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Hall DD, Takeshima H, Song LS. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Junctophilin Family. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:123-147. [PMID: 37931168 PMCID: PMC10922073 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-014926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In both excitable and nonexcitable cells, diverse physiological processes are linked to different calcium microdomains within nanoscale junctions that form between the plasma membrane and endo-sarcoplasmic reticula. It is now appreciated that the junctophilin protein family is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and modulating the structure and function of these junctions. We review foundational findings from more than two decades of research that have uncovered how junctophilin-organized ultrastructural domains regulate evolutionarily conserved biological processes. We discuss what is known about the junctophilin family of proteins. Our goal is to summarize the current knowledge of junctophilin domain structure, function, and regulation and to highlight emerging avenues of research that help our understanding of the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation of this gene family and its roles in health and during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane D Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; ,
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; ,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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2
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Yamamoto T, Emoto Y, Murase T, Umehara T, Miura A, Nishiguchi M, Ikematsu K, Nishio H. Molecular autopsy for sudden death in Japan. J Toxicol Pathol 2024; 37:1-10. [PMID: 38283375 PMCID: PMC10811381 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Japan has various death investigation systems; however, external examinations, postmortem computed tomography, macroscopic examinations, and microscopic examinations are performed regardless of the system used. These examinations can reveal morphological abnormalities, whereas the cause of death in cases with non-morphological abnormalities can be detected through additional examinations. Molecular autopsy and postmortem genetic analyses are important additional examinations. They are capable of detecting inherited arrhythmias or inherited metabolic diseases, which are representative non-morphological disorders that cause sudden death, especially in infants and young people. In this review, we introduce molecular autopsy reports from Japan and describe our experience with representative cases. The relationships between drug-related deaths and genetic variants are also reviewed. Based on the presented information, molecular autopsy is expected to be used as routine examinations in death investigations because they can provide information to save new lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Yamamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1
Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Emoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takehiko Murase
- Division of Forensic Pathology and Science, Department of
Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine,
Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takahiro Umehara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku,
Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Miura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1
Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Minori Nishiguchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1
Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ikematsu
- Division of Forensic Pathology and Science, Department of
Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine,
Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hajime Nishio
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1
Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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3
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Lipov A, Jurgens SJ, Mazzarotto F, Allouba M, Pirruccello JP, Aguib Y, Gennarelli M, Yacoub MH, Ellinor PT, Bezzina CR, Walsh R. Exploring the complex spectrum of dominance and recessiveness in genetic cardiomyopathies. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1078-1094. [PMID: 38666070 PMCID: PMC11041721 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Discrete categorization of Mendelian disease genes into dominant and recessive models often oversimplifies their underlying genetic architecture. Cardiomyopathies (CMs) are genetic diseases with complex etiologies for which an increasing number of recessive associations have recently been proposed. Here, we comprehensively analyze all published evidence pertaining to biallelic variation associated with CM phenotypes to identify high-confidence recessive genes and explore the spectrum of monoallelic and biallelic variant effects in established recessive and dominant disease genes. We classify 18 genes with robust recessive association with CMs, largely characterized by dilated phenotypes, early disease onset and severe outcomes. Several of these genes have monoallelic association with disease outcomes and cardiac traits in the UK Biobank, including LMOD2 and ALPK3 with dilated and hypertrophic CM, respectively. Our data provide insights into the complex spectrum of dominance and recessiveness in genetic heart disease and demonstrate how such approaches enable the discovery of unexplored genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lipov
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean J. Jurgens
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona Allouba
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Aswan Heart Centre, Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation, Aswan, Egypt
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Yasmine Aguib
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Aswan Heart Centre, Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Aswan Heart Centre, Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation, Aswan, Egypt
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Connie R. Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roddy Walsh
