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Rahman MM, Lee JY, Kim YH, Park CK. Epidural and Intrathecal Drug Delivery in Rats and Mice for Experimental Research: Fundamental Concepts, Techniques, Precaution, and Application. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051413. [PMID: 37239084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural and intrathecal routes are the most effective drug administration methods for pain management in clinical and experimental medicine to achieve quick results, reduce required drug dosages, and overcome the adverse effects associated with the oral and parenteral routes. Beyond pain management with analgesics, the intrathecal route is more widely used for stem cell therapy, gene therapy, insulin delivery, protein therapy, and drug therapy with agonist, antagonist, or antibiotic drugs in experimental medicine. However, clear information regarding intrathecal and epidural drug delivery in rats and mice is lacking, despite differences from human medicine in terms of anatomical space and proximity to the route of entry. In this study, we discussed and compared the anatomical locations of the epidural and intrathecal spaces, cerebrospinal fluid volume, dorsal root ganglion, techniques and challenges of epidural and intrathecal injections, dosage and volume of drugs, needle and catheter sizes, and the purpose and applications of these two routes in different disease models in rats and mice. We also described intrathecal injection in relation to the dorsal root ganglion. The accumulated information about the epidural and intrathecal delivery routes could contribute to better safety, quality, and reliability in experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Sasidharan S, Kaveri AN, Sithara MS, Nair J H. Pharmacological Evaluation of the Anesthetic and Analgesic Potential of Injection Harsha 22: A Novel Polyherbal Local Anesthetic Formulation Intended for Parenteral Administration in Wistar Albino Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:149-161. [PMID: 37008368 PMCID: PMC10065419 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s402277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Local anaesthetics are medications that cause numbness that can be reversed by applying them topically. Local anaesthetics are clinically used to control pain during minor surgeries or to treat other acute and chronic pain. The present investigation intended to investigate the anesthetic as well as analgesic potential of Injection Harsha 22, a novel polyherbal formulation in Wistar albino rats. Methods The anesthetic potential of Injection Harsha 22 was evaluated by a heat tail-flick latency (TFL) test, whereas the analgesic effect was elevated by electrical stimulation testing. Here, lignocaine (2%) was used as the standard anesthetic drug. Results In TFL, Injection Harsha 22 showed anesthetic effects up to 90 minutes after application. Also, the duration of anesthesia in rats that were administered subcutaneously with Injection Harsha 22 was comparable to that of the rats treated with commercial lignocaine (2%). In an electrical stimulation test, single administration of Injection Harsha 22 to rats significantly prolonged analgesia compared with the normal control group. The median duration of analgesia in rats administered subcutaneously with Injection Harsha 22 and lignocaine solution was 40 minutes and 35 minutes, respectively. Furthermore, Injection Harsha 22 does not interfere with the hematopoietic system of the experiment animals. Conclusion Thus, the present investigation established the in vivo anesthetic and analgesic potential of Injection Harsha 22 in experimental animals. Hence, it can be concluded that Injection Harsha 22 can become a prominent substitute for lignocaine as a local anaesthetic agent after establishing its efficacy through stringent clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sasidharan
- Department of R&D, Pankajakasthuri Herbal Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Small Animal Research Centre, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, CARe KERALA, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Asha Nair Kaveri
- Department of Shalyatantra, Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College & P.G. Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - M S Sithara
- Small Animal Research Centre, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, CARe KERALA, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Hareendran Nair J
- Pankajakasthuri Herbal India Pvt. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Oates R, Tarbert DK. Treatment of Pain in Rats, Mice, and Prairie Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:151-174. [PMID: 36402479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent myomorph and scuiromorph rodent analgesia studies are reviewed and evaluated for potential clinical application. Differences between laboratory animal studies and clinical use in diseased animals are discussed. Analgesia classes reviewed include local anesthetics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, acetaminophen, opioids, and adjuvants such as anticonvulsants. Routes of administration including sustained-release mechanisms are discussed, as are reversal agents. Drug interactions are reviewed in the context of beneficial multimodal analgesia as well as potential adverse effects. Dosage recommendations for clinical patients are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Oates
