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Lee SE, Hong Y, Hong J, Jung J, Sung JM, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Conte E, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Marques H, Gonçalves PDA, Pontone G, Shin S, Stone PH, Samady H, Virmani R, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Lin FY, Min JK, Chang HJ. Prediction of the development of new coronary atherosclerotic plaques with radiomics. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2024; 18:274-280. [PMID: 38378314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiomics is expected to identify imaging features beyond the human eye. We investigated whether radiomics can identify coronary segments that will develop new atherosclerotic plaques on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS From a prospective multinational registry of patients with serial CCTA studies at ≥ 2-year intervals, segments without identifiable coronary plaque at baseline were selected and radiomic features were extracted. Cox models using clinical risk factors (Model 1), radiomic features (Model 2) and both clinical risk factors and radiomic features (Model 3) were constructed to predict the development of a coronary plaque, defined as total PV ≥ 1 mm3, at follow-up CCTA in each segment. RESULTS In total, 9583 normal coronary segments were identified from 1162 patients (60.3 ± 9.2 years, 55.7% male) and divided 8:2 into training and test sets. At follow-up CCTA, 9.8% of the segments developed new coronary plaque. The predictive power of Models 1 and 2 was not different in both the training and test sets (C-index [95% confidence interval (CI)] of Model 1 vs. Model 2: 0.701 [0.690-0.712] vs. 0.699 [0.0.688-0.710] and 0.696 [0.671-0.725] vs. 0.0.691 [0.667-0.715], respectively, all p > 0.05). The addition of radiomic features to clinical risk factors improved the predictive power of the Cox model in both the training and test sets (C-index [95% CI] of Model 3: 0.772 [0.762-0.781] and 0.767 [0.751-0.787], respectively, all p < 00.0001 compared to Models 1 and 2). CONCLUSION Radiomic features can improve the identification of segments that would develop new coronary atherosclerotic plaque. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0280341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngtaek Hong
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongsoo Hong
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juyeong Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniele Andreini
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Dental and Surgical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peter H Stone
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Georgia Heart Institute, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, GA, USA
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- University of Texas Health Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.
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2
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Pontone G, Rossi A, Baggiano A, Andreini D, Conte E, Fusini L, Gebhard C, Rabbat MG, Guaricci A, Guglielmo M, Muscogiuri G, Mushtaq S, Al-Mallah MH, Berman DS, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Lee SE, Maffei E, Marques H, Samady H, Shin S, Sung JM, van Rosendael A, Virmani R, Bax JJ, Leipsic JA, Lin FY, Min JK, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Chang HJ. Progression of non-obstructive coronary plaque: a practical CCTA-based risk score from the PARADIGM registry. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:2665-2676. [PMID: 37750979 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No clear recommendations are endorsed by the different scientific societies on the clinical use of repeat coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to develop and validate a practical CCTA risk score to predict medium-term disease progression in patients at a low-to-intermediate probability of CAD. METHODS Patients were part of the Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging (PARADIGM) registry. Specifically, 370 (derivation cohort) and 219 (validation cohort) patients with two repeat, clinically indicated CCTA scans, non-obstructive CAD, and absence of high-risk plaque (≥ 2 high-risk features) at baseline CCTA were included. Disease progression was defined as the new occurrence of ≥ 50% stenosis and/or high-risk plaque at follow-up CCTA. RESULTS In the derivation cohort, 104 (28%) patients experienced disease progression. The median time interval between the two CCTAs was 3.3 years (2.7-4.8). Odds ratios for disease progression derived from multivariable logistic regression were as follows: 4.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.69-12.48) for the number of plaques with spotty calcification, 3.73 (1.46-9.52) for the number of plaques with low attenuation component, 2.71 (1.62-4.50) for 25-49% stenosis severity, 1.47 (1.17-1.84) for the number of bifurcation plaques, and 1.21 (1.02-1.42) for the time between the two CCTAs. The C-statistics of the model were 0.732 (0.676-0.788) and 0.668 (0.583-0.752) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The new CCTA-based risk score is a simple and practical tool that can predict mid-term CAD progression in patients with known non-obstructive CAD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The clinical implementation of this new CCTA-based risk score can help promote the management of patients with non-obstructive coronary disease in terms of timing of imaging follow-up and therapeutic strategies. KEY POINTS • No recommendations are available on the use of repeat CCTA in patients with non-obstructive CAD. • This new CCTA score predicts mid-term CAD progression in patients with non-obstructive stenosis at baseline. • This new CCTA score can help guide the clinical management of patients with non-obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Baggiano
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fusini
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chaterine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark G Rabbat
- Division of Cardiology, Loyola University Chicago, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Guaricci
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Policlinico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Guglielmo
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muscogiuri
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, UNICA, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei‑Cedars‑Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR, Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, UNICA, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Yonsei‑Cedars‑Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexander van Rosendael
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Turku Heart Center, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Yonsei‑Cedars‑Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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Park S, Kim DE, Kim SM, Choi J, Park SJ, Lee HY, Chun EJ. Association of epicardial adipose tissue with metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular outcomes: serial coronary computed tomography angiography study. Korean J Intern Med 2024; 39:283-294. [PMID: 38351679 PMCID: PMC10918372 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) shares pathophysiological properties with other visceral fats and potentially triggers local inflammation. However, the association of EAT with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still debatable. The study aimed to observe the changes and associations in EAT and risk factors over time, as well as to investigate whether EAT was associated with CVD. METHODS A total of 762 participants from Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) and SNUH Gangnam Center were included in this study. EAT was measured using coronary computed tomography angiography. RESULTS Baseline EAT level was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), calcium score, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) 10-year risk score, glucose, triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but not with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL). At follow-up, EAT levels increased in all groups, with low EAT groups demonstrating a significant increase in EAT per year. Change in EAT was associated with a change in BMI, TG/HDL, and glucose, while changes in LDL, calcium score, and ASCVD 10-year risk score were not associated. Although calcium score and ASCVD 10-year risk score were associated with CVD events, baseline information of EAT, baseline EAT/body surface area, or EAT change was not available. CONCLUSION Metabolic risks, e.g., BMI, TG/HDL, and glucose, were associated with EAT change per year, whereas classical CVD risks, e.g., LDL, calcium score, and ASCVD 10-year risk score, were not. The actual CVD event was not associated with EAT volume, warranting future studies combining qualitative assessments with quantitative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Eun Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Min Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JungMin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Park
- Research and Science Division, Research and Development Center, MEDICALIP Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Division of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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4
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Son MJ, Chun EJ, Yoo SM, Lee SJ, White CS. Identification of Mitral Valve Prolapse on Non-electrocardiography-gated Enhanced Chest Computed Tomography. J Thorac Imaging 2023:00005382-990000000-00114. [PMID: 37982532 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary imaging modality for the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is echocardiography supplemented by electrocardiography (ECG)-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography. However, we have recently encountered patients with MVP who were initially identified on non-ECG-gated enhanced chest CT. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of non-ECG-gated enhanced chest CT to predict the presence of MVP. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 92 patients (surgically confirmed MVP who underwent non-ECG-gated chest CT), 27 patients were excluded for motion artifact or insufficient surgical correlation, and 65 patients were ultimately included. As a control, 65 patients with dyspnea and without MVP (non-ECG-gated chest CT and echocardiography were performed within 1 month) were randomly selected. We retrospectively analyzed an asymmetric double line sign on axial CT images for the presence of MVP. The asymmetric double line sign was defined as the presence of a linear structure, not located in the plane traversing the mitral annulus. RESULTS Use of the asymmetric double line sign to predict MVP on non-ECG-gated CT showed modest sensitivity, high specificity, modest negative predictive value, and high positive predictive value of 59% (38/65), 99% (64/65), 70% (64/91), and 97% (38/39), respectively. CONCLUSION The asymmetric double line sign on non-ECG-gated enhanced chest CT may be a valuable finding to predict the presence of MVP. Familiarity with this CT finding may lead to prompt diagnosis and proper management of MVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Son
- Department of Radiology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Bundang
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Min Yoo
- Department of Radiology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Bundang
| | - Soo Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Bundang
| | - Charles S White
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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5
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Cardoso R, Choi AD, Shiyovich A, Besser SA, Min JK, Earls J, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Conte E, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Pontone G, Lee SE, Sung JM, Virmani R, Samady H, Lin FY, Stone PH, Berman DS, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Chang HJ, Blankstein R. How early can atherosclerosis be detected by coronary CT angiography? Insights from quantitative CT analysis of serial scans in the PARADIGM trial. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2023; 17:407-412. [PMID: 37798157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-obstructing small coronary plaques may not be well recognized by expert readers during coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) evaluation. Recent developments in atherosclerosis imaging quantitative computed tomography (AI-QCT) enabled by machine learning allow for whole-heart coronary phenotyping of atherosclerosis, but its diagnostic role for detection of small plaques on CCTA is unknown. METHODS We performed AI-QCT in patients who underwent serial CCTA in the multinational PARADIGM study. AI-QCT results were verified by a level III experienced reader, who was blinded to baseline and follow-up status of CCTA. This retrospective analysis aimed to characterize small plaques on baseline CCTA and evaluate their serial changes on follow-up imaging. Small plaques were defined as a total plaque volume <50 mm3. RESULTS A total of 99 patients with 502 small plaques were included. The median total plaque volume was 6.8 mm3 (IQR 3.5-13.9 mm3), most of which was non-calcified (median 6.2 mm3; 2.9-12.3 mm3). The median age at the time of baseline CCTA was 61 years old and 63% were male. The mean interscan period was 3.8 ± 1.6 years. On follow-up CCTA, 437 (87%) plaques were present at the same location as small plaques on baseline CCTA; 72% were larger and 15% decreased in volume. The median total plaque volume and non-calcified plaque volume increased to 18.9 mm3 (IQR 8.3-45.2 mm3) and 13.8 mm3 (IQR 5.7-33.4 mm3), respectively, among plaques that persisted on follow-up CCTA. Small plaques no longer visualized on follow-up CCTA were significantly more likely to be of lower volume, shorter in length, non-calcified, and more distal in the coronary artery, as compared with plaques that persisted at follow-up. CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis from the PARADIGM study, small plaques (<50 mm3) identified by AI-QCT persisted at the same location and were often larger on follow-up CCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhanderson Cardoso
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew D Choi
- Department of Cardiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Arthur Shiyovich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Besser
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniele Andreini
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | | | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude Sao Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Younsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Georgia Heart Institute, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, GA, USA
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- University of Texas Health Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Park HB, Arsanjani R, Sung JM, Heo R, Lee BK, Lin FY, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Conte E, Andreini D, Pontone G, Budoff MJ, Gottlieb I, Chun EJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Marques H, Gonçalves PDA, Leipsic JA, Lee SE, Shin S, Choi JH, Virmani R, Samady H, Chinnaiyan K, Stone PH, Berman DS, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Min JK, Chang HJ. Impact of statins based on high-risk plaque features on coronary plaque progression in mild stenosis lesions: results from the PARADIGM study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:1536-1543. [PMID: 37232393 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the impact of statins on plaque progression according to high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaque (HRP) features and to identify predictive factors for rapid plaque progression in mild coronary artery disease (CAD) using serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed mild stenosis (25-49%) CAD, totaling 1432 lesions from 613 patients (mean age, 62.2 years, 63.9% male) and who underwent serial CCTA at a ≥2 year inter-scan interval using the Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque DetermIned by Computed TomoGraphic Angiography Imaging (NCT02803411) registry. The median inter-scan period was 3.5 ± 1.4 years; plaques were quantitatively assessed for annualized percent atheroma volume (PAV) and compositional plaque volume changes according to HRP features, and the rapid plaque progression was defined by the ≥90th percentile annual PAV. In mild stenotic lesions with ≥2 HRPs, statin therapy showed a 37% reduction in annual PAV (0.97 ± 2.02 vs. 1.55 ± 2.22, P = 0.038) with decreased necrotic core volume and increased dense calcium volume compared to non-statin recipient mild lesions. The key factors for rapid plaque progression were ≥2 HRPs [hazard ratio (HR), 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-3.49; P = 0.042], current smoking (HR, 1.69; 95% CI 1.09-2.57; P = 0.017), and diabetes (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07-2.22; P = 0.020). CONCLUSION In mild CAD, statin treatment reduced plaque progression, particularly in lesions with a higher number of HRP features, which was also a strong predictor of rapid plaque progression. Therefore, aggressive statin therapy might be needed even in mild CAD with higher HRPs. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02803411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Bok Park
- Department of Cardiology, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Reza Arsanjani
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Ji Min Sung
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Ran Heo
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | | | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Monasterio/CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Catolica Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Catolica Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Department of Cardiology, Georgia Heart Institute, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, GA 30501, USA
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James K Min
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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7
