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Hewedy WA, Abdulmalek SA, Ghareeb DA, Habiba ES. AMPK-mediated autophagy is involved in the protective effect of canagliflozin in the vitamin D3 plus nicotine calcification model in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:873-888. [PMID: 37522915 PMCID: PMC10791829 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. A mutual interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy is implicated in its development. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of canagliflozin in a vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) model of VC, and to explore potential mechanisms. VC was induced by VDN in adult male Wistar rats on day one. Then, rats were randomly assigned into three groups to receive canagliflozin (10 mg or 20 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle for 4 weeks. Age-matched normal rats served as a control group. After euthanization, aorta and kidneys were harvested for biochemical and histopathological evaluation of calcification. Aortic markers of oxidative stress, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, runt-related transcription factor (Runx2) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) levels were determined. Additionally, the protein expression of autophagic markers, LC3 and p62, and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) were also assessed in aortic homogenates. Canagliflozin dose-dependently improved renal function, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of aortic tissues and reduced calcium deposition in rat aortas and kidneys. Both doses of canagliflozin attenuated ALP and osteogenic markers while augmented the expression of autophagic markers and AMPK. Histopathological examination of aortas and kidneys by H&E and Von Kossa stain further support the beneficial effect of canagliflozin. Canagliflozin could alleviate VDN-induced vascular calcification, in a dose dependent manner, via its antioxidant effect and modulation of autophagy. Further studies are needed to verify whether this effect is a member or a class effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Hewedy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Al-Moassat Medical Campus, Elhadara, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Shaymaa A Abdulmalek
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esraa S Habiba
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Iacobini C, Fassino V, Mazzaferro S, Tartaglione L. In vitro Evaluation of the Calcification Inhibitory Properties of Policosanol, Genistein, and Vitamin D (Reduplaxin®) either Alone or in Combination. Kidney Blood Press Res 2024; 49:137-143. [PMID: 38266504 DOI: 10.1159/000535810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The process of vascular calcification has severe clinical consequences in a number of diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and end-stage renal disease. In the present study, we investigated the effect of policosanol (Poli), genistein (Gen), and vitamin D (VitD) separately and in association to evaluate the possible synergistic action on inorganic phosphate (Pi)-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS Primary human VSMCs were cultured with either growth medium or growth medium supplemented with calcium and phosphorus (calcification medium) in combination with Poli, Gen, and VitD. Alizarin Red staining, mineralization, and the protein expression of RUNX2 and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) were investigated. RESULTS All three substances tested were effective at reducing osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Poli+Gen, Poli+VitD, Gen+VitD treatment induced a greater inhibition of calcification and RUNX2 expression compared to single compounds treatments. Moreover, the association of Poli+Gen+VitD (Reduplaxin®) was more effective at inhibiting VSMCs mineralization and preventing the increase in RUNX2 expression induced by calcification medium but not modified SOD2 expression. CONCLUSIONS The association of Pol, Gen, and VitD (Reduplaxin®) has an additive inhibitory effect on the calcification process of VSMCs induced in vitro by a pro-calcifying medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fassino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Lida Tartaglione
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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Macrì F, Vigorito I, Castiglione S, Faggiano S, Casaburo M, Fanotti N, Piacentini L, Vigetti D, Vinci MC, Raucci A. High Phosphate-Induced JAK-STAT Signalling Sustains Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Inflammation and Limits Calcification. Biomolecules 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 38254629 PMCID: PMC10813375 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an age-related complication characterised by calcium-phosphate deposition in the arterial wall driven by the osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The JAK-STAT pathway is an emerging target in inflammation. Considering the relationship between VC and inflammation, we investigated the role of JAK-STAT signalling during VSMC calcification. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were cultured in high-inorganic phosphate (Pi) medium for up to 7 days; calcium deposition was determined via Alizarin staining and colorimetric assay. Inflammatory factor secretion was evaluated via ELISA and JAK-STAT members' activation using Western blot or immunohistochemistry on HASMCs or calcified aortas of Vitamin D-treated C57BL6/J mice, respectively. The JAK-STAT pathway was blocked by JAK Inhibitor I and Von Kossa staining was used for calcium deposits in murine aortic rings. During Pi-induced calcification, HASMCs released IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 and activated JAK1-JAK3 proteins and STAT1. Phospho-STAT1 was detected in murine calcified aortas. Blocking of the JAK-STAT cascade reduced HASMC proliferation and pro-inflammatory factor expression and release while increasing calcium deposition and osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 expression. Consistently, JAK-STAT pathway inhibition exacerbates mouse aortic ring calcification ex vivo. Intriguingly, our results suggest an alternative link between VSMC inflammation and VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Macrì
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Ilaria Vigorito
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Castiglione
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefano Faggiano
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Animal Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Nadia Fanotti
- Animal Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.F.)
| | - Luca Piacentini
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (I.V.); (S.C.); (S.F.)
- Animal Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.F.)
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Shen J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhao M, Wang Q, Li P, Liu R, Wai Wong VK, Zhang C, Sun X. L-type calcium ion channel-mediated activation of autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells via thonningianin A (TA) alleviates vascular calcification in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176084. [PMID: 37806540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of vascular calcification is incompletely understood, and until now, there have been no effective therapeutics for vascular calcification. The L-type calcium ion channel in the cell membrane is vital for Ca2+ influx. The effect of L-type calcium ion channels on autophagy remains to be elucidated. Here, the natural compound thonningianin A (TA) was found to ameliorate vascular calcification in T2DM via the activation of L-type calcium ion channels. The results showed that TA had a concentration-dependent ability to decrease the transcriptional and translational expression of the calcification-related proteins runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and osteopontin (OPN) (P < 0.01) via ATG7-dependent autophagy in β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)- and high glucose (HG)-stimulated primary mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MASMCs) and alleviate aortic vascular calcification in VitD3-stimulated T2DM mice. However, nifedipine, an inhibitor of L-type calcium ion channels, reversed TA-induced autophagy and Ca2+ influx in MASMCs. Molecular docking analysis revealed that TA was located in the hydrophobic pocket of Cav1.2 α1C and was mainly composed of the residues Ile, Phe, Ala and Met, which confirmed the efficacy of TA in targeting the L-type calcium channel of Cav1.2 on the cell membrane. Moreover, in an in vivo model of vascular calcification in T2DM mice, nifedipine reversed the protective effects of TA on aortic calcification and the expression of the calcification-related proteins RUNX2, BMP2 and OPN (P < 0.01). Collectively, the present results reveal that the activation of cell membrane L-type calcium ion channels can induce autophagy and ameliorate vascular calcification in T2DM. Thonningianin A (TA) can target and act as a potent activator of L-type calcium ion channels. Thus, this research revealed a novel mechanism for autophagy induction via L-type calcium ion channels and provided a potential therapeutic for vascular calcification in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Shen
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-level Talents, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Interventional Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-level Talents, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, 646000, China; School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Lipid-lowering therapy with statins is well recognized as an effective therapy in reducing adverse cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between statin therapy and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) is unclear. A few of studies suggested that statins fail to slow and even accelerate progression of CAC; meanwhile, some researchers demonstrate opposite results. With the purpose of seeking out the effect of statin therapy on CAC, we summarized the existing evidence on statins and undertook meta-analyses of clinical trials assessing the effect of statin therapy on CAC. Fourteen trials were identified suitable for inclusion in the analysis of the effect of statin treatment on CAC, of which 11 were randomized controlled trails, 1 was case-control study, 1 was cross-sectional study, and 1 was observational study. In the meta-analysis of CAC progression, statin therapy seemed to accelerate the progression of CAC. Meanwhile, the analysis revealed a significant correlation between statin treatment and lower risk of cardiovascular events. In conclusion, meta-analyses of the available trials have shown a significant reduction of risk of cardiovascular events. In contrast, statins accelerated CAC. This suggests that statin-mediated atheroma calcification may enhance plaque stability and reduce the risk of plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xinyu
- From the The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Li XZ, Xiong ZC, Zhang SL, Hao QY, Liu ZY, Zhang HF, Wang JF, Gao JW, Liu PM. Upregulated LncRNA H19 Sponges MiR-106a-5p and Contributes to Aldosterone-Induced Vascular Calcification via Activating the Runx2-Dependent Pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1684-1699. [PMID: 37409531 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess aldosterone is implicated in vascular calcification (VC), but the mechanism by which aldosterone-MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) complex promotes VC is unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that long-noncoding RNA H19 (H19) plays a critical role in VC. We examined whether aldosterone-induced osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through H19 epigenetic modification of Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor-2) in a MR-dependent manner. METHODS We induced in vivo rat model of chronic kidney disease using a high adenine and phosphate diet to explore the relationship among aldosterone, MR, H19, and VC. We also cultured human aortic VSMCs to explore the roles of H19 in aldosterone-MR complex-induced osteogenic differentiation and calcification of VSMCs. RESULTS H19 and Runx2 were significantly increased in aldosterone-induced VSMC osteogenic differentiation and VC, both in vitro and in vivo, which were significantly blocked by the MR antagonist spironolactone. Mechanistically, our findings reveal that the aldosterone-activated MR bound to H19 promoter and increased its transcriptional activity, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and luciferase reporter assay. Silencing H19 increased microRNA-106a-5p (miR-106a-5p) expression, which subsequently inhibited aldosterone-induced Runx2 expression at the posttranscriptional level. Importantly, we observed a direct interaction between H19 and miR-106a-5p, and downregulation of miR-106a-5p efficiently reversed the suppression of Runx2 induced by H19 silencing. CONCLUSIONS Our study clarifies a novel mechanism by which upregulation of H19 contributes to aldosterone-MR complex-promoted Runx2-dependent VSMC osteogenic differentiation and VC through sponging miR-106a-5p. These findings highlight a potential therapeutic target for aldosterone-induced VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Zhi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory on the Molecular Mechanisms of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (X.-Z.L., Z.-C.X., Q.-Y.H., H.-F.Z., J.-F.W., J.-W.G., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Now with Cardiovascular Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Hunan, China (X.-Z.L.)