- Research and Teaching Animal Care Program, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Danielle K Tarbert
- Companion Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery Service, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Xu Z, Agbigbe O, Nigro N, Yakobi G, Shapiro J, Ginosar Y. Use of high-resolution thermography as a validation measure to confirm epidural anesthesia in mice: a cross-over study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 46:102981. [PMID: 33906822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.102981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective epidural anesthesia is confirmed in humans by sensory assessments but these tests are not feasible in mice. We hypothesized that, in mice, infrared thermography would demonstrate selective segmental warming of lower extremities following epidural anesthesia. METHODS We anesthetized 10 C57BL/6 mice with isoflurane and then inserted a PU-10 epidural catheter under direct surgical microscopy at T11-12. A thermal camera (thermal sensitivity ±0.05°C, pixel resolution 320x240 pixels, and spatial resolution 200 μm) recorded baseline temperature of front and rear paws, tail and ears. Thermography was assessed at baseline and 2, 5, 10, and 15 min after an epidural bolus dose of 50 μL bupivacaine 0.25% or 50 μL saline (control) using a cross-over design with dose order randomized and investigators blinded to study drug. Thermal images were recorded from video and analyzed using FLIR software. Effect over time and maximal effect (Emax) were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests. Comparisons were between bupivacaine and control, and between lower vs upper extremities. RESULTS Epidural bupivacaine caused progressive warming of lower compared with upper extremities (P <0.001), typically returning to baseline by 15 min after administration. Mean (±SD) Emax was +3.73 (±1.56) °C for lower extremities compared with 0.56 (±0.68) °C (P=0.03) for upper extremities. Following epidural saline, there was no effect over time (Emax for lower extremities -0.88 (±0.28) °C compared with the upper extremities -0.88 (±0.19) °C (P >0.99). CONCLUSIONS Thermography is a useful tool to confirm epidural catheter placement in animals for which subjective, non-noxious, sensory measures are impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - O Agbigbe
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - N Nigro
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - G Yakobi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Shapiro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Ginosar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Song Y, Wang X, Hao J. Design and Development of Lidocaine Microemulsions for Transdermal Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:63. [PMID: 30627930 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical administration is a preferable choice for local anesthetic delivery. Microemulsions have shown great effectiveness for transdermal transport of lidocaine. However, fabrication of microemulsions containing highly concentrated lidocaine (10%) to provide an extended local anesthetic effect is still a challenge. This study investigated the feasibility of using microemulsions for transdermal delivery of a high dosage of lidocaine (10%). At first, eutectic mixtures by kneading lidocaine with thymol were tailored to form a lipophilic solution, then the mixtures were readily incorporated into the oil phase of microemulsions after addition of proper surfactants and cosurfactants. The physicochemical properties, the skin permeation, local anesthetic efficacy, and the irritation experiment of the developed microemulsions were evaluated. The optimum composition was as follows: 12% of ethyl oleate as oil phase, 28% of the mixed surfactant, and cosurfactant (polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate and ethanol) and 60% of the aqueous phase. The average particle size was about 13 nm. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies revealed almost homogeneous spherical globules without aggregation. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results highlighted the drugs homogeneously dispersed in the microemulsions. In vitro skin permeation and in vivo anesthesia effect evaluation indicated that microemulsions can enhance and extend the anesthetic effect of lidocaine. The irritable results indicated that the microemulsions had the better biocompatibility and the negligible influence on the dermal. Therefore, incorporating the eutectic mixtures into microemulsions could be proposed as an attractive choice and a promising transdermal delivery strategy for the future topical anesthetic therapy.
