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Dib LV, Barbosa ADS, Correa LL, Torres BDS, Pissinatti A, Moreira SB, Teixeira RHF, Costa ALMD, Muniz JAPC, Junglos AM, Hirano ZMB, Amendoeira MRR. Morphological and molecular characterization of parabasilids isolated from ex situ nonhuman primates and their keepers at different institutions in Brazil. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 24:100946. [PMID: 38827824 PMCID: PMC11141158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal protozoa, which can be asymptomatic or cause diarrhea, dysentery and even death, are among the main agents that affect nonhuman primates (NHPs) kept under human care. Nevertheless, information on the molecular and morphometric profiles of parabasilids in the Neotropics is still scarce. In this context, the objective of this study was to isolate the Parabasalia protozoa detected in the feces of NHPs and their keepers in Pavlova and TYSGM9 media and to characterize the isolates by molecular biology and morphometry. Fecal samples from NHPs from five Brazilian institutions were analyzed. Direct examination was performed immediately after obtaining the samples. A total of 511 fecal samples from NHPs were collected, and 10.6% contained parabasilids. Regarding the handlers, of the 74 samples analyzed, three were positive. In vitro-generated parabasilid isolates were successfully obtained from all positive samples, as identified via microscopy. Isolates of the parasite were obtained both from New World NHPs, including the genera Leontopithecus, Saguinus, Leontocebus, Aotus, Saimiri, Sapajus, and Alouatta, and from the Old World primate Pan troglodytes. Forty-nine NHP isolates were molecularly identified: Pentatrichomonas hominis (16), Trichomitus batrachorum (14), Tetratrichomonas brumpti (13) and Hypotrichomonas hampli (6). The human isolates were identified as Tetratrichomonas sp. (2) and T. batrachorum (1). Visualization and morphometric analysis revealed trophozoites with piriform or rounded shapes that presented variable measurements. The isolates previously characterized as P. hominis had up to five free flagella, while T. batrachorum and Tetratrichomonas sp. had up to four free flagella, and H. hampli had a maximum of three free flagella. These morphometric characteristics corroborated the molecular identification. In general, a variety of parabasilids were observed to infect NHPs, and T. batrachorum was isolated from biological samples from both NHPs and their keepers, a finding that reinforces the susceptibility of these hosts to infections by parabasilids in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Verdan Dib
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
- Medicine Faculty of Campos (FMC), Campos Dos Goytacazes, 28035-581, Brazil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Lais Lisboa Correa
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Breno da Silva Torres
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual Do Ambiente (INEA), Guapimirim, 25940-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Bahadian Moreira
- Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual Do Ambiente (INEA), Guapimirim, 25940-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira
- Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoological Park (Zoo Sorocaba), Sorocaba, 18020-268, Brazil
- Wild Animals Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Paulista University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP-Botucatu), Botucatu, 18618-970, Brazil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, 18023-000, Brazil
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Sarkar VK, De UK, Solanki P, Saxena H, Mehra S, Pateer DP, Prajapati SK. Fatal coinfection of blastocystosis and intestinal trichomoniasis in a rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta). J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:400-407. [PMID: 38840877 PMCID: PMC11147963 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old male rhesus macaque was presented at Referral Veterinary Polyclinic-Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, with a chief complaint of chronic diarrhoea and swelling of dependent body parts. The patient's history indicates that the monkey had been experiencing diarrhoea for the past month, with 2-3 episodes of vomiting in the last 2 days. Additionally, oedema has developed within the last 2 weeks. The clinical examination findings revealed dullness and depression, the mucus membrane appeared pale, with a temperature-102.1 °F, a respiration rate-28/min, and a heart rate-92/min. The capillary refill time was 4 s. During