| | - Zhuo-Chao Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory on the Molecular Mechanisms of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (X.-Z.L., Z.-C.X., Q.-Y.H., H.-F.Z., J.-F.W., J.-W.G., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology (S.-L.Z.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yun Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory on the Molecular Mechanisms of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (X.-Z.L., Z.-C.X., Q.-Y.H., H.-F.Z., J.-F.W., J.-W.G., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Liu
- Medical Research Center (Z.-Y.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory on the Molecular Mechanisms of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (X.-Z.L., Z.-C.X., Q.-Y.H., H.-F.Z., J.-F.W., J.-W.G., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory on the Molecular Mechanisms of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (X.-Z.L., Z.-C.X., Q.-Y.H., H.-F.Z., J.-F.W., J.-W.G., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory on the Molecular Mechanisms of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (X.-Z.L., Z.-C.X., Q.-Y.H., H.-F.Z., J.-F.W., J.-W.G., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory on the Molecular Mechanisms of Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (X.-Z.L., Z.-C.X., Q.-Y.H., H.-F.Z., J.-F.W., J.-W.G., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Cai X, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Ma JA, Ji J, Boström KI, Yao Y. GSK3β Inhibition Ameliorates Atherosclerotic Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11638. [PMID: 37511396 PMCID: PMC10380320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) drives endothelium to contribute to atherosclerotic calcification. In a previous study, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibition induced β-catenin and reduced mothers against DPP homolog 1 (SMAD1) in order to redirect osteoblast-like cells towards endothelial lineage, thereby reducing vascular calcification in Matrix Gla Protein (Mgp) deficiency and diabetic Ins2Akita/wt mice. Here, we report that GSK3β inhibition or endothelial-specific deletion of GSK3β reduces atherosclerotic calcification. We also find that alterations in β-catenin and SMAD1 induced by GSK3β inhibition in the aortas of Apoe-/- mice are similar to Mgp-/- mice. Together, our results suggest that GSK3β inhibition reduces vascular calcification in atherosclerotic lesions through a similar mechanism to that in Mgp-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Jocelyn A. Ma
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Jaden Ji
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Kristina I. Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
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Duan Y, Peng Z, Zhong S, Zhou P, Huang H, Li J, He Z. VX-765 ameliorates CKD VSMC calcification by regulating STAT3 activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175610. [PMID: 36858340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical evidences show that caspase-1 inhibitor-VX-765 attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient mice. However, there is rarely information about the effect of VX-765 on hyperphosphatemia-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification or vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats. Here we investigate the effect of VX-765 on vascular calcification in uremia circumstances. METHODS Hyperphosphatemia-induced VSMC calcification were evaluated by Alizarin Red S. Aortas from CKD rats which were gavaged with VX-765 were examined for calcification signal using micro-CT. Levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence assay, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We demonstrated for the first time that the levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 were up-regulated in hyperphosphatemia-induced calcifying VSMCs. Blockade of caspase-1 activation by VX-765 inhibited pyroptosis-related molecules and VSMC calcification in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Further analysis of aortas from calcified CKD rats showed an up-regulation of caspase-1 and GSDMD expression compared with those non-calcified vascular tissue from control rats or with those decreased-calcified vascular tissue from CKD rats treated with 50 mg/kg/d, which indicated that pyroptotic indicators were tightly correlated with CKD arterial calcification. In vitro studies further demonstrated that VX-765 ameliorated hyperphosphatemia-induced VSMCs calcification through inhibiting the STAT3 activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that VX-765 could inhibit hyperphosphatemia-induced calcifying VSMCs and ameliorate vascular calcification in CKD rats. VX-765 might be a potential treatment strategy for CKD vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhong Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Shuzhu Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Hong Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Jianlong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhangxiu He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Sato H, Goto M, Nishimura G, Morimoto N, Tokushima H, Horii Y, Takahashi N. Upacicalcet, a positive allosteric modulator of the calcium-sensing receptor, prevents vascular calcification and bone disorder in a rat adenine-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism model. Bone 2023; 167:116613. [PMID: 36395959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a major comorbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Chronic elevation of PTH levels is associated with cortical bone deterioration and increase in the risk of fractures in CKD patients. Here, we evaluated the effect of repeated administration of upacicalcet, a novel positive allosteric modulator of the calcium-sensing receptor, in a rat model of adenine-induced renal failure, by determining serum levels of intact PTH (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, and urea nitrogen. Furthermore, parathyroid hyperplasia (parathyroid gland weight and Ki-67-positive cell density), ectopic calcification (calcium content in the thoracic aorta, kidney and heart and positive von Kossa staining in the thoracic aorta), and bone morphometry parameters (cortical porosity and fibrosis volume) were evaluated. Rats treated with either 0.2 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg upacicalcet exhibited significantly lower serum iPTH levels than CKD-control rats, as early as 7 days after the first dose. Repeated administration of upacicalcet reduced serum iPTH levels and inhibited parathyroid hyperplasia in rats with adenine-induced severe renal failure. Moreover, it suppressed ectopic calcification and cortical pore formation. In contrast, serum calcium and phosphorus levels were not significantly affected, suggesting a low risk of hypocalcemia, which often occurs with SHPT treatment. In conclusion, repeated administration of upacicalcet decreased serum iPTH levels and suppressed parathyroid hyperplasia in the adenine-induced CKD rat model of SHPT. Furthermore, ectopic calcification and cortical pore formation were suppressed without significant changes in blood mineral parameters. Upacicalcet safely inhibited the progression of SHPT in an adenine-induced CKD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sato
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Moritaka Goto
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan.
| | - Go Nishimura
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Morimoto
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tokushima
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Yusuke Horii
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
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10
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Guo L, Wang Y, Li S, Zhou L, Li D. GALNT3 protects against phosphate-induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells by enhancing active FGF23 and inhibiting the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110477. [PMID: 36162588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) acts as a notable risk factor in the cardiovascular system. Disorder of phosphorus (Pi) metabolism promotes VC. Recent findings show that polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3(GALNT3) is Pi responsive and with potent effects on Pi homeostasis. However, whether GALNT3 is involved in high Pi-induced VC remains unclear. The present study investigated the potential role of GALNT3 as a novel regulator of VC. In vitro, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) calcification was induced by inorganic Pi, while in vivo, C57BL/6 J mice were used to determine the effects of GALNT3 on Vitamin D3-induced medial arterial calcification. Alizarin red staining, Von Kossa staining, calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were performed to test VC. We showed that expression of GALNT3 was increased in the calcified HASMCs and aortas of the calcified mice.In vitro, overexpression of GALNT3 increased the levels of active full-length FGF23, accompanied by suppression of the osteoblast-related factors (Runx2 and BMP2), and further inhibited the formation of calcified nodules. Moreover, the protein levels of Wnt3a and active β-catenin were determined and it was found that GALNT3 significantly inhibited their expression. LiCl, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator, was observed to reverse the protective effect of GALNT3 overexpression. The opposite results were observed in the GALNT3 knockdown cells. In vivo, overexpression of GALNT3 by adeno-associated virus decreased the serum Pi and slowed the formation of aortic calcification in the calcified mice. In conclusion, our results indicate that GALNT3 counteracts high Pi-induced osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs and protects against the initiation and progression of VC by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Guo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Yikai Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shijie Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Duan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Jin Goo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Liu N, Feng Y, Zhan Y, Ma F. Relationship between blood cadmium and abdominal aortic calcification: NHANES 2013-2014. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126975. [PMID: 35344900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a common toxic heavy metal in the environment and can cause irreversible damage to the human body. It is well established that cadmium has direct cardiovascular toxicity, but the relationship between cadmium exposure and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is not clear. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to assess the relationship between blood cadmium (B-Cd) and AAC in U.S. adults ≥ 40 years old. We obtained data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The AAC score was quantified by the Kauppila score system, whereas severe AAC was defined as an AAC score ≥ 6. We performed multivariate regressions, correlated subgroup analyses, and interaction terms to evaluate the relationship between B-Cd and AAC score and severe AAC. RESULTS For 1530 enrolled participants, the mean AAC score was 1.52 ± 3.32, and the prevalence of severe AAC was 8.95%. Participants with higher B-Cd levels showed higher AAC scores (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.70, P = 0.0323) and an increased risk of severe AAC (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.56, P = 0.0432). However, these associations were weakened after adjusting for serum cotinine to define smoking exposure. Subgroup analyses and correlated interaction terms indicated that the relationship between B-Cd and AAC was generally similar in different population settings, except for males, nonsmokers, and participants with a normal body mass index (BMI). The interaction terms indicated that smoking exposure status defined by serum cotinine interacted with the relationship between B-Cd and AAC condition (P for interaction=0.0413). CONCLUSIONS There might be positive associations between B-Cd levels and AAC scores and the risk of severe AAC, while these associations were partially explained by smoking exposure. However, more well-designed studies are still needed to validate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuozhou Liu
- West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuejuan Zhan
- West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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13
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Parashar A, Bak K, Murshed M. Prevention of Arterial Elastocalcinosis: Differential Roles of the Conserved Glutamic Acid and Serine Residues of Matrix Gla Protein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e155-e167. [PMID: 35418245 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivating mutations in matrix Gla protein (MGP) lead to Keutel syndrome, a rare disease hallmarked by ectopic calcification of cartilage and vascular tissues. Although MGP acts as a strong inhibitor of arterial elastic lamina calcification (elastocalcinosis), its mode of action is unknown. Two sets of conserved residues undergoing posttranslational modifications-4 glutamic acid residues, which are γ-carboxylated by gamma-glutamyl carboxylase; and 3 serine residues, which are phosphorylated by yet unknown kinase(s)-are thought to be essential for MGP's function. METHODS We pursued a genetic approach to study the roles of MGP's conserved residues. First, a transgenic line (SM22a-GlamutMgp) expressing a mutant form of MGP, in which the conserved glutamic acid residues were mutated to alanine, was generated. The transgene was introduced to Mgp-/- mice to generate a compound mutant, which produced the mutated MGP only in the vascular tissues. We generated a second mouse model (MgpS3mut/S3mut) to mutate MGP's conserved serine residues to alanine. The initiation and progression of vascular calcification in these models were analyzed by alizarin red staining, histology, and micro-computed tomography imaging. RESULTS On a regular diet, the arterial walls in the Mgp-/-; SM22α-GlamutMgp mice were not calcified. However, on a high phosphorus diet, these mice showed wide-spread arterial calcification. In contrast, MgpS3mut/S3mut mice on a regular diet recapitulated arterial calcification traits of Mgp-/- mice, although with lesser severity. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we show here that MGP's conserved serine residues are indispensable for its antimineralization function in the arterial tissues. Although the conserved glutamic acid residues are not essential for this function on a regular diet, they are needed to prevent phosphate-induced arterial elastocalcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Parashar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (A.P., M.M.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kyoungmi Bak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (K.B., M.M.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (A.P., M.M.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (K.B., M.M.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine (M.M.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Québec, Canada (M.M.)
