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Beinvogl B, Palmer N, Kohane I, Nurko S. Healthcare spending and utilization for pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a commercially insured population. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14147. [PMID: 33818857 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is common and can be associated with disabling gastrointestinal symptoms. Comprehensive data regarding utilization and cost of pediatric IBS are lacking. Our aim was to determine the annual all-cause spending and healthcare utilization in pediatric IBS. METHODS Cross-sectional cohort study using a national claims database of commercially insured individuals. 932,592 members, age 8-18 years, were included. Members were selected based on PheWas codes and continuous enrollment in 2014. Linear and binomial regression models were used to calculate healthcare spending and compare comorbidities between IBS subjects and controls. KEY RESULTS 1215 members with claims for IBS (68.4% female) and 931,377 controls (55.7% female) were included. Mean age was 15.03 ± 2.83 (median 16) years in the IBS group and 13.14 ± 3.12 (median 13) years in controls. Mental health and chronic pain comorbidities were more prevalent in the IBS cohort. Healthcare spending: The mean annual all-cause incremental spending of members with IBS was $6,364.60 compared to controls when adjusting for age and gender. Healthcare utilization: Members with IBS had increased healthcare utilization including higher rates of inpatient, outpatient, and emergency room visits, and higher rates of health service utilization including medical care, radiology/laboratory services, surgery, anesthesia, mental health, and physical therapy. General pediatrics was more frequently consulted by controls. All subspecialty consultations, with the exception of dental medicine and endocrinology, were sought more frequently by IBS patients. CONCLUSION Patients with IBS incur significant annual spending through increased healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Beinvogl
- Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaac Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Nurko
- Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Livitz M, Friesen AS, Glynn EF, Schurman JV, Colombo JM, Friesen CA. Healthcare System-to-System Cost Variability in the Care of Pediatric Abdominal Pain-Associated Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:985. [PMID: 34828700 PMCID: PMC8622335 DOI: 10.3390/children8110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess cost variability in the care of abdominal pain-associated functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGIDS) in youth across health systems, races, and specific AP-FGID diagnoses. Patients, aged 8-17 years, with a priority 1 diagnosis corresponding to a Rome IV defined AP-FGID were identified within the Health Facts® database. Total costs were obtained across the continuum of care including outpatient clinics, emergency department, and inpatient or observation units. Cost variability was described comparing different health systems, races, and diagnoses. Thirteen thousand two hundred and fourteen patients were identified accounting for 17,287 encounters. Total costs were available for 38.7% of the encounters. There was considerable variability in costs within and, especially, across health systems. Costs also varied across race, urban vs. rural site of care, and AP-FGID diagnoses. In conclusion, there was considerable variability in the costs for care of AP-FGIDs which is sufficient to support multi-site studies to understand the value of specific tests and treatments. Significant differences in costs by race merit further investigation to understand key drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Livitz
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Ave., Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;
| | - Alec S. Friesen
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Earl F. Glynn
- Children’s Mercy Research Institute, 2401 Gillham Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Jennifer V. Schurman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (J.V.S.); (J.M.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas-City, 2411 Holmes Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Colombo
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (J.V.S.); (J.M.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas-City, 2411 Holmes Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Craig A. Friesen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (J.V.S.); (J.M.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas-City, 2411 Holmes Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Thomaz de Almeida CN, Tahan S, Areco KN, Morais MBD. Association between abuse and neglect with functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:1146-1151. [PMID: 34469265 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1923059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between violence exposure, abuse, and neglect victimization with functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents. METHODS Observational cross-sectional case-control study conducted with adolescents from two public schools in the municipality of Osasco, metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire validated for Brazilian Portuguese Child Abuse Screening Tools - Children's version (ICAST-C) was used to screen the different types of violence. The definition of functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome was performed using the Rome IV criteria for adolescents. Parents or legal guardians completed the questionnaire for socioeconomic assessment and signed the informed consent form. RESULTS 265 students aged 11-17 years, 157 females, were evaluated. Functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome were found in 74 (27.9%) of the 265 adolescents. Violence exposure was found in 82.6% of the 265 screened adolescents, physical abuse in 91.3%, psychological abuse in 93.2%, sexual abuse in 12.1%, and neglect in 53.6%. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed an association (p < .05) between functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with violence exposure (OR = 2.77), physical abuse (OR = 2.17), psychological abuse (OR = 2.95), and neglect (OR= 2.31). There was no association with sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS Functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome were associated with violence exposure, physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect in adolescent students from public schools. No association was found with sexual abuse. Further studies are necessary to investigate the causal relationship between violence and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nunes Thomaz de Almeida