the physical examination, the animal exhibited oedema on the dependent part of the body and faecal staining around the perineum along with loose yellow stool. Direct saline and iodine mount faecal smear examination revealed the presence of many motile pear-shaped flagellated protozoa and round vacuolated Blastocystis organisms. Giemsa-stained faecal smear cytology confirmed the presence of Pentatrichomonas sp. and Blastocystis sp. along with many microbes. The faecal culture was negative for all pathogenic microbes. The case was diagnosed as co-infection Blastocystosis and intestinal trichomoniasis. The treatment was initiated with a combination of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim @ 35 mg/kg body weight and metronidazole @25 mg/kg administered orally once daily for 7 days. Supportive therapy includes hematinic injection (iron sorbitol, folic acid and vitamin B12) @ 1 ml total dose, administered intramuscularly on alternate days for four occasions as well as intravenous infusion of crystalline amino acid @ 5 ml total dose on alternate days for four occasions. To manage vomition, injection ondansetron was administered@0.5 mg/kg intramuscularly, twice daily for 3 days and H2 blockers, including injection ranitidine@2 mg/kg intramuscularly twice daily for 3 days. Electrolyte and probiotic supplementation were administered orally. After 7 days of therapy, the oedema had significantly improved and episodes of vomition were stopped but there was no significant improvement in the episode of diarrhoea and consistency of faeces. Unfortunately, on the 10th day of therapy, the animal suddenly collapsed. Understanding the virulence pattern of opportunistic protozoa in primates is crucial, and identifying suitable therapeutic candidates to prevent fatal outcomes is the need of the hour, especially considering protozoal infections as an important differential diagnosis in gastrointestinal tract-related ailments. Our study successfully demonstrated the co-occurrence of blastocystosis and intestinal trichomoniasis, both uncommon infections with potential zoonotic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar Sarkar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Ujjwal Kumar De
- Division of Medicine, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Pooja Solanki
- Division of Medicine, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Harshit Saxena
- Division of Medicine, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Shivansh Mehra
- Division of Surgery, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Devendra Prasad Pateer
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Prajapati
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP India
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Zhang H, Zhang N, Li J, Zhao P, Li X, Wang X, Zhang X, Yuan B, Gao F, Gong P, Zhang X. Development of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction with Novel Specific Primers for Detection of Tritrichomonas muris Infection in Laboratory Mice. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3177. [PMID: 37893900 PMCID: PMC10603715 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of rodent ceca are parasitized by Tritrichomonas muris (T. muris), a flagellated protozoan. To date, there are no ideal methods for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice; thus, new molecular methodologies for its specific detection need to be developed. In this study, using staining and SEM, it was observed that T. muris has a pear-shaped body and contains three anterior flagella. A nested PCR system with novel specific primers was designed based on the conserved regions of the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris. The nested PCR system for T. muris showed good specificity and high sensitivity for at least 100 T. muris trophozoites/mL and 0.1 ng/μL of fecal genomic DNA, which means that 176 trophozoites per gram of mouse feces could be detected. When using this nested PCR system, the detection rate was 18.96% (58/306), which was higher than the detection rate of 14.05% (43/306) detected via smear microscopy in fecal samples from five mouse strains. The sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR in detecting T. muris was found to be 100%, and it demonstrated a 26% increase in diagnostic sensitivity compared to the smear microscopy method in the present study. In conclusion, the nested PCR developed with novel primers based on the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris has good accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (B.Y.); (F.G.)
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (B.Y.); (F.G.)