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14
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Xia Y, Li B, Zhang F, Wu Q, Wen S, Jiang N, Liu D, Huang C, Liu S. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles promote mitochondrial-based pyroptosis via activating calcium homeostasis and redox imbalance in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:5101. [PMID: 35344944 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac61ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP) have been widely used in various fields because of their natural biological origin and functional properties. The emerging evidence on their toxicities has attracted research interest. HAP-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) damage is a key step in vascular calcification (VC), particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the injury effects and mechanism of action of HAP on VSMCs have not been extensively investigated. This study comprehensively characterized commercially available HAP and investigated its adverse biological effects in cultured A7R5 cells.In vitroexperiments revealed that internalized HAP was localized in lysosomes, followed by the release of Ca2+owing to the low pH microenvironment. Upon Ca2+homeostasis, Ca2+enters the mitochondria, leading to the simultaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS subsequently attack mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, promote mitochondrial ROS production, and oxidize mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA). Mitochondrial permeability-transition pores open, followed by the release of more Ox-mtDNA from the mitochondria into the cytosol due to the redox imbalance. This activates NLRP3/caspase-1/gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis and finally excretes inflammatory factors to induce VC; an antioxidant could rescue this process. It has been suggested that HAP could induce an imbalance in intracellular Ca2+homeostasis in A7R5 cells, followed by the promotion of mitochondrial dysfunction and cell pyroptosis, finally enhancing VC. To detect thein vivotoxicity of HAP, mice were treated with Cy7-labelled HAP NPs for 24 h.In vivoresults also demonstrated that HAP accumulated in the kidneys, accompined with increased Ca concentration, upregulated oxidative stress-related factor and kidney damage. Overall, our research elucidates the mechanism of calcium homeostasis and redox imbalance, providing insights into the prevention of HAP-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xia
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515100, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohou Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichun Wen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. Diesel particulate matter exposure deteriorates cardiovascular health and increases the sensitivity of rat heart towards ischemia reperfusion injury via suppressing mitochondrial bioenergetics function. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109769. [PMID: 34875278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Documents from previous studies do not sufficiently explain the pathophysiological alterations involved in rat hearts exposed to PM2.5 from diesel exhaust, termed as Diesel Particulate matter (DPM). In the present study, we explored the cardiovascular effect of DPM exposure on the recovery of heart from Ischemia reperfusion injury (IR) and explored the probable cause-effect relationship. Two groups of female Wistar rats were exposed to 0.5 mg/ml DPM for 1 h and 3 h durations daily for 21 days via a whole-body exposure system. At the end of 21st day, the animals were sacrificed and the heart was subjected to IR via Langendorff isolated rat heart perfusion system. 21 days of exposure altered cardiac electrophysiology and the ultra-structure of myocardium. Also, the same group of animals exhibited calcification in the vasculature. These changes were prominent in animals exposed to DPM for 3 h daily. Administration of DPM to H9C2 cells resulted in 15% and 36% cell death after 1hr and 3hrs of incubation, respectively. When the hearts were challenged to IR, both 1 h and 3 h exposed hearts exhibited a significant decline in IR recovery. At the sub-cellular level, DPM exposure reduced ATP levels, mitochondrial copy number, and increased oxidative stress after IR in both exposure groups. These changes were markedly seen in the interfibrillar mitochondrial fraction of the mitochondria. Hence, we conclude that exposure to PM2.5 from diesel exhaust alters electrophysiology and ultrastructure of heart and reduces the level of cellular mediators, thereby compromising the ability of heart to withstand IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Chang X, Hao J, Wang X, Liu J, Ni J, Hao L. The Role of AIF-1 in the Aldosterone-Induced Vascular Calcification Related to Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence From Mice Model and Cell Co-Culture Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:917356. [PMID: 35937793 PMCID: PMC9347268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.917356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that aldosterone (Aldo) plays an essential role in vascular calcification which is a serious threat to cardiovascular disease (CVD) developed from chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the exact pathogenesis of vascular calcification is still unclear. First, we established CKD-associated vascular calcification mice model and knockout mice model to investigate the causal relationship between allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) and vascular calcification. Then, endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) co-culture experiments were performed to further explore the mechanisms of calcification. The results of the Aldo intervention mice model and transgenic mice model showed that Aldo could cause calcification by increasing the AIF-1 level. The results of in vitro co-culture model of ECs and VSMCs showed that AIF-1 silence in ECs may alleviate Aldo-induced calcification of VSMCs. In conclusion, our study indicated that Aldo may induce vascular calcification related to chronic renal failure via the AIF-1 pathway which may provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianbing Hao
- Department of Nephropathy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lirong Hao, ; Jie Ni,
| | - Lirong Hao
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lirong Hao, ; Jie Ni,
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Han JJ, Gao JW, Liu PM, Wang JF. [Research progress on the association between the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and vascular calcification]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2021; 49:1267-1271. [PMID: 34905910 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20211102-00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Han
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - J W Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - P M Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - J F Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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18
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Amer AE, Shehatou GSG, El-Kashef HA, Nader MA, El-Sheakh AR. Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis D 3 and Nicotine in Rats Via Targeting TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and Osteogenic Runx2. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:1047-1059. [PMID: 34309798 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of flavocoxid (FCX) on vascular calcification (VC) in rats. METHODS Vitamin D3 and nicotine were administered to Wistar rats, which then received FCX (VC-FCX group) or its vehicle (VC group) for 4 weeks. Control and FCX groups served as controls. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, heart rate (HR), and left ventricular weight (LVW)/BW were measured. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, creatinine, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Moreover, aortic calcium content and aortic expression of runt-related transcription factor (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), Il-1β, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed. Oxidative status in aortic homogenates was investigated. RESULTS Compared to untreated VC rats, FCX treatment prevented body weight loss, reduced aortic calcium deposition, restored normal values of SBP, DBP, and HR, and attenuated LV hypertrophy. FCX also improved renal function and ameliorated serum levels of phosphorus, calcium, and ALP in rats with VC. FCX abolished aortic lipid peroxidation in VC rats. Moreover, VC-FCX rats showed marked reductions in aortic levels of Il-1β and osteogenic marker (Runx2) and attenuated aortic expression of TNF-α, iNOS, and MMP-9 proteins compared to untreated VC rats. The expression of the smooth muscle lineage marker α-SMA was greatly enhanced in aortas from VC rats upon FCX treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate FCX ability to attenuate VDN-induced aortic calcinosis in rats, suggesting its potential for preventing arteiocalcinosis in diabetic patients and those with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Amer
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
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Li X, Jiang X, He F, Xia Y, Chen X, Du X, Gan H. Effect of Erythropoietin on Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Its Molecular Regulatory Mechanism. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:525-537. [PMID: 33170442 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate its effect and molecular regulatory mechanism on vascular calcification, EPO was added to vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in vitro and injected intraperitoneally into SD rats. The effect of EPO on VSMC calcification was determined by alizarin red staining and ALP activity. Differentially expressed genes were screened by transcriptome sequencing and the relationship and function were verified. We found EPO promotes VSMC calcification in vitro and blood calcification in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 88 upregulated genes and 59 downregulated genes were detected in transcriptome sequencing, among which the expression of genes associated with bone formation exhibited a marked increase, namely the GATA6 transcription factor, BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, and OCN. Dual luciferase assay has indicated that the binding of GATA6 to BMP2 promoter facilitates the transcription of BMP2. Taken together, findings indicate that EPO can enhance the calcification of VSMCs by activating the GATA6/BMP2 signal axis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Erythropoietin/administration & dosage
- Erythropoietin/toxicity
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptome
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunjia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xushun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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20
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Wang P, Guo C, Pan H, Chen W, Peng D. Iron Sucrose: A Double-Edged Sword in High Phosphate Media-Induced Vascular Calcification. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:798-807. [PMID: 33439323 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of vascular calcification (VC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an important clinical subject. Hyperphosphatemia is a primary cause of CKD-related VC. Intravenous iron sucrose (IS) is commonly used to treat anemia in CKD patients, and is effective and well tolerated worldwide. However, the interaction between iron and VC remains controversial, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be clarified. In the present study, ex vivo normal rat aortic rings were cultured with various concentrations of phosphate and IS, and the levels of calcium and iron depositions, oxidative injury, as well as phenotypic marker genes were detected. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report that IS is a double-edged sword in high phosphate media-induced VC which not only alleviates VC in a dose-dependent manner but also leads to iron overload in vasculature when in high concentration. IS is a promising agent for VC prevention in patients with hyperphosphatemia and iron deficiency. Meanwhile, the appropriate blood concentration of IS in patients with hyperphosphatemia needs to be explored clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Chengkun Guo
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Wangshan Chen
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Neonatology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Furmanik M, van Gorp R, Whitehead M, Ahmad S, Bordoloi J, Kapustin A, Schurgers LJ, Shanahan CM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification via Increased Release of Grp78 (Glucose-Regulated Protein, 78 kDa)-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:898-914. [PMID: 33297752 PMCID: PMC7837691 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is common among aging populations and mediated by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in protein folding and ER stress has been implicated in bone mineralization. The role of ER stress in VSMC-mediated calcification is less clear. Approach and Results: mRNA expression of the ER stress markers PERK (PKR (protein kinase RNA)-like ER kinase), ATF (activating transcription factor) 4, ATF6, and Grp78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa) was detectable in human vessels with levels of PERK decreased in calcified plaques compared to healthy vessels. Protein deposition of Grp78/Grp94 was increased in the matrix of calcified arteries. Induction of ER stress accelerated human primary VSMC-mediated calcification, elevated expression of some osteogenic markers (Runx2 [RUNX family transcription factor 2], OSX [Osterix], ALP [alkaline phosphatse], BSP [bone sialoprotein], and OPG [osteoprotegerin]), and decreased expression of SMC markers. ER stress potentiated extracellular vesicle (EV) release via SMPD3 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3). EVs from ER stress-treated VSMCs showed increased Grp78 levels and calcification. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of Grp78/Grp94 in EVs. siRNA (short interfering RNA) knock-down of Grp78 decreased calcification. Warfarin-induced Grp78 and ATF4 expression in rat aortas and VSMCs and increased calcification in an ER stress-dependent manner via increased EV release. CONCLUSIONS ER stress induces vascular calcification by increasing release of Grp78-loaded EVs. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of action of warfarin, involving increased EV release via the PERK-ATF4 pathway, contributing to calcification. This study is the first to show that warfarin induces ER stress and to link ER stress to cargo loading of EVs.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 4/genetics
- Activating Transcription Factor 4/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Extracellular Vesicles/drug effects
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Warfarin/toxicity
- Young Adult
- eIF-2 Kinase/genetics
- eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Furmanik
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (M.F., R.v.G., L.J.S.)