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Williams C, Han D, Takagi H, Fordyce CB, Sellers S, Blanke P, Lin FY, Shaw LJ, Lee SE, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Conte E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Maffei E, Pontone G, Shin S, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Sung JM, Virmani R, Samady H, Stone PH, Berman DS, Narula J, Bax JJ, Leipsic JA, Chang HJ. Effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system inhibitors on coronary atherosclerotic plaques: The PARADIGM registry. Atherosclerosis 2023; 383:117301. [PMID: 37769454 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inhibition of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) has been hypothesized to improve endothelial function and reduce plaque inflammation, however, their impact on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. We aim to study the effects of RAAS inhibitor on plaque progression and composition assessed by serial coronary CT angiography (CCTA). METHODS We performed a prospective, multinational study consisting of a registry of patients without history of CAD, who underwent serial CCTAs. Patients using RAAS inhibitors were propensity matched to RAAS inhibitor naïve patients based on clinical and CCTA characteristics at baseline. Atherosclerotic plaques in CCTAs were quantitatively analyzed for percent atheroma volume (PAV) according to plaque composition. Interactions between RAAS inhibitor use and baseline PAV on plaque progression were assessed in the unmatched cohort using a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS Of 1248 patients from the registry, 299 RAAS inhibitor taking patients were matched to 299 RAAS inhibitor naïve patients. Over a mean interval of 3.9 years, there was no significant difference in annual progression of total PAV between RAAS inhibitor naïve vs taking patients (0.75 vs 0.79%/year, p = 0.66). With interaction testing in the unmatched cohort, however, RAAS inhibitor use was significantly associated with lower non-calcified plaque progression (Beta coefficient -0.100, adjusted p = 0.038) with higher levels of baseline PAV. CONCLUSIONS The use of RAAS inhibitors over a period of nearly 4 years did not significantly impact on total atherosclerotic plaque progression or various plaque components. However, interaction testing to assess the differential effect of RAAS inhibition based on baseline PAV suggested a significant decrease in progression of non-calcified plaque in patients with a higher burden of baseline atherosclerosis, which should be considered hypothesis generating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Williams
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donghee Han
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hidenobu Takagi
- Department of Radiology and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher B Fordyce
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Sellers
- Department of Radiology and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea
| | | | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Monasterio/CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Georgia Heart Institute, Gainesville, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Radiology and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea; Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Lee JM, Shin D, Lee SH, Choi KH, Kim SM, Chun EJ, Lee KY, Hwang D, Ahn SG, Brown AJ, Mejía-Rentería H, Lefieux A, Molony D, Chang K, Kakuta T, Escaned J, Samady H. Differential predictability for high-risk plaque characteristics between fractional flow reserve and instantaneous wave-free ratio. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16005. [PMID: 37749337 PMCID: PMC10520044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the differential associations of high-risk plaque characteristics (HRPC) with resting or hyperemic physiologic indexes (instantaneous wave-free ratio [iFR] or fractional flow reserve [FFR]), a total of 214 vessels from 127 patients with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and invasive physiologic assessment were investigated. HPRC were classified into quantitative (minimal luminal area < 4 mm2 or plaque burden ≥ 70%) and qualitative features (low attenuation plaque, positive remodeling, napkin ring sign, or spotty calcification). Vessels with FFR ≤ 0.80 or iFR ≤ 0.89 had significantly higher proportions of HRPC than those with FFR > 0.80 or iFR > 0.89, respectively. FFR was independently associated with both quantitative and qualitative HRPC, but iFR was only associated with quantitative HRPC. Both FFR and iFR were significantly associated with the presence of ≥ 3 HRPC, and FFR demonstrated higher discrimination ability than iFR (AUC 0.703 vs. 0.648, P = 0.045), which was predominantly driven by greater discriminating ability of FFR for quantitative HRPC (AUC 0.832 vs. 0.744, P = 0.005). In conclusion, both FFR and iFR were significantly associated with CCTA-derived HRPC. Compared with iFR, however, FFR was independently associated with the presence of qualitative HRPC and showed a higher predictive ability for the presence of ≥ 3 HRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Myung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doosup Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Mok Kim
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Yong Lee
- Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Adam J Brown
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - David Molony
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Georgia Heart and Vascular Institute, Northeast Georgia Health System, 200 South Enota Drive, Suite 430, Gainesville, GA, 30501, USA
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tsunekazu Kakuta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Habib Samady
- Andreas Gruentzig Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Georgia Heart and Vascular Institute, Northeast Georgia Health System, 200 South Enota Drive, Suite 430, Gainesville, GA, 30501, USA.
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9
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Kang SH, Kim SH, Kim SH, Chun EJ, Chung WY, Yoon CH, Park SD, Nam CW, Kwon KH, Doh JH, Byun YS, Bae JW, Youn TJ, Chae IH. Performance of a Novel CT-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve Measurement to Detect Hemodynamically Significant Coronary Stenosis. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e254. [PMID: 37582501 PMCID: PMC10427209 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractional flow reserve (FFR) based on computed tomography (CT) has been shown to better identify ischemia-causing coronary stenosis. However, this current technology requires high computational power, which inhibits its widespread implementation in clinical practice. This prospective, multicenter study aimed at validating the diagnostic performance of a novel simple CT based fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) calculation method in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS Patients who underwent coronary CT angiography (CCTA) within 90 days and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were prospectively enrolled. A hemodynamically significant lesion was defined as an FFR ≤ 0.80, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was the primary measure. After the planned analysis for the initial algorithm A, we performed another set of exploratory analyses for an improved algorithm B. RESULTS Of 184 patients who agreed to participate in the study, 151 were finally analyzed. Hemodynamically significant lesions were observed in 79 patients (52.3%). The AUC was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.80) for CCTA, 0.65 (95% CI, 0.56-0.74) for CT-FFR algorithm A (P = 0.866), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70-0.86) for algorithm B (P = 0.112). Diagnostic accuracy was 0.63 (0.55-0.71) for CCTA alone, 0.66 (0.58-0.74) for algorithm A, and 0.76 (0.68-0.82) for algorithm B. CONCLUSION This study suggests the feasibility of automated CT-FFR, which can be performed on-site within several hours. However, the diagnostic performance of the current algorithm does not meet the a priori criteria for superiority. Future research is required to improve the accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hyuck Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woo-Young Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Don Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Woman's University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Sup Byun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang-Whan Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - In-Ho Chae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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10
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Lee H, Ahn HJ, Park HE, Han D, Chang HJ, Chun EJ, Han HW, Sung J, Jung HO, Choi SY. The effect of non-optimal lipids on the progression of coronary artery calcification in statin-naïve young adults: results from KOICA registry. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1173289. [PMID: 37534276 PMCID: PMC10392939 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1173289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the importance of attaining optimal lipid levels from a young age to secure long-term cardiovascular health, the detailed impact of non-optimal lipid levels in young adults on coronary artery calcification (CAC) is not fully explored. We sought to investigate the risk of CAC progression as per lipid profiles and to demonstrate lipid optimality in young adults. Methods From the KOrea Initiative on Coronary Artery calcification (KOICA) registry that was established in six large volume healthcare centers in Korea, 2,940 statin-naïve participants aged 20-45 years who underwent serial coronary calcium scans for routine health check-ups between 2002 and 2017 were included. The study outcome was CAC progression, which was assessed by the square root method. The risk of CAC progression was analyzed according to the lipid optimality and each lipid parameter. Results In this retrospective cohort (mean age, 41.3 years; men 82.4%), 477 participants (16.2%) had an optimal lipid profile, defined as triglycerides <150 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl, and HDL cholesterol >60 mg/dl. During follow-up (median, 39.7 months), CAC progression was observed in 434 participants (14.8%), and more frequent in the non-optimal lipid group (16.5% vs. 5.7%; p < 0.001). Non-optimal lipids independently increased the risk of CAC progression [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.97; p = 0.025], in a dose-dependent manner. Even in relatively low-risk participants with an initial calcium score of zero (aHR, 2.13; p = 0.014), in their 20 s or 30 s (aHR 2.15; p = 0.041), and without other risk factors (aHR 1.45; p = 0.038), similar results were demonstrable. High triglycerides had the greatest impact on CAC progression in this young adult population. Conclusion Non-optimal lipid levels were significantly associated with the risk of CAC progression in young adults, even at low-risk. Screening and intervention for non-optimal lipid levels, particularly triglycerides, from an early age might be of clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Han
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Division of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Stroke and Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Park J, Yoon YE, Chun EJ, Choi HM, Hwang IC, Lee HJ, Park JB, Lee SP, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Cho GY. Endocardial versus whole-myocardial tracking global longitudinal strain analysis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A preliminary comparative study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288421. [PMID: 37432934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We investigated whether the feasibility of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) varies according to the methodology (e.g. endocardial vs. whole myocardial tracking techniques). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 111 consecutive patients with HCM (median age, 58 years; male, 68.5%) who underwent both transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (apical 29.7%, septal 33.3%, and diffuse or mixed 37.0%). TTE-whole myocardial and TTE-endocardial GLS were measured and compared in terms of association with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) extent and discrimination performance for extensive LGE (>15% of the LV myocardium). RESULTS Although TTE-whole myocardial and TTE-endocardial GLS were significantly correlated, absolute TTE-endocardial GLS values (19.3 [16.2-21.9] %) were higher than TTE-whole myocardial GLS values (13.3[10.9-15.6] %, p<0.001). Both TTE-derived GLS parameters were significantly correlated with the LGE extent and independently associated with extensive LGE (odds ratio [OR] 1.30, p = 0.022; and OR 1.24, p = 0.013, respectively). Discrimination performance for extensive LGE was comparable between TTE-whole myocardial and TTE-endocardial GLS (area under the curve [AUC], 0.747 and 0.754, respectively, pdifference = 0.610). However, among patients with higher LV mass index (>70 g/m2), only TTE-whole myocardial GLS correlated with LGE extent and was independently associated with extensive LGE (OR 1.35, p = 0.042), while TTE-endocardial GLS did not. Additionally, TTE-whole myocardial GLS had better discrimination performance for extensive LGE than TTE-endocardial GLS (AUC, 0.705 and 0.668, respectively, pdifference = 0.006). CONCLUSION TTE-derived GLS using either the endocardial or whole myocardial tracking technique is feasible in patients with HCM. However, in those with severe hypertrophy, TTE-whole myocardial GLS is better than TTE-endocardial GLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesuck Park
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonyee E Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Mi Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chang Hwang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Bean Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Won KB, Choi SY, Chun EJ, Park SH, Sung J, Jung HO, Chang HJ. Assessment of Normal Systolic Blood Pressure Maintenance with the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification Progression in Asymptomatic Metabolically Healthy Korean Adults with Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obesity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113770. [PMID: 37297965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is known to have a close association with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Despite recent data on the benefit of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control in diverse clinical conditions, little is known regarding the association of normal SBP maintenance (SBPmaintain) with coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression in MHO. This study included 2724 asymptomatic adults (48.8 ± 7.8 years; 77.9% men) who had no metabolic abnormalities except overweight and obesity. Participants with normal weight (44.2%), overweight (31.6%), and obesity (24.2%) were divided into two groups: normal SBPmaintain (follow-up SBP < 120 mm Hg) and ≥elevated SBPmaintain (follow-up SBP ≥ 120 mm Hg). CAC progression was defined using the SQRT method, a difference of ≥2.5 between the square root (√) of the baseline and follow-up coronary artery calcium score. During a mean follow-up of 3.4 years, the proportion of normal SBPmaintain (76.2%, 65.2%, and 59.1%) and the incidence of CAC progression (15.0%, 21.3%, and 23.5%) was different in participants with normal weight, overweight, and obesity (all p < 0.05, respectively). The incidence of CAC progression was lower in the normal SBPmaintain group than in the ≥elevated SBPmaintain group in only participants with obesity (20.8% vs. 27.4%, p = 0.048). In multiple logistic models, compared to participants with normal weight, those with obesity had a higher risk of CAC progression. Normal SBPmaintain was independently associated with the decreased risk of CAC progression in participants with obesity. MHO had a significant association with CAC progression. Normal SBPmaintain reduced the risk of CAC progression in asymptomatic adults with MHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Won
- Division of Cardiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Division of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Division of Radiology, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul 06168, Republic of Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Stroke & Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ki YJ, Chun EJ, Youn TJ. Characteristic Virtual Histology-Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Coronary Artery Disease Patient. Korean Circ J 2023; 53:189-190. [PMID: 36914608 PMCID: PMC10011224 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jeong Ki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Youn
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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14
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Park HB, Lee J, Hong Y, Byungchang S, Kim W, Lee BK, Lin FY, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Conte E, Andreini D, Pontone G, Budoff MJ, Gottlieb I, Chun EJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Marques H, Gonçalves PDA, Leipsic JA, Shin S, Choi JH, Virmani R, Samady H, Chinnaiyan K, Stone PH, Berman DS, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Min JK, Kook W, Chang HJ. Risk factors based vessel-specific prediction for stages of coronary artery disease using Bayesian quantile regression machine learning method: Results from the PARADIGM registry. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:320-327. [PMID: 36691990 PMCID: PMC10018106 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS The recently introduced Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) machine-learning method enables comprehensive analyzing the relationship among complex clinical variables. We analyzed the relationship between multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and different stages of coronary artery disease (CAD) using the BQR model in a vessel-specific manner. METHODS From the data of 1,463 patients obtained from the PARADIGM (NCT02803411) registry, we analyzed the lumen diameter stenosis (DS) of the three vessels: left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx), and right coronary artery (RCA). Two models for predicting DS and DS changes were developed. Baseline CV risk factors, symptoms, and laboratory test results were used as the inputs. The conditional 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% quantile functions of the maximum DS and DS change of the three vessels were estimated using the BQR model. RESULTS The 90th percentiles of the DS of the three vessels and their maximum DS change were 41%-50% and 5.6%-7.3%, respectively. Typical anginal symptoms were associated with the highest quantile (90%) of DS in the LAD; diabetes with higher quantiles (75% and 90%) of DS in the LCx; dyslipidemia with the highest quantile (90%) of DS in the RCA; and shortness of breath showed some association with the LCx and RCA. Interestingly, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a dynamic association along DS change in the per-patient analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the clinical utility of the BQR model for evaluating the comprehensive relationship between risk factors and baseline-grade CAD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Bok Park
