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Wang L, Piao Y, Guo F, Wei J, Chen Y, Dai X, Zhang X. Current progress of pig models for liver cancer research. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115256. [PMID: 37536038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical trials play critical roles in assessing the safety and efficiency of novel therapeutic strategies for human diseases including live cancer. However, most therapeutic strategies that were proved to be effective in preclinical cancer models failed in human clinical trials due to the lack of appropriate disease animal models. Therefore, it is of importance and urgent to develop a precise animal model for preclinical cancer research. Liver cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with low 5-year survival rate. Recently, porcine attracted increasing attentions as animal model in biomedical research. Porcine liver cancer model may provide a promising platform for biomedical research due to their similarities to human being in body size, anatomical characteristics, physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the advantages and disadvantages, rationale, current status and progress of pig models for liver cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuexian Piao
- Invasive Technology Nursing Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiarui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Hasegawa K, Nakano K, Nagaya M, Watanabe M, Uchikura A, Matsunari H, Umeyama K, Kobayashi E, Nagashima H. Transplantation of human cells into Interleukin-2 receptor gamma gene knockout pigs under several conditions. Regen Ther 2022; 21:62-72. [PMID: 35765545 PMCID: PMC9198816 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previously, we performed gene knockout (KO) of interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL2RG) in porcine fetal fibroblasts using zinc finger nuclease-encoding mRNAs, subsequently generating IL2RG KO pigs using these cells through somatic cell nuclear transfer. The IL2RG KO pigs lacked a thymus and were deficient in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, similar to human X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients. The present study aimed to evaluate whether pigs can support the growth of xenografted human cells and have the potential to be an effective animal model. Methods The IL2RG XKOY pigs used in this study were obtained by mating IL2RG XKOX females with wild-type boars. This permitted the routine production of IL2RG KO pigs via natural breeding without complicated somatic cell cloning procedures; therefore, a sufficient number of pigs could be prepared. We transplanted human HeLa S3 cells expressing the tandem dimer tomato into the ears and pancreas of IL2RG KO pigs. Additionally, a newly developed method for the aseptic rearing of SCID pigs was used in case of necessity. Results Tumors from the transplanted cells quickly developed in all pigs and were verified by histology and immunohistochemistry. We also transplanted these cells into the pancreas of designated pathogen-free pigs housed in novel biocontainment facilities, and large tumors were confirmed. Conclusions IL2RG KO pigs have the potential to become useful animal models in a variety of translational biology fields. The present study aimed to evaluate whether IL2RG KO SCID-like pigs can host and support the growth of xenografted human cells under several conditions. Tumors from transplanted cells quickly developed in all pigs, as verified by histology and immunohistochemistry. IL2RG KO pigs have the potential to become extremely useful animal models in a variety of translational biology fields.
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Key Words
- DPF, designated pathogen-free
- IL, Interleukin
- IL2RG, interleukin-2 receptor gamma
- Interleukin-2 receptor gamma
- KO, knock out pigs
- NK cells, natural killer cells
- OIDP, operational immunodeficient pig
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Pig
- SCID
- SCID, Severe combined immunodeficiency
- SCNT, somatic cell nuclear transfer
- SD, standard deviation
- U-iR, uterectomy-isolated rearing
- WT, wild-type pigs
- XLGD, X-linked genetic diseases
- Xenotransplantation
- ZFN, Zinc finger nuclease
- tdTomato, tandem dimer Tomato
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 MIta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 MIta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 MIta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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3
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Sper RB, Proctor J, Lascina O, Guo L, Polkoff K, Kaeser T, Simpson S, Borst L, Gleason K, Zhang X, Collins B, Murphy Y, Platt JL, Piedrahita JA. Allogeneic and xenogeneic lymphoid reconstitution in a RAG2 -/- IL2RG y/- severe combined immunodeficient pig: A preclinical model for intrauterine hematopoietic transplantation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:965316. [PMID: 36311661 PMCID: PMC9614384 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.965316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency are commonly used as hosts of human cells. Size, longevity, and physiology, however, limit the extent to which immunodeficient mice can model human systems. To address these limitations, we generated RAG2−/−IL2RGy/− immunodeficient pigs and demonstrate successful engraftment of SLA mismatched allogeneic D42 fetal liver cells, tagged with pH2B-eGFP, and human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells after in utero cell transplantation. Following intrauterine injection at day 42–45 of gestation, fetuses were allowed to gestate to term and analyzed postnatally for the presence of pig (allogeneic) and human (xenogeneic) B cells, T-cells and NK cells in peripheral blood and other lymphoid tissues. Engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic cells was detected based