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia Tahan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelsy Nema Areco
- Division of Health Informatics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Batista de Morais
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jiménez Candel MI, Salvador Pinto T, García Peris M, Crehuá Gaudiza E, Jovaní Casano C, Moreno Ruiz MA, Hernández Bertó T, Largo Blanco E, Martínez Costa C. Rendimiento de las pruebas complementarias en el estudio de pacientes con dolor abdominal crónico. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Jiménez Candel MI, Salvador Pinto T, García Peris M, Crehuá Gaudiza E, Jovaní Casano C, Moreno Ruiz MA, Hernández Bertó T, Largo Blanco E, Martínez Costa C. Usefulness of complementary test in the study of patients with chronic abdominal pain. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 95:26-32. [PMID: 34092539 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in children is a symptom that frequently leads to a visit to the paediatrician, which affects family life and occasionally requires the need to perform diagnostic studies (DS). The objective was to carry out a qualitative, quantitative, and economic analysis on the tests requested. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational, prospective and multicentre study was conducted that included children between 4-15 years old affected by CAP. The difference between organic and functional disorders was taken into account. The following variables were collected: history, warning signs and symptoms, DS, and the cost of these. RESULTS The study included 235 children with CAP (Age; mean 9.7 ± 2.7 SD). The large majority (79%) were functional disorders and 21% organic disorders. Almost half of the patients had some warning sign or symptom, but urinary symptoms were only associated with organic disorders. The abdominal ultrasound, faecal parasites, breath test, and endoscopy were the most associated with organic disorders. There was a difference between the costs of the DS according to each centre. The total economic cost was 52,490.80 euros, with 195 euros per patient for functional disorders and 306 euros for organic disorders. CONCLUSION Signs and symptoms of alarm in CAP were very frequent, but had low discriminative capacity. The abdominal ultrasound and faecal parasites are innocuous DS, and could be useful as a first level study. The endoscopy and the breath test were the most discriminative of organic disease. The economic cost of DS arising from the diagnosis of exclusion in CAP was high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Salvador Pinto
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital de la Marina Baja, Villajoyosa, Spain
| | - Mónica García Peris
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, Xátiva, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Crehuá Gaudiza
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Jovaní Casano
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Tomás Hernández Bertó
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Esther Largo Blanco
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez Costa
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Madani S, Madani R, Parikh S, Manivannan A, Orellana WR, Thomas R, Di Lorenzo C. Symptomatic Treatment of Pain-Related Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in a Biopsychosocial Construct, and a Validity Study of Rome III Criteria. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2021; 60:304-313. [PMID: 33973488 DOI: 10.1177/00099228211007964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our study aims to assess improvement with symptomatic treatment of pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in a biopsychosocial construct and evaluate validity of Rome III criteria. Children with chronic abdominal pain diagnosed with an FGID or organic disease were followed for 1 year: 256/334 were diagnosed with an FGID and 78/334 were diagnosed with a possible organic disease due to alarm signs or not meeting Rome III criteria. After 1 year, 251 had true FGID and 46 had organic diseases. Ninety percent of FGID patients improved with symptomatic treatment over an average of 5.4 months. With a 95% confidence interval, Rome criteria predicted FGIDs with sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.90, positive predictive value 0.98, and negative predictive value 0.59. We conclude that symptomatic treatment of pain-related FGIDs results in clinical improvement and could reduce invasive/expensive testing. Rome III criteria's high specificity and positive predictive value suggest they can rule in a diagnosis of FGID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Madani
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suchi Parikh
- Cook Children's Physician Network, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - Wilma R Orellana
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ron Thomas
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Troy, MI, USA
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Abstract
Paediatric functional abdominal pain disorders, currently referred to as disorders of gut-brain interaction, comprise irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, abdominal migraine and functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified, as defined by the Rome IV diagnostic criteria. Functional abdominal pain disorders are common disorders with a prevalence of 3-16% depending on country, age and sex. A greater understanding of aetiopathogenesis and pathophysiology is emerging and includes intestinal components (inflammation, motility and the microbiota), central factors (psychological aspects, sensitization and/or differences in connectivity or activity of certain brain regions) as well as extrinsic factors (infections). In particular, the timing of disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis seems to be important. Diagnosis is challenging but is primarily based on clinical symptoms and exclusion of other organic causes, with an emphasis on avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. The available pharmacological interventions are limited in children and, therefore, management has focused on combined approaches, including mind-targeted interventions (hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy), diet (probiotics) and percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation. The evidence for their clinical efficacy, although limited, is favourable, with positive impacts on symptoms and overall quality of life. The coming decades hold promise for improved understanding and management of these enigmatic disorders.