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (M.F., M.W., S.A., J.B., A.K., C.M.S.)
| | - Rick van Gorp
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (M.F., R.v.G., L.J.S.)
| | - Meredith Whitehead
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (M.F., M.W., S.A., J.B., A.K., C.M.S.)
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (M.F., M.W., S.A., J.B., A.K., C.M.S.)
| | - Jayanta Bordoloi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (M.F., M.W., S.A., J.B., A.K., C.M.S.)
| | - Alexander Kapustin
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (M.F., M.W., S.A., J.B., A.K., C.M.S.)
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (M.F., R.v.G., L.J.S.)
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (M.F., M.W., S.A., J.B., A.K., C.M.S.)
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22
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Svajger BA, Riddoch JLH, Pruss CM, Laverty KJ, Ward E, Holden RM, Adams MA. Development of experimental chronic kidney disease and vascular calcification alters diurnal variation of phosphate and its hormonal regulators. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14626. [PMID: 33190417 PMCID: PMC7666773 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineral-bone axis is tightly regulated and dependent on renal function. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) progressive loss of renal capacity disrupts this axis over-time, with marked changes in circulating calcium, phosphate, PTH, and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). These changes contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, like vascular calcification (VC), which worsens morbidity and mortality in CKD. Although the chronic changes in these circulating factors and their relationships are well known, no experimental studies have examined how the progressive development of CKD and VC alter the circadian rhythms of these factors. An adenine-induced experimental model of CKD in rats was used to establish (i) general circulating trends, (ii) if renal dysfunction affects these observed trends, and (iii) identify potential changes in these trends caused by VC. This study clearly discerned patterns of daily variations in circulating minerals and hormones, finding that both phosphate and PTH follow modelable diurnal variations whereas calcium and FGF-23 maintain relative stability over 24-hr. Surprisingly, the development of CKD was not sufficient to disrupt these patterns of diurnal variation and only altered the magnitude of change; however, it was found that the diurnal rhythms of circulating phosphate and daily stability of calcium were only significantly altered in the setting of CKD with established VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A. Svajger
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
| | - Justin L. H. Riddoch
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
| | - Cynthia M. Pruss
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
| | - Kimberly J. Laverty
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
| | - Emilie Ward
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
| | | | - Michael A. Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
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23
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Wen Y, Zhao M, Huang W, Fang S, Lin C. Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis associated with use of Chinese herbal medicine: Two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22813. [PMID: 33080758 PMCID: PMC7571907 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) is a rare form of ischemic colitis. It is more common in the Asian population people with Asian ancestry. Disease pathogenesis and etiology are not fully elucidated but may be associated with the long-term intake of toxins and other substances, including Chinese herbs. The disease has typical radiological and endoscopic features. Radiologic examination combined with endoscopy can lead to a conclusive diagnosis. PATIENT CONCERNS We present 2 cases of IMP: in male patients aged 66 and 79 years. The first patient presented with diarrhea and abdominal pain, and the second patient presented with numbness of limbs and abdominal discomfort. These patients had a history of long-term use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). DIAGNOSIS Both patients were diagnosed with IMP by endoscopy and radiology, and the diagnosis confirmed by biopsy in the first patient. INTERVENTIONS The first patient was advised to stop using CHM. Both patients were given conservative treatment and were followed up regularly. OUTCOMES Symptoms improved after conservative treatment. The patients had no obvious discomfort during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION We suspect that the disease is induced by the long-term use of CHM, and dosage and duration of use may determine disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Huang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Opdebeeck B, Neven E, Millán JL, Pinkerton AB, D'Haese PC, Verhulst A. Pharmacological TNAP inhibition efficiently inhibits arterial media calcification in a warfarin rat model but deserves careful consideration of potential physiological bone formation/mineralization impairment. Bone 2020; 137:115392. [PMID: 32360899 PMCID: PMC8406684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Arterial media calcification is frequently seen in elderly and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes and osteoporosis. Pyrophosphate is a well-known calcification inhibitor that binds to nascent hydroxyapatite crystals and prevents further incorporation of inorganic phosphate into these crystals. However, the enzyme tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which is expressed in calcified arteries, degrades extracellular pyrophosphate into phosphate ions, by which pyrophosphate loses its ability to block vascular calcification. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether pharmacological TNAP inhibition is able to prevent the development of arterial calcification in a rat model of warfarin-induced vascular calcification. To investigate the effect of the pharmacological TNAP inhibitor SBI-425 on vascular calcification and bone metabolism, a 0.30% warfarin rat model was used. Warfarin exposure resulted in distinct calcification in the aorta and peripheral arteries. Daily administration of the TNAP inhibitor SBI-425 (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 weeks significantly reduced vascular calcification as indicated by a significant decrease in calcium content in the aorta (vehicle 3.84 ± 0.64 mg calcium/g wet tissue vs TNAP inhibitor 0.70 ± 0.23 mg calcium/g wet tissue) and peripheral arteries and a distinct reduction in area % calcification on Von Kossa stained aortic sections as compared to vehicle. Administration of SBI-425 resulted in decreased bone formation rate and mineral apposition rate, and increased osteoid maturation time and this without significant changes in osteoclast- and eroded perimeter. Administration of TNAP inhibitor SBI-425 significantly reduced the calcification in the aorta and peripheral arteries of a rat model of warfarin-induced vascular calcification. However, suppression of TNAP activity should be limited in order to maintain adequate physiological bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Opdebeeck
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Neven
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Anthony B Pinkerton
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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25
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He P, Yu H, Jiang L, Chen Z, Wang S, Macrae VE, Fu X, Zhu D. Hdac9 inhibits medial artery calcification through down-regulation of Osterix. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 132:106775. [PMID: 32702412 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Medial artery calcification (MAC) significantly contributes to the increased cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous genome-wide association studies have shown that various genetic variants of the histone deacetylase Hdac9 are associated with cardiovascular disease, but the role of Hdac9 in MAC under CKD conditions remains unclear. METHODS High phosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and MAC in mice administered with vitamin D3 (vD) were used in the present study. Alizarin red staining, calcium quantitative assay, qPCR, western blotting and histology were performed. RESULTS Hdac9 expression was significantly down-regulated during high phosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and MAC in mice administered with vitamin D3 (vD). Furthermore, high phosphate treatment inhibited phosphorylation of Akt, and pharmacological inhibition of Akt signaling reduced Hdac9 expression in cultured VSMCs. Knockdown of Hdac9 significantly enhanced calcium deposition in VSMCs. Conversely, adenovirus mediated-overexpression of Hdac9 inhibited high phosphate induced VSMC in vitro calcification. Our subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that the anti-calcific effect of Hdac9 was mediated through down-regulation of osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osterix. CONCLUSION These data suggest that Hdac9 is a novel inhibitor of MAC and may represent a potential therapeutic target for MAC in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Hongjiao Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Forester hill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Vicky E Macrae
- The Roslin Institute, RDSVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China.
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China.