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hong
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Byungchang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonse Kim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- MetaEyes, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung K Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | | | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Monasterio/CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Catolica Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro de A Gonçalves
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Catolica Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung H Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Department of Cardiology, Georgia Heart Institute, Northeast Georgia Health System, Georgia, USA
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James K Min
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Woong Kook
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Al WA, Yun ID, Chun EJ. Centerline depth world for left atrial appendage orifice localization using reinforcement learning. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2023; 106:102201. [PMID: 36848765 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2023.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion (LAAO) is a minimally invasive implant-based method to prevent cardiovascular stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Assessing the LAA orifice in preoperative CT angiography plays a crucial role in choosing an appropriate LAAO implant size and a proper C-arm angulation. However, accurate orifice localization is hard because of the high anatomic variation of LAA, and unclear position and orientation of the orifice in available CT views. With the major research focus being on LAA segmentation, the only existing computational method for orifice localization utilized a rule-based decision. Nonetheless, using such a fixed rule may yield high localization error due to the varied anatomy of LAA. While deep learning-based models usually show improvements under such variation, learning an effective localization model is difficult because of the tiny orifice structure compared to the vast search space of CT volume. In this paper, we propose a centerline depth-based reinforcement learning (RL) world for effective orifice localization in a small search space. In our scheme, an RL agent observes the centerline-to-surface distance and navigates through the LAA centerline to localize the orifice. Thus, the search space is significantly reduced facilitating improved localization. The proposed formulation could result in high localization accuracy compared to the expert annotations. Moreover, the localization process takes about 7.3 s which is 18 times more efficient than the existing method. Therefore, this can be a useful aid to physicians during the preprocedural planning of LAAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abdullah Al
- Division of Computer Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Il Dong Yun
- Division of Computer Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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16
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Won KB, Lee BK, Lin FY, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Sung JM, Conte E, Andreini D, Pontone G, Budoff MJ, Gottlieb I, Chun EJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Leipsic JA, Lee SE, Shin S, Choi JH, Virmani R, Samady H, Chinnaiyan K, Berman DS, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Min JK, Chang HJ. Glycemic control is independently associated with rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis in the absence of a baseline coronary plaque burden: a retrospective case-control study from the PARADIGM registry. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:239. [PMID: 36371222 PMCID: PMC9655903 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The baseline coronary plaque burden is the most important factor for rapid plaque progression (RPP) in the coronary artery. However, data on the independent predictors of RPP in the absence of a baseline coronary plaque burden are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the predictors for RPP in patients without coronary plaques on baseline coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images. METHODS A total of 402 patients (mean age: 57.6 ± 10.0 years, 49.3% men) without coronary plaques at baseline who underwent serial coronary CCTA were identified from the Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging (PARADIGM) registry and included in this retrospective study. RPP was defined as an annual change of ≥ 1.0%/year in the percentage atheroma volume (PAV). RESULTS During a median inter-scan period of 3.6 years (interquartile range: 2.7-5.0 years), newly developed coronary plaques and RPP were observed in 35.6% and 4.2% of the patients, respectively. The baseline traditional risk factors, i.e., advanced age (≥ 60 years), male sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and current smoking status, were not significantly associated with the risk of RPP. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the serum hemoglobin A1c level (per 1% increase) measured at follow-up CCTA was independently associated with the annual change in the PAV (β: 0.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.048-0.149; P < 0.001). The multiple logistic regression models showed that the serum hemoglobin A1c level had an independent and positive association with the risk of RPP. The optimal predictive cut-off value of the hemoglobin A1c level for RPP was 7.05% (sensitivity: 80.0%, specificity: 86.7%; area under curve: 0.816 [95% CI: 0.574-0.999]; P = 0.017). CONCLUSION In this retrospective case-control study, the glycemic control status was strongly associated with the risk of RPP in patients without a baseline coronary plaque burden. This suggests that regular monitoring of the glycemic control status might be helpful for preventing the rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis irrespective of the baseline risk factors. Further randomized investigations are necessary to confirm the results of our study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02803411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Won
- grid.470090.a0000 0004 1792 3864Department of Cardiology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Cardiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fay Y. Lin
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- grid.472754.70000 0001 0695 783XDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Edoardo Conte
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant Ambrogio IRCCS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | | | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Monasterio/CNR, Pisa/Massa, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- grid.414429.e0000 0001 0163 5700UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- grid.414429.e0000 0001 0163 5700UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal ,grid.10772.330000000121511713Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathon A. Leipsic
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Seoul Korea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Seoul Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- grid.412588.20000 0000 8611 7824Department of Cardiology, Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- grid.417701.40000 0004 0465 0326Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | - Habib Samady
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- grid.417118.a0000 0004 0435 1924Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI USA
| | - Daniel S. Berman
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Leslee J. Shaw
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James K. Min
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Ahn HJ, Lee H, Park HE, Han D, Chang HJ, Chun EJ, Han HW, Sung J, Jung HO, Choi SY. Changes in metabolic syndrome burden and risk of coronary artery calcification progression in statin-naïve young adults. Atherosclerosis 2022; 360:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Sohn M, Chun EJ, Lim S. Cilostazol treatment for preventing adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary atherosclerosis: Long-term follow-up of the ESCAPE study. J Diabetes 2022; 14:524-531. [PMID: 35932165 PMCID: PMC9426278 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, in the ESCAPE study, a randomized controlled trial, we found that 12 months of cilostazol administration significantly decreased coronary artery stenosis and the noncalcified plaque component compared with aspirin. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effect of cilostazol treatment on cardiovascular events up to 7 years after the end of the original study. METHODS After the end of the ESCAPE study with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mild to moderate coronary artery stenosis, we decided to extend the ESCAPE study to investigate the long-term effect of cilostazol and aspirin, named the ESCAPE-extension study. The study participants had been investigated for cardiovascular events for up to 7 years, bringing the total follow-up time to a median of 5.2 years (interquartile range 3.6-6.7 years). Adverse events were also investigated. RESULTS Among 100 participants from the original study, 88 were included in this extension study. Cilostazol treatment reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events in the patients with T2DM when compared with aspirin for a 5.2-year median follow-up (hazard ratio 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.83). The cardiovascular benefit of cilostazol therapy was maintained along with age, sex, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and coronary artery calcium score. No serious adverse events in the cilostazol group were noted in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS In this ESCAPE-extension study, cilostazol treatment proved its efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events compared with aspirin in diabetic patients with subclinical coronary artery disease, suggesting the beneficial role of cilostazol in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Sohn
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of RadiologySeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamRepublic of Korea
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19
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Won K, Park H, Heo R, Lee BK, Lin FY, Hadamitzky M, Kim Y, Sung JM, Conte E, Andreini D, Pontone G, Budoff MJ, Gottlieb I, Chun EJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Marques H, Gonçalves PDA, Leipsic JA, Lee S, Shin S, Choi JH, Virmani R, Samady H, Chinnaiyan K, Berman DS, Narula J, Bax JJ, Min JK, Chang H. Longitudinal quantitative assessment of coronary atherosclerosis related to normal systolic blood pressure maintenance in the absence of established cardiovascular disease. Clin Cardiol 2022; 45:873-881. [PMID: 35673995 PMCID: PMC9346967 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis-related adverse events are commonly observed even in conditions with low cardiovascular (CV) risk. Longitudinal data regarding the association of normal systolic blood pressure maintenance (SBPmaintain ) with coronary plaque volume changes (PVC) has been limited in adults without traditional CV disease. HYPOTHESIS Normal SBPmaintain is important to attenuate coronary atherosclerosis progression in adults without baseline CV disease. METHODS We analyzed 95 adults (56.7 ± 8.5 years; 40.0% men) without baseline CV disease who underwent serial coronary computed tomographic angiography with mean 3.5 years of follow-up. All participants were divided into two groups of normal SBPmaintain (follow-up SBP < 120 mm Hg) and ≥elevated SBPmaintain (follow-up SBP ≥ 120 mm Hg). Annualized PVC was defined as PVC divided by the interscan period. RESULTS Compared to participants with normal SBPmaintain , those with ≥elevated SBPmaintain had higher annualized total PVC (mm3 /year) (0.0 [0.0-2.2] vs. 4.1 [0.0-13.0]; p < .001). Baseline total plaque volume (β = .10) and the levels of SBPmaintain (β = .23) and follow-up high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -0.28) were associated with annualized total PVC (all p < .05). The optimal cutoff of SBPmaintain for predicting plaque progression was 118.5 mm Hg (sensitivity: 78.2%, specificity: 62.5%; area under curve: 0.700; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.81; p < .05). SBPmaintain ≥ 118.5 mm Hg (odds ratio [OR]: 4.03; 95% CI: 1.51-10.75) and baseline total plaque volume (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06) independently influenced coronary plaque progression (all p < .05). CONCLUSION Normal SBPmaintain is substantial to attenuate coronary atherosclerosis progression in conditions without established CV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki‐Bum Won
- Department of Cardiology, Dongguk University Ilsan HospitalDongguk University College of MedicineGoyangSouth Korea,Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea,Yonsei‐Cedars‐Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyung‐Bok Park
- Yonsei‐Cedars‐Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea,Department of CardiologyCatholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's HospitalIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Ran Heo
- Yonsei‐Cedars‐Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Cardiology, Hanyang University Seoul HospitalHanyang University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Fay Y. Lin
- Department of RadiologyNew York‐Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineGerman Heart Center MunichMunichGermany
| | - Yong‐Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular CenterSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea,Yonsei‐Cedars‐Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of MedicineLundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of RadiologyCasa de Saude São JoseRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSungnamSouth Korea
| | | | - Erica Maffei
- Department of RadiologyArea Vasta 1/ASUR MarcheUrbinoItaly
| | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da LuzLisboaPortugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da LuzLisboaPortugal,Nova Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
| | - Jonathon A. Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and RadiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sang‐Eun Lee
- Yonsei‐Cedars‐Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea,Department of CardiologyEwha Womans University Seoul HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Yonsei‐Cedars‐Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea,Department of CardiologyEwha Womans University Seoul HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of CardiologyPusan University HospitalBusanSouth Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of PathologyCVPath InstituteGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Habib Samady
- Department of CardiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Daniel S. Berman
- Department of Imaging and MedicineCedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie‐Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- Department of CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - James K. Min
- Department of RadiologyNew York‐Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hyuk‐Jae Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea,Yonsei‐Cedars‐Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea
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20
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Won KB, Lee BK, Heo R, Park HB, Lin FY, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Sung JM, Conte E, Andreini D, Pontone G, Budoff MJ, Gottlieb I, Chun EJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Leipsic JA, Lee SE, Shin S, Choi JH, Virmani R, Samady H, Chinnaiyan K, Berman DS, Narula J, Bax JJ, Min JK, Chang HJ. Longitudinal Quantitative Assessment of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden Related to Serum Hemoglobin Levels. JACC: Asia 2022; 2:311-319. [PMID: 36338409 PMCID: PMC9627907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite a potential role of hemoglobin in atherosclerosis, data on coronary plaque volume changes (PVC) related to serum hemoglobin levels are limited. Objectives The authors sought to evaluate coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden changes related to serum hemoglobin levels using serial coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). Methods A total of 830 subjects (age 61 ± 10 years, 51.9% male) who underwent serial CCTA were analyzed. The median interscan period was 3.2 (IQR: 2.5-4.4) years. Quantitative assessment of coronary plaques was performed at both scans. All participants were stratified into 4 groups based on the quartile of baseline hemoglobin levels. Annualized total PVC (mm3/year) was defined as total PVC divided by the interscan period. Results Baseline total plaque volume (mm3) was not different among all groups (group I [lowest]: 34.1 [IQR: 0.0-127.4] vs group II: 28.8 [IQR: 0.0-123.0] vs group III: 49.9 [IQR: 5.6-135.0] vs group IV [highest]: 34.3 [IQR: 0.0-130.7]; P = 0.235). During follow-up, serum hemoglobin level changes (Δ hemoglobin; per 1 g/dL) was related to annualized total PVC (β = −0.114) in overall participants (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, traditional risk factors, baseline hemoglobin and creatinine levels, baseline total plaque volume, and the use of aspirin, beta-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and statin, Δ hemoglobin significantly affected annualized total PVC in only the composite of groups I and II (β = −2.401; P = 0.004). Conclusions Serial CCTA findings suggest that Δ hemoglobin has an independent effect on coronary atherosclerosis. This effect might be influenced by baseline hemoglobin levels. (Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging [PARADIGM]; NCT02803411)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Won
- Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Address for correspondence: Dr Byoung Kwon Lee, Department of Cardiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06237, South Korea.