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a functional abdominal pain disorder. There is paucity of data on the economic impact of FD in children. Primary aim of our study was to estimate annual evaluation cost ("diagnosis and visit" cost) and secondary aim was to identify potential prognostic factors of FD in children. METHODS Out of the 136 patients 86 met inclusion criteria and were divided into 2 clinical groups: Complete Improvement Group (CIG-30 patients) and Partial/No Improvement Group (PIG/NIG-56 patients). Medications used were noted descriptively. Annual evaluation cost was calculated using 2017 Medicare reimbursement rates. RESULTS Annual evaluation cost in all patients was $724.874 ± $180.075 ($544.799 ± $87.995 in CIG and $904.949 ± 79.083 in PIG/NIG). An extrapolated annual cost of evaluation in children with FD would be approximately $5.79 billion. Average number of clinic visits (3.1 ± 1.2 in CIG vs 4.40 ± 3.1 in PIG/NIG), duration of follow-up in months (9.2 ± 6.6 in CIG vs 17.1 ± 13.6 in PIG/NIG), use of imaging studies (7 patients in CIG [23.3%] vs 29 in PIG/NIG [51.8%]) and endoscopic procedures (17 in CIG [56.7%] vs 46 in PIG/NIG [82.1%]) were significantly higher in PIG/NIG (P < 0.005). PIG/NIG required multiple medications for control of symptoms compared to CIG (4 patients in CIG [13.5%] vs 30 in PIG [53.6%], P value <0.001]. For every $500.00 decrease in total evaluation cost the odds of having a complete response was 0.998 (P = 0.027). No prognostic factors were identified in children with FD. CONCLUSIONS FD in children has a significant economic impact on health care expenditure. Patients with FD who have partial/no response to treatment incur greater financial cost potentially adding to health care expenditure.
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Heinsch ML, Nightingale S. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents: Knowledge, practice and attitudes of Australian paediatricians. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:1063-1069. [PMID: 30628135 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate paediatricians' understanding of, and approaches to, the diagnosis and treatment of functional abdominal pain (FAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children. METHODS This study used an electronic survey of doctors subscribing to a popular Australian-based paediatrics email forum. Responses about investigation and management in two clinical vignettes were correlated with respondent demographic data, practice setting, attitudes and knowledge. RESULTS The 327 respondents were mostly female (60.3%), aged <45 years (54.5%), general paediatricians (53.5%), working in public outpatient clinics (50.5%). Awareness of Rome III diagnostic criteria was low (37.2%) but associated with confidence in diagnosing FAP/IBS in the vignettes. Respondents who lacked confidence in diagnosing FAP/IBS requested more investigations (P < 0.05), although most acknowledged they would not be helpful. Most (70.5%) believed that families are unlikely to accept an FAP diagnosis without investigations requested. Fewer than 1 of 3 were aware of clear evidence for the effective therapy of FAP or IBS, although awareness did not influence management options selected. Two-thirds of respondents believe that FAP is a psychological rather than a medical problem, while few (8.8%) believe the same about IBS (P < 0.001). Parental pressure to find an immediate cure was cited as the most frequent challenge to successful management in both FAP (86.6%) and IBS (75.9%). CONCLUSIONS Awareness of the Rome criteria was associated with greater confidence in diagnosing FAP and IBS. Attitudes to FAP and IBS being diagnoses of exclusion are prevalent among paediatricians and associated with more investigations requested. There is a lack of awareness of evidence-based therapies for FAP and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena L Heinsch
- Discipline of Social Work, School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Nightingale
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,GrowUpWell Priority Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Heinsch M, Nightingale S. Integrating psychosocial approaches into the management of childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: a role for social work. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2019; 58:431-443. [PMID: 30836048 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2019.1581871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
FGID is one of the most common pain conditions in children and adversely affects their functioning and quality of life. Recent approaches to the management of paediatric FGID recognise the importance of an integrated biopsychosocial approach. Unfortunately, research findings show that psychosocial factors are often not adequately addressed in the management of FGID in children. We recently conducted a survey of 327 paediatric doctors in Australia to investigate their approaches to managing two of the most common childhood FGID - functional abdominal pain (FAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Findings provide important insights into paediatricians' perceptions of the role of psychosocial issues and interventions in these conditions. Implications for social work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Heinsch
- a Social Work , University Drive, University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Scott Nightingale
- b Paediatric Gastroenterologist , John Hunter Children's Hospital , Newcastle , Australia
- c GrowUpWell Priority Research Centre , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
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Trivić I, Hojsak I. Initial Diagnosis of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children Increases a Chance for Resolution of Symptoms. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2018; 21:264-270. [PMID: 30345239 PMCID: PMC6182488 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2018.21.4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to describe functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) presented in a tertiary medical center, characteristics of patients and results of the diagnostic work-up together with an outcome during the follow up. METHODS This was a retrospective, single center, observational study including all patients who were diagnosed with FGID based on Rome III criteria from January to December 2015 in tertiary medical center. RESULTS Overall 294 children were included (mean age, 8.9 years [range, 1-18 years]; 165 females). Majority had functional constipation (35.4%), followed by functional abdominal pain (30.6%), irritable bowel syndrome (17.0%), functional dyspepsia (12.6%), functional nausea (3.4%) and abdominal migraine (1.0%). Regression model found that only significant factor associated with improvement of symptoms is the establishment of the functional diagnosis at the first visit (hazard ratio, 2.163; 95% confidence inverval, 1.029-4.544). There was no association between improvement of symptoms and presence of alarm signs/symptoms (weight loss, nocturnal symptoms and severe vomiting) at diagnosis. Furthermore, in pain symptoms (functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia) no treatment positively correlated with pain improvement. CONCLUSION Regardless of the initial diagnosis of FGID, positive diagnosis at the first visit increases a chance for resolution of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Trivić
- Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Ünlüsoy Aksu A, Yılmaz G, Eğritaş Gürkan Ö, Sarı S, Dalgıç B. The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on functional dyspepsia in Turkish children. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12497. [PMID: 29873438 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on dyspepsia symptom scores in children with functional dyspepsia (FD). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty functional dyspeptic children (ages 8-18 years, mean: 13.3 ± 2.84 years; 30% male) were enrolled to this prospective study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on all patients, and the samples from the gastric antrum and corpus were obtained for the existence of H. pylori. 13 Carbon-urea breath test was performed to evaluate the eradication therapy's efficacy. The symptoms were assessed at first visit and at the 8th week and 16th week. RESULTS Forty-nine (33%) children were in the H. pylori-positive group, and 101 (67%) children were in the H. pylori-negative group. Dyspepsia symptom scores improved at 8th week in both groups (P < .05). Helicobacter pylori was eradicated in 30 patients (61%), while in the H. pylori-eradicated group, all dyspepsia symptoms' scores decreased, and in the H. pylori-uneradicated group, only three symptoms' scores decreased. Symptom scores were lower in H. pylori-eradicated group than H. pylori-uneradicated group. CONCLUSIONS Although the tests used for the diagnosis of H. pylori in functional dyspeptic patients increased the cost of health care, the dyspepsia symptom scores decreased with the eradication therapy in a high prevalence community. The findings may differ in low prevalence communities where the diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection are not recommended in children in the absence of alarm signs or symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Ünlüsoy Aksu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güldal Yılmaz
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ödül Eğritaş Gürkan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Sarı
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Buket Dalgıç
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Calvano C, Warschburger P. Quality of life among parents seeking treatment for their child’s functional abdominal pain. Qual Life Res 2018; 27:2557-2570. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Devanarayana NM, Rajindrajith S. Irritable bowel syndrome in children: Current knowledge, challenges and opportunities. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2211-2235. [PMID: 29881232 PMCID: PMC5989237 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i21.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and troublesome disorder in children with an increasing prevalence noted during the past two decades. It has a significant effect on the lives of affected children and their families and poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Standard symptom-based criteria for diagnosis of pediatric IBS have changed several times during the past two decades and there are some differences in interpreting symptoms between different cultures. This has posed a problem when using them to diagnose IBS in clinical practice. A number of potential patho-physiological mechanisms have been described, but so far the exact underlying etiology of IBS is unclear. A few potential therapeutic modalities have been tested in children and only a small number of them have shown some benefit. In addition, most of the described patho-physiological mechanisms and treatment options are based on adult studies. These have surfaced as challenges when dealing with pediatric IBS and they need to be overcome for effective management of children with IBS. Recently suggested top-down and bottom-up models help integrating reported patho-physiological mechanisms and will provide an opportunity for better understanding of the diseases process. Treatment trials targeting single treatment modalities are unlikely to have clinically meaningful therapeutic effects on IBS with multiple integrating patho-physiologies. Trials focusing on multiple combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are likely to yield more benefit. In addition to treatment, in the future, attention should be paid for possible prevention strategies for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
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Rosen J. Enabling high value care in common paediatric gastrointestinal disorders. Int J Clin Pract 2018; 72:e13206. [PMID: 29924469 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Rosen
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Holland KJ, Bennett WE. Narcotic and Antidepressant Use and Hospital Readmission Rates in Children With Functional Abdominal Pain. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2017; 56:1104-1108. [PMID: 27831525 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816674520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Functional abdominal pain is a common presentation in the pediatric population, and it carries a large financial and emotional burden. The objective of this study was to describe the association between the use of narcotics and antidepressants and hospital readmission in children admitted for abdominal pain without an organic cause. We analyzed data from the Pediatric Health Information System database. A multivariate logistical regression model was used to assess the association between medication type and hospital readmission rates within 30 and 90 days. There was a positive association between readmission rates. Readmission rates were higher for children who were older, male, Black, had Medicaid insurance, had a longer hospital stay, or were treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/tricyclic antidepressant/narcotic. While not standard practice, patients with functional abdominal pain who receive these medications may be at an increased risk for readmission and subsequent health care contacts and are good candidates for future healthcare coordination.