on co-expression of pH2B-eGFP and various markers of differentiation. Analysis of spleen revealed robust generation and engraftment of pH2B-eGFP mature B cells (and IgH recombination) and mature T-cells (and TCR-β recombination), T helper (CD3+CD4+) and T cytotoxic (CD3+CD8+) cells. The thymus revealed engraftment of pH2B-eGFP double negative precursors (CD4−CD8−) as well as double positive (CD4+, CD8+) precursors and single positive T-cells. After intrauterine administration of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, analysis of peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues revealed the presence of human T-cells (CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+) but no detectable B cells or NK cells. The frequency of human CD45+ cells in the circulation decreased rapidly and were undetectable within 2 weeks of age. The frequency of human CD45+ cells in the spleen also decreased rapidly, becoming undetectable at 3 weeks. In contrast, human CD45+CD3+T-cells comprised >70% of cells in the pig thymus at birth and persisted at the same frequency at 3 weeks. Most human CD3+ cells in the pig's thymus expressed CD4 or CD8, but few cells were double positive (CD4+ CD8+). In addition, human CD3+ cells in the pig thymus contained human T-cell excision circles (TREC), suggesting de novo development. Our data shows that the pig thymus provides a microenvironment conducive to engraftment, survival and development of human T-cells and provide evidence that the developing T-cell compartment can be populated to a significant extent by human cells in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan B. Sper
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jessica Proctor
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Odessa Lascina
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ling Guo
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn Polkoff
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Tobias Kaeser
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sean Simpson
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Luke Borst
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Katherine Gleason
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Xia Zhang
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Bruce Collins
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yanet Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Platt
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jorge A. Piedrahita
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Jorge A. Piedrahita
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Souto EP, Dobrolecki LE, Villanueva H, Sikora AG, Lewis MT. In Vivo Modeling of Human Breast Cancer Using Cell Line and Patient-Derived Xenografts. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:211-230. [PMID: 35697909 PMCID: PMC9433358 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, human breast cancer has been modeled largely in vitro using long-established cell lines primarily in two-dimensional culture, but also in three-dimensional cultures of varying cellular and molecular complexities. A subset of cell line models has also been used in vivo as cell line-derived xenografts (CDX). While outstanding for conducting detailed molecular analysis of regulatory mechanisms that may function in vivo, results of drug response studies using long-established cell lines have largely failed to translate clinically. In an attempt to address this shortcoming, many laboratories have succeeded in developing clinically annotated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of human cancers, including breast, in a variety of host systems. While immunocompromised mice are the predominant host, the immunocompromised rat and pig, zebrafish, as well as the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) have also emerged as potential host platforms to help address perceived shortcomings of immunocompromised mice. With any modeling platform, the two main issues to be resolved are criteria for "credentialing" the models as valid models to represent human cancer, and utility with respect to the ability to generate clinically relevant translational research data. Such data are beginning to emerge, particularly with the activities of PDX consortia such as the NCI PDXNet Program, EuroPDX, and the International Breast Cancer Consortium, as well as a host of pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations (CRO). This review focuses primarily on these important aspects of PDX-related research, with a focus on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Souto
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hugo Villanueva
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM-600; Room N1210, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Boettcher AN, Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Tuggle CK. Swine models for translational oncological research: an evolving landscape and regulatory considerations. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:230-240. [PMID: 34476572 PMCID: PMC8888764 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Swine biomedical models have been gaining in popularity over the last decade, particularly for applications in oncology research. Swine models for cancer research include pigs that have severe combined immunodeficiency for xenotransplantation studies, genetically modified swine models which are capable of developing tumors in vivo, as well as normal immunocompetent pigs. In recent years, there has been a low success rate for the approval of new oncological therapeutics in clinical trials. The two leading reasons for these failures are either due to toxicity and safety issues or lack of efficacy. As all therapeutics must be tested within animal models prior to clinical testing, there are opportunities to expand the ability to assess efficacy and toxicity profiles within the preclinical testing phases of new therapeutics. Most