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Montero-Vallejo R, Maya-Miles D, Ampuero J, Martín F, Romero-Gómez M, Gallego-Durán R. Novel insights into metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease preclinical models. Liver Int 2024; 44:644-662. [PMID: 38291855 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of metabolic conditions associated with an excess of fat accumulation in the liver, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finding appropriate tools to study its development and progression is essential to address essential unmet therapeutic and staging needs. This review discusses advantages and shortcomings of different dietary, chemical and genetic factors that can be used to mimic this disease and its progression in mice from a hepatic and metabolic point of view. Also, this review will highlight some additional factors and considerations that could have a strong impact on the outcomes of our model to end up providing recommendations and a checklist to facilitate the selection of the appropriate MASLD preclinical model based on clinical aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Montero-Vallejo
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, University Pablo Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
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Flessa CM, Nasiri-Ansari N, Kyrou I, Leca BM, Lianou M, Chatzigeorgiou A, Kaltsas G, Kassi E, Randeva HS. Genetic and Diet-Induced Animal Models for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415791. [PMID: 36555433 PMCID: PMC9780957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapidly increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is noted worldwide due to the adoption of western-type lifestyles and eating habits. This makes the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive the pathogenesis of this chronic disease and the development of newly approved treatments of utmost necessity. Animal models are indispensable tools for achieving these ends. Although the ideal mouse model for human NAFLD does not exist yet, several models have arisen with the combination of dietary interventions, genetic manipulations and/or administration of chemical substances. Herein, we present the most common mouse models used in the research of NAFLD, either for the whole disease spectrum or for a particular disease stage (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each model, along with the challenges facing the researchers who aim to develop and use animal models for translational research in NAFLD. Based on these characteristics and the specific study aims/needs, researchers should select the most appropriate model with caution when translating results from animal to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Bianca M. Leca
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Maria Lianou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (H.S.R.)
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (H.S.R.)
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Zhang S, Jiang J, Chen Z, Wang Y, Tang W, Liu C, Liu L, Chen Y. Investigation of LEP and LEPR polymorphisms with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in Eastern Chinese Han population. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2083-2089. [PMID: 29695916 PMCID: PMC5905468 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s153931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin (LEP) and LEP receptor (LEPR) polymorphisms may be associated with the development of cancer. Methods In this study, we selected five functional LEP and LEPR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and conducted a case–control study to determine the relationship of LEP and LEPR polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in Eastern Chinese Han population. There were 584 HCC cases and 923 cancer-free controls included in our study. HCC patients and controls were fully matched by age and sex. SNPscan™ genotyping method was used to analyze the genotyping of LEP rs2167270 G>A, rs7799039 A>G, LEPR rs6588147 G>A, rs1137100 G>A, and rs1137101 G>A SNPs. Results We found that LEP rs7799039 A>G and rs2167270 G>A polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility of HCC in this population (LEP rs7799039 A>G: GG vs AA: adjusted odds ratio [OR]=2.03, 95% CI, 1.22–3.38, P=0.006 and GG vs AA/AG: adjusted OR=1.97, 95% CI, 1.20–3.22, P=0.007; rs2167270 G>A: AA vs GG: adjusted OR=2.03, 95% CI, 1.10–3.75, P=0.024 and AA vs GG/GA: adjusted OR=2.01, 95% CI, 1.10–3.68, P=0.023). However, LEPR rs6588147 G>A polymorphism decreased the risk of HCC (GA vs GG: adjusted OR=0.62, 95% CI, 0.45–0.86, P=0.005 and AA/GA vs GG: adjusted OR=0.64, 95% CI, 0.47–0.88, P=0.007). Conclusion This case–control study highlights that LEP rs7799039 A>G and rs2167270 G>A polymorphisms increase the susceptibility to HCC; however, LEPR rs6588147 G>A polymorphism may be a protective factor for HCC in Eastern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No. 3 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Jiakai Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No. 3 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
| | - Longgen Liu
- Department of Liver Disease, Changzhou No. 3 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Okamoto T, Koda M, Miyoshi K, Onoyama T, Kishina M, Matono T, Sugihara T, Hosho K, Okano J, Isomoto H, Murawaki Y. Antifibrotic effects of ambrisentan, an endothelin-A receptor antagonist, in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:933-941. [PMID: 27574547 PMCID: PMC4976212 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i22.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the effects of the endothelin type A receptor antagonist ambrisentan on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in a steatohepatitis mouse model.