| | - Ran Heo
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Bok Park
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Fay Y. Lin
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | | | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathon A. Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Department of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel S. Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - James K. Min
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Hollenberg EJ, Lin F, Blaha MJ, Budoff MJ, van den Hoogen IJ, Gianni U, Lu Y, Bax AM, van Rosendael AR, Tantawy SW, Andreini D, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Conte E, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Hadamitzky M, Maffei E, Pontone G, Shin S, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Sung JM, Gimelli A, Lee SE, Bax JJ, Berman DS, Sellers SL, Leipsic JA, Blankstein R, Narula J, Chang HJ, Shaw LJ. Relationship Between Coronary Artery Calcium and Atherosclerosis Progression Among Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:1063-1074. [PMID: 35680215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among symptomatic patients, it remains unclear whether a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score alone is sufficient or misses a sizeable burden and progressive risk associated with obstructive and nonobstructive atherosclerotic plaque. OBJECTIVES Among patients with low to high CAC scores, our aims were to quantify co-occurring obstructive and nonobstructive noncalcified plaque and serial progression of atherosclerotic plaque volume. METHODS A total of 698 symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent serial coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) performed 3.5 to 4.0 years apart. Atherosclerotic plaque was quantified, including by compositional subgroups. Obstructive CAD was defined as ≥50% stenosis. Multivariate linear regression models were used to measure atherosclerotic plaque progression by CAC scores. Cox proportional hazard models estimated CAD event risk (median of 10.7 years of follow-up). RESULTS Across baseline CAC scores from 0 to ≥400, total plaque volume ranged from 30.4 to 522.4 mm3 (P < 0.001) and the prevalence of obstructive CAD increased from 1.4% to 49.1% (P < 0.001). Of those with a 0 CAC score, 97.9% of total plaque was noncalcified. Among patients with baseline CAC <100, nonobstructive CAD was prevalent (40% and 89% in CAC scores of 0 and 1-99), with plaque largely being noncalcified. On the follow-up coronary CTA, volumetric plaque growth (P < 0.001) and the development of new or worsening stenosis (P < 0.001) occurred more among patients with baseline CAC ≥100. Progression varied compositionally by baseline CAC scores. Patients with no CAC had disproportionate growth in noncalcified plaque, and for every 1 mm3 increase in calcified plaque, there was a 5.5 mm3 increase in noncalcified plaque volume. By comparison, patients with CAC scores of ≥400 exhibited disproportionate growth in calcified plaque with a volumetric increase 15.7-fold that of noncalcified plaque. There was a graded increase in CAD event risk by the CAC with rates from 3.3% for no CAC to 21.9% for CAC ≥400 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CAC imperfectly characterizes atherosclerotic disease burden, but its subgroups exhibit pathogenic patterns of early to advanced disease progression and stratify long-term prognostic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Hollenberg
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fay Lin
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Inge J van den Hoogen
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Umberto Gianni
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - A Maxim Bax
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander R van Rosendael
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara W Tantawy
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul South Korea
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Department of Imaging, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie L Sellers
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul South Korea
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, New York, USA.
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22
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Lee SE, Sung JM, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Conte E, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Pontone G, Shin S, Kitslaar PH, Reiber JH, Stone PH, Samady H, Virmani R, Narula J, Berman DS, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Lin FY, Min JK, Chang HJ. Association Between Changes in Perivascular Adipose Tissue Density and Plaque Progression. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:1760-1767. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Lee H, Park HE, Chun EJ, Chang HJ, Sung J, Jung HO, Choi SY. The impact of nonoptimal lipids on the progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic young adults: results from the KOICA registry. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac056.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Recently, as cumulative exposure of lipids for a lifetime has become important to prevent and predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), it is recommended to obtain the optimal lipid levels from a young age. However, questions remain regarding the vascular changes in young adulthood by nonoptimal lipid levels.
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) according to lipid profiles in Korean young adults.
Methods
From the KOrea Initiative on Coronary Artery calcification registry, we collected 2,940 statin-naïve adults under 45-year-old, undergoing serial coronary artery calcium scans for the purpose of routine health check-ups between 2002 and 2017. CAC progression was assessed according to the optimality of lipid levels and each lipid variable.
Results
In this cohort (mean age, 41.3 years; man 82.4%), only 477 subjects (16.2%) had the optimal lipid profile, defined as triglycerides <150 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl, and HDL cholesterol ≥45 mg/dl. During follow-up (median 39.7 months), CAC progression was observed in 438 participants (14.8%) and more frequent in nonoptimal lipid group (16.5% vs 5.9%; p<0.001). Nonoptimal lipid levels during young adulthood increased the risk of CAC progression after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors (adjusted HR, 2.36; p=0.001), with a stepwise risk increase according to lipid levels. In particular, in the subjects with an initial calcium score of zero (adjusted HR, 2.13; p=0.014), those in their 20s or 30s (adjusted HR 2.70; p=0.029), and those without any other risk factors (adjusted HR 2.51; p=0.025), deemed as very low-risk groups, nonoptimal lipid levels more than doubled the risk of CAC progression, respectively. Among lipid variables, high triglycerides appeared to provide the greatest impact on CAC progression of young adults.
