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Sato H, Goto M, Nishimura G, Morimoto N, Tokushima H, Horii Y, Takahashi N. Upacicalcet, a positive allosteric modulator of the calcium-sensing receptor, prevents vascular calcification and bone disorder in a rat adenine-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism model. Bone 2023; 167:116613. [PMID: 36395959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a major comorbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Chronic elevation of PTH levels is associated with cortical bone deterioration and increase in the risk of fractures in CKD patients. Here, we evaluated the effect of repeated administration of upacicalcet, a novel positive allosteric modulator of the calcium-sensing receptor, in a rat model of adenine-induced renal failure, by determining serum levels of intact PTH (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, and urea nitrogen. Furthermore, parathyroid hyperplasia (parathyroid gland weight and Ki-67-positive cell density), ectopic calcification (calcium content in the thoracic aorta, kidney and heart and positive von Kossa staining in the thoracic aorta), and bone morphometry parameters (cortical porosity and fibrosis volume) were evaluated. Rats treated with either 0.2 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg upacicalcet exhibited significantly lower serum iPTH levels than CKD-control rats, as early as 7 days after the first dose. Repeated administration of upacicalcet reduced serum iPTH levels and inhibited parathyroid hyperplasia in rats with adenine-induced severe renal failure. Moreover, it suppressed ectopic calcification and cortical pore formation. In contrast, serum calcium and phosphorus levels were not significantly affected, suggesting a low risk of hypocalcemia, which often occurs with SHPT treatment. In conclusion, repeated administration of upacicalcet decreased serum iPTH levels and suppressed parathyroid hyperplasia in the adenine-induced CKD rat model of SHPT. Furthermore, ectopic calcification and cortical pore formation were suppressed without significant changes in blood mineral parameters. Upacicalcet safely inhibited the progression of SHPT in an adenine-induced CKD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sato
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Moritaka Goto
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan.
| | - Go Nishimura
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Morimoto
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tokushima
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Yusuke Horii
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
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Campion SN, Nowland WS, Gropp K, Liu C, Ritenour HN, Syed J, Catlin N, Stethem CM, Coskran TM, Cappon GD. Assessment of postnatal femur development in Wistar Han rats. Birth Defects Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Campion
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical Groton Connecticut USA
| | | | - Kathryn Gropp
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical Groton Connecticut USA
| | - Chang‐Ning Liu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical Groton Connecticut USA
| | | | - Jameel Syed
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical Groton Connecticut USA
| | - Natasha Catlin
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical Groton Connecticut USA
| | | | | | - Gregg D. Cappon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical Groton Connecticut USA
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Kobayashi-Miura M, Osago H, Hamasaki Y, Takano I, Akiho M, Hiyoshi M, Hara N. Decrease in Glycosaminoglycan with Aging in Normal Rat Articular Cartilage Is Greater in Females than in Males. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221102566. [PMID: 35866183 PMCID: PMC9310225 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is more prevalent in females. We hypothesized that changes in articular cartilage (AC) constituents with aging may cause differences. Herein, we aimed to compare the changes in AC constituents with aging in male and female normal rats. DESIGN The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen (COL) contents of the AC in knee, hip, and shoulder joints of male and female rats were quantified and compared between age groups and sexes. RESULTS The amount of GAG was decreased in multiple joints in both males and females with aging. In females, it had a significant decrease in all joints measured. The decrease in GAG with aging was more severe in females than in males. Even in young rats, the amount of knee joint GAG was significantly less in females than in males. The amount of COL in the AC was unchanged with aging in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The drastic GAG decrease with aging in female normal rats may explain the higher prevalence and more severe OA in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Kobayashi-Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan,Mikiko Kobayashi-Miura, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan.