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Anheyer D, Frawley J, Koch AK, Lauche R, Langhorst J, Dobos G, Cramer H. Herbal Medicines for Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2017-0062. [PMID: 28562281 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Gastrointestinal disorders are common childhood complaints. Particular types of complementary and alternative medicine, such as herbal medicine, are commonly used among children. Research information on efficacy, safety, or dosage forms is still lacking. OBJECTIVES To systematically summarize effectiveness and safety of different herbal treatment options for gastrointestinal disorders in children. DATA SOURCES Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched through July 15, 2016. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials comparing herbal therapy with no treatment, placebo, or any pharmaceutical medication in children and adolescents (aged 0-18 years) with gastrointestinal disorders were eligible. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors extracted data on study design, patients, interventions, control interventions, results, adverse events, and risk of bias. RESULTS Fourteen trials with 1927 participants suffering from different acute and functional gastrointestinal disorders were included in this review. Promising evidence for effectiveness was found for Potentilla erecta, carob bean juice, and an herbal compound preparation including Matricaria chamomilla in treating diarrhea. Moreover, evidence was found for peppermint oil in decreasing duration, frequency, and severity of pain in children suffering from undifferentiated functional abdominal pain. Furthermore, evidence for effectiveness was found for different fennel preparations (eg, oil, tea, herbal compound) in treating children with infantile colic. No serious adverse events were reported. LIMITATIONS Few studies on specific indications, single herbs, or herbal preparations could be identified. CONCLUSIONS Because of the limited number of studies, results have to be interpreted carefully. To underpin evidence outlined in this review, more rigorous clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Anheyer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, and
| | - Jane Frawley
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Katharina Koch
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, and.,Department of Integrative Gastroenterology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Romy Lauche
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, and.,Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, and.,Department of Integrative Gastroenterology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, and
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, and.,Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patient and Parental Characteristics Differ by Care Management Type. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64:391-395. [PMID: 27111343 PMCID: PMC5074915 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates whether certain patient or parental characteristics are associated with gastroenterology (GI) referral versus primary pediatrics care for pediatric irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS A retrospective clinical trial sample of patients meeting pediatric Rome III IBS criteria was assembled from a single metropolitan health care system. Baseline socioeconomic status (SES) and clinical symptom measures were gathered. Various instruments measured participant and parental psychosocial traits. Study outcomes were stratified by GI referral versus primary pediatrics care. Two separate analyses of SES measures and GI clinical symptoms and psychosocial measures identified key factors by univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. For each analysis, identified factors were placed in unadjusted and adjusted multivariate logistic regression models to assess their impact in predicting GI referral. RESULTS Of the 239 participants, 152 were referred to pediatric GI, and 87 were managed in primary pediatrics care. Of the SES and clinical symptom factors, child self-assessment of abdominal pain duration and lower percentage of people living in poverty were the strongest predictors of GI referral. Among the psychosocial measures, parental assessment of their child's functional disability was the sole predictor of GI referral. In multivariate logistic regression models, all selected factors continued to predict GI referral in each model. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic environment, clinical symptoms, and functional disability are associated with GI referral. Future interventions designed to ameliorate the effect of these identified factors could reduce unnecessary specialty consultations and health care overutilization for IBS.
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Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children and Adolescents: Parental Threat Perception Plays a Major Role in Seeking Medical Consultations. Pain Res Manag 2016; 2016:3183562. [PMID: 28003776 PMCID: PMC5143725 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3183562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background. Pain symptoms, associated impairment, and parental perception of threat are reported to be predictors of health care utilization (HCU) in childhood chronic abdominal pain (CAP). However, mediating variables and their interrelations have not yet been systematically studied. Objectives. This study aims to identify mediating pathways of influence between child's abdominal pain and the number of pain-related medical visits. Methods. In a multicenter study, we recruited N = 151 parent-child dyads with children aged 6-17 years suffering from CAP. A composite measure of pain symptoms was defined as predictor and the number of pain-related medical visits as outcome variable. This relation was analyzed by serial mediation, including child- and parent-reported impairment and parental threat perception as mediators. Results. Only parental threat perception significantly linked child's pain symptoms to the number of medical visits. Measures of impairment did not have a significant effect. Conclusions. Parental pain-related threat perception is strongly related to health care seeking in childhood CAP. Addressing threat perception might be a fruitful parent-centered approach in clinical practice.