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26
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Oh YJ, Kim H, Kim AJ, Ro H, Chang JH, Lee HH, Chung W, Jun HS, Jung JY. Reduction of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 Drives Vascular Calcification through Wnt3a-Mediated Rho/ROCK/JNK Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103539. [PMID: 32429518 PMCID: PMC7278993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is commonly associated with bone loss in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) regulates osteoblast activation through canonical signaling pathways, but the common pathophysiology of these pathways during VC and bone loss has not been identified. A rat model of adenine-induced CKD with VC was used in this study. The rats were fed 0.75% adenine (2.5% protein, 0.92% phosphate) with or without intraperitoneal injection of calcitriol (0.08 µg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Angiotensin II (3 µM)-induced VC was achieved in high phosphate medium (3 mM) through its effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In an mRNA profiler polymerase chain reaction assay of the Wnt signaling pathway, secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (sFRP5) levels were significantly decreased in the CKD rat model compared with the control group. The repression of sFRP5 on VSMC trans-differentiation was mediated through Rho/Rho-associated coiled coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways activated by Wnt3a. In a proof of concept study conducted with patients with CKD, serum sFRP5 concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with VC than in those without VC. Our findings suggest that repression of sFRP5 is associated with VC in the CKD environment via activation of the noncanonical Wnt pathway, and thus that sFRP5 might be a novel therapeutic target for VC in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/blood
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adenine/toxicity
- Adipokines/genetics
- Adipokines/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
- rho-Associated Kinases/genetics
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju 63127, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Ae Jin Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Wookyung Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-458-2621; Fax: +82-32-460-3431
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27
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Dong Q, Chen Y, Liu W, Liu X, Chen A, Yang X, Li Y, Wang S, Fu M, Ou JS, Lu L, Yan J. 25-Hydroxycholesterol promotes vascular calcification via activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173165. [PMID: 32423869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a highly regulated process similar to osteogenesis involving phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), one of oxysterols synthesized by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, has been shown to promote bovine calcifying vascular cells (CVC) calcification. However, whether and how 25-HC regulates vascular calcification are not completely understood. In this study, in vitro and ex vivo models of vascular calcification were used to determine whether 25-HC regulates vascular calcification. Alizarin red staining and calcium content assay showed that 25-HC treatment promoted calcification of rat and human VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, ex vivo study further confirmed that 25-HC accelerated calcification of rat aortic rings. In addition, western blot analysis showed that 25-HC significantly up-regulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling molecules including ATF4 and CHOP in VSMCs and flow cytometry analysis revealed that 25-HC increased apoptosis of VSMCs. Moreover, knockdown of CHOP by siRNA blocked 25-HC-induced mineral deposition in VSMCs. Collectively, this study for the first time demonstrates that 25-HC promotes vascular calcification via ATF4/CHOP signaling using in vitro and ex vivo models, suggesting that ERS is involved in the regulation of 25-HC-induced vascular calcification.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 4/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydroxycholesterols/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription Factor CHOP/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Department of Pathophysiolgy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Wantao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China
| | - Xiulin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China
| | - Yining Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China
| | - Mingwei Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Lihe Lu
- Department of Pathophysiolgy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.
| | - Jianyun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China.
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Gorskaya YF, Semenova EN, Nagurskaya EV, Nesterenko VG. Involvement of Bone Marrow Multipotent Stromal Cells in the Processes Presumably Provoking Vascular Calcification. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:479-484. [PMID: 32146636 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During serial transplantation of bone marrow derived from young and aged donor CBA mice to 5-month-old recipients, the counts of multipotent stromal cells (MSC) in transplants from young donors assessed at each passage surpassed those of aged donors by 3.2, 7.8, 3.0, and 2.2 times attesting to the age-related decrease of active pool of bone marrow MSC. The medullary curettage in mouse femur increased the total number of MSC and the number of osteogenic MSC both in the contralateral femur and in the bone marrow transplants attesting to spread of the effects of osteogenic factors after bone injury onto the bone tissue of the body even if this tissue if not topographically related to the skeleton. Combined and simultaneous administration of antigenic complex of S. typhimurium (or LPS) with BMP-2 markedly increased the count of osteogenic medullary MSC by 3.6 or 4.6 times in comparison with intact control or by 2.1 and 2.7 times in comparison with administration of BMP-2 alone, which probably resulted from enlargement of the pool of osteogenesis-inducible MSC due to inflammation. Addition of BMP-2 to the culture of splenic stromal cells where osteogenesis does not occur under normal conditions provoked appearance of MSC colonies with alkaline phosphatase activity attesting to involvement of inducible osteogenic MSC in vascular calcification. It can be hypothesized that the reaction to the age-related changes in the bone tissue and osteoporosis is similar to the reaction to bone marrow injury and includes initiation of systemic inflammation and elevation of blood BMP-2, both of which are prerequisite for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu F Gorskaya
- Laboratory of Immunity Regulation and Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E N Semenova
- Laboratory of Immunity Regulation and Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Nagurskaya
- Laboratory of Immunity Regulation and Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Nesterenko
- Laboratory of Immunity Regulation and Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Schantl AE, Verhulst A, Neven E, Behets GJ, D'Haese PC, Maillard M, Mordasini D, Phan O, Burnier M, Spaggiari D, Decosterd LA, MacAskill MG, Alcaide-Corral CJ, Tavares AAS, Newby DE, Beindl VC, Maj R, Labarre A, Hegde C, Castagner B, Ivarsson ME, Leroux JC. Inhibition of vascular calcification by inositol phosphates derivatized with ethylene glycol oligomers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:721. [PMID: 32024848 PMCID: PMC7002685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is a natural product known to inhibit vascular calcification (VC), but with limited potency and low plasma exposure following bolus administration. Here we report the design of a series of inositol phosphate analogs as crystallization inhibitors, among which 4,6-di-O-(methoxy-diethyleneglycol)-myo-inositol-1,2,3,5-tetrakis(phosphate), (OEG2)2-IP4, displays increased in vitro activity, as well as more favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles than IP6 after subcutaneous injection. (OEG2)2-IP4 potently stabilizes calciprotein particle (CPP) growth, consistently demonstrates low micromolar activity in different in vitro models of VC (i.e., human serum, primary cell cultures, and tissue explants), and largely abolishes the development of VC in rodent models, while not causing toxicity related to serum calcium chelation. The data suggest a mechanism of action independent of the etiology of VC, whereby (OEG2)2-IP4 disrupts the nucleation and growth of pathological calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E Schantl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Neven
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert J Behets
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Maillard
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Mordasini
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Phan
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dany Spaggiari
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent A Decosterd
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark G MacAskill
- University-BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carlos J Alcaide-Corral
- University-BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriana A S Tavares
- University-BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- University-BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victoria C Beindl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Labarre
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chrismita Hegde
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bastien Castagner
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Huang LH, Sun XY, Ouyang JM. Shape-dependent toxicity and mineralization of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in A7R5 aortic smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18979. [PMID: 31831831 PMCID: PMC6908626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell damage is a key step in inducing vascular calcification that yields hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a major product. The effect of the shape of HAP on the damage to vascular smooth muscle cells has yet to be investigated. In this study, we compared the differences in toxicity of four various morphological nano-HAP crystals, namely, H-Rod, H-Needle, H-Sphere, and H-Plate, in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7R5). The sizes of these crystals were 39 nm × 115 nm, 41 nm ×189 nm, 56 nm × 56 nm, and 91 nm × 192 nm, respectively. Results showed that all HAPs decreased cell viability, disorganized cell morphology, disrupted cell membranes, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased lysosome integrity, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased intracellular calcium concentration, resulting in cell necrosis. The cytotoxicity of the four kinds of HAP was ranked as follows: H-Plate > H-Sphere > H-Needle > H-Rod. The cytotoxicity of each crystal was positively correlated with the following factors: large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity and low surface charge. HAP accelerated calcium deposits on the A7R5 cell surface and induced the expression of osteogenic proteins, such as BMP-2, Runx2, OCN, and ALP. The crystals with high cytotoxicity caused more calcium deposits on the cell surface, higher expression levels of osteogenic protein, and stronger osteogenic transformation abilities. These findings elucidated the relationship between crystal shape and cytotoxicity and provided theoretical references for decreasing the risks of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hong Huang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Lee SE, Sung JM, Andreini D, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Conte E, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Kumar A, Lee BK, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Marques H, Pontone G, Raff G, Shin S, Stone PH, Samady H, Virmani R, Narula J, Berman DS, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Lin FY, Min JK, Chang HJ. Differential association between the progression of coronary artery calcium score and coronary plaque volume progression according to statins: the Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque DetermIned by Computed TomoGraphic Angiography Imaging (PARADIGM) study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 20:1307-1314. [PMID: 30789215 PMCID: PMC6806249 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) is a strong predictor of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Conversely, statins, which markedly reduce MACE risk, increase CACS. We explored whether CACS progression represents compositional plaque volume (PV) progression differently according to statin use. METHODS AND RESULTS From a prospective multinational registry of consecutive patients (n = 2252) who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at a ≥ 2-year interval, 654 patients (61 ± 10 years, 56% men, inter-scan interval 3.9 ± 1.5 years) with information regarding the use of statins and having a serial CACS were included. Patients were divided into non-statin (n = 246) and statin-taking (n = 408) groups. Coronary PVs (total, calcified, and non-calcified; sum of fibrous, fibro-fatty, and lipid-rich) were quantitatively analysed, and CACS was measured from both CCTAs. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed for both statin-taking and non-statin group to assess the association between compositional PV change and change in CACS. In multivariate linear regression analysis, in the non-statin group, CACS increase was positively associated with both non-calcified (β = 0.369, P = 0.004) and calcified PV increase (β = 1.579, P < 0.001). However, in the statin-taking group, CACS increase was positively associated with calcified PV change (β = 0.756, P < 0.001) but was negatively associated with non-calcified PV change (β = -0.194, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION In the non-statin group, CACS progression indicates the progression of both non-calcified and calcified PV progression. However, under the effect of statins, CACS progression indicates only calcified PV progression, but not non-calcified PV progression. Thus, the result of serial CACS should be differently interpreted according to the use of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Centre, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Centre, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | | | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amit Kumar
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Gilbert Raff
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Peter H Stone
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Centre for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - James K Min