Conclusions
The proportion of young adults with optimal lipid levels was lower than expected. Nonoptimal lipid level was significantly associated with the risk of CAC progression in young adults, even with low-risk. Triglycerides had the strongest association with the risk of CAC progression. Screening and intervention for nonoptimal lipid levels, particularly triglycerides, from an early age might be of clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HE Park
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - EJ Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Division of Radiology, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HJ Chang
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Sung
- Samsung Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HO Jung
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - SY Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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24
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Takagi H, Leipsic JA, Indraratna P, Gulsin G, Khasanova E, Tzimas G, Lin FY, Shaw LJ, Lee SE, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Conte E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Maffei E, Pontone G, Shin S, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Sung JM, Virmani R, Samady H, Stone PH, Berman DS, Narula J, Bax JJ, Chang HJ. Association of Tube Voltage With Plaque Composition on Coronary CT Angiography: Results From PARADIGM Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:2429-2440. [PMID: 34419398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the impact of low tube voltage scanning heterogeneity of coronary luminal attenuation on plaque quantification and characterization with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). BACKGROUND The impact of low tube voltage and coronary luminal attenuation on quantitative coronary plaque remains uncertain. METHODS A total of 1,236 consecutive patients (age: 60 ± 9 years; 41% female) who underwent serial CCTA at an interval of ≥2 years were included from an international registry. Patients with prior revascularization or nonanalyzable coronary CTAs were excluded. Total coronary plaque volume was assessed and subclassified based on specific Hounsfield unit (HU) threshold: necrotic core, fibrofatty plaque, and fibrous plaque and dense calcium. Luminal attenuation was measured in the aorta. RESULTS With increasing luminal HU (<350, 350-500, and >500 HU), percent calcified plaque was increased (16%, 27%, and 40% in the median; P < 0.001), and fibrofatty plaque (26%, 13%, and 4%; P < 0.001) and necrotic core (1.6%, 0.3%, and 0.0%; P < 0.001) were decreased. Higher tube voltage scanning (80, 100, and 120 kV) resulted in decreasing luminal attenuation (689 ± 135, 497 ± 89, and 391 ± 73 HU; P < 0.001) and calcified plaque volume (59%, 34%, and 23%; P < 0.001) and increased fibrofatty plaque (3%, 9%, and 18%; P < 0.001) and necrotic core (0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.6%; P < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that the impact of 100 kV on plaque composition, compared with 120 kV, was primarily caused by an indirect effect through blood pool attenuation. Tube voltage scanning of 80 kV maintained a direct effect on fibrofatty plaque and necrotic core in addition to an indirect effect through the luminal attenuation. CONCLUSIONS Low tube voltage usage affected plaque morphology, mainly through an increase in luminal HU with a resultant increase in calcified plaque and a reduction in fibrofatty and necrotic core. These findings should be considered as CCTA-based plaque measures are being used to guide medical management and, in particular, when being used as a measure of treatment response. (Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging [PARADIGM]; NCT02803411).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Takagi
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Praveen Indraratna
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gaurav Gulsin
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elina Khasanova
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georgios Tzimas
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere (IRCCS) Milan, Italy
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, USA
| | | | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Edoardo Conte
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere (IRCCS) Milan, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere (IRCCS) Milan, Italy
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea; Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea; Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Chun EJ, Kim JK, Yang SY, Kim SS, Kim CW. Development of a nucleic acid-based lateral flow assay to diagnose ordinary scabies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e282-e285. [PMID: 34758167 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Chun
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S S Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C W Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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van Rosendael AR, van den Hoogen IJ, Gianni U, Ma X, Tantawy SW, Bax AM, Lu Y, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Conte E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Pontone G, Shin S, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Sung JM, Lee SE, Virmani R, Samady H, Sato Y, Stone PH, Berman DS, Narula J, Blankstein R, Min JK, Lin FY, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Chang HJ. Association of Statin Treatment With Progression of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:1257-1266. [PMID: 34406326 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Importance The density of atherosclerotic plaque forms the basis for categorizing calcified and noncalcified morphology of plaques. Objective To assess whether alterations in plaque across a range of density measurements provide a more detailed understanding of atherosclerotic disease progression. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study enrolled 857 patients who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography 2 or more years apart and had quantitative measurements of coronary plaques throughout the entire coronary artery tree. The study was conducted from 2013 to 2016 at 13 sites in 7 countries. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was progression of plaque composition of individual coronary plaques. Six plaque composition types were defined on a voxel-level basis according to the plaque attenuation (expressed in Hounsfield units [HU]): low attenuation (-30 to 75 HU), fibro-fatty (76-130 HU), fibrous (131-350 HU), low-density calcium (351-700 HU), high-density calcium (701-1000 HU), and 1K (>1000 HU). The progression rates of these 6 compositional plaque types were evaluated according to the interaction between statin use and baseline plaque volume, adjusted for risk factors and time interval between scans. Plaque progression was also examined based on baseline calcium density. Analysis was performed among lesions matched at baseline and follow-up. Data analyses were conducted from August 2019 through March 2020. Results In total, 2458 coronary lesions in 857 patients (mean [SD] age, 62.1 [8.7] years; 540 [63.0%] men; 548 [63.9%] received statin therapy) were included. Untreated coronary lesions increased in volume over time for all 6 compositional types. Statin therapy was associated with volume decreases in low-attenuation plaque (β, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01; P = .001) and fibro-fatty plaque (β, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.02; P < .001) and greater progression of high-density calcium plaque (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.03; P < .001) and 1K plaque (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.03; P < .001). When analyses were restricted to lesions without low-attenuation plaque or fibro-fatty plaque at baseline, statin therapy was not associated with a change in overall calcified plaque volume (β, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.02; P = .24) but was associated with a transformation toward more dense calcium. Interaction analysis between baseline plaque volume and calcium density showed that more dense coronary calcium was associated with less plaque progression. Conclusions and Relevance The results suggest an association of statin use with greater rates of transformation of coronary atherosclerosis toward high-density calcium. A pattern of slower overall plaque progression was observed with increasing density. All findings support the concept of reduced atherosclerotic risk with increased densification of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R van Rosendael
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inge J van den Hoogen
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Umberto Gianni
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Xiaoyue Ma
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - Sara W Tantawy
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - A Maxim Bax
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | | | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California
| | | | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | | | - Edoardo Conte
- Cardiovascular Imaging Center, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, New York
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Heart Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Ontact Health Inc, Seoul, South Korea
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Ben Zekry S, Sreedharan S, Han D, Sellers S, Ahmadi AA, Blanke P, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Conte E, Andreini D, Pontone G, Budoff MJ, Gottlieb I, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Marques H, Shin S, Choi JH, Virmani R, Samady H, Stone PH, Berman DS, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Leipsic J, Chang HJ. Comparison of coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression in East Asians and Caucasians by serial coronary computed tomographic angiography: A PARADIGM substudy. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021; 16:222-229. [PMID: 34736879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate potential differences in plaque progression (PP) between in East Asians and Caucasians as well as to determine clinical predictors of PP in East Asians. BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated differences in cardiovascular risk factors as well as plaque burden and progression across different ethnic groups. METHODS The study comprised 955 East Asians (age 60.4 ± 9.3 years, 50.9% males) and 279 Caucasians (age 60.4 ± 8.6 years, 74.5% males) who underwent two serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) studies over a period of at least 24 months. Patients were enrolled and analyzed from the PARADIGM (Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque DetermIned by Computed TomoGraphic Angiography IMaging) registry. After propensity-score matching, plaque composition and progression were compared between East Asian and Caucasian patients. Within East Asians, the plaque progression group (defined as plaque volume at follow-up CCTA minus plaque volume at baseline CCTA> 0) was compared to the no PP group to determine clinical predictors for PP in East Asians. RESULTS In the matched cohort, baseline volumes of total plaque as well as all plaque subtypes were comparable. There was a trend towards increased annualized plaque progression among East Asians compared to Caucasians (18.3 ± 24.7 mm3/year vs 16.6 mm3/year, p = 0.054). Among East Asians, 736 (77%) had PP. East Asians with PP had more clinical risk factors and higher plaque burden at baseline (normalized total plaque volume of144.9 ± 233.3 mm3 vs 36.6 ± 84.2 mm3 for PP and no PP, respectively, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline normalized plaque volume (OR: 1.10, CI: 1.10-1.30, p < 0.001), age (OR: 1.02, CI: 1.00-1.04, p = 0.023) and body mass index (OR: 2.24, CI: 1.01-1.13, p = 0.024) were all predictors of PP in East Asians. Clinical events, driven mainly by percutaneous coronary intervention, were higher among the PP group with a total of 124 (16.8%) events compared to 22 (10.0%) in the no PP group (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION East Asians and Caucasians had comparable plaque composition and progression. Among East Asians, the PP group had a higher baseline plaque burden which was associated with greater PP and increased clinical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagit Ben Zekry
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Subhashaan Sreedharan
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donghee Han
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Sellers
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amir A Ahmadi
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea
| | | | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sanghoon Shin
- National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, South Korea
| | | | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim C, Lee G, Oh H, Jeong G, Kim SW, Chun EJ, Kim YH, Lee JG, Yang DH. A deep learning-based automatic analysis of cardiovascular borders on chest radiographs of valvular heart disease: development/external validation. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:1558-1569. [PMID: 34647180 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular border (CB) analysis is the primary method for detecting and quantifying the severity of cardiovascular disease using posterior-anterior chest radiographs (CXRs). This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning-based automatic CXR CB analysis algorithm (CB_auto) for diagnosing and quantitatively evaluating valvular heart disease (VHD). METHODS We developed CB_auto using 816 normal and 798 VHD CXRs. For validation, 640 normal and 542 VHD CXRs from three different hospitals and 132 CXRs from a public dataset were assigned. The reliability of the CB parameters determined by CB_auto was evaluated. To evaluate the differences between parameters determined by CB_auto and manual CB drawing (CB_hand), the absolute percentage measurement error (APE) was calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between CB_hand and echocardiographic measurements. RESULTS CB parameters determined by CB_auto yielded excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.98). The 95% limits of agreement for the cardiothoracic ratio were 0.00 ± 0.04% without systemic bias. The differences between parameters determined by CB_auto and CB_hand as defined by the APE were < 10% for all parameters except for carinal angle and left atrial appendage. In the public dataset, all CB parameters were successfully drawn in 124 of 132 CXRs (93.9%). All CB parameters were significantly greater in VHD than in normal controls (all p < 0.05). All CB parameters showed significant correlations (p < 0.05) with echocardiographic measurements. CONCLUSIONS The CB_auto system empowered by deep learning algorithm provided highly reliable CB measurements that could be useful not only in daily clinical practice but also for research purposes. KEY POINTS • A deep learning-based automatic CB analysis algorithm for diagnosing and quantitatively evaluating VHD using posterior-anterior chest radiographs was developed and validated. • Our algorithm (CB_auto) yielded comparable reliability to manual CB drawing (CB_hand) in terms of various CB measurement variables, as confirmed by external validation with datasets from three different hospitals and a public dataset. • All CB parameters were significantly different between VHD and normal control measurements, and echocardiographic measurements were significantly correlated with CB parameters measured from normal control and VHD CXRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Gaeun Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongmin Oh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Cardiac Imaging Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyujun Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Won Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Hak Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Goo Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Cardiac Imaging Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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29
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Yang S, Choi G, Zhang J, Lee JM, Hwang D, Doh JH, Nam CW, Shin ES, Cho YS, Choi SY, Chun EJ, Nørgaard BL, Nieman K, Otake H, Penicka M, Bruyne BD, Kubo T, Akasaka T, Taylor CA, Koo BK. Association Among Local Hemodynamic Parameters Derived From CT Angiography and Their Comparable Implications in Development of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:713835. [PMID: 34589527 PMCID: PMC8475759 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.713835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Association among local hemodynamic parameters and their implications in development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have not been fully investigated. Methods: A total of 216 lesions in ACS patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) before 1–24 months from ACS event were analyzed. High-risk plaque on CCTA was defined as a plaque with ≥2 of low-attenuation plaque, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, and napkin-ring sign. With the use of computational fluid dynamics analysis, fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived from CCTA (FFRCT) and local hemodynamic parameters including wall shear stress (WSS), axial plaque stress (APS), pressure gradient (PG) across the lesion, and delta FFRCT across the lesion (ΔFFRCT) were obtained. The association among local hemodynamics and their discrimination ability for culprit lesions from non-culprit lesions were compared. Results: A total of 66 culprit lesions for later ACS and 150 non-culprit lesions were identified. WSS, APS, PG, and ΔFFRCT were strongly correlated with each other (all p < 0.001). This association was persistent in all lesion subtypes according to a vessel, lesion location, anatomical severity, high-risk plaque, or FFRCT ≤ 0.80. In discrimination of culprit lesions causing ACS from non-culprit lesions, WSS, PG, APS, and ΔFFRCT were independent predictors after adjustment for lesion characteristics, high-risk plaque, and FFRCT ≤ 0.80; and all local hemodynamic parameters significantly improved the predictive value for culprit lesions of high-risk plaque and FFRCT ≤ 0.80 (all p < 0.05). The risk prediction model for culprit lesions with FFRCT ≤ 0.80, high-risk plaque, and ΔFFRCT had a similar or superior discrimination ability to that with FFRCT ≤ 0.80, high-risk plaque, and WSS, APS, or PG; and the addition of WSS, APS, or PG into ΔFFRCT did not improve the model performance. Conclusions: Local hemodynamic indices were significantly intercorrelated, and all indices similarly provided additive and independent predictive values for ACS risk over high-risk plaque and impaired FFRCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gilwoo Choi
- HeartFlow Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joo Myung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doyeon Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- Department of Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Department of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Cardiovascular Center, Sejong General Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Bjarne L Nørgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Koen Nieman
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hiromasa Otake
- Division of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Charles A Taylor
- HeartFlow Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Chun EJ, Kim JK, Yang SY, Kim SS, Kim CW. Changes in the incidence of contagious infectious skin diseases after the COVID-19 outbreak. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e3-e4. [PMID: 34487408 PMCID: PMC8657312 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Chun
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S S Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C W Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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van den Hoogen IJ, van Rosendael AR, Lin FY, Gianni U, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Hyun Choi J, Conte E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Leipsic J, Maffei E, Pontone G, Shin S, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Sung JM, Lee SE, Berman DS, Virmani R, Samady H, Stone PH, Narula J, Chang HJ, Min JK, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ. Measurement of compensatory arterial remodelling over time with serial coronary computed tomography angiography and 3D metrics. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:1336-1344. [PMID: 34468717 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The magnitude of alterations in which coronary arteries remodel and narrow over time is not well understood. We aimed to examine changes in coronary arterial remodelling and luminal narrowing by three-dimensional (3D) metrics from serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS AND RESULTS From a multicentre registry of patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent clinically indicated serial CCTA (median interscan interval = 3.3 years), we quantitatively measured coronary plaque, vessel, and lumen volumes on both scans. Primary outcome was the per-segment change in coronary vessel and lumen volume from a change in plaque volume, focusing on arterial remodelling. Multivariate generalized estimating equations including statins were calculated comparing associations between groups of baseline percent atheroma volume (PAV) and location within the coronary artery tree. From 1245 patients (mean age 61 ± 9 years, 39% women), a total of 5721 segments were analysed. For each 1.00 mm3 increase in plaque volume, the vessel volume increased by 0.71 mm3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 0.79 mm3, P < 0.001] with a corresponding reduction in lumen volume by 0.29 mm3 (95% CI -0.37 to -0.21 mm3, P < 0.001). Serial 3D arterial remodelling and luminal narrowing was similar in segments with low and high baseline PAV (P ≥ 0.496). No differences were observed between left main and non-left main segments, proximal and distal segments and side branch and non-side branch segments (P ≥ 0.281). CONCLUSIONS Over time, atherosclerotic coronary plaque reveals prominent outward arterial remodelling that co-occurs with modest luminal narrowing. These findings provide additional insight into the compensatory mechanisms involved in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge J van den Hoogen
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander R van Rosendael
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Umberto Gianni
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Ontact Health, Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James K Min
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yoon YE, Baskaran L, Lee BC, Pandey MK, Goebel B, Lee SE, Sung JM, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Conte E, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Pontone G, Shin S, Narula J, Bax JJ, Lin FYH, Shaw L, Chang HJ. Differential progression of coronary atherosclerosis according to plaque composition: a cluster analysis of PARADIGM registry data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17121. [PMID: 34429500 PMCID: PMC8385056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific phenotyping of coronary atherosclerosis would facilitate personalized risk assessment and preventive treatment. We explored whether unsupervised cluster analysis can categorize patients with coronary atherosclerosis according to their plaque composition, and determined how these differing plaque composition profiles impact plaque progression. Patients with coronary atherosclerotic plaque (n = 947; median age, 62 years; 59% male) were enrolled from a prospective multi-national registry of consecutive patients who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography (median inter-scan duration, 3.3 years). K-means clustering applied to the percent volume of each plaque component and identified 4 clusters of patients with distinct plaque composition. Cluster 1 (n = 52), which comprised mainly fibro-fatty plaque with a significant necrotic core (median, 55.7% and 16.0% of the total plaque volume, respectively), showed the least total plaque volume (PV) progression (+ 23.3 mm3), with necrotic core and fibro-fatty PV regression (− 5.7 mm3 and − 5.6 mm3, respectively). Cluster 2 (n = 219), which contained largely fibro-fatty (39.2%) and fibrous plaque (46.8%), showed fibro-fatty PV regression (− 2.4 mm3). Cluster 3 (n = 376), which comprised mostly fibrous (62.7%) and calcified plaque (23.6%), showed increasingly prominent calcified PV progression (+ 21.4 mm3). Cluster 4 (n = 300), which comprised mostly calcified plaque (58.7%), demonstrated the greatest total PV increase (+ 50.7mm3), predominantly increasing in calcified PV (+ 35.9 mm3). Multivariable analysis showed higher risk for plaque progression in Clusters 3 and 4, and higher risk for adverse cardiac events in Clusters 2, 3, and 4 compared to that in Cluster 1. Unsupervised clustering algorithms may uniquely characterize patient phenotypes with varied atherosclerotic plaque profiles, yielding distinct patterns of progressive disease and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonyee E Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. .,Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea.