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Czyzewski DI, Self MM, Williams AE, Weidler EM, Blatz AM, Shulman RJ. Maintenance of Pain in Children With Functional Abdominal Pain. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62:393-8. [PMID: 26301615 PMCID: PMC4761339 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A significant proportion of children with functional abdominal pain develop chronic pain. Identifying clinical characteristics predicting pain persistence is important in targeting interventions. We examined whether child anxiety and/or pain-stooling relations were related to maintenance of abdominal pain frequency and compared the predictive value of 3 methods for assessing pain-stooling relations (ie, diary, parent report, child report). METHODS Seventy-six children (7-10 years old at baseline) who presented for medical treatment of functional abdominal pain were followed up 18 to 24 months later. Baseline anxiety and abdominal pain-stooling relations based on pain and stooling diaries and child- and parent questionnaires were examined in relationship to the persistence of abdominal pain frequency. RESULTS Children's baseline anxiety was not related to persistence of pain frequency. Children who, however, displayed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms at baseline maintained pain frequency at follow-up, whereas in children in whom there was no relationship between pain and stooling, pain frequency decreased. Pain and stool diaries and parent report of pain-stooling relations were predictive of pain persistence but child-report questionnaires were not. CONCLUSIONS The presence of IBS symptoms in school-age children with functional abdominal pain appears to predict persistence of abdominal pain over time, whereas anxiety does not. Prospective pain and stooling diaries and parent report of IBS symptoms were predictors of pain maintenance, but child report of symptoms was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danita I. Czyzewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Mariella M. Self
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy E. Williams
- Indiana University School of Medicine & Riley Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Erica M. Weidler
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Allison M. Blatz
- George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Robert J. Shulman
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas
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Hoekman DR, Rutten JMTM, Vlieger AM, Benninga MA, Dijkgraaf MGW. Annual Costs of Care for Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Abdominal Pain, and Functional Abdominal Pain Syndrome. J Pediatr 2015; 167:1103-8.e2. [PMID: 26329806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate annual medical and nonmedical costs of care for children diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional abdominal pain (syndrome; FAP/FAPS). STUDY DESIGN Baseline data from children with IBS or FAP/FAPS who were included in a multicenter trial (NTR2725) in The Netherlands were analyzed. Patients' parents completed a questionnaire concerning usage of healthcare resources, travel costs, out-of-pocket expenses, productivity loss of parents, and supportive measures at school. Use of abdominal pain related prescription medication was derived from case reports forms. Total annual costs per patient were calculated as the sum of direct and indirect medical and nonmedical costs. Costs of initial diagnostic investigations were not included. RESULTS A total of 258 children, mean age 13.4 years (±5.5), were included, and 183 (70.9%) were female. Total annual costs per patient were estimated to be €2512.31. Inpatient and outpatient healthcare use were major cost drivers, accounting for 22.5% and 35.2% of total annual costs, respectively. Parental productivity loss accounted for 22.2% of total annual costs. No difference was found in total costs between children with IBS or FAP/FAPS. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric abdominal pain related functional gastrointestinal disorders impose a large economic burden on patients' families and healthcare systems. More than one-half of total annual costs of IBS and FAP/FAPS consist of inpatient and outpatient healthcare use. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Registry: NTR2725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël R Hoekman
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette M T M Rutten
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arine M Vlieger
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wallis EM, Fiks AG. Nonspecific abdominal pain in pediatric primary care: evaluation and outcomes. Acad Pediatr 2015; 15:333-9. [PMID: 25441656 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of children with nonspecific abdominal pain (AP) in primary care, their evaluation, and their outcomes. METHODS Between 2007 and 2009, a retrospective cohort of children from 5 primary care practices was followed from an index visit with AP until a well-child visit 6 to 24 months later (outcome visit). Using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision (ICD-9), codes and chart review, we identified afebrile children between 4 and 12 years old with AP. Use of diagnostic testing was assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the association of index visit clinical and demographic variables with persistent pain at the outcome visit, and receipt of a specific diagnosis. RESULTS Three hundred seventy-five children presented with AP, representing 1% of the total population of 4- to 12-year-olds during the study period. Eighteen percent of children had persistent pain, and 70% of the study cohort never received a specific diagnosis for their pain. Seventeen percent and 14% of children had laboratory and radiology testing at the index visit, respectively. Only 3% of laboratory evaluations helped to yield a diagnosis. Among variables considered, only preceding pain of more than 7 days at the index visit was associated with persistent pain (odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.19-3.89). None of the variables considered was associated with receiving a specific diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Most children with AP do not receive a diagnosis, many have persistent pain, and very few receive a functional AP diagnosis. Results support limited use of diagnostic testing and conservative management consistent with national policy statements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Wallis
- Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| | - Alexander G Fiks
- Pediatric Research Consortium (PeRC), Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness and PolicyLab at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
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Fortin S, Gauthier A, Gomez L, Bibeau G, Rasquin A, Faure C. Diverse pathways to care for children with stomach pain in a Canadian cosmopolitan city. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2014; 22:515-523. [PMID: 24697973 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Montreal, Quebec, 31% of the population is born outside Canada. Yet, only 9% of patient consultations for symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are from immigrants at the Paediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Sainte-Justine's University Hospital Centre. This discrepancy inspired a multidisciplinary exploratory study (anthropological and paediatric) to examine the sociological, interpretative and pragmatic aspects of immigrant and non-immigrant patients and family life with FGIDs. This paper examines the discrepancy between immigrant and non-immigrant paediatric patients with FGIDs and presents the different pathways to care utilised by families. Semi-structured interviews were carried out between November 2008 and June 2009, with children and their parents. In total, 38 families were recruited: with 27 families (including a child experiencing abdominal pain, his/her siblings, mother and/or father as well as any other significant individual living in the family home) from the community and 11 from the paediatric gastroenterology clinic. A comparative analysis between the immigrant and non-immigrant groups focused on perceptions, meanings and actions taken to relieve/alleviate symptoms. Immigrant and non-immigrant families alternate and combine different therapeutic environments: home, alternative healing therapies and medical paths to care. Our analysis suggests that culture (as a set of values, beliefs and ways of being), as well as social interactions within family life and the clinic, shape pathways to care. The analysis highlights the centrality of receptiveness--and more widely the social dimensions--of all medical encounters. Treatment disparities between immigrant and non-immigrant families in pathways to care help us to understand these patients' social world and the intricate relationships between values and social milieux, between culture, practices of symptom management and rationales guiding diverse therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Fortin
- Anthropology Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Pediatric Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine's Pediatric University Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Paediatric gastroenterology: EGD for children with abdominal pain: the jury is still out. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 10:701-3. [PMID: 24192605 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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O’Connor OJ, McSweeney SE, McWilliams S, O’Neill S, Shanahan F, Quigley EMM, Maher MM. Role of Radiologic Imaging in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Evidence-based Review. Radiology 2012; 262:485-94. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sood MR, Di Lorenzo C, Hyams J, Miranda A, Simpson P, Mousa H, Nurko S. Beliefs and attitudes of general pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists regarding functional gastrointestinal disorders: a survey study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2011; 50:891-6. [PMID: 21464079 DOI: 10.1177/0009922811398041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manu R Sood
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Gieteling MJ, Lisman-van Leeuwen Y, van der Wouden JC, Schellevis FG, Berger MY. Childhood nonspecific abdominal pain in family practice: incidence, associated factors, and management. Ann Fam Med 2011; 9:337-43. [PMID: 21747105 PMCID: PMC3133581 DOI: 10.1370/afm.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP) is a common complaint in childhood. In specialist care, childhood NSAP is considered to be a complex and time-consuming problem, and parents are hard to reassure. Little is known about NSAP in family practice, but the impression is that family physicians consider it to be a benign syndrome needing little more than reassurance. This discrepancy calls for a better understanding of NSAP in family practice. METHODS Data were obtained from the Second Dutch National Survey of General Practice (2001). Using registration data of 91 family practices, we identified children aged 4 to 17 years with NSAP. We calculated the incidence, and we studied factors associated with childhood NSAP, referrals, and prescriptions. RESULTS The incidence of NSAP was 25.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.7-26.3) per 1,000 person years. Most children (92.7%) with newly diagnosed NSAP (N = 1,480) consulted their doctor for this condition once or twice. Factors independently associated with NSAP were female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5), nongastrointestinal-nonspecific somatic symptoms (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5), and health care use (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03-1.05). When NSAP was diagnosed at the first visit, 3% of the patients were referred to specialist care, and 1% received additional testing. Family physicians prescribed medication in 21.3% of the visits for NSAP. CONCLUSIONS Childhood NSAP is a common problem in family practice. Most patients visit their doctor once or twice for this problem. Family physicians use little additional testing and make few referrals in their management of childhood NSAP. Despite the lack of evidence for effectiveness, family physicians commonly prescribe medication for NSAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke J Gieteling