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Centre, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang R, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Ma W, Han X, Wang X, Liu N. HIF-1α/PDK4/autophagy pathway protects against advanced glycation end-products induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:470-476. [PMID: 31376939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of VSMC is one of the main causes of diabetic vascular calcification, and AGEs accumulation accelerates the calcification of VSMCs in diabetic patients. Autophagy has also been found to play an important role in the process of vascular calcification. However, the potential link between AGEs, autophagy and vascular calcification is still unclear and was investigated in this study. Primary VSMCs were isolated from the thoracic aorta of Sprague Dawley rats and cultured with AGEs-BSA to induce osteogenic differentiation. VSMCs calcification was evaluated by measuring the calcium content, RUNX2 protein levels, and by Alizarin red S staining. We demonstrated that treatment of VSMCs with AGE-BSA increased the expression of HIF-1α and PDK4. AGE-BSA treatment increased LC3-II and decreased p62 protein levels. AGE-BSA exposure enhanced autophagic flux determined by mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus, induced co-localization of LC3-II and LAMP-1, and increased the number of autophagasome under TEM. HIF-1α/PDK4 pathway was activated during AGEs-induced autophagy of VSMCs. In addition, autophagy played a protective role during AGE-induced calcification of VSMCs. In conclusion, AGEs enhance autophagy via the HIF-1α/PDK4 signaling pathway, and autophagy helps attenuate AGE-induced calcification of VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/pharmacology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Primary Cell Culture
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sequestosome-1 Protein/genetics
- Sequestosome-1 Protein/metabolism
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Pharmaceutical Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiqiong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Zickler D, Luecht C, Willy K, Chen L, Witowski J, Girndt M, Fiedler R, Storr M, Kamhieh-Milz J, Schoon J, Geissler S, Ringdén O, Schindler R, Moll G, Dragun D, Catar R. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in uraemic serum promotes osteoblastic transition and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via extracellular signal-regulated kinases and activator protein 1/c-FOS-mediated induction of interleukin 6 expression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:574-585. [PMID: 29228352 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is enhanced in uraemic chronic haemodialysis patients, likely due to the accumulation of midsize uraemic toxins, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Here we have assessed the impact of uraemia on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and examined the role of IL-6 and TNF-α as possible mediators and, most importantly, its underlying signalling pathway in VSMCs. Methods VSMCs were incubated with samples of uraemic serum obtained from patients treated with haemodialysis for renal failure in the Permeability Enhancement to Reduce Chronic Inflammation-I clinical trial. The VSMCs were assessed for IL-6 gene regulation and promoter activation in response to uraemic serum and TNF-α with reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay and for osteoblastic transition, cellular calcification and cell viability upon osteogenic differentiation. Results Uraemic serum contained higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with serum from healthy individuals. Exposure of VSMCs to uraemic serum or recombinant TNF-α lead to a strong upregulation of IL-6 mRNA expression and protein secretion, which was mediated by activator protein 1 (AP-1)/c-FOS-pathway signalling. Uraemic serum induced osteoblastic transition and calcification of VSMCs could be strongly attenuated by blocking TNF-α, IL-6 or AP-1/c-FOS signalling, which was accompanied by improved cell viability. Conclusion These results demonstrate that uraemic serum contains higher levels of uraemic toxins TNF-α and IL-6 and that uraemia promotes vascular calcification through a signalling pathway involving TNF-α, IL-6 and the AP-1/c-FOS cytokine-signalling axis. Thus treatment modalities aiming to reduce systemic TNF-α and IL-6 levels in chronic haemodialysis patients should be evaluated in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zickler
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Willy
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Chen
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Storr
- Department of Research and Development, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany
| | | | - Janosch Schoon
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center and School for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT/BSRT)
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Muskuloskeletal Regeneration (JWI), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center and School for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT/BSRT)
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Muskuloskeletal Regeneration (JWI), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olle Ringdén
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center and School for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT/BSRT)
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Muskuloskeletal Regeneration (JWI), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duska Dragun
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Lu Y, Ma Y, Wang R, Sun J, Guo B, Wei R, Jia Y. Adiponectin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell calcification induced by beta-glycerophosphate through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Biosci 2019; 44:86. [PMID: 31502564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common problem in the elderly with diabetes, heart failure and end-stage renal disease. The differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblasts is the main feature, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. It is not clear whether adiponectin (APN) affects osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs. This study aims to explore the effect of APN on vascular calcification by using a cell model induced by beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP). VSMCs were isolated and treated with beta-GP and APN in this study. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression levels of Runx2, BMP-2, collagen type I and osteocalcin were determined. The expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in nucleus and cytoplasm of VSMCs were analyzed. The results showed that APN significantly inhibited the expression of ALP, Runx2, BMP-2, collagen I, osteocalcin and the formation of the mineralized matrix in VSMCs induced by beta-GP. APN reduces the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs induced by beta-GP and down-regulates the expression of the osteogenic transcription factor osterix by inhibiting STATS3 phosphorylation and nuclear transport. APN may be one of the potential candidates for clinical treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Bisson SK, Ung RV, Picard S, Valade D, Agharazii M, Larivière R, Mac-Way F. High calcium, phosphate and calcitriol supplementation leads to an osteocyte-like phenotype in calcified vessels and bone mineralisation defect in uremic rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:212-223. [PMID: 29603070 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A link between vascular calcification and bone anomalies has been suggested in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with low bone turnover disease. We investigated the vascular expression of osteocyte markers in relation to bone microarchitecture and mineralization defects in a model of low bone turnover CKD rats with vascular calcification. CKD with vascular calcification was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy followed by high calcium and phosphate diet, and vitamin D supplementation (Ca/P/VitD). CKD + Ca/P/VitD group (n = 12) was compared to CKD + normal diet (n = 12), control + normal diet (n = 8) and control + Ca/P/VitD supplementation (n = 8). At week 6, tibia, femurs and the thoracic aorta were analysed by Micro-Ct, histomorphometry and for expression of osteocyte markers. High Ca/P/VitD treatment induced vascular calcification only in CKD rats, suppressed serum parathyroid hormone levels and led to higher sclerostin, DKK1 and FGF23 serum levels. Expression of sclerostin, DKK1 and DMP1 but not FGF23 were increased in calcified vessels from CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats. Despite low parathyroid hormone levels, tibia bone cortical thickness was significantly lower in CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats as compared to control rats fed a normal diet, which is likely the result of radial growth impairment. Finally, Ca/P/VitD treatment in CKD rats induced a bone mineralization defect, which is likely explained by the high calcitriol dose. In conclusion, Ca/P/VitD supplementation in CKD rats induces expression of osteocyte markers in vessels and bone mineralisation anomalies. Further studies should evaluate the mechanisms of high dose calcitriol-induced bone mineralisation defects in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Kim Bisson
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Roth-Visal Ung
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Sylvain Picard
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Danika Valade
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Mohsen Agharazii
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Richard Larivière
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada.
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Tsai MT, Chen YY, Chang WJ, Li SY. Warfarin accelerated vascular calcification and worsened cardiac dysfunction in remnant kidney mice. J Chin Med Assoc 2018; 81:324-330. [PMID: 29395943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is a significant risk factor for future cardiovascular events and death. Warfarin use results in dysfunction of matrix Gla protein, an inhibitor of vascular calcification. However, the effect of warfarin on vascular calcification in patients with ESRD is still not well characterized. Thus we investigated whether arterial calcification can be accelerated by warfarin treatment both in vitro and in vivo using a mouse remnant kidney model. METHODS Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were cultured in medium supplemented with warfarin and phosphate to investigate the potential role of this drug in osteoblast transdifferentiation. For in vivo study, adult male C57BL/6 mice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy were treated with active vitamin D3 plus warfarin to determine the extent of vascular calcification and parameters of cardiovascular function. RESULTS We found that the expressions of Runx2 and osteocalcin in HASMC were markedly enhanced in the culture medium containing warfarin and high phosphate concentration. Warfarin induced calcification of cultured HASMC in the presence of high phosphate levels, and this effect is inhibited by vitamin K2. Severe aortic calcification and reduced left ventricular ejection fractions were also noted in 5/6 nephrectomy mice treated with warfarin and active vitamin D3. CONCLUSION Warfarin treatment contributes to the accelerated vascular calcification in animal models of advanced chronic kidney disease. Clinicians should therefore be aware of the profound risk of warfarin use on vascular calcification and cardiac dysfunction in patients with ESRD and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Jeng Chang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Yuan Li
- National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Zhang X, Li R, Qin X, Wang L, Xiao J, Song Y, Sheng X, Guo M, Ji X. Sp1 Plays an Important Role in Vascular Calcification Both In Vivo and In Vitro. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007555. [PMID: 29572322 PMCID: PMC5907546 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are closely related in patients with end-stage renal disease and diabetes mellitus. Specific protein 1 (Sp1) is a transactivation molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and other pathological disorders. There is evidence that specific protein 1 (Sp1) directly stimulates the transcription of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and that BMP2 plays a key role in the calcification process in the BMP2-expressing F9 cell model system. Here, we investigated whether Sp1 plays an important role in vascular calcification and its potential regulatory mechanism in vascular calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, vascular calcification was induced in male Wistar rats by administration of nicotine (25 mg/kg) and vitamin D3 (300 000 IU/kg). These rats were randomly selected for treatment with adenovirus harboring Sp1 knockdown gene or empty virus. The mechanism of Sp1 in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in high phosphate medium was studied. Based on our findings, the Sp1 gene silencing or inhibition improved calcium deposition, which was partly achieved by inhibiting phenotype switch, apoptosis, and matrix vesicle release of vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, Sp1 can activate BMP2 transcription by binding to the Sp1-binding element of the BMP2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Overall, elevated Sp1 exerts a pro-apoptotic effect, promoting BMP2 transcription and further accumulating vascular calcification. Proper and timely regulation of Sp1 expression may be a potential strategy for treatment of aging, end-stage renal disease, and diabetic-related macrovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoteng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhang D, Bi X, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xiong J, Xu X, Xiao T, Yu Y, Jiang W, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhao J. High Phosphate-Induced Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells is Associated with the TLR4/NF-κb Signaling Pathway. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:1205-1215. [PMID: 29227975 DOI: 10.1159/000485874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hyperphosphatemia is one of the most notable features of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have found that high serum phosphate concentrations are associated with calcification in the coronary arteries. However, the mechanisms underlying the vascular calcification induced by high phosphate have not been understood fully. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured in high-phosphate media to induce vascular calcification, which was detected by Alizarin red S staining. Gene expression and protein levels of differentiation markers were determined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Protein levels of phosphorylated NF-κB and TLR4 were detected by western blotting, and the role of NF-κB/TLR4 was further confirmed by using an NF-κB inhibitor or TLR4 siRNA. RESULTS Our results showed that high-phosphate media induced obvious calcification of VSMCs. Simultaneously, VSMC differentiation was confirmed by the increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 and decreased expression of the VSMC-specific marker SM22α, which was accompanied by the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, a significant upregulation of TLR4 and phosphorylated NF-κB was also detected in VSMCs with high-phosphate media. In contrast, VSMC calcification and the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines were markedly attenuated by pretreatment with TLR4 siRNA and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid, an NF-κB inhibitor. CONCLUSION These data suggest that high-phosphate conditions directly induce vascular calcification via the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling in VSMCs. Moreover, inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be a key intervention to prevent vascular calcification in patients with CKD.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- An S De Vriese