METHODS: Fatty liver shionogi (FLS) FLS-ob/ob mice (male, 12 wk old) received ambrisentan (2.5 mg/kg orally per day; n = 8) or water as a control (n = 5) for 4 wk. Factors were compared between the two groups, including steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and endothelin-related gene expression in the liver.
RESULTS: In the ambrisentan group, hepatic hydroxyproline content was significantly lower than in the control group (18.0 μg/g ± 6.1 μg/g vs 33.9 μg/g ± 13.5 μg/g liver, respectively, P = 0.014). Hepatic fibrosis estimated by Sirius red staining and areas positive for α-smooth muscle actin, indicative of activated hepatic stellate cells, were also significantly lower in the ambrisentan group (0.46% ± 0.18% vs 1.11% ± 0.28%, respectively, P = 0.0003; and 0.12% ± 0.08% vs 0.25% ± 0.11%, respectively, P = 0.047). Moreover, hepatic RNA expression levels of procollagen-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were significantly lower by 60% and 45%, respectively, in the ambrisentan group. Inflammation, steatosis, and endothelin-related mRNA expression in the liver were not significantly different between the groups.
CONCLUSION: Ambrisentan attenuated the progression of hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and reducing procollagen-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression. Ambrisentan did not affect inflammation or steatosis.
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Mann JP, Semple RK, Armstrong MJ. How Useful Are Monogenic Rodent Models for the Study of Human Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:145. [PMID: 27899914 PMCID: PMC5110950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving understanding of the genetic basis of human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has the potential to facilitate risk stratification of affected patients, permit personalized treatment, and inform development of new therapeutic strategies. Animal models have been widely used to interrogate the pathophysiology of, and genetic predisposition to, NAFLD. Nevertheless, considerable interspecies differences in intermediary metabolism potentially limit the extent to which results can be extrapolated to humans. For example, human genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 as the two most prevalent determinants of susceptibility to NAFLD and its inflammatory component (NASH), but animal models of these mutations have had only variable success in recapitulating this link. In this review, we critically appraise selected murine monogenic models of NAFLD, NASH, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a focus on how closely they mirror human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake P. Mann
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert K. Semple
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- *Correspondence: Robert K. Semple,
| | - Matthew J. Armstrong
- Centre for Liver Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Onoyama T, Koda M, Okamoto T, Kishina M, Matono T, Sugihara T, Murawaki Y. Therapeutic effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, sitagliptin, on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in FLS-ob/ob male mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6895-902. [PMID: 26397061 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation and varying degrees of fibrosis. The dipeptidyl peptidase‑IV enzyme is important in glucose metabolism, as well as lipid accumulation, extracellular matrix metabolism and immune stimulation. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of dipeptidyl peptidase‑IV is known to be increased in non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis. Therefore, dipeptidyl peptidase‑IV inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents for non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis. The present study assessed the therapeutic effects of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‑IV inhibitor, on non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis using fatty liver Shionogi‑ob/ob male mice. Sitagliptin (2 mg/kg/day; n=10) or placebo (control; n=10) was orally administered to fatty liver Shionogi‑ob/ob mice for 12 weeks, and hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed in comparison with the controls. Sitagliptin administration reduced body weight and blood glucose levels, and improved hepatic fibrosis. It also inhibited the gene expression levels of fatty acid synthase, transforming growth factor‑β1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‑1, procollagen‑type 1, tumor necrosis factor‑α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 and enhanced peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‑α. Furthermore, a marked attenuation of hepatic stellate cell activation and Kupffer cells was observed in the sitagliptin group. A decrease in oxidative stress and apoptosis was also observed. Sitagliptin attenuated the progression of hepatic fibrosis by improving lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Onoyama
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683‑8504, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koda
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683‑8504, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okamoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683‑8504, Japan
| | - Manabu Kishina
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683‑8504, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Matono
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683‑8504, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sugihara
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683‑8504, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Murawaki