preclinical in vivo testing is performed in mice, canines, and non-human primates. However, swine models are an alternative large animal model for cancer research with similarity to human size, genetics, and physiology. Additionally, tumorigenesis pathways are similar between human and pigs in that similar driver mutations are required for transformation. Due to their larger size, the development of orthotopic tumors is easier than in smaller rodent models; additionally, porcine models can be harnessed for testing of new interventional devices and radiological/surgical approaches as well. Taken together, swine are a feasible option for preclinical therapeutic and device testing. The goals of this resource are to provide a broad overview on regulatory processes required for new therapeutics and devices for use in the clinic, cross-species differences in oncological therapeutic responses, as well as to provide an overview of swine oncology models that have been developed that could be used for preclinical testing to fulfill regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Animal Sciences, Illinois, United States
| | - Christopher K Tuggle
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, 806 Stange Road, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Yamashita A, Tsumaki N. Recent progress of animal transplantation studies for treating articular cartilage damage using pluripotent stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:72-81. [PMID: 33411345 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Focal articular cartilage damage can eventually lead to the onset of osteoarthritis with degradation around healthy articular cartilage. Currently, there are no drugs available that effectively repair articular cartilage damage. Several surgical techniques exist and are expected to prevent progression to osteoarthritis, but they do not offer a long-term clinical solution. Recently, regenerative medicine approaches using human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have gained attention as new cell sources for therapeutic products. To translate PSCs to clinical application, appropriate cultures that produce large amounts of chondrocytes and hyaline cartilage are needed. So too are assays for the safety and efficacy of the cellular materials in preclinical studies including animal transplantation models. To confirm safety and efficacy, transplantation into the subcutaneous space and articular cartilage defects have been performed in animal models. All but one study we reviewed that transplanted PSC-derived cellular products into articular cartilage defects found safe and effective recovery. However, for most of those studies, the quality of the PSCs was not verified, and the evaluations were done with small animals over short observation periods. Large animals and longer observation times are preferred. We will discuss the recent progress and future direction of the animal transplantation studies for the treatment of focal articular cartilage damages using PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamashita
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Squarzanti DF, Zavattaro E, Pizzimenti S, Amoruso A, Savoia P, Azzimonti B. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: news from microbiota research. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:433-449. [PMID: 32692305 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1794792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research has been deeply focusing on the role of the microbiota in numerous diseases, either affecting the skin or other organs. What it is well established is that its dysregulation promotes several cutaneous disorders (i.e. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis). To date, little is known about its composition, mediators and role in the genesis, progression and response to therapy of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC). Starting from a bibliographic study, we classified the selected articles into four sections: i) normal skin microbiota; ii) in vitro study models; iii) microbiota and NMSC and iv) probiotics, antibiotics and NMSC. What has emerged is how skin microflora changes, mainly represented by increases of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, modifications in the mutual quantity of β-Human papillomavirus genotypes, of Epstein Barr Virus and Malassezia or candidiasis, may contribute to the induction of a state of chronic self-maintaining inflammation, leading to cancer. In this context, the role of S. aureus and that of specific antimicrobial peptides look to be prominent. Moreover, although antibiotics may contribute to carcinogenesis, due to their ability to influence the microbiota balance, specific probiotics, such as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 and Bifidobacteria spp., may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
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Boettcher AN, Li Y, Ahrens AP, Kiupel M, Byrne KA, Loving CL, Cino-Ozuna AG, Wiarda JE, Adur M, Schultz B, Swanson JJ, Snella EM, Ho CS(S, Charley SE, Kiefer ZE, Cunnick JE, Putz EJ, Dell'Anna G, Jens J, Sathe S, Goldman F, Westin ER, Dekkers JCM, Ross JW, Tuggle CK. Novel Engraftment and T Cell Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Cells in ART-/-IL2RG-/Y SCID Pigs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:100. [PMID: 32117254 PMCID: PMC7017803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) are an emerging biomedical animal model. Swine are anatomically and physiologically more similar to humans than mice, making them an invaluable tool for preclinical regenerative medicine and cancer research. One essential step in further developing this model is the immunological humanization of SCID pigs. In this work we have generated T- B- NK- SCID pigs through site directed CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of IL2RG within a naturally