| | - Lohendran Baskaran
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C Lee
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Goebel
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eun Ju Chun
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale (ASUR) Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, UNICA, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, UNICA, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fay Yu-Huei Lin
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslee Shaw
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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Bax AM, van Rosendael AR, Ma X, van den Hoogen IJ, Gianni U, Tantawy SW, Hollenberg EJ, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Conte E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Pontone G, Shin S, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Sung JM, Lee SE, Virmani R, Samady H, Stone PH, Berman DS, Min JK, Narula J, Lin FY, Chang HJ, Shaw LJ. Comparative differences in the atherosclerotic disease burden between the epicardial coronary arteries: quantitative plaque analysis on coronary computed tomography angiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:322-330. [PMID: 33215192 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Anatomic series commonly report the extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), regardless of location. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in atherosclerotic plaque burden and composition across the major epicardial coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1271 patients (age 60 ± 9 years; 57% men) with suspected CAD prospectively underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Atherosclerotic plaque volume was quantified with categorization by composition (necrotic core, fibrofatty, fibrous, and calcified) based on Hounsfield Unit density. Per-vessel measures were compared using generalized estimating equation models. On CCTA, total plaque volume was lowest in the LCx (10.0 ± 29.4 mm3), followed by the RCA (32.8 ± 82.7 mm3; P < 0.001), and LAD (58.6 ± 83.3 mm3; P < 0.001), even when correcting for vessel length or volume. The prevalence of ≥2 high-risk plaque features, such as positive remodelling or spotty calcification, occurred less in the LCx (3.8%) when compared with the LAD (21.4%) or RCA (10.9%, P < 0.001). In the LCx, the most stenotic lesion was categorized as largely calcified more often than in the RCA and LAD (55.3% vs. 39.4% vs. 32.7%; P < 0.001). Median diameter stenosis was also lowest in the LCx (16.2%) and highest in the LAD (21.3%; P < 0.001) and located more distal along the LCx when compared with the RCA and LAD (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Atherosclerotic plaque, irrespective of vessel volume, varied across the epicardial coronary arteries; with a significantly lower burden and different compositions in the LCx when compared with the LAD and RCA. These volumetric and compositional findings support a diverse milieu for atherosclerotic plaque development and may contribute to a varied acute coronary risk between the major epicardial coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maxim Bax
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander R van Rosendael
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyue Ma
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inge J van den Hoogen
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Umberto Gianni
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara W Tantawy
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma J Hollenberg
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Department of Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Filippo Cademartiri
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Department of Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- Department of Radiology,UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- Department of Radiology,UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Cardiology, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Won KB, Han D, Choi SY, Chun EJ, Park SH, Han HW, Sung J, Jung HO, Chang HJ. Association between blood pressure classification defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines and coronary artery calcification progression in an asymptomatic adult population. Eur Heart J Open 2021; 1:oeab009. [PMID: 35919095 PMCID: PMC9242050 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) is widely used for cardiovascular risk stratification in asymptomatic population. We assessed the association of new blood pressure (BP) classification using the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines with coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression according to age in asymptomatic adults. Methods and results Overall, 10 839 asymptomatic Korean adults (23.4% aged ≤45 years) who underwent at least two CACS evaluations for health check-up were enrolled. Participants were categorized by age (≤45 and >45 years) and BP [normal (<120/<80 mmHg, untreated), elevated (120-129/<80 mmHg, untreated), Stage 1 hypertension (untreated BP 130-139/80-89 mmHg) or Stage 2 hypertension (BP ≥140/≥90 mmHg or anti-hypertensive use)] groups. CAC progression was defined as a difference of ≥2.5 between the square root (√) of the baseline and follow-up CACS. During a mean 3.3-year follow-up, the incidence of CAC progression was 13.5% and 36.3% in individuals aged ≤45 and >45 years, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity, current smoking, and baseline CACS, hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for CAC progression in elevated BP, Stage 1 hypertension, and Stage 2 hypertension compared to normal BP were 1.43 (0.96-2.14) (P = 0.077), 1.64 (1.20-2.23) (P = 0.002), and 2.38 (1.82-3.12) (P < 0.001) in the ≤45 years group and 1.11 (0.95-1.30) (P = 0.179), 1.17 (1.04-1.32) (P = 0.009), and 1.52 (1.39-1.66) (P < 0.001) in the >45 years group, respectively. Conclusion Newly defined Stage 1 hypertension is independently associated with CAC progression in asymptomatic adults regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Won
- Division of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Donghee Han
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Division of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Division of Radiology, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Stroke & Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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35
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Song Y, Lee HS, Baik SJ, Jeon S, Han D, Choi SY, Chun EJ, Han HW, Park SH, Sung J, Jung HO, Lee JW, Chang HJ. Comparison of the effectiveness of Martin's equation, Friedewald's equation, and a Novel equation in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13545. [PMID: 34188076 PMCID: PMC8241859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main target in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We aimed to validate and compare a new LDL-C estimation equation with other well-known equations. 177,111 samples were analysed from two contemporary population-based cohorts comprising asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent medical examinations. Performances of the Friedewald (FLDL), Martin (MLDL), and Sampson (SLDL) equations in estimating direct LDL-C by homogenous assay were assessed by measures of concordance (R2, RMSE, and mean absolute difference). Analyses were performed according to various triglyceride (TG) and/or LDL-C strata. Secondary analyses were conducted within dyslipidaemia populations of each database. MLDL was superior or at least similar to other equations regardless of TG/LDL-C, in both the general and dyslipidaemia populations (RMSE = 11.45/9.20 mg/dL; R2 = 0.88/0.91; vs FLDL: RMSE = 13.66/10.42 mg/dL; R2 = 0.82/0.89; vs SLDL: RMSE = 12.36/9.39 mg/dL; R2 = 0.85/0.91, per Gangnam Severance Hospital Check-up/Korea Initiatives on Coronary Artery Calcification data). MLDL had a slight advantage over SLDL with the lowest MADs across the full spectrum of TG levels, whether divided into severe hyper/non-hyper to moderate hypertriglyceridaemia samples or stratified by 100-mg/dL TG intervals, even up to TG values of 500-600 mg/dL. MLDL may be a readily adoptable and cost-effective alternative to direct LDL-C measurement, irrespective of dyslipidaemia status. In populations with relatively high prevalence of mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia, Martin's equation may be optimal for LDL-C and ASCVD risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhyun Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Su Jung Baik
- Healthcare Research Team, Health Promotion Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eunju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea
| | - Donghee Han
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Heart Stroke & Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Baek W, Lee JW, Lee HS, Han D, Choi SY, Chun EJ, Han HW, Park SH, Sung J, Jung HO, Lee H, Chang HJ. Concurrent smoking and alcohol consumers had higher triglyceride glucose indices than either only smokers or alcohol consumers: a cross-sectional study in Korea. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:49. [PMID: 33975592 PMCID: PMC8111749 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a noninsulin-based marker for insulin resistance (IR) in general practice. Although smoking and heavy drinking have been regarded as major risk factors for various chronic diseases, there is limited evidence regarding the combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on IR. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and smoking and alcohol consumption using two Korean population-based datasets. METHODS This study included 10,568 adults in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and 9586 adults in the Korean Initiatives on Coronary Artery Calcification (KOICA) registry datasets. Multivariate logistic analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption and the TyG index. To assess the predictive value of smoking and alcohol consumption on high TyG index, the area under the curve (AUC) were compared and net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analyses were derived. RESULTS The combined effect of smoking and alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor of a higher TyG index in the KNHANES (adjusted odds ratio: 4.33, P < .001) and KOICA (adjusted odds ratio: 1.94, P < .001) datasets. Adding smoking and alcohol consumption to the multivariate logistic models improved the model performance for the TyG index in the KNHANES (AUC: from 0.817 to 0.829, P < .001; NRI: 0.040, P < .001; IDI: 0.017, P < .001) and KOICA (AUC: from 0.822 to 0.826, P < .001; NRI: 0.025, P = .006; IDI: 0.005, P < .001) datasets. CONCLUSIONS Smoking and alcohol consumption were independently associated with the TyG index. Concurrent smokers and alcohol consumers were more likely to have a TyG index that was ≥8.8 and higher than the TyG indices of non-users and those who exclusively consumed alcohol or smoking tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhee Baek
- Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nursing, Kyungnam University College of Health Sciences, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Han
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Heart Stroke and Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SE, Sung JM, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Conte E, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Pontone G, Shin S, Stone PH, Samady H, Virmani R, Narula J, Berman DS, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Lin FY, Min JK, Chang HJ. Association between Aortic Valve Calcification Progression and Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Volume Progression in the PARADIGM Registry. Radiology 2021; 300:79-86. [PMID: 33973837 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021202630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is a key feature of aortic stenosis, and patients with aortic stenosis often have coronary -artery disease. Therefore, proving the association between the progression of AVC and coronary atherosclerosis could improve follow-up and treatment strategies. Purpose To explore the association between the progression of AVC and the progression of total and plaque volume composition from a large multicenter registry of serial coronary CT angiographic examinations. Materials and Methods A prospective multinational registry (PARADIGM) of consecutive participants who underwent serial coronary CT angiography at intervals of every 2 years or more was performed (January 2003-December 2015). AVC and the total and plaque volume composition at baseline and follow-up angiography were quantitatively analyzed. Plaque volumes were normalized by using the mean total analyzed vessel length of the study population. Multivariable linear mixed-effects models were constructed. Results Overall, 594 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 62 years ± 10; 330 men) were included (mean interval between baseline and follow-up angiography, 3.9 years ± 1.5). At baseline, the AVC score was 31 Agatston units ± 117, and the normalized total plaque volume at baseline was 122 mm3 ± 219. After adjustment for age, sex, clinical risk factors, and medication use, AVC was independently associated with total plaque volume (standardized β = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.32; P < .001) and both calcified (β = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.34; P < .001) and noncalcified (β = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.25; P < .001) plaque volumes at baseline. The progression of AVC was associated with the progression of total plaque volume (β = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.22; P = .01), driven solely by calcified plaque volume (β = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.34; P < .001) but not noncalcified plaque volumes (β = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.14, 0.03; P = .17). Conclusion The overall burden of coronary atherosclerosis was associated with aortic valve calcification at baseline. However, the progression of aortic valve calcification was associated with only the progression of calcified plaque volume but not with the -progression of noncalcified plaque volume. Clinical trial registration no. NCT02803411 © RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Sinitsyn in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Lee
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Ji Min Sung
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Daniele Andreini
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Filippo Cademartiri
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Edoardo Conte
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Erica Maffei
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Hugo Marques
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Peter H Stone
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Habib Samady
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Jagat Narula
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Daniel S Berman
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Fay Y Lin
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - James K Min
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L.); Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.E.L., J.M.S., H.J.C.); Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea (J.M.S., S.S., H.J.C.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.A., E.C., G.P.); Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex (M.H.A.); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B.); Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, SDN IRCCS, Naples, Italy (F.C.); Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.C.); Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C.); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C.); Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (Y.J.K.); Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.L.); Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy (E.M.); UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., P.d.A.G.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (P.H.S.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (H.S.); Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Md (R.V.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.N.); Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (D.S.B.); Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., J.K.M.); Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (J.J.B.)
