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Nagata Y, Watanabe T, Nagasaka K, Yamada M, Murai M, Takeuchi S, Murase M, Yazaki T, Murase T, Komatsu K, Kaizuka M, Sano M, Asano K, Ando C, Taniuchi N. Total dosage of gardenia fruit used by patients with mesenteric phlebosclerosis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:207. [PMID: 27402114 PMCID: PMC4940942 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric phlebosclerosis (MP) is a disease characterized by fibrotic change or calcification of the mesenteric vein. Recently, there has been an increase in case reports of MP related to herbal medicine usage. Long-term intake of gardenia fruit (GF) is suspected as a possible cause. However, many GF users do not develop this disease and the association between GF and MP remains unclear. In this study, we investigated for the first time the dosage of GF used by patients with and without MP. METHODS We used a medical chart review study design to assess the association between GF and MP. We reviewed patients with a history of intake of herbal medicines containing GF. Among these patients, we selected patients who were examined by colonoscopy and abdominal plain computed tomography (CT). We investigated the findings of colonoscopy, CT scan and histological examination. We assessed the total dosages of GF alongside the duration of ambulatory visit, the administration period of herbal medicine containing GF and pre-existing disease in order to compare MP cases and non-MP patients. RESULTS Ten MP cases and 42 non-MP patients were analyzed. We summarized clinical findings of MP cases. All MP cases used more GF than non-MP patients and were administered more than approximately 5,000 grams of GF in cumulative dosage. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that excessive intake of GF contributes to and/or accelerates the development of MP suggesting that long-term usage of GF in excessive amounts increases the risk of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nagata
- Department of Oriental Traditional Medical Center, Suwa Central Hospital, 4300 Tamagawa, Chino, Nagano, 391-8503, Japan.
- River Side Clinic, Chino, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Watanabe
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine and Rheumatology, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nagasaka
- Department of Oriental Traditional Medical Center, Suwa Central Hospital, 4300 Tamagawa, Chino, Nagano, 391-8503, Japan
- River Side Clinic, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamada
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Murai
- Hokudaimae Clinic, Hokkaido Kampo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Shinsapporo Keiaikai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sunao Takeuchi
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mai Murase
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yazaki
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murase
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Komatsu
- Department of Surgery, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Machiko Kaizuka
- Department of Surgery, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mika Sano
- Department of Radiology, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koji Asano
- Department of Pathology, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Norihide Taniuchi
- Department of Internal medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
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