retrieved, identifying 32 micro RNAs (miRNA), 596 mRNAs and 80 proteins. Over-representation pathway analysis revealed platelet degranulation and complement/coagulation cascade as dysregulated pathways. Multi-omics integration of overlapping proteome/transcriptome molecules, with the miRNAs, identified a CAVD protein–protein interaction network containing seven seed genes (apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), hemoglobin subunit β (HBB), transferrin (TF), α-2-macroglobulin (A2M), transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBI), serpin family A member 1 (SERPINA1), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3) and immunoglobulin κ constant (IGKC)), four input miRNAs (miR-335-5p, miR-3663-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p) and two connector genes (amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) and transthyretin (TTR)). In a metabolite–gene–disease network, Alzheimer’s disease exhibited the highest degree of betweenness. To further strengthen the associations based on the multi-omics approach, we validated the presence of APP and TTR in calcified valves from CAVD patients by immunohistochemistry. Our study suggests a novel molecular CAVD network potentially linked to the formation of amyloid-like structures. Further investigations on the associated mechanisms and therapeutic potential of targeting amyloid-like deposits in CAVD may offer significant health benefits.
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12
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Patient Management in Aortic Stenosis: Towards Precision Medicine Through Protein Analysis, Imaging and Diagnostic Tests. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082421. [PMID: 32731585 PMCID: PMC7463596 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis is the most frequent valvular disease in developed countries. It progresses from mild fibrocalcific leaflet changes to a more severe leaflet calcification at the end stages of the disease. Unfortunately, symptoms of aortic stenosis are unspecific and only appear when it is too late, complicating patients' management. The global impact of aortic stenosis is increasing due to the growing elderly population. The disease supposes a great challenge because of the multiple comorbidities of these patients. Nowadays, the only effective treatment is valve replacement, which has a high cost in both social and economic terms. For that reason, it is crucial to find potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic indicators that could help us to detect this disease in its earliest stages. In this article, we comprehensively review several key observations and translational studies related to protein markers that are promising for being implemented in the clinical field as well as a discussion about the role of precision medicine in aortic stenosis.
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Heat shock protein 90 is downregulated in calcific aortic valve disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:306. [PMID: 31856737 PMCID: PMC6923932 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an atheroinflammatory process; finally it leads to progressive calcification of the valve. There is no effective pharmacological treatment for CAVD and many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We conducted a proteomic study to reveal novel factors associated with CAVD. Methods We compared aortic valves from patients undergoing valvular replacement surgery due to non-calcified aortic insufficiency (control group, n = 5) to a stenotic group (n = 7) using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Protein spots were identified with mass spectrometry. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the results in a separate patient cohort and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was exploited to predict the regulatory network of CAVD. Results We detected an upregulation of complement 9 (C9), serum amyloid P-component (APCS) and transgelin as well as downregulation of heat shock protein (HSP90), protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), annexin A2 (ANXA2) and galectin-1 in patients with aortic valve stenosis. The decreased protein expression of HSP90 was confirmed with Western blot. Conclusions We describe here a novel data set of proteomic changes associated with CAVD, including downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytosolic protein, HSP90.
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Chang HH, Cheng CL, Wang WC, Huang PJ, Lin SY. Assessment of Unicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis Using Multimodality Imaging, X-ray Radiography and Raman Analysis. Int Heart J 2019; 60:482-488. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Huang Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Ching-Li Cheng
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Institute of Nursing
| | - Wei-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Pei-Jung Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Shan-Yang Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology
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A Proteomic Approach for Understanding the Mechanisms of Delayed Corneal Wound Healing in Diabetic Keratopathy Using Diabetic Model Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113635. [PMID: 30453691 PMCID: PMC6274742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder, and long-term hyperglycemia in diabetics leads to diabetic keratopathy. In the present study, we used a shotgun liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based global proteomic approach using the cornea of streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ) rats to examine the mechanisms of delayed corneal wound healing in diabetic keratopathy. Applying a label-free quantitation method based on spectral counting, we identified 188 proteins that showed expression changes of >2.0-fold in the cornea of STZ rats. In particular, the level of lumican expression in the cornea of STZ rats was higher than that of the normal rats. In the cornea of the normal rat, the expression level of lumican was elevated during the wound healing process, and it returned to the same expression level as before cornea injury after the wound was healed completely. On the other hand, a high expression level of lumican in the cornea of STZ rats was still maintained even after the wound was healed completely. In addition, adhesion deficiency in corneal basal cells and Bowman’s membrane was observed in the STZ rat. Thus, abnormally overexpressed lumican may lead to adhesion deficiency in the cornea of STZ rats.