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Zhao X, Sun Y, Li Z. Topical anesthesia therapy using lidocaine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-modified transdermal delivery system. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:4231-4240. [PMID: 30587919 PMCID: PMC6296185 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s187177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Transdermal drug delivery of local anesthetics using lipid nanoparticles could enhance lipophilic drugs permeation through the stratum corneum, improve drug diffusion to deeper skin, and exert good therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to engineer a Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (TPGS)-modified cationic nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the delivery of lidocaine (LID; TPGS/LID-NLC). Materials and methods TPGS/LID-NLC was prepared by solvent diffusion method. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading, stability, drug release, and cytotoxicity were tested to evaluate the basic characters of NLC. In vitro skin permeation and in vivo anesthesia effect in an animal model were further investigated to determine the therapeutic efficiency of the system. Results TPGS/LID-NLC had a particle size of 167.6±4.3 nm, a zeta potential of +21.2±2.3 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 85.9%±3.1%, and a drug loading of 11.5%±0.9%. A sustained release pattern was achieved by TPGS/LID-NLC, with 81.2% of LID released at 72 hours. In vitro permeation study showed that the steady-state fluxes (Jss), permeability coefficient (Kp), and cumulative drug permeation Qn at 72 hours (Q72) of TPGS/LID-NLC were 15.6±1.8 µg/cm2/hour, 10.3±0.9 cm/hour (×10−3), and 547.5±23.6 µg/cm2, respectively, which were significantly higher than the nonmodified NLC and free drug groups. In vivo anesthesia effect of TPGS/LID-NLC was the most remarkable and long acting among the formulations tested, which could be concluded by the most considerable maximum possible effect from 10 to 120 minutes during the whole research. Conclusion The most prominent in vitro permeation efficiency and in vivo anesthetic effect of TPGS/LID-NLC could be the evidence that TPGS-modified NLC could function as a promising drug delivery system for prolonged and efficient local anesthetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhaoguo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, People's Republic of China,
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Novikov A, Blinova E, Semeleva E, Karakhanjan K, Mironov M, Blinov D, Krainova Y, Pakhomov D, Vasilkina O, Samishina E. On local anesthetic action of some dimethylacetamide compounds. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.4.31440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to explore local anesthetic properties of some tertiary and quaternary derivatives of dimethylacetamide.
Materials and methods. The study was performed on white laboratory mice and rats of both sexes, male Agouti guinea pigs, and isolated sciatic nerves of lake frog. In the focus of the study there were two quaternary and eight tertiary compounds of dimethylacetamide with substituted anion with some amino and carbonic acids residue. A local anesthetic property was predicted by computational analysis. Acute toxicity of the most promising substances was studied in mice through subcutaneous route. Local anesthetic activity of tertiary compounds LKhT-3-00, LKhT-4-00 and quaternary LKhT-12-02 was studied on models of terminal, infiltration and conduction anesthesia. The influence of substances on mixed nerve conduction was investigated on lake frog’s isolated sciatic nerves.
Results and discussion. The greatest probability of the local anesthetic activity during computational analysis was estimated for the tertiary derivatives of dimethylacetamide LKhT-3-00 and LKhT-4-00 and for the quaternary compound LKhT-12-02. According to their toxicological profile, the compounds belong to moderately toxic substances (class 3). On the model of terminal and infiltration anesthesia, substances LKhT-3-00 and LKhT-4-00 at concentrations of 0.5-1% rapidly cause deep and prolonged anesthesia. On the models of conduction anesthesia, the quaternary derivative of dimethylacetamide LKhT-12-02 has the greatest analgesic effect. The duration of the effect of the substance is over 3 hours. All the investigated compounds block sciatic nerve conduction. The longest effect is registered for LKhT-12-02.
Conclusions. Dimethylacetamide derivatives at concentrations of 0.5-1.0% exhibit a local anesthetic activity, and are effective for terminal, conduction and infiltration anesthesia. Their effect is due to blockade of nerve conduction.
