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Rutkowsky JM, Roland Z, Valenzuela A, Nguyen AB, Park HH, Six N, Dursun I, Kim K, Lein PJ, Ramsey JJ. The impact of continuous and intermittent ketogenic diets on cognitive behavior, motor function, and blood lipids in TgF344-AD rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5811-5828. [PMID: 38613791 PMCID: PMC11042947 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Studies suggest that ketogenic diets (KD) may improve memory in mouse models of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study determined whether a continuous or intermittent KD (IKD) enhanced cognitive behavior in the TgF344-AD rat model of AD. At 6 months-old, TgF344-AD and wild-type (WT) littermates were placed on a control (CD), KD, or IKD (morning CD and afternoon KD) provided as two meals per day for 2 or 6 months. Cognitive and motor behavior and circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), AD biomarkers and blood lipids were assessed. Animals on a KD diet had elevated circulating BHB, with IKD levels intermediate to CD and KD. TgF344-AD rats displayed impaired spatial learning memory in the Barnes maze at 8 and 12 months of age and impaired motor coordination at 12 months of age. Neither KD nor IKD improved performance compared to CD. At 12 months of age, TgF344-AD animals had elevated blood lipids. IKD reduced lipids to WT levels with KD further reducing cholesterol below WT levels. This study shows that at 8 or 12 months of age, KD or IKD intervention did not improve measures of cognitive or motor behavior in TgF344-AD rats; however, both IKD and KD positively impacted circulating lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zabrisky Roland
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anthony Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - An B. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Heui Hye Park
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Natalie Six
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ilknur Dursun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Tanaka M, Fujikawa R, Sekiguchi T, Hernandez J, Johnson OT, Tanaka D, Kumafuji K, Serikawa T, Hoang Trung H, Hattori K, Mashimo T, Kuwamura M, Gestwicki JE, Kuramoto T. A missense mutation in the Hspa8 gene encoding heat shock cognate protein 70 causes neuroaxonal dystrophy in rats. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1263724. [PMID: 38384479 PMCID: PMC10880117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1263724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by spheroid (swollen axon) formation in the nervous system. In the present study, we focused on a newly established autosomal recessive mutant strain of F344-kk/kk rats with hind limb gait abnormalities and ataxia from a young age. Histopathologically, a number of axonal spheroids were observed throughout the central nervous system, including the spinal cord (mainly in the dorsal cord), brain stem, and cerebellum in F344-kk/kk rats. Transmission electron microscopic observation of the spinal cord revealed accumulation of electron-dense bodies, degenerated abnormal mitochondria, as well as membranous or tubular structures in the axonal spheroids. Based on these neuropathological findings, F344-kk/kk rats were diagnosed with NAD. By a positional cloning approach, we identified a missense mutation (V95E) in the Hspa8 (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8) gene located on chromosome 8 of the F344-kk/kk rat genome. Furthermore, we developed the Hspa8 knock-in (KI) rats with the V95E mutation using the CRISPR-Cas system. Homozygous Hspa8-KI rats exhibited ataxia and axonal spheroids similar to those of F344-kk/kk rats. The V95E mutant HSC70 protein exhibited the significant but modest decrease in the maximum hydrolysis rate of ATPase when stimulated by co-chaperons DnaJB4 and BAG1 in vitro, which suggests the functional deficit in the V95E HSC70. Together, our findings provide the first evidence that the genetic alteration of the Hspa8 gene caused NAD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuu Tanaka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jason Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Oleta T. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kumafuji
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Serikawa
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hieu Hoang Trung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hattori
- Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Ganipineni VDP, Idavalapati ASKK, Tamalapakula SS, Moparthi V, Potru M, Owolabi OJ. Depression and Hand-Grip: Unraveling the Association. Cureus 2023; 15:e38632. [PMID: 37159619 PMCID: PMC10163904 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article explores the association between hand-grip strength and depression. A total of 14 studies were carefully considered to provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic. The studies reveal a consistent association between low hand-grip strength and depressive symptoms, independent of age, gender, and chronic disease status. The evidence suggests that hand-grip strength assessment could be a useful tool for identifying individuals at risk of depression, particularly older adults and those with chronic diseases. Incorporating physical activity and strength training into treatment plans can contribute to better mental health outcomes. Hand-grip strength assessment can also be used as a monitoring tool to track changes in physical and mental health over time in individuals with depression. Healthcare professionals should consider the relationship between hand-grip strength and depression when evaluating patients and developing treatment plans. The findings from this comprehensive clinical review have important clinical implications and highlight the importance of considering physical health factors in the context of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Durga Pradeep Ganipineni