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Protein N-Glycosylation in Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Risk Factors. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-018-0579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Stephens EH, Han J, Trawick EA, Di Martino ES, Akkiraju H, Brown LM, Connell JP, Grande-Allen KJ, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Takayama H. Left-Ventricular Assist Device Impact on Aortic Valve Mechanics, Proteomics and Ultrastructure. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 105:572-580. [PMID: 29223417 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic regurgitation is a prevalent, detrimental complication of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). The altered hemodynamics of LVADs results in aortic valves (AVs) having distinct mechanical stimulation. Our hypothesis was that the altered AV hemodynamics modulates the valve cells and matrix, resulting in changes in valvular mechanical properties that then can lead to regurgitation. METHODS AVs were collected from 16 LVAD and 6 non-LVAD patients at time of heart transplant. Standard demographic and preoperative data were collected and comparisons between the two groups were calculated using standard statistical methods. Samples were analyzed using biaxial mechanical tensile testing, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and transmission electron microscopy to assess ultrastructure. RESULTS The maximum circumferential leaflet strain in LVAD patients was less than in non-LVAD patients (0.35 ± 0.10MPa versus 0.52 ± 0.18 MPa, p = 0.03) with a trend of reduced radial strain (p = 0.06) and a tendency for the radial strain to decrease with increasing LVAD duration (p = 0.063). Numerous proteins associated with actin and myosin, immune signaling and oxidative stress, and transforming growth factor β were increased in LVAD patients. Ultrastructural analysis showed a trend of increased fiber diameter in LVAD patients (46.2 ± 7.2 nm versus 45.1 ± 6.9 nm, p = 0.10), but no difference in fiber density. CONCLUSIONS AVs in LVAD patients showed decreased compliance and increased expression of numerous proteins related to valve activation and injury compared to non-LVAD patients. Further knowledge of AV changes leading to regurgitation in LVAD patients and the pathways by which they occur may provide an opportunity for interventions to prevent and/or reverse this detrimental complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Stephens
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Jiho Han
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Emma A Trawick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elena S Di Martino
- Schulich School of Engineering and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hemanth Akkiraju
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lewis M Brown
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hiroo Takayama
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Trindade F, Ferreira R, Magalhães B, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I, Vitorino R. How to use and integrate bioinformatics tools to compare proteomic data from distinct conditions? A tutorial using the pathological similarities between Aortic Valve Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease as a case-study. J Proteomics 2017; 171:37-52. [PMID: 28336332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays we are surrounded by a plethora of bioinformatics tools, powerful enough to deal with the large amounts of data arising from proteomic studies, but whose application is sometimes hard to find. Therefore, we used a specific clinical problem - to discriminate pathophysiology and potential biomarkers between two similar cardiovascular diseases, aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) - to make a step-by-step guide through four bioinformatics tools: STRING, DisGeNET, Cytoscape and ClueGO. Proteome data was collected from articles available on PubMed centered on proteomic studies enrolling subjects with AVS or CAD. Through the analysis of gene ontology provided by STRING and ClueGO we could find specific biological phenomena associated with AVS, such as down-regulation of elastic fiber assembly, and with CAD, such as up-regulation of plasminogen activation. Moreover, through Cytoscape and DisGeNET we could pinpoint surrogate markers either for AVS (e.g. popeye domain containing protein 2 and 28S ribosomal protein S36, mitochondrial) or for CAD (e.g. ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 7) which deserve future validation. Data recycling and integration as well as research orientation are among the main advantages of resorting to bioinformatics analysis, hence these tutorials can be of great convenience for proteomics investigators. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE As we saw for aortic valve stenosis and coronary artery disease, it can be of great relevance to perform preliminary bioinformatics analysis with already published proteomics data. It not only saves us time in the lab (avoiding work duplication) as it points out new hypothesis to explain the phenotypical presentation of the diseases as well as new surrogate markers with clinical relevance, deserving future scrutiny. These essential steps can be easily overcome if one follows the steps proposed in our tutorial for STRING, DisGeNET, Cytoscape and ClueGO utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Trindade
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Magalhães
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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