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Ganekal P, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kotrashetti S. Identification of biomarkers, pathways, and potential therapeutic targets for heart failure using next-generation sequencing data and bioinformatics analysis. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231168471. [PMID: 37092838 PMCID: PMC10134165 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231168471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is the most common cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases related deaths. Increasing molecular targets have been discovered for HF prognosis and therapy. However, there is still an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers. Therefore, we evaluated biomarkers that might aid the diagnosis and treatment of HF. METHODS We searched next-generation sequencing (NGS) dataset (GSE161472) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing 47 HF samples and 37 normal control samples using limma in R package. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed using the g: Profiler database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was plotted with Human Integrated Protein-Protein Interaction rEference (HiPPIE) and visualized using Cytoscape. Module analysis of the PPI network was done using PEWCC1. Then, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict the diagnostic effectiveness of the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 930 DEGs, 464 upregulated genes and 466 downregulated genes, were identified in HF. GO and REACTOME pathway enrichment results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in localization, small molecule metabolic process, SARS-CoV infections, and the citric acid tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport. After combining the results of the PPI network miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, 10 hub genes were selected, including heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1), arrestin beta 2 (ARRB2), myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 (HSP90AB1), filamin A (FLNA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), cullin 4A (CUL4A), YEATS domain containing 4 (YEATS4), and lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B). CONCLUSIONS This discovery-driven study might be useful to provide a novel insight into the diagnosis and treatment of HF. However, more experiments are needed in the future to investigate the functional roles of these genes in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ganekal
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, #253, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, India
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5
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Parker LE, Kramer RJ, Kaplan S, Landstrom AP. One gene, two modes of inheritance, four diseases: A systematic review of the cardiac manifestation of pathogenic variants in JPH2-encoded junctophilin-2. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023; 33:1-10. [PMID: 34861382 PMCID: PMC9156715 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rare variants in JPH2 have been associated with a range of cardiac disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD); however, our understanding of how variants in JPH2 correspond to specific modes of inheritance and correlate clinical phenotypes has not been comprehensively explored. In this systematic review, we assess current case reports and series that describe patients with JPH2 variants and cardiac disease. We identified a total of 61 variant-positive individuals, approximately 80% of whom had some form of cardiac disease, including 47% HCM, 18% DCM, and 14% arrhythmia/SCD. In analyzing the 24 probands described in the studies, we found that autosomal recessive, loss-of-function variants are associated with severe, early onset DCM, while autosomal dominant missense variants are associated with a wider range of cardiac disease, including HCM, arrhythmia, SCD, and cardiac conduction disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ryan J Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Samantha Kaplan
- Medical Center Library and Archives, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
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6
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Polycystin-1 Is a Crucial Regulator of BIN1 Expression and T-Tubule Remodeling Associated with the Development of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010667. [PMID: 36614108 PMCID: PMC9820588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is commonly observed in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), even when they have normal renal function and arterial pressure. The role of cardiomyocyte polycystin-1 (PC1) in cardiovascular pathophysiology remains unknown. PC1 is a potential regulator of BIN1 that maintains T-tubule structure, and alterations in BIN1 expression induce cardiac pathologies. We used a cardiomyocyte-specific PC1-silenced (PC1-KO) mouse model to explore the relevance of cardiomyocyte PC1 in the development of heart failure (HF), considering reduced BIN1 expression induced T-tubule remodeling as a potential mechanism. PC1-KO mice exhibited an impairment of cardiac function, as measured by echocardiography, but no signs of HF until 7-9 months of age. Of the PC1-KO mice, 43% died suddenly at 7 months of age, and 100% died after 9 months with dilated cardiomyopathy. Total BIN1 mRNA, protein levels, and its localization in plasma membrane-enriched fractions decreased in PC1-KO mice. Moreover, the BIN1 + 13 isoform decreased while the BIN1 + 13 + 17 isoform was overexpressed in mice without signs of HF. However, BIN1 + 13 + 17 overexpression was not observed in mice with HF. T-tubule remodeling and BIN1 score measured in plasma samples were associated with decreased PC1-BIN1 expression and HF development. Our results show that decreased PC1 expression in cardiomyocytes induces dilated cardiomyopathy associated with diminished BIN1 expression and T-tubule remodeling. In conclusion, positive modulation of BIN1 expression by PC1 suggests a novel pathway that may be relevant to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to cardiomyopathy in ADPKD patients.
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7
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Guo Y, Wang J, Guo X, Gao R, Yang C, Li L, Sun Y, Qiu X, Xu Y, Yang Y. KLF13 Loss‐of‐Function Mutations Underlying Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e027578. [DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by progressive left ventricular enlargement and systolic dysfunction, is the most common type of cardiomyopathy and a leading cause of heart failure and cardiac death. Accumulating evidence underscores the critical role of genetic defects in the pathogenesis of DCM, and >250 genes have been implicated in DCM to date. However, DCM is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic basis underpinning DCM remains elusive in most cases.
Methods and Results
By genome‐wide scan with microsatellite markers and genetic linkage analysis in a 4‐generation family inflicted with autosomal‐dominant DCM, a new locus for DCM was mapped on chromosome 15q13.1–q13.3, a 4.77‐cM (≈3.43 Mbp) interval between markers D15S1019 and D15S1010, with the largest 2‐point logarithm of odds score of 5.1175 for the marker D15S165 at recombination fraction (θ)=0.00. Whole‐exome sequencing analyses revealed that within the mapping chromosomal region, only the mutation in the
KLF13
gene, c.430G>T (p.E144X), cosegregated with DCM in the family. In addition, sequencing analyses of
KLF13
in another cohort of 266 unrelated patients with DCM and their available family members unveiled 2 new mutations, c.580G>T (p.E194X) and c.595T>C (p.C199R), which cosegregated with DCM in 2 families, respectively. The 3 mutations were absent from 418 healthy subjects. Functional assays demonstrated that the 3 mutants had no transactivation on the target genes
ACTC1
and
MYH7
(2 genes causally linked to DCM), alone or together with GATA4 (another gene contributing to DCM), and a diminished ability to bind the promoters of
ACTC1
and
MYH7
. Add, the E144X‐mutant KLF13 showed a defect in intracellular distribution.