- Department of General Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, IND
- Department of General Medicine, Andhra Medical College/King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, IND
| | | | | | - Vagdevi Moparthi
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Monica Potru
- Department of Medicine, Guntur Medial College, Guntur, IND
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A genetic correlation and bivariate genome-wide association study of grip strength and depression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278392. [PMID: 36520780 PMCID: PMC9754196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grip strength is an important biomarker reflecting muscle strength, and depression is a psychiatric disorder all over the world. Several studies found a significant inverse association between grip strength and depression, and there is also evidence for common physiological mechanisms between them. We used twin data from Qingdao, China to calculate genetic correlations, and we performed a bivariate GWAS to explore potential SNPs, genes, and pathways in common between grip strength and depression. 139 pairs of Dizygotic twins were used for bivariate GWAS. VEAGSE2 and PASCAL software were used for gene-based analysis and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. And the resulting SNPs were subjected to eQTL analysis and pleiotropy analysis. The genetic correlation coefficient between grip strength and depression was -0.41 (-0.96, -0.15). In SNP-based analysis, 7 SNPs exceeded the genome-wide significance level (P<5×10-8) and a total of 336 SNPs reached the level of suggestive significance (P<1×10-5). Gene-based analysis and pathway-based analysis identified genes and pathways related to muscle strength and the nervous system. The results of eQTL analysis were mainly enriched in tissues such as the brain, thyroid, and skeletal muscle. Pleiotropy analysis shows that 9 of the 15 top SNPs were associated with both grip strength and depression. In conclusion, this bivariate GWAS identified potentially common pleiotropic SNPs, genes, and pathways in grip strength and depression.
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Kessi M, Peng J, Duan H, He H, Chen B, Xiong J, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang G, Kiprotich K, Bamgbade OA, He F, Yin F. The Contribution of HCN Channelopathies in Different Epileptic Syndromes, Mechanisms, Modulators, and Potential Treatment Targets: A Systematic Review. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:807202. [PMID: 35663267 PMCID: PMC9161305 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.807202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) current reduces dendritic summation, suppresses dendritic calcium spikes, and enables inhibitory GABA-mediated postsynaptic potentials, thereby suppressing epilepsy. However, it is unclear whether increased HCN current can produce epilepsy. We hypothesized that gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) variants of HCN channel genes may cause epilepsy. Objectives This systematic review aims to summarize the role of HCN channelopathies in epilepsy, update genetic findings in patients, create genotype–phenotype correlations, and discuss animal models, GOF and LOF mechanisms, and potential treatment targets. Methods The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, for all years until August 2021. Results We identified pathogenic variants of HCN1 (n = 24), HCN2 (n = 8), HCN3 (n = 2), and HCN4 (n = 6) that were associated with epilepsy in 74 cases (43 HCN1, 20 HCN2, 2 HCN3, and 9 HCN4). Epilepsy was associated with GOF and LOF variants, and the mechanisms were indeterminate. Less than half of the cases became seizure-free and some developed drug-resistant epilepsy. Of the 74 cases, 12 (16.2%) died, comprising HCN1 (n = 4), HCN2 (n = 2), HCN3 (n = 2), and HCN4 (n = 4). Of the deceased cases, 10 (83%) had a sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and 2 (16.7%) due to cardiopulmonary failure. SUDEP affected more adults (n = 10) than children (n = 2). HCN1 variants p.M234R, p.C329S, p.V414M, p.M153I, and p.M305L, as well as HCN2 variants p.S632W and delPPP (p.719–721), were associated with different phenotypes. HCN1 p.L157V and HCN4 p.R550C were associated with genetic generalized epilepsy. There are several HCN animal models, pharmacological targets, and modulators, but precise drugs have not been developed. Currently, there are no HCN channel openers. Conclusion We recommend clinicians to include HCN genes in epilepsy gene panels. Researchers should explore the possible underlying mechanisms for GOF and LOF variants by identifying the specific neuronal subtypes and neuroanatomical locations of each identified pathogenic variant. Researchers should identify specific HCN channel openers and blockers with high binding affinity. Such information will give clarity to the involvement of HCN channelopathies in epilepsy and provide the opportunity to develop targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Haolin Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Hailan He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Guoli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Karlmax Kiprotich
