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Baker D, Glickman H, Tank A, Caminiti C, Melnick A, Agalliu I, Underland L, Fein DM, Shlomovich M, Weingarten-Arams J, Ushay HM, Katyal C, Soshnick SH. Retrospective Outcomes Comparison by Treatment Location for Pediatric Mild and Moderate Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Hosp Pediatr 2024:e2023007576. [PMID: 38993158 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is often treated in a PICU, but nonsevere DKA may not necessitate PICU admission. At our institution, nonsevere DKA was treated on the floor until policy change shifted care to the PICU. We describe outcomes in pediatric mild to moderate DKA by treatment location. METHODS Patients aged 2 to 21 with mild to moderate DKA (pH <7.3 but >7.1), treated on the floor from January 1, 2018 to July 31, 2020 and PICU from August 1, 2020 to October 1, 2022 were included. We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study; primary outcome was DKA duration (from emergency department diagnosis to resolution), secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, and complication rates, based on treatment location. RESULTS Seventy nine floor and 65 PICU encounters for mild to moderate pediatric DKA were analyzed. There were no differences in demographics, initial pH, or bicarbonate; PICU patients had more acute kidney injury on admission. Floor patients had a shorter DKA duration (10 hours [interquartile range 7-13] vs 11 hours [9-15]; P = .04), and a shorter median length of stay (median 43.5 hours [interquartile range 31-62] vs 49 hours [32-100]; P < .01). No patients had clinical signs of cerebral edema; other complications occurred at similar rates. PICU patients received significantly more intravenous electrolyte boluses, but there were no differences in dysrhythmia or electrolyte abnormalities on final serum chemistry. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not find a clear benefit to admitting patients with mild to moderate DKA to the PICU instead of the hospital floor. Our findings suggest that some children with nonsevere DKA may be treated safely in a non-PICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baker
- Divisions of Pediatric Critical Care
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Helene Glickman
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore
| | - Allyson Tank
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore
| | | | - Anna Melnick
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore
| | - Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and
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Radman M, McGuire J, Sharek P, Baden H, Koth A, DiGeronimo R, Migita D, Barry D, Johnson JB, Rutman L, Vora S. Changes in Inhaled Nitric Oxide Use Across ICUs After Implementation of a Standard Pathway. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2024:00130478-990000000-00346. [PMID: 38786980 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator. It is expensive, frequently used, and not without risk. There is limited evidence supporting a standard approach to initiation and weaning. Our objective was to optimize the use of iNO in the cardiac ICU (CICU), PICU, and neonatal ICU (NICU) by establishing a standard approach to iNO utilization. DESIGN A quality improvement study using a prospective cohort design with historical controls. SETTING Four hundred seven-bed free standing quaternary care academic children's hospital. PATIENTS All patients on iNO in the CICU, PICU, and NICU from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. INTERVENTIONS Unit-specific standard approaches to iNO initiation and weaning. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sixteen thousand eighty-seven patients were admitted to the CICU, PICU, and NICU with 9343 in the pre-iNO pathway era (January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020) and 6744 in the postpathway era (July 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022). We found a decrease in the percentage of CICU patients initiated on iNO from 17.8% to 11.8% after implementation of the iNO utilization pathway. We did not observe a change in iNO utilization between the pre- and post-iNO pathway eras in either the PICU or NICU. Based on these data, we estimate 564 total days of iNO (-24%) were saved over 24 months in association with the standard pathway in the CICU, with associated cost savings. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a standard pathway for iNO use was associated with a statistically discernible reduction in total iNO usage in the CICU, but no change in iNO use in the NICU and PICU. These differential results likely occurred because of multiple contextual factors in each care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Radman
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - John McGuire
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Paul Sharek
- Center for Quality and Patient Safety, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Harris Baden
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andy Koth
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert DiGeronimo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Darren Migita
- Center for Quality and Patient Safety, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dwight Barry
- Clinical Analytics, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - James B Johnson
- Clinical Analytics, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Lori Rutman
- Center for Quality and Patient Safety, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Surabhi Vora