Conclusions
This investigation indicates
KLF13
as a new gene predisposing to DCM, which adds novel insight to the molecular pathogenesis underlying DCM, implying potential implications for prenatal prevention and precision treatment of DCM in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Han Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jing’an District Central Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiao‐Juan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ri‐Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Chen‐Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Institute of Medical Genetics Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Yu‐Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jing’an District Central Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xing‐Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Ying‐Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yi‐Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
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Zhou J, Liu H, Lin Y, Zhao J. Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus (MORN) motif controls protein localization and function. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1839-1850. [PMID: 35568981 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus (MORN) motif was first defined in 2000, when it was identified in the junctophilin protein family. Dozens of studies have been published ever since, mainly focusing on the function of a given MORN motif-containing protein in parasites, plants or animal cells. Proteins with MORN motifs are not only expressed in most animal and plant cell types but also significantly differ in their intracellular localization, suggesting that the MORN motifs may fulfil multiple physiological functions. Recent studies have found that MORN motif-containing proteins junctophilin 1/2 and MORN3 play a role in cardiac hypertrophy, skeletal muscle fiber stability and cancer. Hence, MORN motif-containing proteins may be exploited to develop improved treatments for various pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review current research on MORN motif-containing proteins in different organisms and provide both ideas and approaches for follow-up exploration of their functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yushuang Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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Abstract
Junctophilins (JPHs) comprise a family of structural proteins that connect the plasma membrane to intracellular organelles such as the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum. Tethering of these membrane structures results in the formation of highly organized subcellular junctions that play important signaling roles in all excitable cell types. There are four JPH isoforms, expressed primarily in muscle and neuronal cell types. Each JPH protein consists of 6 'membrane occupation and recognition nexus' (MORN) motifs, a joining region connecting these to another set of 2 MORN motifs, a putative alpha-helical region, a divergent region exhibiting low homology between JPH isoforms, and a carboxy-terminal transmembrane region anchoring into the ER/SR membrane. JPH isoforms play essential roles in developing and maintaining subcellular membrane junctions. Conversely, inherited mutations in JPH2 cause hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, while trinucleotide expansions in the JPH3 gene cause Huntington Disease-Like 2. Loss of JPH1 protein levels can cause skeletal myopathy, while loss of cardiac JPH2 levels causes heart failure and atrial fibrillation, among other disease. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the JPH gene family, phylogeny, and evolutionary analysis of JPH genes and other MORN domain proteins. JPH biogenesis, membrane tethering, and binding partners will be discussed, as well as functional roles of JPH isoforms in excitable cells. Finally, potential roles of JPH isoform deficits in human disease pathogenesis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan E Lehnart
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (Cardiology), Pediatrics (Cardiology), Neuroscience, and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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10
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Perni S. The Builders of the Junction: Roles of Junctophilin1 and Junctophilin2 in the Assembly of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane Junctions in Striated Muscle. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010109. [PMID: 35053257 PMCID: PMC8774113 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of striated muscle is triggered by a massive release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) into the cytoplasm. This intracellular calcium release is initiated by membrane depolarization, which is sensed by voltage-gated calcium channels CaV1.1 (in skeletal muscle) and CaV1.2 (in cardiac muscle) in the plasma membrane (PM), which in turn activate the calcium-releasing channel ryanodine receptor (RyR) embedded in the SR membrane. This cross-communication between channels in the PM and in the SR happens at specialized regions, the SR-PM junctions, where these two compartments come in close proximity. Junctophilin1 and Junctophilin2 are responsible for the formation and stabilization of SR-PM junctions in striated muscle and actively participate in the recruitment of the two essential players in intracellular calcium release, CaV and RyR. This short review focuses on the roles of junctophilins1 and 2 in the formation and organization of SR-PM junctions in skeletal and cardiac muscle and on the functional consequences of the absence or malfunction of these proteins in striated muscle in light of recently published data and recent advancements in protein structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Perni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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11
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Miura A, Funayama K, Nyuzuki H, Takahashi N, Yamamoto T, Koyama A, Ikeuchi T, Takatsuka H, Nishio H. PROS1 variant in sudden death case of pulmonary embolism caused by calcification in the inferior vena cava: the importance of postmortem genetic analysis. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 55:102029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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