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
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ZHANG H, ZHANG N, GONG P, CHENG S, WANG X, LI X, HOU Z, LIU C, BI T, WANG B, CHENG Y, LI J, ZHANG X. Prevalence and molecular characterization of
Pentatrichomonas hominis
in Siberian tigers
(Panthera tigris altaica)
in northeast China. Integr Zool 2022; 17:543-549. [PMID: 35064641 PMCID: PMC9541480 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Nan ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Pengtao GONG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Shuqin CHENG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xiaocen WANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xin LI
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Zhijun HOU
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Chang LIU
- Changchun Animal and Plant Park Changchun 130022 China
| | - Tianqi BI
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Bobo WANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Yidan CHENG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Jianhua LI
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xichen ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
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Mahittikorn A, Udonsom R, Koompapong K, Chiabchalard R, Sutthikornchai C, Sreepian PM, Mori H, Popruk S. Molecular identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in animals in central and western Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:203. [PMID: 34078384 PMCID: PMC8173913 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentatrichomonas hominis inhabits the digestive tracts of several vertebrates, such as humans, monkeys, pigs, dogs, cats and rats. This protozoan was originally considered a commensal of the digestive tract but has subsequently been identified as a potential zoonotic parasite and a causative agent of diarrhoea. Molecular techniques are considered more sensitive and specific to detect P. hominis. This study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of P. hominis in animals in Thailand. A total of 403 faecal samples were collected from 119 cats, 55 dogs, 73 goats, 35 monkeys, 55 cattle and 66 pigs, and the presence of P. hominis was determined using the nested polymerase chain reaction method. Sequence analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes was used to determine the genotype of the organism. RESULTS Twenty-six samples (26/403, 6.45%) were positive for P. hominis. The highest prevalence was found in cats (21/119; 17.65%), followed by cattle (3/55; 5.45%) and dogs (2/55; 3.64%). Seven out of 26 nucleotides demonstrated 100% sequence identity with existing sequences; additionally, 16 novel sequence patterns were identified. All nucleotide sequences of P. hominis-positive samples were shown in the same branch with the previously described P. hominis sequences found in humans, dogs and goat. CONCLUSION This is the first study on P. hominis infections in animals in Thailand. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of P. hominis was significantly higher in cats than in cattle and dogs. Cats were the main reservoir host; however, P. hominis can infect several kinds of animals. Therefore, the proper waste management of animals is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ruenruetai Udonsom
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Khuanchai Koompapong
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rachatawan Chiabchalard
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chantira Sutthikornchai
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Hirotake Mori
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Supaluk Popruk
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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JEONG ES, PARK JH, RYU SH, CHOI SY, LEE KS, KIM JM, HYUN BH, CHOI YK. Detection of Chilomastix mesnili in Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus) and Treatment with Metronidazole. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 14:334-339. [PMID: 31543923 PMCID: PMC6737374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the use of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has increased in biomedical research as an animal model. This study aimed to test fecal samples to monitor bacterial and parasite infections in common marmoset at the Laboratory Animal Center of Osong Medical Innovation Foundation in Korea. METHODS To monitor bacteria and parasites in common marmoset, we tested 43 fecal samples of 43 common marmosets by culture and parasitological test in 2014. Infection by Chilomastix mesnili was determined by PCR method. RESULTS We identified nonpathogenic bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli in feces of normal common marmosets. Interestingly, C. mesnili was isolated from a healthy common marmoset by fecal centrifugation concentration and PCR. The monkey infected with C. mesnili was treated with metronidazole. After the treatment, C. mesnili were not found in feces using fecal centrifugation concentration and PCR. CONCLUSION This is the first case report of C. mesnili infection in common marmoset. Treatment with metronidazole is found to be highly effective in eradicating C. mesnili infection in common marmoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Suk JEONG
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea, Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyung PARK
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun RYU
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young CHOI
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sun LEE
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Man KIM
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwa HYUN
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu CHOI
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Correspondence
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Parasitic Diseases. THE COMMON MARMOSET IN CAPTIVITY AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 2019. [PMCID: PMC7150290 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811829-0.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Captive marmosets, whether in zoos or biomedical research facilities, may become infected or infested with a variety of internal or external parasites. Modern animal housing and husbandry practices have greatly reduced the prevalence of parasitism, particularly for those parasites requiring an intermediate host. In this chapter, the author discusses selected parasitic diseases of captive marmosets. This chapter is organized phylogenetically. No attempt is made to cover all of the internal and external parasites historically reported, no matter how infrequently. Similarly, no attempt is made to cover parasites infecting or infesting other New World primates and thus potentially found in or on marmosets. The author has included those parasitisms most likely to be observed in modern animal facilities.