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683‑8504, Japan
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Kishina M, Koda M, Kato J, Tokunaga S, Matono T, Sugihara T, Ueki M, Murawaki Y. Therapeutic effects of the direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren, on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in fatty liver Shionogi ob/ob male mice. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:888-896. [PMID: 23777387 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver that is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation and varying degrees of fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) appears to play important roles in NASH. Direct renin inhibitors (DRI) reduce plasma renin activity (PRA) through interaction with the active site of the enzyme and reduce the formation of angiotensin-II (AT-II). Therefore, the DRI aliskiren may further suppress the RAS. This study examined the effects of aliskiren on NASH in fatty liver Shionogi (FLS)-ob/ob male mice that are the closest animal model of metabolic syndrome-related NASH in humans. METHODS Aliskiren (100 mg/kg per day, aliskiren group) or a placebo (control group) was p.o. administrated to eight FLS-ob/ob mice each for 16 weeks and factors including steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Amounts of hepatic fibrosis were significantly lower in the aliskiren group than in the control group. Areas of α-smooth muscle actin positivity, the numbers of F4/80 positive, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine positive cells and immunohistochemical staining of 4-hydroxynonenal were also significantly decreased in the aliskiren group. Levels of RNA expression for transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly lower in the aliskiren group. CONCLUSION Aliskiren attenuated the progression of hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate and Kupffer cells and by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kishina
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Imajo K, Yoneda M, Kessoku T, Ogawa Y, Maeda S, Sumida Y, Hyogo H, Eguchi Y, Wada K, Nakajima A. Rodent models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21833-57. [PMID: 24192824 PMCID: PMC3856038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has been limited by the availability of suitable models for this disease. A number of rodent models have been described in which the relevant liver pathology develops in an appropriate metabolic context. These models are promising tools for researchers investigating one of the key issues of NASH: not so much why steatosis occurs, but what causes the transition from simple steatosis to the inflammatory, progressive fibrosing condition of steatohepatitis. The different rodent models can be classified into two large groups. The first includes models in which the disease is acquired after dietary or pharmacological manipulation, and the second, genetically modified models in which liver disease develops spontaneously. To date, no single rodent model has encompassed the full spectrum of human disease progression, but individual models can imitate particular characteristics of human disease. Therefore, it is important that researchers choose the appropriate rodent models. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the metabolic abnormalities present in the currently available rodent models of NAFLD, summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of the established models and the key findings that have furthered our understanding of the disease's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; E-Mails: (K.I.); (M.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; E-Mails: (K.I.); (M.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; E-Mails: (K.I.); (M.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; E-Mails: (K.I.); (M.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; E-Mails: (K.I.); (M.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Yuichiro Eguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; E-Mails: (K.I.); (M.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-45-787-2640; Fax: +81-45-784-3546
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Long-term Branched Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Ameliorates Diethylnitrosamine-induced Liver Glutathione S-transferase-p Positivity in Zucker Fatty Rats. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2013; 3:192-7. [PMID: 25755500 PMCID: PMC3940393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity increases the risk of fatty liver disease and liver cancer. There are several models of obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma, but tumor development in these models is slow. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated Zucker fatty rats, a model of obesity and insulin resistance, to discover if diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a potent liver carcinogen, might enhance liver carcinogenesis. We also investigated the effect of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) against the development of liver cancer. RESULTS Incidence and number of hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomas were significantly greater in DEN-treated Zucker fatty rats than in DEN-treated lean rats. All treated Zucker fatty rats developed hepatocellular carcinoma within 16 weeks. Long-term BCAA supplementation significantly reduced expression of CyclinD1, PCNA, thymidine kinase, Bcl-2, and GST-p and increased expression of p21 in the liver. Furthermore, BCAA treatment significantly reduced the area of GST-p positive foci. CONCLUSION Long-term BCAA treatment may induces cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction, thus suppressing pre-neoplastic lesions.