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38
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Won KB, Park EJ, Chun EJ, Sung J, Jung HO, Chang HJ. Association of blood pressure classification using the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines with the progression of coronary artery calcification. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Aims
The recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines reinforced the criteria for diagnosis of hypertension. We assessed the association of this reinforced criteria with coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression in asymptomatic adults according to different age groups.
Methods and results
We included 10,839 asymptomatic Korean adults (23.4% aged ≤45 years) who underwent at least two coronary artery calcium score (CACS) evaluations between 2012 and 2016. All participants were categorised into normal blood pressure (BP) (untreated systolic/diastolic <120/<80 mmHg), elevated BP (untreated systolic/diastolic 120–129/<80 mmHg), stage 1 hypertension (untreated systolic/diastolic BP 130–139/80–89 mmHg), or stage 2 hypertension (systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/≥90 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication) groups. CAC progression was defined as a difference ≥2.5 between the square roots (√) of the baseline and follow-up CACSs (Δ√transformed CACS). During a mean 3.3-year follow-up, the incidence of CAC progression was 13.5% and 36.3% in groups with ≤45 and >45 years, respectively. After multivariable adjustment for sex, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity, current smoking, and baseline CACS, hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for CAC progression versus normal BP in elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension were 1.39 (0.93–2.07)(P = 0.107), 1.59 (1.17–2.17)(P = 0.003), and 2.38 (1.82–3.12)(P <0.001) in the ≤45 years group and 1.13 (0.97–1.32)(P = 0.111), 1.20 (1.06–1.34)(P = 0.003), and 1.72 (1.57–1.87)(P <0.001) in the >45 years group.
Conclusion
Newly defined stage 1 hypertension is independently associated with CAC progression in asymptomatic Korean adults irrespective of different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- KB Won
- Ulsan University Hospital, Cardiology, Ulsan, Korea (Republic of)
| | - EJ Park
- Ulsan University Hospital, Medical information Center, Ulsan, Korea (Republic of)
| | - EJ Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Sung
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HO Jung
- The Catholic University of Korea, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HJ Chang
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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39
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Yoon YE, Baskaran L, Lee BC, Pandey MK, Goebel B, Lee SE, Andreini D, Budoff M, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Edoardo C, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Leipsic J, Maffei E, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Pontone G, Shin S, Narula J, Bax J, Lin F, Shaw L, Chang HJ. DIFFERENTIAL PROGRESSION OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS ACCORDING TO PLAQUE COMPOSITION: CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF THE PARADIGM REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)02632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Bax M, Yoon YE, Lee SE, Sung JM, Andreini D, Budoff M, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Conte E, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Leipsic J, Maffei E, De Araujo Goncalves P, Pontone G, Shin S, Narula J, Bax J, Lin F, Shaw L, Chang HJ. DIFFERENTIAL PLAQUE CHARACTER AND PROGRESSION ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE: PROXIMAL VERSUS OTHER LESIONS EVALUATED ON SERIAL CCTA. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)02681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Lee W, Yoon YE, Cho SY, Hwang IC, Kim SH, Lee H, Park HE, Chun EJ, Kim HK, Choi SY, Park SH, Han HW, Sung J, Jung HO, Cho GY, Chang HJ. Sex differences in coronary artery calcium progression: The Korea Initiatives on Coronary Artery Calcification (KOICA) registry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248884. [PMID: 33830992 PMCID: PMC8031433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with increasing awareness of sex-related differences in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), it remains unclear whether the progression of coronary atherosclerosis differs between women and men. We sought to compare coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression between women and men. From a retrospective, multicentre registry of consecutive asymptomatic individuals who underwent CAC scoring, we identified 9,675 men and 1,709 women with follow-up CAC scoring. At baseline, men were more likely to have a CAC score >0 than were women (47.8% vs. 28.6%). The probability of CAC progression at 5 years, defined as [√CAC score (follow-up)-√CAC score (baseline)] ≥2.5, was 47.4% in men and 29.7% in women (p<0.001). When we stratified subjects according to the 10-year ASCVD risk (<5%, ≥5% and <7.5%, and ≥7.5%), a sex difference was observed in the low risk group (CAC progression at 5 years, 37.6% versus 17.9%; p<0.001). However, it became weaker as the 10-year ASCVD risk increased (64.2% versus 46.2%; p<0.001, and 74.8% versus 68.7%; p = 0.090). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that male sex was independently associated with CAC progression rate among the entire group (p<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed an independent association between male sex and CAC progression rate only in the low-risk group. The CAC progression rate is higher in men than in women. However, the difference between women and men diminishes as the 10-year ASCVD risk increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yeonyee E. Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Sang-Young Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - In-Chang Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Heesun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Division of Radiology, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Heart, Stroke & Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea
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42
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Won KB, Heo R, Park HB, Lee BK, Lin FY, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Sung JM, Conte E, Andreini D, Pontone G, Budoff MJ, Gottlieb I, Chun EJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Leipsic JA, Lee SE, Shin S, Choi JH, Virmani R, Samady H, Chinnaiyan K, Berman DS, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Min JK, Chang HJ. Atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis beyond traditional risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2021; 324:46-51. [PMID: 33813155 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been suggested as a marker of plasma atherogenicity. This study aimed to assess the association between AIP and the rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis using serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS A total of 1488 adults (60.9 ± 9.2 years, 58.9% male) who underwent serial CCTA with a median inter-scan period of 3.4 years were included. AIP was defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the concentrations of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Rapid plaque progression (RPP) was defined as the change of percentage atheroma volume (PAV) ≥1.0%/year. All participants were divided into three groups based on AIP tertiles. RESULTS Baseline total PAV (median [interquartile range (IQR)]) (%) (group I [lowest]: 1.91 [0.00, 6.21] vs. group II: 2.82 [0.27, 8.83] vs. group III [highest]: 2.70 [0.41, 7.50]), the annual change of total PAV (median [IQR]) (%/year) (group I: 0.27 [0.00, 0.81] vs. group II: 0.37 [0.04, 1.11] vs. group III: 0.45 [0.06, 1.25]), and the incidence of RPP (group I: 19.7% vs. group II: 27.3% vs. group III: 31.4%) were significantly different among AIP tertiles (all p < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk of RPP was increased in group III (odds ratio: 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-2.26; p = 0.042) compared to group I after adjusting for clinical factors and baseline total PAV. CONCLUSIONS Based on serial CCTA findings, AIP is an independent predictive marker for RPP beyond traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Won
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ran Heo
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Bok Park
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | | | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Department of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, And Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - James K Min
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.
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43
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Huang AL, Leipsic JA, Zekry SB, Sellers S, Ahmadi AA, Blanke P, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Conte E, Andreini D, Pontone G, Budoff MJ, Gottlieb I, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Marques H, Shin S, Choi JH, Virmani R, Samady H, Stone PH, Berman DS, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Chang HJ. Effects of chronic kidney disease and declining renal function on coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression: a PARADIGM substudy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:1072-1082. [PMID: 33709096 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the change in atherosclerotic plaque volume in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and declining renal function, using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 891 participants with analysable serial CCTA and available glomerular filtration rate (GFR, derived using Cockcroft-Gault formulae) at baseline (CCTA 1) and follow-up (CCTA 2) were included. CKD was defined as GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Declining renal function was defined as ≥10% drop in GFR from the baseline. Quantitative assessment of plaque volume and composition were performed on both scans. There were 203 participants with CKD and 688 without CKD. CKD was associated with higher baseline total plaque volume, but similar plaque progression, measured by crude (57.5 ± 3.4 vs. 65.9 ± 7.7 mm3/year, P = 0.28) or annualized (17.3 ± 1.0 vs. 19.9 ± 2.0 mm3/year, P = 0.25) change in total plaque volume. There were 709 participants with stable GFR and 182 with declining GFR. Declining renal function was independently associated with plaque progression, with higher crude (54.1 ± 3.2 vs. 80.2 ± 9.0 mm3/year, P < 0.01) or annualized (16.4 ± 0.9 vs. 23.9 ± 2.6 mm3/year, P < 0.01) increase in total plaque volume. In CKD, plaque progression was driven by calcified plaques whereas in patients with declining renal function, it was driven by non-calcified plaques. CONCLUSION Decline in renal function was associated with more rapid plaque progression, whereas the presence of CKD was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex L Huang
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St.,Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sagit Ben Zekry
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Sellers
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St.,Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Amir A Ahmadi
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St.,Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Blanke
- Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Department of Radiology and Cardiology, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Department of Radiology and Cardiology, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Radiology and Cardiology, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea
| | | | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Marques
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Cardiology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Busan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Son MJ, Yoo SM, Lee D, Lee HY, Song IS, Chun EJ, White CS. Current Role of Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020266. [PMID: 33572267 PMCID: PMC7914414 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an overview regarding the role of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of acute chest pain (ACP) in the emergency department (ED), focusing on characteristic CT findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Son
- Department of Radiology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Bundang 13497, Korea;
| | - Seung Min Yoo
- Department of Radiology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Bundang 13497, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-3-780-5423
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Military Service in Korean Army, Hongcheon 25117, Korea;
| | | | - In Sup Song
- Department of Radiology, Chun Ju Jesus General Hospital, Chun Ju 54987, Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Charles S White
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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Hwang D, Kim HJ, Lee SP, Lim S, Koo BK, Kim YJ, Kook W, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Conte E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Leipsic JA, Maffei E, Pontone G, Raff GL, Shin S, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Sung JM, Lee SE, Berman DS, Lin FY, Virmani R, Samady H, Stone PH, Narula J, Bax JJ, Shaw LJ, Min JK, Chang HJ. Topological Data Analysis of Coronary Plaques Demonstrates the Natural History of Coronary Atherosclerosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:1410-1421. [PMID: 33454260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify distinct patient groups and their association with outcome based on the patient similarity network using quantitative coronary plaque characteristics from coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). BACKGROUND Coronary CTA can noninvasively assess coronary plaques quantitatively. METHODS Patients who underwent 2 coronary CTAs at a minimum of 24 months' interval were analyzed (n = 1,264). A similarity Mapper network of patients was built by topological data analysis (TDA) based on the whole-heart quantitative coronary plaque analysis on coronary CTA to identify distinct patient groups and their association with outcome. RESULTS Three distinct patient groups were identified by TDA, and the patient similarity network by TDA showed a closed loop, demonstrating a continuous trend of coronary plaque progression. Group A had the least coronary plaque amount (median 12.4 mm3 [interquartile range (IQR): 0.0 to 39.6 mm3]) in the entire coronary tree. Group B had a moderate coronary plaque amount (31.7 mm3 [IQR: 0.0 to 127.4 mm3]) with relative enrichment of fibrofatty and necrotic core (32.6% [IQR: 16.7% to 46.2%] and 2.7% [IQR: 0.1% to 6.9%] of the total plaque, respectively) components. Group C had the largest coronary plaque amount (187.0 mm3 [IQR: 96.7 to 306.4 mm3]) and was enriched for dense calcium component (46.8% [IQR: 32.0% to 63.7%] of the total plaque). At follow-up, total plaque volume, fibrous, and dense calcium volumes increased in all groups, but the proportion of fibrofatty component decreased in groups B and C, whereas the necrotic core portion decreased in only group B (all p < 0.05). Group B showed a higher acute coronary syndrome incidence than other groups (0.3% vs. 2.6% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.009) but both group B and C had a higher revascularization incidence than group A (3.1% vs. 15.5% vs. 17.8%; p < 0.001). Incorporating group information from TDA demonstrated increase of model fitness for predicting acute coronary syndrome or revascularization compared with that incorporating clinical risk factors, percentage diameter stenosis, and high-risk plaque features. CONCLUSIONS The TDA of quantitative whole-heart coronary plaque characteristics on coronary CTA identified distinct patient groups with different plaque dynamics and clinical outcomes. (Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque DetermIned by Computed TomoGraphic Angiography Imaging [PARADIGM]; NCT02803411).
