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Matsuura N, Nishida Y, Harada S, Takahashi K, Koshikawa K, Konn S, Hosoda N, Deguchi K, Hotta U, Oka T. Study on the Causes, Types, and Mechanisms of Childhood Injuries-Age and Disease Specificity. JMA J 2021; 4:246-253. [PMID: 34414319 PMCID: PMC8355747 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2019-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To clarify the causes, types, and mechanisms of injuries in children, we collected injury cases and analyzed their causes. METHODS During the 3-year period from 2013, we collected injury cases from three sources: nursery schools and kindergartens (A), emergency clinics of hospitals (B), and schools and a clinic for the developmentally disabled (C), using a format designed by Safe Kids Japan. RESULTS In all, 383 cases were collected during the 3-year period. The causes of the injuries in group A were crashes, falls, and so on. The types of injuries were cuts, bruises, fractures, injuries of teeth, etc. Dislocations and abrasions were prominent in nursery school children (aged less than 3 years) and bone fractures were prominent in kindergarten children aged more than 3 years.Group B consisted of 144 cases. The most common causes of injuries were falls, traffic accidents, and so on, and the types of injuries were fractures, abrasions, sprains, etc. The incidence of fractures was particularly high and 50% of the accidents were bicycle accidents.Group C consisted of 41 cases. Although the age distribution was similar to that of group B, the types of accidents and injuries were similar to those of group A.The Bodygraphic Injury Surveillance System (BISS) analysis showed that groups A and C were similar, that is, injuries occurred mainly to the head, whereas in group B, the extremities were mainly affected. CONCLUSIONS We analyzed the causes, types, and mechanisms of childhood injuries. The BISS may help to clarify the mechanisms of injuries in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Matsuura
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Seitoku University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishida
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Harada
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Seitoku University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takahashi
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Seitoku University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Kazue Koshikawa
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Seitoku University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Shinya Konn
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toshiaki Oka
- Pediatric Clinic, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Gürmen ES, Doğan S, Ocak T. Do Social and Environmental Factors Affect the Emergency Service Admission Characteristics of Preschool-Aged Pediatric Trauma Patients?: A Prospective Study. Pediatr Emerg Care 2021; 37:e163-e169. [PMID: 30907845 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies related to the epidemiology of trauma play a major role in determining the health status of the communities living in the vicinity of the centers that they are conducted. We have found no epidemiological study related to emergency service admission conducted only on preschool-aged children in the literature. Our aim was to determine characteristics of trauma in this age group, to analyze encountered trauma types, and to investigate possible associations among epidemiological factors, characteristics of the trauma victims, and trauma itself in pediatric patients admitted to our emergency service. METHODS We conducted a prospective study with patients aged 66 months and younger, admitted to Emergency Service of Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015. Data related to age, sex, occupational status of parents, number of siblings, Glasgow coma scale score, transport mode, admission time period of the day, general health status, type of trauma, the trauma site, involved body regions, radiologic imaging and laboratory results, consultations, clinical diagnosis and outcome, duration of emergency service stay, and treatment cost were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 688 preschool-aged cases were admitted owing to trauma. The major mode of transport was a private vehicle (98.3%), and the major cause was falling (64.0%). The major traumatized body region was head and neck (51.0%), and the major diagnosis was soft tissue trauma (90.1%). The average duration of stay was 122.01 minutes and affected by sibling number, trauma type, and employment status. The total service fee was interrelated with the type of trauma and the site that trauma occurred; it also was strongly correlated with duration of emergency service stay. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that both in-hospital and social/environmental aspects should be improved to reduce the clinical and social burden of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekim Saglam Gürmen
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Salihli State Hospital, Manisa
| | - Serkan Doğan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarik Ocak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bagcilar Medilife Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Mathur A, Mehra L, Diwan V, Pathak A. Unintentional Childhood Injuries in Urban and Rural Ujjain, India: A Community-Based Survey. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E23. [PMID: 29419791 PMCID: PMC5835992 DOI: 10.3390/children5020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Injuries are a major global public health problem. There are very few community-based studies on childhood injury from India. The objective of this cross-sectional, community-based survey was to identify the incidence, type, and risk factors of unintentional childhood injuries. The study was done in seven villages and ten contiguous urban slums in Ujjain, India. World Health Organization (WHO) tested tools and definitions were used for the survey, which included 2518 households having 6308 children up to 18 years of age, with 2907 children from urban households and 3401 from rural households. The annual incidence of all injuries was 16.6%, 95% Confidence Interval 15.7-17.5%, (n = 1049). The incidence was significantly higher among boys compared to girls (20.2% versus 12.7%, respectively), was highest in age group 6-10 years of age (18.9%), and in urban locations (17.5%). The most commonly identified injury types were: physical injuries (71%), burns (16%), poisonings (10%), agriculture-related injuries (2%), near drowning (2%), and suffocations (2%). The most common place of injury was streets followed by home. The study identified incidence of different types of unintentional childhood injuries and factors associated with increased risk of unintentional injuries. The results can help in designing injury prevention strategies and awareness programs in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mathur
- Department of Paediatrics, R. D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
| | - Love Mehra
- Department of Paediatrics, R. D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Department of Public Health & Environment, R. D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
- Global Health-Health Systems and Policy, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
| | - Ashish Pathak
- Department of Paediatrics, R. D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
- Global Health-Health Systems and Policy, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
- Department of Women and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden.