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Yue Y, Zhao D, Yin Q. Hyaluronic acid modified nanostructured lipid carriers for transdermal bupivacaine delivery: In vitro and in vivo anesthesia evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:813-820. [PMID: 29571251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For effective transdermal local anesthetic therapy, to reduce the barrier of stratum corneum and improve the antinociceptive effect, hyaluronic acid (HA) modified, bupivacaine (BPV) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were designed. HA and linoleic acid (LOA) conjugated propylene glycol (PEG) was synthesized (HA-PEG-LOA). HA-PEG-LOA was added during the preparation process of NLCs, thus LOA was inserted into the NLCs, The physicochemical properties of NLCs, particle size, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, in vitro skin permeation, drug release profiles and in vivo therapeutic effect were evaluated. HA-BPV/NLCs have small particle size of 150?nm, with a zeta potential of ?40?mV. Nearly 90% high drug encapsulation efficiency and good stability were also observed. In vitro release rate of BPV from HA-BPV/NLCs was complying with a sustained behavior until 72?h of study. HA-BPV/NLCs and BPV/NLCs exhibited 2.5 and 1.6 fold of percutaneous penetration improvement than free BPV. BPV loaded NLCs produced a more prolonged antinociceptive effect when compared with free BPV. In vitro and in vivo results pointed out HA modified NLCs have the capability to act as effective drug carriers, thus prolonging and enhancing the anesthetic effect of BPV. The NLCs developed in this study might provide a useful platform for developing a sophisticated dermal delivery system for analgesic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocun Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuwen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
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You P, Yuan R, Chen C. Design and evaluation of lidocaine- and prilocaine-coloaded nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for topical anesthetic analgesic therapy: a comparison between solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2743-2752. [PMID: 29075099 PMCID: PMC5609786 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s141031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Topical anesthesia analgesic therapy has diverse applicability in solving the barrier properties of skin and unfavorable physicochemical properties of drugs. Lidocaine (LID) combined with prilocaine (PRI) has been used as a topical preparation for dermal anesthesia for treatment of conditions such as paresthesia. Materials and methods In this study, for combination anesthesia and overcoming the drawbacks of LID and PRI, respectively, LID- and PRI-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared and characterized by determination of their particle size, drug loading capacity, stability, in vitro drug release behavior and in vitro cellular viability. Ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo anesthesia analgesic efficiency of these two systems were also evaluated and compared. Results Results revealed that combination delivery of the dual drugs exhibited more remarkable efficiency than signal drug-loaded systems. SLN systems have better ex vivo skin permeation ability than NLCs. NLC systems revealed a stronger in vivo anesthesia analgesic effect than SLN systems. Conclusion It can be concluded that SLNs and NLCs have different advantages, and that both carriers are promising dual drug delivery systems for topical anesthetic analgesic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Jining No 1 People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Jining No 1 People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Chen C, You P. A novel local anesthetic system: transcriptional transactivator peptide-decorated nanocarriers for skin delivery of ropivacaine. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1941-1949. [PMID: 28721013 PMCID: PMC5500491 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s135916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Barrier properties of the skin and physicochemical properties of drugs are the main factors for the delivery of local anesthetic molecules. The present work evaluates the anesthetic efficacy of drug-loaded nanocarrier (NC) systems for the delivery of local anesthetic drug, ropivacaine (RVC). Methods In this study, transcriptional transactivator peptide (TAT)-decorated RVC-loaded NCs (TAT-RVC/NCs) were successfully fabricated. Physicochemical properties of NCs were determined in terms of particle size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading capacity, stability, and in vitro drug release. The skin permeation of NCs was examined using a Franz diffusion cell mounted with depilated mouse skin in vitro, and in vivo anesthetic effect was evaluated in mice. Results The results showed that TAT-RVC/NCs have a mean diameter of 133.2 nm and high drug-loading capacity of 81.7%. From the in vitro skin permeation results, it was observed that transdermal flux of TAT-RVC/NCs was higher than that of RVC-loaded NCs (RVC/NCs) and RVC injection. The evaluation of in vivo anesthetic effect illustrated that TAT-RVC/NCs can enhance the transdermal delivery of RVC by reducing the pain threshold in mice. Conclusion These results indicate that TAT-decorated NCs systems are useful for overcoming the barrier function of the skin, decreasing