occurring DCLRE1C (ARTEMIS)-/- genetic background. We confirmed ART-/-IL2RG-/Y pigs lacked T, B, and NK cells in both peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. Additionally, we successfully performed a bone marrow transplant on one ART-/-IL2RG-/Y male SCID pig with bone marrow from a complete swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) matched donor without conditioning to reconstitute porcine T and NK cells. Next, we performed in utero injections of cultured human CD34+ selected cord blood cells into the fetal ART-/-IL2RG-/Y SCID pigs. At birth, human CD45+ CD3ε+ cells were detected in cord and peripheral blood of in utero injected SCID piglets. Human leukocytes were also detected within the bone marrow, spleen, liver, thymus, and mesenteric lymph nodes of these animals. Taken together, we describe critical steps forwards the development of an immunologically humanized SCID pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Amanda P. Ahrens
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kristen A. Byrne
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogen Unit, National Animal Disease Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogen Unit, National Animal Disease Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - A. Giselle Cino-Ozuna
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jayne E. Wiarda
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogen Unit, National Animal Disease Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
- Immunobiology Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Malavika Adur
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Blythe Schultz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth M. Snella
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chak-Sum (Sam) Ho
- Gift of Hope Organ and Tissue Donor Network, Itasca, IL, United States
| | - Sara E. Charley
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Zoe E. Kiefer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joan E. Cunnick
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ellie J. Putz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Dell'Anna
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jackie Jens
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Swanand Sathe
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Frederick Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Erik R. Westin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jack C. M. Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jason W. Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Shimoda M, Matsumoto S. Update regarding xenotransplantation in Japan. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12491. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimoda
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, Diabetes Research Center; Research Institute of National Center for Global Health and Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichi Matsumoto
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, Diabetes Research Center; Research Institute of National Center for Global Health and Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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Boettcher AN, Loving CL, Cunnick JE, Tuggle CK. Development of Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) Pig Models for Translational Cancer Modeling: Future Insights on How Humanized SCID Pigs Can Improve Preclinical Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2018; 8:559. [PMID: 30560086 PMCID: PMC6284365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade there have been several severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) pig models discovered or genetically engineered. The animals have mutations in ARTEMIS, IL2RG, or RAG1/2 genes, or combinations thereof, providing SCID pigs with NK cells, but deficient in T and B cells, or deficient in NK, T, and B cells for research studies. Biocontainment facilities and positive pressure isolators are developed to limit pathogen exposure and prolong the life of SCID pigs. Raising SCID pigs in such facilities allows for completion of long-term studies such as xenotransplantation of human cells. Ectopically injected human cancer cell lines develop into tumors in SCID pigs, thus providing a human-sized in vivo model for evaluating imaging methods to improve cancer detection and therapeutic research and development. Immunocompromised pigs have the potential to be immunologically humanized by xenotransplantation with human hematopoietic stem cells, peripheral blood leukocytes, or fetal tissue. These cells can be introduced through various routes including injection into fetal liver or the intraperitoneal (IP) space, or into piglets by intravenous, IP, and intraosseous administration. The development and maintenance of transplanted human immune cells would be initially (at least) dependent on immune signaling from swine cells. Compared to mice, swine share higher homology in immune related genes with humans. We hypothesize that the SCID pig may be able to support improved engraftment and differentiation of a wide range of human immune cells as compared to equivalent mouse models. Humanization of SCID pigs would thus provide a valuable model system for researchers to study interactions between human tumor and human immune cells. Additionally, as the SCID pig model is further developed, it may be possible to develop patient-derived xenograft models for individualized therapy and drug testing. We thus theorize that the individualized therapeutic approach would be significantly improved with a humanized SCID pig due to similarities in size, metabolism, and physiology. In all, porcine SCID models have significant potential as an excellent preclinical animal model for therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joan E. Cunnick
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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