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Weaver NL, Weaver TL, Nicks SE, Jupka KA, Sallee H, Jacobsen H, Henley W, Jaques M. Developing tailored positive parenting messages for a clinic-based communication programme. Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:289-297. [PMID: 27781327 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care providers fill a central role in the prevention of both child abuse and neglect (CA/N) and unintentional childhood injury. Health communication interventions hold promise for promoting attitudes and behaviours among parents that increase positive parenting practices, which may be linked to decreased rates of intentional and unintentional childhood injuries. This manuscript describes the development of 'RISE Up', an ambulatory clinic-based childhood injury prevention programme that provides tailored, injury prevention print materials to parents of children ages 0-5. METHODS Fifteen semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted with clinic healthcare providers and staff to develop communication strategies and materials for caregivers. Cognitive response testing was then conducted with 20 caregivers of the priority population to assess all materials. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic coding methods. RESULTS Formative research revealed that health care providers and caregivers were very responsive to messages and materials. Health care providers reported that abuse and neglect were particularly relevant to their patients and noted several benefits to implementing the RISE Up programme in a health care setting. Caregivers generally found messages on reducing the risks of injuries, as well as the graphics displayed in the RISE Up programme to be helpful. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the common determinants of both intentional and unintentional childhood injury through customized print materials may be a useful component of comprehensive prevention efforts to address childhood injury risk with greater impact. Providers and parents responded favourably to this communication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Weaver
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - T L Weaver
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S E Nicks
- Department of Social and Public Health College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - K A Jupka
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Sallee
- Department of Pediatrics, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Jacobsen
- ClearApple Health Writing, Belleville, IL, USA
| | - W Henley
- University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA
| | - M Jaques
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
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Elboray S, Elawdy MY, Dewedar S, Elezz NA, El-Setouhy M, Smith GS, Hirshon JM. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of family physicians and nurses regarding unintentional injuries among children under 15 years in Cairo, Egypt. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2015; 24:24-31. [PMID: 26176681 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2015.1056808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death among children, especially in developing countries. Lack of reliable data regarding primary health care professionals' role in childhood unintentional injury prevention hinders the development of effective prevention strategies. A survey of 99 family physicians and nurses from 10 family health centres sought to develop insight into their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding unintentional injury prevention for children <15 in Cairo, Egypt. Approximately, 60% were familiar with the terms unintentional injuries and injury prevention. Falls and road traffic crashes were identified as primary causes of childhood injuries by 54.5%. While >90% agreed injury prevention counselling (IPC) could be effective, only 50.5% provided IPC. Lack of time and educational materials were the leading barriers to provision of IPC (91.9% and 85.9%, respectively), while thinking counselling is not part of their clinical duties was the least perceived barrier (9.1%). There is a large disconnect between providers' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding IPC, more training and provision of counselling tools are essential for improving IPC by Egyptian medical providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Elboray
- a Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yehia Elawdy
- a Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Sahar Dewedar
- a Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nahla Abo Elezz
- a Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Maged El-Setouhy
- a Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.,d The Substance Abuse Research Center (SARC) , Jazan University , Jazan , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gordon S Smith
- b Charles "McC." Mathias, Jr., National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems; Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology (Research Centre (STAR) ; University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jon Mark Hirshon
- b Charles "McC." Mathias, Jr., National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems; Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology (Research Centre (STAR) ; University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,c Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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van Beelen MEJ, Beirens TMJ, den Hertog P, van Beeck EF, Raat H. Effectiveness of web-based tailored advice on parents' child safety behaviors: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2014; 16:e17. [PMID: 24463421 PMCID: PMC3913924 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries at home are a major cause of death, disability, and loss of quality of life among young children. Despite current safety education, required safety behavior of parents is often lacking. To prevent various childhood disorders, the application of Web-based tools has increased the effectiveness of health promotion efforts. Therefore, an intervention with Web-based, tailored, safety advice combined with personal counseling (E-Health4Uth home safety) was developed and applied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of E-Health4Uth home safety on parents' safety behaviors with regard to the prevention of falls, poisoning, drowning, and burns. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted (2009-2011) among parents visiting well-baby clinics in the Netherlands. Parents were randomly assigned to the intervention group (E-Health4Uth home safety intervention) or to the control condition consisting of usual care. Parents in the intervention condition completed a Web-based safety behavior assessment questionnaire; the resulting tailored safety advice was discussed with their child health care professional at a well-baby visit (age approximately 11 months). Parents in the control condition received counseling using generic safety information leaflets at this well-baby visit. Parents' child safety behaviors were derived from self-report questionnaires at baseline (age 7 months) and at follow-up (age 17 months). Each specific safety behavior was classified as safe/unsafe and a total risk score was calculated. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to reveal differences in safety behavior between the intervention and the control condition at follow-up. RESULTS A total of 1292 parents (response rate 44.79%) were analyzed. At follow-up, parents in the intervention condition (n=643) showed significantly less unsafe behavior compared to parents in the control condition (n=649): top of staircase (23.91% vs. 32.19%; OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.85); bottom of staircase (63.53% vs. 71.94%; OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.88); top and bottom of staircase (68.94% vs. 78.28%; OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48-0.81); storage of cleaning products (30.33% vs. 39.91%; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.85); bathing of the child (23.46% vs. 32.25%; OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.84); drinking hot fluids (34.84% vs. 41.73%; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.96); using rear hotplates (79.34% vs. 85.27%; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.90); and the total risk score in which a higher score indicates more unsafe behavior (mean 13.63, SD 6.12 vs. mean 15.34, SD 6.07; beta -1.59, 95% CI -2.26 to -0.93). There were no significant differences for other specific behaviors between the two study conditions. CONCLUSIONS Compared to generic written materials, the E-Health4Uth home safety intervention seems more effective in promoting parents' safety behavior for safe staircases, storage of cleaning products, bathing, drinking hot fluids, and cooking. This study supports the application of Web-based, tailored, safety advice for the prevention of unintentional injuries in the youth health care setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Nederlands Trial Register: NTR1836; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1836 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6MPIGQxpx).
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