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Dos Santos CS, de Jesus VLT, McIntosh D, Carreiro CC, Batista LCO, do Bomfim Lopes B, Neves DM, Lopes CWG. Morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular characterization of intestinal tetratrichomonads isolated from non-human primates in southeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2479-2488. [PMID: 28702802 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates are our closest relatives and represent an interesting model for comparative parasitological studies. However, research on this topic particularly in relation to intestinal parasites has been fragmentary and limited mainly to animals held in captivity. Thus, our knowledge of host-parasite relationships in this species-rich group of mammals could be considered rudimentary. The current study combined morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular analyses to characterize isolates of intestinal tetratrichomonads recovered from the feces of three species of South American, non-human primates. Fecal samples were collected from 16 animals, representing 12 distinct species. Parabasalid-like organisms were evident in five samples (31%) of feces: two from Alouatta sara, two from Callithrix penicillata, and one from Sapajus apella. The five samples presented morphologies consistent with the description of Tetratrichomonas sp., with four anterior flagella of unequal length, a well-developed undulating membrane, and a long recurrent flagellum. Sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 region demonstrated that the isolates from A. sara, and C. penicillata were closely related and highly similar to isolates of Tetratrichomonas brumpti, recovered previously from tortoises (Geochelone sp.). The flagellate recovered from S. apella demonstrated a similar morphology to those of the other isolates, however, sequence analysis showed it to be identical to an isolate of Tetratrichomonas sp. recovered from white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari). The findings of this study extend and enhance our knowledge of parasitism of non-human primates by members of the genus Tetratrichomonas and indicate that the host range of these parasites is broader than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Spitz Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-970, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lúcia Teixeira de Jesus
- Departamento de Avaliação e Reprodução Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, UFRRJ, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Douglas McIntosh
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, IV, UFRRJ, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cunha Carreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristina Oliveira Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno do Bomfim Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Agropecuária, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Marchesi Neves
- Horto Florestal Mário Xavier, Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis/IBAMA/Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Renováveis, Seropédica, RJ, 23835-400, Brazil
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Chan D, Barratt J, Roberts T, Phillips O, Šlapeta J, Ryan U, Marriott D, Harkness J, Ellis J, Stark D. Detection of Dientamoeba fragilis in animal faeces using species specific real time PCR assay. Vet Parasitol 2016; 227:42-7. [PMID: 27523936 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dientamoeba fragilis is a potentially pathogenic, enteric, protozoan parasite with a worldwide distribution. While clinical case reports and prevalence studies appear regularly in the scientific literature, little attention has been paid to this parasite's biology, life cycle, host range, and possible transmission routes. Overall, these aspects of Dientamoeba biology remain poorly understood at best. In this study, a total of 420 animal samples, collected from Australia, were surveyed for the presence of Dientamoeba fragilis using PCR. Several PCR assays were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity. Two previously published PCR methods demonstrated cross reactivity with other trichomonads commonly found in animal samples. Only one assay exhibited excellent specificity. Using this assay D. fragilis was detected from one dog and one cat sample. This is the first report of D. fragilis from these animals and highlights the role companion animals may play in D. fragilis transmission. This study demonstrated that some published D. fragilis molecular assays cross react with other closely related trichomonads and consequently are not suitable for animal prevalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Chan
- Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, N.S.W, Australia; i3 Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, N.S.W, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, N.S.W, Australia
| | - Joel Barratt
- i3 Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, N.S.W, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, N.S.W, Australia
| | - Tamalee Roberts
- Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, N.S.W, Australia
| | - Owen Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, N.S.W, Australia
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
| | - Una Ryan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah Marriott
- Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, N.S.W, Australia
| | - John Harkness
- Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, N.S.W, Australia
| | - John Ellis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, N.S.W, Australia
| | - Damien Stark
- Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, N.S.W, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, N.S.W, Australia.
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