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Warner CM, Colognori D, Kim RE, Reigada LC, Klein RG, Browner-Elhanan KJ, Saborsky A, Petkova E, Reiss P, Chhabra M, McFarlane-Ferreira YB, Phoon CK, Pittman N, Benkov K. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of persistent functional somatic complaints and pediatric anxiety: an initial controlled trial. Depress Anxiety 2011; 28:551-9. [PMID: 21681863 PMCID: PMC3128648 DOI: 10.1002/da.20821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents who seek medical treatment for persistent physical distress often suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Treatment options for this impaired population are limited. This study tests the feasibility and potential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting pain and anxiety for youth with impairing functional physical symptoms and anxiety disorders presenting to pediatricians for medical care. METHODS Children and adolescents (aged 8-16) experiencing somatic complaints, without an explanatory medical disorder (i.e., functional), were recruited from primary care and specialty (gastroenterologists and cardiologists) pediatricians. Forty children, primarily with gastrointestinal symptoms, who met criteria for a co-occurring anxiety disorder, were randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral treatment addressing pain and anxiety, Treatment of Anxiety and Physical Symptoms (TAPS), or to a waiting list control. RESULTS TAPS was found to be an acceptable treatment for this population and was superior to the waiting list condition. Eighty percent of children in TAPS were rated as treatment responders by independent evaluators compared with none of the controls. Overall, self- and parent ratings indicated reductions in children's somatic discomfort and anxiety following intervention. TAPS participants maintained clinical gains 3 months following treatment. CONCLUSIONS The study supports the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting co-occurring physical distress and anxiety in youth presenting for medical treatment. Such an approach has the potential to exert broad impact on children's dysfunction and to minimize exposure to invasive, ineffective, and costly medical procedures and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Masia Warner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Child Study Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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Katiraei P, Bultron G. Need for a comprehensive medical approach to the neuro-immuno-gastroenterology of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2791-800. [PMID: 21734786 PMCID: PMC3120938 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i23.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined by the Rome III criteria as symptoms of recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort with the onset of a marked change in bowel habits with no evidence of an inflammatory, anatomic, metabolic, or neoplastic process. As such, many clinicians regard IBS as a central nervous system problem of altered pain perception. Here, we review the recent literature and discuss the evidence that supports an organic based model, which views IBS as a complex, heterogeneous, inter-dependent, and multi-variable inflammatory process along the neuronal-gut axis. We delineate the organic pathophysiology of IBS, demonstrate the role of inflammation in IBS, review the possible differences between adult and pediatric IBS, discuss the merits of a comprehensive treatment model as taught by the Institute of Functional Medicine, and describe the potential for future research for this syndrome.
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Bufler P, Gross M, Uhlig HH. Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 108:295-304. [PMID: 21629513 PMCID: PMC3103980 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic, recurrent abdominal pain is common among children and adolescents. It interferes with everyday life, causes absence from school, and leads to frequent medical consultations, often involving burdensome diagnostic testing and protracted attempts at treatment. METHOD Selective review of the literature. RESULTS Organic causes should be ruled out with a thorough medical history and physical examination and a small number of laboratory tests. The pediatric Rome III criteria include valid diagnostic criteria for functional abdominal pain in childhood. The available data imply that this condition is best treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, rather than with medications or dietary measures. CONCLUSION A systematic approach to chronic recurrent abdominal pain in children and adolescents is key to ruling out organic diseases while avoiding unnecessary tests and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bufler
- Abteilung für Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 München, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pain-predominant-functional gastrointestinal disorders (PP-FGIDs) are common. The diagnosis is clinical and there are no biological markers to characterize these conditions. Despite limited evidence, investigations are commonly performed. The aim of the study was to investigate diagnostic practices, yield, and costs in children with PP-FGIDs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Charts of all of the children older than 4 years diagnosed as having abdominal pain were reviewed. Results and costs of diagnostic investigations were analyzed. RESULTS Of 243 children with abdominal pain, 122 (50.2%) had PP-FGIDs (79 girls, mean age 12.7 years). All of the children underwent diagnostic work-up. Complete blood cell count was done in 91.8% of patients. None had elevated white blood cells, platelets, and low albumin. Six had either elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, but none had elevation of both; 4 of these 6 cases underwent endoscopies with normal results in 3 cases; Helicobacter pylori was found in 1 case. One child had elevated tissue transglutaminase 1 only antibodies with normal endoscopy. Amylase, lipase, direct bilirubin, stool cultures, and ova or parasites were always normal. One child had intermittent elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase. There were no significant abnormalities in urinalysis or electrolytes. Abdominal x-rays were done in 38.5%, showing only retained stools in 13% of these patients. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan were done in 23.7% and 9% of cases, respectively, but were of no clinical value; 33.6% patients had esophagogastroduodenoscopy (9.7% abnormal: Helicobacter pylori, chemical gastritis, esophagitis) and 17.2% had colonoscopy (9.5% abnormal: rare fork crypts, lymphoid hyperplasia). Total costs: $744,726. Average cost per patient: $6104.30. CONCLUSIONS In children with PP-FGIDs, investigations are common, costs are substantial, and yield is minimal.
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Hyman PE, Monagas J. Rectal perceptual hypersensitivity: a biomarker for pediatric irritable bowel syndrome. J Pediatr 2010; 156:5-7. [PMID: 20006757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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