the dosage of RVC and enhancing the anesthetic effect. Therefore, TAT-decorated NCs can be used as an effective transdermal delivery system for local anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Jining No 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijun You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Jining No 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Wang J, Chi H, Wang S. Local anesthetic lidocaine delivery system: chitosan and hyaluronic acid-modified layer-by-layer lipid nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3529-3537. [PMID: 27340888 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1204569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Transdermal local anesthesia is one of the most applied strategies to avoid systemic adverse effects; there is an appealing need for a prolonged local anesthetic that would provide better bioavailability and longer pain relief with a single administration. OBJECTIVE Layer-by-layer (LBL) technique was used in this study to explore a nanosized drug delivery system for local anesthetic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS LBL-coated lidocaine-loaded nanostructured lipid nanoparticles (LBL-LA/NLCs) were prepared and characterized in terms of particle size (PS), zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency (EE), in vitro skin permeation and in vivo local anesthetic studies. RESULTS Evaluation of the in vitro skin permeation and in vivo anesthesia effect illustrated that LBL-LA/NLCs can enhance and prolong the anesthetic effect of LA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION LBL-LA/NLCs could function as a promising drug delivery strategy for overcoming the barrier function of the skin and could deliver anesthetic through the skin with sustained release behavior for local anesthetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laizhu Zhang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China and
| | - Jianguo Wang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China and
| | - Huimin Chi
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China and
| | - Shilei Wang
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College , Qingdao , Shandong , China
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Wang J, Zhang L, Chi H, Wang S. An alternative choice of lidocaine-loaded liposomes: lidocaine-loaded lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles for local anesthetic therapy. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:1254-60. [PMID: 26881926 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1141259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China and
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Laizhu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China and
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Caffarel-Salvador E, Tuan-Mahmood TM, McElnay JC, McCarthy HO, Mooney K, Woolfson A, Donnelly RF. Potential of hydrogel-forming and dissolving microneedles for use in paediatric populations. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:158-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ouchi K, Koga Y, Nakao S, Sugiyama K. Dexmedetomidine dose-dependently enhances local anesthetic action of lidocaine. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 72:474-80. [PMID: 24268964 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, such as dexmedetomidine (DEX) and clonidine, with local anesthetics has been found to extend the duration of peripheral nerve blocks, probably owing to the resultant local vasoconstriction in the peripheral nerves. However, because the clear elucidation of the effect of DEX requires examination of the local anesthetic effect with DEX alone and the combination of various concentrations of DEX with local anesthetics, we evaluated the local anesthetic effect of various concentrations of DEX alone and with a local anesthetic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study assessed the tail-flick (TF) latencies after injection of the appropriate drug in male Sprague-Dawley rats, using an epidural model that allowed constant pain stimulation intensity, dispersion of the anesthetic, and a precise injection site and dose. Lidocaine alone, lidocaine with 2.5-ppm DEX, lidocaine with 5.0-ppm DEX, lidocaine with 7.5-ppm DEX, and DEX alone were administered at the predetermined dose. The TF latency changes over time were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Comparisons among the groups were analyzed using ANOVA followed by a post hoc Dunnett's multiple comparison test or Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS The addition of DEX to lidocaine increased the TF latency and dose-dependently prolonged its duration as follows: 0-ppm DEX, 20 minutes; 2.5-ppm, 40 minutes; 5.0-ppm, 40 minutes; and 7.5-ppm, 50 minutes. DEX alone did not change the TF latency. CONCLUSIONS Our results have demonstrated that DEX dose-dependently enhances the local anesthetic action of lidocaine in a rat TF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ouchi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Koga
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Anesthesiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Higashi-Osaka City, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakao
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Higashi-Osaka City, Japan
| | - Kazuna Sugiyama
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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