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Olumuyiwa A. Bamgbade
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Yin
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Eroglu E, Unel CC, Harmanci N, Erol K, Ari NS, Ozatik O. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate ameliorates functional and structural abnormalities in cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 70:126909. [PMID: 34902678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cisplatin is a platinum-derived chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of various tumors. Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy are the most common side effects of this drug. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), boron- containing compound, has some protective effects against various tissue damage. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of 2-APB on in vitro and in vivo cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assay was used to determine cell viability in DRG cells. Peripheral neuropathy was induced in forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250g) by administering cisplatin (3 mg/kg/week) intraperitoneally (i.p) for five weeks. 2-APB (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg, i.p) was administered. Mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, mechanical stimuli, motor coordination, and locomotor activity tests were performed. DRG cells and sciatic nerves were analyzed histologically. NGF, BDNF, TNF-α, GSH, MDA, and LDH levels were investigated in rat DRG tissue homogenates. RESULTS Our results revealed that 2-APB ameliorated cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity by improving mechanical and cold allodynia and motor coordination impairment. It also reduced cisplatin-induced structural toxicity in peripheral tissues. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that 2-APB could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Eroglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Cengelli Unel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nusin Harmanci
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kevser Erol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neziha Senem Ari
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Evliya Celebi Education and Research Hospital, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozatik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
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Nishitani A, Nagayoshi H, Takenaka S, Asano M, Shimizu S, Ohno Y, Kuramoto T. Involvement of NMDA receptors in tremor expression in Aspa/Hcn1 double-knockout rats. Exp Anim 2020; 69:388-394. [PMID: 32507787 PMCID: PMC7677080 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that aspartoacylase (Aspa) and
hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1
(Hcn1) genes were causative of essential tremor (ET) in rats. This
finding was obtained using
Aspaem34Kyo/Hcn1A354V
double-mutant rats, but they were bred on a heterogeneous genetic background of two
strains, F344 and WTC. Here, we developed an
Aspaem34Kyo/Hcn1em1Kyo
double-knockout rat strain with a homogenous F344 genetic background and studied the
ability of glutamate receptor antagonists to suppress ET. The
F344-Aspa/Hcn1 double-knockout rats exhibited
spontaneous, intense body tremor equivalent to that in the double-mutant rats.
N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), a substrate of ASPA, showed accumulation in
all brain regions and in the spinal cord. However,
N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), which is derived from NAA and
interacts with glutamatergic receptors, was decreased in the medulla oblongata of the
double-knockout rats. The tremor was suppressed by
3-[(R)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl]-prop-2-enyl-1-phosphonic acid, an
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, in
F344-Aspa/Hcn1 double-knockout rats. The non-NMDA
glutamate receptor antagonist NBQX weakly inhibited the tremor, while the metabotropic
glutamate receptor antagonist LY341495 showed no effect. In addition, both NR2B
subunit-specific (Ro 25-6981) and NR2C/NR2D subunit-specific (cis-piperidine dicarboxylic
acid) NMDA receptor antagonists suppressed the tremor. These data indicated that the
pathogenesis of tremor in Aspa/Hcn1 double-knockout rats
involved ionotropic glutamate receptors, particularly NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Nishitani
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Haruna Nagayoshi
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Osaka 583-8555, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
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