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haneol J Kim
- Department of Mathematical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seonhee Lim
- Department of Mathematical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong Kook
- Department of Mathematical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Department of Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, USA
| | | | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Department of Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- Department of Radiology, UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- Department of Radiology, UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gilbert L Raff
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - James K Min
- Department of Radiology, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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van Rosendael AR, Lin FY, van den Hoogen IJ, Ma X, Gianni U, Al Hussein Alawamlh O, Al'Aref SJ, Peña JM, Andreini D, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Conte E, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Leipsic J, Maffei E, Pontone G, Raff GL, Shin S, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Chun EJ, Sung JM, Lee SE, Han D, Berman DS, Virmani R, Samady H, Stone P, Narula J, Bax JJ, Shaw LJ, Min JK, Chang HJ. Progression of whole-heart Atherosclerosis by coronary CT and major adverse cardiovascular events. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021; 15:322-330. [PMID: 33451974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to examine the independent prognostic value of whole-heart atherosclerosis progression by serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS The multi-center PARADIGM study includes patients undergoing serial CCTA for symptomatic reasons, ≥2 years apart. Whole-heart atherosclerosis was characterized on a segmental level, with co-registration of baseline and follow-up CCTA, and summed to per-patient level. The independent prognostic significance of atherosclerosis progression for MACE (non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI], death, unplanned coronary revascularization) was examined. Patients experiencing interval MACE were not omitted. RESULTS The study population comprised 1166 patients (age 60.5 ± 9.5 years, 54.7% male) who experienced 139 MACE events during 8.2 (IQR 6.2, 9.5) years of follow up (15 death, 5 non-fatal MI, 119 unplanned revascularizations). Whole-heart percent atheroma volume (PAV) increased from 2.32% at baseline to 4.04% at follow-up. Adjusted for baseline PAV, the annualized increase in PAV was independently associated with MACE: OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.08, 1.39) per 1 standard deviation increase, which was consistent in multiple subpopulations. When categorized by composition, only non-calcified plaque progression associated independently with MACE, while calcified plaque did not. Restricting to patients without events before follow-up CCTA, those with future MACE showed an annualized increase in PAV of 0.93% (IQR 0.34, 1.96) vs 0.32% (IQR 0.02, 0.90), P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Whole-heart atherosclerosis progression examined by serial CCTA is independently associated with MACE, with a prognostic threshold of 1.0% increase in PAV per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R van Rosendael
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Inge J van den Hoogen
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyue Ma
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Umberto Gianni
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Omar Al Hussein Alawamlh
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Subhi J Al'Aref
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jessica M Peña
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1/ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Gilbert L Raff
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, South Korea
| | - Donghee Han
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - James K Min
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
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Yoon SH, Kim E, Jeon Y, Yi SY, Bae HJ, Jang IK, Lee JM, Yoo SM, White CS, Chun EJ. Prognostic Value of Coronary CT Angiography for Predicting Poor Cardiac Outcome in Stroke Patients without Known Cardiac Disease or Chest Pain: The Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease in Stroke Patients Study. Korean J Radiol 2020; 21:1055-1064. [PMID: 32691541 PMCID: PMC7371620 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the incremental prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in comparison to a clinical risk model (Framingham risk score, FRS) and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) for future cardiac events in ischemic stroke patients without chest pain. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 1418 patients with acute stroke who had no previous cardiac disease and underwent CCTA, including CACS. Stenosis degree and plaque types (high-risk, non-calcified, mixed, or calcified plaques) were assessed as CCTA variables. High-risk plaque was defined when at least two of the following characteristics were observed: low-density plaque, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, or napkin-ring sign. We compared the incremental prognostic value of CCTA for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) over CACS and FRS. Results The prevalence of any plaque and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (stenosis ≥ 50%) were 70.7% and 30.2%, respectively. During the median follow-up period of 48 months, 108 patients (7.6%) experienced MACE. Increasing FRS, CACS, and stenosis degree were positively associated with MACE (all p < 0.05). Patients with high-risk plaque type showed the highest incidence of MACE, followed by non-calcified, mixed, and calcified plaque, respectively (log-rank p < 0.001). Among the prediction models for MACE, adding stenosis degree to FRS showed better discrimination and risk reclassification compared to FRS or the FRS + CACS model (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, incorporating plaque type in the prediction model significantly improved reclassification (integrated discrimination improvement, 0.08; p = 0.023) and showed the highest discrimination index (C-statistics, 0.85). However, the addition of CACS on CCTA with FRS did not add to the prediction ability for MACE (p > 0.05). Conclusion Assessment of stenosis degree and plaque type using CCTA provided additional prognostic value over CACS and FRS to risk stratify stroke patients without prior history of CAD better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongho Jeon
- Department of Applied Statistics, College of Business and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Yi
- Department of Applied Statistics, College of Business and Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ik Kyung Jang
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joo Myung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Min Yoo
- Department of Radiology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Charles S White
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Won KB, Han D, Lee JH, Choi SY, Chun EJ, Park SH, Han HW, Sung J, Jung HO, Chang HJ. Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery calcification progression beyond traditional risk factors according to baseline coronary artery calcium score. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21324. [PMID: 33288827 PMCID: PMC7721801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), which has been suggested as a novel marker for atherosclerosis, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression according to the baseline coronary artery calcium score (CACS). We included 12,326 asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent at least two CAC evaluations from December 2012 to August 2016. Participants were stratified into four groups according to AIP quartiles, which were determined by the log of (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Baseline CACSs were divided into three groups: 0, 1 − 100, and > 100. CAC progression was defined as a difference ≥ 2.5 between the square roots (√) of the baseline and follow-up CACSs (Δ√transformed CACS). Annualized Δ√transformed CACS was defined as Δ√transformed CACS divided by the inter-scan period. During a mean 3.3-year follow-up period, the overall incidence of CAC progression was 30.6%. The incidences of CAC progression and annualized Δ√transformed CACS were markedly elevated with increasing AIP quartile in participants with baseline CACSs of 0 and 1 − 100, but not in those with a baseline CACS > 100. The AIP level was associated with the annualized Δ√transformed CACS in participants with baseline CACSs of 0 (β = 0.016; P < 0.001) and 1 − 100 (β = 0.035; P < 0.001), but not in those with baseline CACS > 100 (β = 0.032; P = 0.385). After adjusting for traditional risk factors, the AIP was significantly associated with CAC progression in those with baseline CACS ≤ 100. The AIP has value for predicting CAC progression in asymptomatic adults without heavy baseline CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Won
- Division of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea.,Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Donghee Han
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Myongji Hospital, Ilsan, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Division of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung Hak Park
- Division of Radiology, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Stroke and Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Lee DH, Chun EJ, Moon JH, Yun HM, Lim S. Effect of cilostazol on carotid plaque volume measured by three-dimensional ultrasonography in patients with type 2 diabetes: The FANCY study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:2257-2266. [PMID: 32700396 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a prospective randomized study to evaluate cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, and compare it with aspirin for the prevention of the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients with T2D and carotid atherosclerotic plaques were randomly assigned to either a 200 mg/d cilostazol (CTZ) group or a 100 mg/d aspirin (ASA) group for 6 months. The primary endpoint was change in plaque volume measured by carotid three-dimensional ultrasonography. The secondary endpoints were changes in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and endothelial function, assessed by laser Doppler. RESULTS Twenty-four patients in the CTZ group and 23 in the ASA group were included in the final analysis. The mean ± SD age of male (n = 20) and female (n = 16) patients was 62.2 and 59.1 years, respectively. The total plaque volume was slightly decreased in the CTZ group (from 183.8 ± 52.5 to 181.5 ± 54.0 mm3 ; P = .567), but significantly increased in the ASA group (from 112.9 ± 21.2 to 128.5 ± 23.3 mm3 ; P = .043). A significant regression in the maximum IMT was observed only in the CTZ group (right: from 2.19 ± 0.17 to 1.96 ± 0.12 mm; left: from 2.02 ± 0.20 to 1.72 ± 0.19 mm). The CTZ group exhibited an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decrease in triglycerides and liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Cilostazol treatment for 6 months significantly attenuated the progression of carotid plaque compared with aspirin in patients with T2D (NCT03248401).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Han Mi Yun
- Physiologic Diagnostic Laboratory, Vascular Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Son MJ, Chun EJ, Yoo SM, Lee HY, Song IS, White CS. High prevalence of a linear valve-like structure on CT at the pulmonary artery terminus of patent ductus arteriosus in adult patients, mimicking endarteritis. Surg Radiol Anat 2020; 43:317-321. [PMID: 33219826 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A linear valve-like structure at the pulmonary artery terminus is identified on CT in some patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and can potentially be mistaken for endarteritis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in CT features between adult patients with PDA and a linear structure and those without. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated ECG-gated cardiac CT of 38 patients with PDA dividing them into two groups [patients with linear symmetrical valve-like structure (group1, n = 16), and those without (group 2, n = 22)]. We analyzed CT findings of the PDA including length, minimal and maximal diameter, presence of calcification, and PDA type, comparing the two subgroups. The authors also investigated the prevalence of endarteritis. RESULTS There was no difference in CT findings between the two groups in the prevalence of calcification and length, and minimal and maximal diameter of PDA. Notably the linear valve-like structure was only identified in type 1 PDA (cone-shaped PDA) (p = 0.04), while there were variable types of PDA in group 2. There was only one case of endarteritis as a complication of PDA in group 1. In contrast to a linear valve-like structure, asymmetrical nodular thickening was noted in the patient with endarteritis on CT overlying the pre-existing linear valve-like structure at the pulmonary end of PDA. CONCLUSION A linear valve-like structure is frequently identified at the pulmonary end in type 1 PDA. This CT finding should not be mistaken for endarteritis in the absence of other clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Son
- Department of Radiology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Yatopro 59, Bundang, 13496, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, Korea
| | - Seung Min Yoo
- Department of Radiology, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Yatopro 59, Bundang, 13496, Korea.
| | | | - In Sup Song
- Department of Radiology, Chun Ju Jesus Hospital, Chun Ju, Korea
| | - Charles S White
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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