| | - Harumi Osago
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Akiho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Hiyoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Hara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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Moncayo-Donoso M, Guevara JM, Márquez-Flórez K, R Fontanilla M, Barrera LA, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Morphological changes of physeal cartilage and secondary ossification centres in the developing femur of the house mouse (Mus musculus): A micro-CT based study. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 48:117-124. [PMID: 30585347 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, long bones are formed by ossification of a cartilaginous mould during early stages of development, through the formation of structures called the primary ossification centre, the secondary ossification centres (SOCs) and the physeal cartilages (PCs). The PC is responsible for long bone growth. The morphology of the PC and the SOCs varies during different stages of femoral growth. In this respect, several details involving the process of murine femoral development are lacking. In the present study, a morphological characterization of femur development from the embryonic period to adulthood in mice was studied using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). To achieve this aim, femora were collected at embryonic day (E) 14.5, E16.5 and E18.5 and at postnatal day (P)1, P7, P14, P35, P46 and P52. CT images were obtained using a micro-CT scanner (X-SkyScan 1172; Micro Photonics) and analysed using the micro-CT 3D visualization software Mimics (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) and NRecon (Micro Photonics). The results of the present study revealed that the femur and its PCs and SOCs undergo morphological changes during different stages of development, including changes in their shape as well as position and thickness. These changes may be due to the response of the femur to mechanical loads imposed by muscle surrounding the bone during these stages of development. The result of the present study is important to improve our knowledge related to ossification and growth patterns of mouse femur during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguelangel Moncayo-Donoso
- Biomimetics Laboratory and Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Instituto de Biotecnología (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Pharmacy, Tissue Engineering Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Johana M Guevara
- Institute of the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kalenia Márquez-Flórez
- Biomimetics Laboratory and Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Instituto de Biotecnología (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marta R Fontanilla
- Department of Pharmacy, Tissue Engineering Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A Barrera
- Institute of the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego A Garzón-Alvarado
- Biomimetics Laboratory and Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Instituto de Biotecnología (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Noguchi C, Matsue K, Nakanishi Y, Asanuma F, Miyata H, Sasaki M. Characterization of 5-Fluorouracil Daily Oral Dosing versus Dietary Restriction on Femoral Growth Plates in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 47:73-81. [PMID: 30458683 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318811836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the growth plates (GPs) of rats after a 14-day reduction in food consumption caused by either daily oral dosing with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU: a positive control reducing food consumption and affecting the GPs) or a direct reduction in food consumption to determine whether the observed changes were attributable to a direct effect of drug toxicity. Histomorphometric analyses of the femoral GP were performed for a nontreated (NT) control group, three groups treated with 5-FU (12, 15, and 18 mg/kg/day) and three groups with food intake restricted to levels corresponding to those consumed by the rats in the three 5-FU-treated groups. Compared with the NT group, the GP widths and the number of chondrocytes in the proliferative zone decreased significantly in all the 5-FU-treated groups and the dietary restriction groups. Importantly, no significant differences between the 5-FU-treated groups and the groups with matched dietary restrictions were seen for most parameters. Thus, the 14-day dietary restriction caused significant changes in the proliferative zone of the GP, and similar changes observed in the 5-FU-treated groups were presumed to result from the comparable reduction in food intake rather than being a direct toxic effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Noguchi
- 1 Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsue
- 1 Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakanishi
- 1 Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumiko Asanuma
- 2 Regulatory Affairs Division, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miyata
- 3 Prescription Drug Pharmacovigilance Division, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- 1 Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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Gao SG, Li KH, Xu M, Jiang W, Shen H, Luo W, Xu WS, Tian J, Lei GH. Bone turnover in passive smoking female rat: relationships to change in bone mineral density. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:131. [PMID: 21663694 PMCID: PMC3125254 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have identified smoking as a risk factor for osteoporosis, but it is unclear whether passive smoking has an effect on bone mineral density and bone turnover and if such an effect could cause osteoporosis.The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of passive smoking on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover and the relationship between BMD and bone turnover in female rat. Methods Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomized into six groups: 2-month, 3-month,4-month smoke-exposed rats and their controls. A rat model of passive cigarette smoking was prepared by breeding female rats in a cigarette-smoking box for 2, 3 or 4 months. Serums were analyzed for levels of osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b). BMD was assessed at lumbar vertebrae and femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in passive smoking rats and in control rats. Results BMD of lumbar spine and femur was lower in 4-month smoke-exposed female rats than that in controls. However, there was no significant difference in serum osteocalcin levels between smoke-exposed rats and controls. Significantly lower b-ALP and higher TRACP 5b were found in the 3-month or 4-month smoke-exposed rats compared to controls. Subsequent analysis showed that b-ALP positively correlated with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae(r = 0.764, P = 0.027) and femur(r = 0.899, P = 0.002) in 4-month smoke-exposed female rats. Furthermore, TRACP 5b levels negatively correlated with BMD of lumbar vertebrae (r = -0.871, P = 0.005) and femur (r = -0.715, P = 0.046) in 4-month smoke-exposed female rats. Conclusion Our data suggest that smoke exposure can inhibit bone formation and increase bone resorption. The hazardous effects of passive smoking on bone status are associated with increased bone turnover in female rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-guang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Noguchi C, Miyata H, Sato Y, Iwaki Y, Okuyama S. Evaluation of bone toxicity in various bones of aged rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2011; 24:41-8. [PMID: 22272043 PMCID: PMC3234621 DOI: 10.1293/tox.24.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to provide a method for evaluating bone toxicity
induced by drugs in various bones in aged rats. Male Crl:CD (SD) rats at 46 weeks of age
were administered 15 mg/m2 body surface area of doxorubicin, which effects the growth
plate in weanling rats, weekly for 9 weeks by intravenous injection, and the femur,
sternum, humerus and tibia were examined histopathologically. In the doxorubicin-treated
group, thinning of the growth plate was remarkably observed in the proximal tibia and
humerus; however, these changes were not observed in other regions. In addition, the
osteoclast number per bone perimeter in the proximal tibia was significantly higher than
others in control aged rat. Thus, recognizing the various histological reactions related
to the time of epiphyseal closure is important for evaluating bone toxicity in aged
rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Noguchi
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 403 Yoshino-cho 1, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
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Zoetis T, Tassinari MS, Bagi C, Walthall K, Hurtt ME. Species comparison of postnatal bone growth and development. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART B, DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2003; 68:86-110. [PMID: 12866701 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Zoetis
- Millstone Biomedical Associates, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Iida H, Fukuda S. Age-related changes in bone mineral density, cross-sectional area and strength at different skeletal sites in male rats. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:29-34. [PMID: 11853142 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional area and strength strain index (SSI) of the long bones in the limbs and first lumbar vertebra of male Wistar rats were measured by a peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) method. One hundred and ten rats aged 2-30 months were used. The results indicate that the total (cortical + trabecular), cortical and trabecular BMD values of the metaphysis and cortical BMD values of the diaphysis in the long bones varied for each bone and differed from those of the first lumbar vertebra. The total BMD of long bones showed high values at 6-21 months and then decreased, but these did not always coincide with cortical and trabecular BMD. The values of SSI in the long bones varied. The values of total and cortical BMD and SSI of lumbar vertebra increased for 6-12 months and then decreased, but the trabecular BMD increased after 12 months. The total area in both the long bones and the first lumbar vertebra increased with the decrease in cortical area and the increase in the trabecular area with increasing age. It was concluded that age-related changes in bones, similar to those observed in humans, could be observed in some bones and parameters, although the age in rats when the so-called peak bone mass appears in the whole skeleton could not be clearly determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruzo Iida
- International Space Radiation Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
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Yoshida G, Hirano T, Shindo H. Deformation and vascular occlusion of the growing rat femoral head induced by mechanical stress. J Orthop Sci 2001; 5:495-502. [PMID: 11180908 DOI: 10.1007/s007760070029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1999] [Accepted: 03/17/2000] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of mechanical stress on the extent of deformation and decrease of the blood supply to the femoral head in the growing rat, we conducted a histological and microangiographic study, using a custom-made hip-joint loading device. Application of a 1-kg to 3-kg load to the hip joint caused compression not only of the articular cartilage but also of the growth plate of the femoral head. These changes were particularly prominent in the lateral portion of the femoral head. The compression also caused complete occlusion of the lateral epiphyseal arteries, representing the blood supply to the femoral head, at the point of penetration into the epiphyseal cartilage. Our results indicate that the sum of forces during mechanical load application to the hip joint in growing rats acts to deform the cartilage of the lateral side of the femoral head. Our results also indicate the presence of a mechanically weak point in the femoral head which may lead to occlusion of the lateral epiphyseal arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yoshida
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oita Prefectural Hospital, 476 Bunyo, Oita 870-8511, Japan
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