- Division of Nephrology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium
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40
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McRobb LS, McGrath KCY, Tsatralis T, Liong EC, Tan JTM, Hughes G, Handelsman DJ, Heather AK. Estrogen Receptor Control of Atherosclerotic Calcification and Smooth Muscle Cell Osteogenic Differentiation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1127-1137. [PMID: 28473445 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. The objective of this work was to examine the ability of 17β-estradiol (E2) to stimulate calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in vivo, using aged apolipoprotein E-null mice with advanced atherosclerotic lesions, and subsequently to explore underlying mechanisms in vitro. APPROACH AND RESULTS Silastic E2 capsules were implanted into male and female apolipoprotein E-null mice aged 34 weeks. Plaque and calcified area were measured in the aortic sinus and innominate artery after 8 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis examined expression of the estrogen receptors (estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta [ERβ]). VSMC expression of osteogenic markers was examined using digital polymerase chain reaction. Advanced atherosclerotic lesions were present in all mice at the end of 8 weeks. In both male and female mice, E2 increased calcified area in a site-specific manner in the aortic sinus independently of plaque growth or lipid levels and occurred in association with a site-specific decrease in the proportion of ERβ-positive intimal cells. Calcified lesions expressed collagen I and bone sialoprotein, with decreased matrix Gla protein. In vitro, E2 suppressed ERβ expression and increased VSMC mineralization, demonstrating increased collagen I and II, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein, and reduced matrix Gla protein and osteopontin. Antagonism or RNA silencing of estrogen receptor alpha, ERβ, or both further increased VSMC mineralization. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that E2 can drive calcification in advanced atherosclerotic lesions by promoting the differentiation of VSMC to osteoblast-like cells, a process which is augmented by inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha or ERβ activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Implants
- Estradiol/administration & dosage
- Estradiol/toxicity
- Estrogen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/agonists
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor beta/agonists
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Osteocalcin/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transfection
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Matrix Gla Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda S McRobb
- From the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M., K.C.Y.M., T.T., E.C.L., J.T.M.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M.); School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (K.C.Y.M.); Sydney Medical School (J.T.M.T.) and ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences (G.H., A.K.H.) and HeartOtago (A.K.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kristine C Y McGrath
- From the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M., K.C.Y.M., T.T., E.C.L., J.T.M.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M.); School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (K.C.Y.M.); Sydney Medical School (J.T.M.T.) and ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences (G.H., A.K.H.) and HeartOtago (A.K.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tania Tsatralis
- From the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M., K.C.Y.M., T.T., E.C.L., J.T.M.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M.); School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (K.C.Y.M.); Sydney Medical School (J.T.M.T.) and ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences (G.H., A.K.H.) and HeartOtago (A.K.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Eleanore C Liong
- From the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M., K.C.Y.M., T.T., E.C.L., J.T.M.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M.); School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (K.C.Y.M.); Sydney Medical School (J.T.M.T.) and ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences (G.H., A.K.H.) and HeartOtago (A.K.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- From the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M., K.C.Y.M., T.T., E.C.L., J.T.M.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M.); School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (K.C.Y.M.); Sydney Medical School (J.T.M.T.) and ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences (G.H., A.K.H.) and HeartOtago (A.K.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gillian Hughes
- From the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M., K.C.Y.M., T.T., E.C.L., J.T.M.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M.); School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (K.C.Y.M.); Sydney Medical School (J.T.M.T.) and ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences (G.H., A.K.H.) and HeartOtago (A.K.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David J Handelsman
- From the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M., K.C.Y.M., T.T., E.C.L., J.T.M.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M.); School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (K.C.Y.M.); Sydney Medical School (J.T.M.T.) and ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences (G.H., A.K.H.) and HeartOtago (A.K.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alison K Heather
- From the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M., K.C.Y.M., T.T., E.C.L., J.T.M.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.S.M.); School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (K.C.Y.M.); Sydney Medical School (J.T.M.T.) and ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences (G.H., A.K.H.) and HeartOtago (A.K.H.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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41
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Samuelsson O, Saeed A. [Warfarin should not be recommended to anyone with atrial fibrillation]. Lakartidningen 2017; 114:EMSZ. [PMID: 28510240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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42
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Kapustin AN, Schoppet M, Schurgers LJ, Reynolds JL, McNair R, Heiss A, Jahnen-Dechent W, Hackeng TM, Schlieper G, Harrison P, Shanahan CM. Prothrombin Loading of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulates Coagulation and Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e22-e32. [PMID: 28104608 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The drug warfarin blocks carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins and acts as an anticoagulant and an accelerant of vascular calcification. The calcification inhibitor MGP (matrix Gla [carboxyglutamic acid] protein), produced by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is a key target of warfarin action in promoting calcification; however, it remains unclear whether proteins in the coagulation cascade also play a role in calcification. APPROACH AND RESULTS Vascular calcification is initiated by exosomes, and proteomic analysis revealed that VSMC exosomes are loaded with Gla-containing coagulation factors: IX and X, PT (prothrombin), and proteins C and S. Tracing of Alexa488-labeled PT showed that exosome loading occurs by direct binding to externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) on the exosomal surface and by endocytosis and recycling via late endosomes/multivesicular bodies. Notably, the PT Gla domain and a synthetic Gla domain peptide inhibited exosome-mediated VSMC calcification by preventing nucleation site formation on the exosomal surface. PT was deposited in the calcified vasculature, and there was a negative correlation between vascular calcification and the levels of circulating PT. In addition, we found that VSMC exosomes induced thrombogenesis in a tissue factor-dependent and PS-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Gamma-carboxylated coagulation proteins are potent inhibitors of vascular calcification suggesting warfarin action on these factors also contributes to accelerated calcification in patients receiving this drug. VSMC exosomes link calcification and coagulation acting as novel activators of the extrinsic coagulation pathway and inducers of calcification in the absence of Gla-containing inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Anticoagulants/adverse effects
- Blood Coagulation/drug effects
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Endocytosis
- Endosomes/metabolism
- Exosomes/drug effects
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylserines/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Transport
- Prothrombin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Warfarin/adverse effects
- Matrix Gla Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Kapustin
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Michael Schoppet
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Joanne L Reynolds
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Rosamund McNair
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Alexander Heiss
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Georg Schlieper
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Paul Harrison
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.)
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- From the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.N.K., J.L.R., R.M.N., C.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany (M.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute CARIM, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (L.J.S., T.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.H., W.J.-D.) and Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (G.S.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; and Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.H.).
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Shao J, Wu P, Wu J, Li M. [Mechanism of losartan suppressing vascular calcification in rat aortic artery]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 32:1060-1064. [PMID: 27412937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R) blocker losartan on vascular calcification in rat aortic artery and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods SD rats were divided randomly into control group, vascular calcification model group and treatment group. Vascular calcification models were made by subcutaneous injection of warfarin plus vitamin K1 for two weeks. Rats in the treatment group were subcutaneously injected with losartan (10 mg/kg) at the end of the first week and consecutively for one week. We observed the morphological changes by HE staining and the calcium deposition by Alizarin red staining in the artery vascular wall. The mRNA expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were analyzed by reverse transcription PCR. The BMP2 and RUNX2 protein expressions were determined by Western blotting. The apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were detected by TUNEL. The AT1R expression was tested by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Results The aortic vascular calcification was induced by warfarin and vitamin K1. Compared with the vascular calcification model group, the mRNA and protein expressions of BMP2 and RUNX2 were significantly downregulated in the aorta in the losartan treatment group. Furthermore, the apoptosis of SMCs and the AT1R expression obviously decreased. Conclusion AT1R blocker losartan inhibits the apoptosis of SMCs and reduces AT1R expression; it downregulates the BMP2 and RUNX2 expressions in the vascular calcification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-cerebrovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-cerebrovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Jiliang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-cerebrovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
| | - Mincai Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-cerebrovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China. *Corresponding authors, E-mail:
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Nagata Y, Watanabe T, Nagasaka K, Yamada M, Murai M, Takeuchi S, Murase M, Yazaki T, Murase T, Komatsu K, Kaizuka M, Sano M, Asano K, Ando C, Taniuchi N. Total dosage of gardenia fruit used by patients with mesenteric phlebosclerosis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:207. [PMID: 27402114 PMCID: PMC4940942 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric phlebosclerosis (MP) is a disease characterized by fibrotic change or calcification of the mesenteric vein. Recently, there has been an increase in case reports of MP related to herbal medicine usage. Long-term intake of gardenia fruit (GF) is suspected as a possible cause. However, many GF users do not develop this disease and the association between GF and MP remains unclear. In this study, we investigated for the first time the dosage of GF used by patients with and without MP. METHODS We used a medical chart review study design to assess the association between GF and MP. We reviewed patients with a history of intake of herbal medicines containing GF. Among these patients, we selected patients who were examined by colonoscopy and abdominal plain computed tomography (CT). We investigated the findings of colonoscopy, CT scan and histological examination. We assessed the total dosages of GF alongside the duration of ambulatory visit, the administration period of herbal medicine containing GF and pre-existing disease in order to compare MP cases and non-MP patients. RESULTS Ten MP cases and 42 non-MP patients were analyzed. We summarized clinical findings of MP cases. All MP cases used more GF than non-MP patients and were administered more than approximately 5,000 grams of GF in cumulative dosage. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that excessive intake of GF contributes to and/or accelerates the development of MP suggesting that long-term usage of GF in excessive amounts increases the risk of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nagata
- Department of Oriental Traditional Medical Center, Suwa Central Hospital, 4300 Tamagawa, Chino, Nagano, 391-8503, Japan.