- Center for Quality and Patient Safety, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Brumer E, Godse S, Chandrasekar L, Kockar Kizilirmak T, Blythe E, Gozzo Y, Peterec S, Kandil S, Grossman M, Chen L, Weiss P, Sheares B. Quality Improvement Initiative Enhances Outpatient Pediatric Pulmonology Follow-up for Premature Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Pediatr Qual Saf 2024; 9:e736. [PMID: 38854502 PMCID: PMC11161285 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disorder affecting many premature infants. Infants with BPD have higher hospital readmission rates due to respiratory-related morbidity. We aimed to increase the rates of outpatient pulmonary follow-up and attendance of premature babies with moderate and severe BPD to above 85% within 6 months. Methods We conducted a quality improvement project at Yale New Haven Children's Hospital. Key interventions included developing a BPD clinical pathway integrated into the electronic medical record to assist providers in correctly classifying BPD severity, assigning the appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code (P27.1), and providing standardized treatment options. The outcome measures included correct diagnosis and classification of BPD, the percentage of patients with BPD scheduled for pediatric pulmonology appointments within 45 days, and the percentage attending those appointments. Results There were 226 patients in our study, including 85 in the baseline period. Correct diagnosis of BPD increased from 49% to 95%, the percentage of scheduled appointments increased from 71.9% to 100%, and the percentage of appointments attended increased from 55.6% to 87.1%. Conclusions Our quality improvement initiative improved the accuracy of diagnosis, severity classification, and outpatient pulmonary follow-up of children with moderate and severe BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliaz Brumer
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Respiratory, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Sanjiv Godse
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Respiratory, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Leela Chandrasekar
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Respiratory, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Tuba Kockar Kizilirmak
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Respiratory, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Eleanor Blythe
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Yeisid Gozzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Steven Peterec
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Sarah Kandil
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Matthew Grossman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of General Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Laura Chen
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Respiratory, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Pnina Weiss
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Respiratory, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - Beverley Sheares
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Respiratory, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
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Benning TJ, Heien HC, Herges JR, Creo AL, Al Nofal A, McCoy RG. Glucagon fill rates and cost among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in the United States, 2011-2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 206:111026. [PMID: 38000667 PMCID: PMC10872944 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize glucagon fill rates and costs among youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Claims-based analysis of commercially-insured youth with T1DM included in OptumLabs® Data Warehouse between 2011 and 2021. Glucagon fill rates and costs were calculated overall and by formulation (injectable, intranasal, autoinjector, and pre-filled syringe). Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with glucagon fills were examined using Cox regression. RESULTS We identified 13,267 children with T1DM (76.4% non-Hispanic White). Over mean follow-up of 2.81 years (SD 2.62), 70.0% filled glucagon, with stable fill rates from 2011 to 2021. Intranasal glucagon had rapid uptake following initial approval, and it accounted for almost half (46.6%) of all glucagon fills by 2021. Family income was positively associated with glucagon fills in a stepwise fashion (HR 1.39 [95% CI 1.27-1.52] for annual household income ≥$200,000 vs. <$40,000), while Black race was negatively associated with fills (HR 0.83 [95% CI 0.76-0.91]) compared to White race). Annual mean out-of-pocket costs ranged from $21-$68 (IQR $29-$44). CONCLUSION Roughly 30% of commercially-insured youth with T1DM may lack access to unexpired glucagon, with significant disparities among Black and low-income patients. Health systems, clinicians, schools, and caregivers should work together to ensure children have reliable access to this critical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Benning
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Herbert C Heien
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Joseph R Herges
- Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Ana L Creo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Alaa Al Nofal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Rozalina G McCoy
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, 6116 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20852, United States; OptumLabs, 11000 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, United States.