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Key Words
- BCAA
- BCAA, branched chain amino acids
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- FLS, fatty liver shionogi
- GST-p, glutathione S-transferase P-form
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- PCNA, proliferation cell nuclear antigen
- TK, thymidine kinase
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- obesity
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Sugihara T, Koda M, Kishina M, Kato J, Tokunaga S, Matono T, Ueki M, Murawaki Y. Fatty liver Shionogi-ob/ob mouse: A new candidate for a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:547-56. [PMID: 23057725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2012.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The fatty liver Shionogi (FLS) mouse develops hereditary fatty liver without obesity. The FLS-ob/ob mouse made by transferring the leptin(ob) gene demonstrates several metabolic disorders and marked fat deposition in the liver. The aim was to evaluate which mouse model, the FLS or FLS-ob/ob, is more useful for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis research. METHODS FLS (n = 40) and FLS-ob/ob (n = 40) mice were fed a standard diet for 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks, and then killed. The degree of fat deposition, oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis were analyzed in the liver. Hepatic mRNA expression of fibrogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured. RESULTS FLS mice developed hepatic steatosis and slight fibrosis without obesity between 12 and 48 weeks of age. Conversely, FLS-ob/ob mice developed severe steatosis at 12 weeks of age, and steatohepatitis with increased oxidative stress and advanced fibrosis between 24 and 36 weeks of age. At 48 weeks of age, some FLS-ob/ob but not FLS mice, progressed to cirrhosis. Transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression levels were greater in FLS-ob/ob than FLS mice between 24 and 48 weeks of age. The number of apoptotic cells in the liver was greater at 12 weeks of age in FLS mice and at 48 weeks of age in FLS-ob/ob mice. CONCLUSION FLS-ob/ob mice developed more severe steatohepatitis with fibrosis than FLS mice, and had increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. These findings indicate that the FLS-ob/ob mouse is a more useful model for steatohepatitis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Sugihara
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Aslam MN, Bergin I, Naik M, Hampton A, Allen R, Kunkel SL, Rush H, Varani J. A multi-mineral natural product inhibits liver tumor formation in C57BL/6 mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:267-74. [PMID: 22222483 PMCID: PMC3360994 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice were maintained for up to 18 months on high-fat and low-fat diets with or without a multi-mineral supplement derived from the skeletal remains of the red marine algae Lithothamnion calcareum. Numerous grossly observable liver masses were visible in animals on the "western-style" high-fat diet sacrificed at 12 and 18 months. The majority of the masses were in male mice (20 out of 100 males versus 3 out of 100 females; p = 0.0002). There were more liver masses in animals on the high-fat diet than on the low-fat diet (15 out of 50 on high-fat versus 5 out of 50 on low-fat; p = 0.0254). The multi-mineral supplement reduced the number of liver masses in mice on both diets (3 out of 25 male mice in the low-fat diet group without the supplement versus 1 out of 25 mice with supplement; 12 of 25 male mice in the high-fat diet group without the supplement versus 3 of 25 mice with supplement [p = 0.0129]). Histological evaluation revealed a total of 17 neoplastic lesions (9 adenomas and 8 hepatocellular carcinomas), and 18 pre-neoplastic lesions. Out of eight hepatocellular carcinomas, seven were found in unsupplemented diet groups. Steatosis was widely observed in livers with and without grossly observable masses, but the multi-mineral supplement had no effect on the incidence of steatosis or its severity. Taken together, these findings suggest that a multi-mineral-rich natural product can protect mice against neoplastic and pre-neoplastic proliferative liver lesions that may develop in the face of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N Aslam
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Matono T, Koda M, Tokunaga S, Kato J, Sugihara T, Ueki M, Murawaki Y. Therapeutic effects of ezetimibe for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in fatty liver shionogi-ob/ob mice. Hepatol Res 2011; 41:1240-8. [PMID: 21951423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM An effective therapy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has yet to be defined. This study examined the therapeutic effects of ezetimibe, a lipid-lowering medication, on steatosis and hepatic fibrosis in fatty liver Shionogi ob/ob (FLS-ob) mice. METHODS Low-dose (0.2 mg/kg body weight) and high-dose (1.0 mg/kg body weight) of ezetimibe were administered to FLS-ob mice orally for 12 weeks. RESULTS Administration of ezetimibe significantly and dose-dependently decreased liver cholesterol content. The area of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic hydroxyproline content in the low- and high-dose groups were significantly decreased compared with controls. Areas of α-smooth muscle actin positivity and F4/80 positivity were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Percentages of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine-positive cells in low- and high-dose groups were significantly decreased compared with those in controls, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the high-dose group was also significantly decreased compared to controls. Gene expression levels of procollagen I and transforming growth factor β1 mRNA levels were lower in the low- and high-dose groups than in controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c mRNA levels were also lower in the low- and high-dose groups than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Ezetimibe attenuated steatosis and liver fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and suppressing activated hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Matono
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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