- River Side Clinic, Chino, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Watanabe
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine and Rheumatology, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nagasaka
- Department of Oriental Traditional Medical Center, Suwa Central Hospital, 4300 Tamagawa, Chino, Nagano, 391-8503, Japan
- River Side Clinic, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamada
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Murai
- Hokudaimae Clinic, Hokkaido Kampo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Shinsapporo Keiaikai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sunao Takeuchi
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mai Murase
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yazaki
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murase
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Komatsu
- Department of Surgery, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Machiko Kaizuka
- Department of Surgery, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mika Sano
- Department of Radiology, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koji Asano
- Department of Pathology, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Norihide Taniuchi
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
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Deng D, Diao Z, Han X, Liu W. Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 Attenuates High Phosphate-Induced Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:66-75. [PMID: 26895007 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent and represents a major cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. High phosphate (HP) levels are strongly associated with VC in this population. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), one of the inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, is a known anti-inflammatory adipokine with a positive effect on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to its anticancer potency. However, the role of SFRP5 in the pathophysiology of VC is unclear. This work aimed to study the mechanism of action of SFRP5 on the progression of HP-induced VC, which resembles the CKD-related VC, through its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. Addition of SFRP5 significantly inhibited HP-induced calcification of VSMCs as determined by Alizarin red staining and calcium content. The inhibitory effect of SFRP5 on calcification of VSMCs was due to the suppression of HP-induced expression of calcification and osteoblastic markers. In addition, SFRP5 abrogated HP-induced activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of VC. The specificity of SFRP5 for the inhibition of calcification of VSMCs was confirmed by using a neutralizing antibody to SFRP5. Our results suggest that SFRP5 inhibits HP-induced calcification of VSMCs by inhibiting the expression of calcification and osteoblastic markers, as well as the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Our study may indicate that SFRP5 is a potential therapeutic agent in calcification of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zongli Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenhu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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46
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Abstract
The vitamin K antagonist, warfarin, is the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant. Use of warfarin is associated with an increase in systemic calcification, including in the coronary and peripheral vasculature. This increase in vascular calcification is due to inhibition of the enzyme matrix gamma-carboxyglutamate Gla protein (MGP). MGP is a vitamin K-dependent protein that ordinarily prevents systemic calcification by scavenging calcium phosphate in the tissues. Warfarin-induced systemic calcification can result in adverse clinical effects. In this review article, we highlight some of the key translational and clinical studies that associate warfarin with vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Poterucha
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Samuel Z Goldhaber
- Vascular Medicine Section, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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47
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Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Pasch A, O'Neill WC, Stewart A, Horne AM, Reid IR. Acute and 3-month effects of calcium carbonate on the calcification propensity of serum and regulators of vascular calcification: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1209-1216. [PMID: 26493812 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Calcium supplements have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the effects of calcium supplements on the propensity of serum to calcify, based on the transition time of primary to secondary calciprotein particles (T50). Changes in serum calcium were related to changes in T50. INTRODUCTION Calcium supplements have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk; however, it is unknown whether this is related to an increase in vascular calcification. METHODS We investigated the acute and 3-month effects of calcium supplements on the propensity of serum to calcify, based on the transition time of primary to secondary calciprotein particles (T50), and on three possible regulators of calcification: fetuin-A, pyrophosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). We randomized 41 postmenopausal women to 1 g/day of calcium as carbonate, or to a placebo containing no calcium. Measurements were performed at baseline and then 4 and 8 h after their first dose, and after 3 months of supplementation. Fetuin-A, pyrophosphate and FGF23 were measured in the first 10 participants allocated to calcium carbonate and placebo who completed the study. RESULTS T50 declined in both groups, the changes tending to be greater in the calcium group. Pyrophosphate declined from baseline in the placebo group at 4 h and was different from the calcium group at this time point (p = 0.04). There were no other significant between-groups differences. The changes in serum total calcium from baseline were significantly related to changes in T50 at 4 h (r = -0.32, p = 0.05) and 8 h (r = -0.39, p = 0.01), to fetuin-A at 3 months (r = 0.57, p = 0.01) and to pyrophosphate at 4 h (r = 0.61, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These correlative findings suggest that serum calcium concentrations modulate the propensity of serum to calcify (T50), and possibly produce counter-regulatory changes in pyrophosphate and fetuin-A. This provides a possible mechanism by which calcium supplements might influence vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bristow
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - G D Gamble
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Pasch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - W C O'Neill
- Renal Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Stewart
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A M Horne
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I R Reid
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Endocrinology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Masuda M, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Keenan AL, Okamura K, Kendrick J, Chonchol M, Offermanns S, Ntambi JM, Kuro-O M, Miyazaki M. Saturated phosphatidic acids mediate saturated fatty acid-induced vascular calcification and lipotoxicity. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4544-58. [PMID: 26517697 DOI: 10.1172/jci82871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that saturated fatty acid-induced (SFA-induced) lipotoxicity contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie SFA-induced lipotoxicity remain unclear. Here, we have shown that repression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) enzymes, which regulate the intracellular balance of SFAs and unsaturated FAs, and the subsequent accumulation of SFAs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), are characteristic events in the development of vascular calcification. We evaluated whether SMC-specific inhibition of SCD and the resulting SFA accumulation plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification and generated mice with SMC-specific deletion of both Scd1 and Scd2. Mice lacking both SCD1 and SCD2 in SMCs displayed severe vascular calcification with increased ER stress. Moreover, we employed shRNA library screening and radiolabeling approaches, as well as in vitro and in vivo lipidomic analysis, and determined that fully saturated phosphatidic acids such as 1,2-distearoyl-PA (18:0/18:0-PA) mediate SFA-induced lipotoxicity and vascular calcification. Together, these results identify a key lipogenic pathway in SMCs that mediates vascular calcification.
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Davenport C, Mahmood WA, Forde H, Ashley DT, Agha A, McDermott J, Sreenan S, Thompson CJ, McGrath F, McAdam B, Cummins PM, Smith D. The effects of insulin and liraglutide on osteoprotegerin and vascular calcification in vitro and in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:53-61. [PMID: 26036811 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification (VC) is inhibited by the glycoprotein osteoprotegerin (OPG). It is unclear whether treatments for type 2 diabetes are capable of promoting or inhibiting VC. The present study examined the effects of insulin and liraglutide on i) the production of OPG and ii) the emergence of VC, both in vitro in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and in vivo in type 2 diabetes. DESIGN/METHODS HASMCs were exposed to insulin glargine or liraglutide, after which OPG production, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and levels of Runx2, ALP and bone sialoprotein (BSP) mRNA were measured. A prospective, nonrandomised human subject study was also conducted, in which OPG levels and coronary artery calcification (CAC) were measured in a type 2 diabetes population before and 16 months after the commencement of either insulin or liraglutide treatment and in a control group that took oral hypoglycemics only. RESULTS Exposure to insulin glargine, but not liraglutide, was associated with significantly decreased OPG production (11 913±1409 pg/10(4) cells vs 282±13 pg/10(4) cells, control vs 10 nmol/l insulin, P<0.0001), increased ALP activity (0.82±0.06 IU/10(4) cells vs 2.40±0.16 IU/10(4) cells, control vs 10 nmol/l insulin, P<0.0001) and increased osteogenic gene expression by HASMCs. In the clinical study (n=101), insulin treatment was associated with a significant reduction in OPG levels and, despite not achieving full statistical significance, a trend towards increased CAC in patients. CONCLUSION Exogenous insulin down-regulated OPG in vitro and in vivo and promoted VC in vitro. Although neither insulin nor liraglutide significantly affected CAC in the present pilot study, these data support the establishment of randomised trials to investigate medications and VC in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Davenport
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Wan A Mahmood
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hannah Forde
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - David T Ashley
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Amar Agha
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John McDermott
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Seamus Sreenan
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Thompson
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Frank McGrath
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brendan McAdam
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Philip M Cummins
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid Smith
- Department of Academic EndocrinologyDiabetes Day Centre, Beaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartment of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandDepartments of RadiologyCardiologyBeaumont Hospital, County Dublin, Dublin 9, IrelandSchool of BiotechnologyCentre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, County Dublin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Zhang J, Chang JR, Duan XH, Yu YR, Zhang BH. Thyroid hormone attenuates vascular calcification induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:80-7. [PMID: 25416842 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) play critical roles in bone remodeling. However, the role and mechanism of THs in vascular calcification (VC) have been unclear. To explore the pathophysiological roles of T3 on VC, we investigated the changes in plasma and aortas of THs concentrations and the effect of T3 on rat VC induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN). VDN-treated rat showed decreased plasma T3 content, increased vascular calcium deposition, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Administration of T3 (0.2 mg/kg body weight IP) for 10 days greatly reduced vascular calcium deposition and ALP activity in calcified rat aortas when compared with controls. Concurrently, the loss of smooth muscle lineage markers α-actin and SM22a was restored, and the increased bone-associated molecules, such as runt-related transcription factor2 (Runx2), Osterix, and osteopontin (OPN) levels in calcified aorta, were reduced by administration of T3. The suppression of klotho in calcified rat aorta was restored by T3. Methimazole (400 mg/L) blocked the beneficial effect of T3 on VC. These results suggested that T3 can inhibit VC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China,
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