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Crumm CE, Brown ECB, Vora SB, Lowry S, Schlatter A, Rutman LE. The Impact of an Emergency Department Bruising Pathway on Disparities in Child Abuse Evaluation. Pediatr Emerg Care 2023; 39:580-585. [PMID: 37391189 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has shown racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in provider medical evaluations and reporting to child protective services (CPS) and law enforcement (LE) for cases of suspected child physical abuse. Our hospital standardized evaluation and reporting of high-risk bruising using a clinical pathway. We aimed to assess whether standardization impacted disparity. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational study including children evaluated in the emergency department who had a social work consult for concern for child abuse or neglect between June 2012 and December 2019. From this group, we identified children with high-risk bruising. We compared outcomes (receipt of skeletal survey, CPS report, or LE report) before and after implementation of a standard bruising evaluation pathway to determine how the intervention changed practice among various racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. RESULTS During the study period, 2129 children presented to the ED and received a social work consult for child abuse or neglect. Of these, 333 had high-risk bruising. Children without private insurance had a higher risk of having a CPS (adjusted relative risk, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.60) or LE (adjusted relative risk, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.97) report prepathway, but not after pathway implementation. No significant associations were seen for race or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS A standardized clinical pathway for identification and evaluation of high-risk bruising may help to decrease socioeconomic disparities in reporting high-risk bruising. Larger studies are needed to fully evaluate disparities in assessment and reporting of child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Lowry
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
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Cockrell HC, Hrachovec J, Schnuck J, Nchinda N, Meehan J. Implementation of a Cryoablation-based Pain Management Protocol for Pectus Excavatum. J Pediatr Surg 2023:S0022-3468(23)00096-9. [PMID: 36894442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Nuss repair for pectus excavatum is associated with significant postoperative pain. Our institution developed protocols to standardize pain management for pectus excavatum patients in the immediate postoperative period. We present our experience with protocol implementation and patient outcomes. METHODS We standardized regional anesthesia with a 0.25% bupivacaine incisional soaker catheter (post-implementation 1, PI1) before transitioning to intercostal nerve cryoablation (INC) (post-implementation 2, PI2). Patient outcomes were tracked using statistical process control charts in AdaptX™ OR Advisor and run charts in Tableau. Chi-squared tests assessed demographic differences between cohorts. RESULTS 244 patients were included: 78 pre-implementation, 108 PI1, and 58 PI2. Average age was 15.9-16.5 years. Patients were majority male, non-Hispanic white, and English speaking. Hospital length of stay decreased 4.1-2.4 days. INC increased surgery time (99-125 min) but decreased PACU time (112-78 min). Maximum pain scores improved in PACU (7.7-6.0) and 0-24 h postoperatively (8.3-6.8) but were not different 24-48 h postoperatively (5.4-5.8). Average opioid dosing decreased 0-48 h from 1.9 to 0.8 mg/kg morphine milliequivalents and was associated with reduction in post-operative nausea and constipation. There were no 30-day readmissions. CONCLUSION An institution-wide pain management protocol using INC for pectus excavatum patients was implemented. Intercostal nerve cryoablation was found to be superior to bupivacaine incisional soaker catheters and reduced hospital length of stay, immediate postoperative pain scores, morphine milliequivalent opioid dosing, postoperative nausea, and constipation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Cockrell
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Box 356410, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jennifer Hrachovec
- Center for Quality & Patient Safety, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Jamie Schnuck
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Box 356410, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nzuekoh Nchinda
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Box 356410, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - John Meehan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Box 356410, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Hauser Chatterjee J, Hartford EA, Law E, Barry D, Blume H. Sumatriptan as a First-Line Treatment for Headache in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 142:68-75. [PMID: 36958085 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Headache is a common presenting condition for patients seen in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Intranasal (IN) sumatriptan is a well-tolerated and safe abortive treatment for migraine headache, but it is infrequently administered in pediatric EDs. In this study we characterize an ED migraine pathway that uses IN sumatriptan as a first-line treatment. METHODS We performed retrospective chart analysis from a single center, reviewing a cohort of patients treated on an ED migraine pathway between October 2016 and February 2020. We reviewed patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, change in pain scores, sumatriptan prescriptions at discharge, length of stay (LOS), ED charges, and unexpected return visits. RESULTS A total of 558 patients (aged six to 21 years, 66% female) were included in this study. Overall, the median pretreatment pain score was 7 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5 to 8) and the median post-treatment pain score was 2 (IQR: 0 to 4). Forty-eight percent of patients received IN sumatriptan in the ED, and 36% of those who received sumatriptan were prescribed oral sumatriptan at discharge. When intravenous (IV) access was obtained for headache management, this was associated with a significantly longer LOS and higher ED charges. CONCLUSIONS IN sumatriptan shows promise as a feasible and potentially effective first-line treatment for pediatric migraine in the ED that could reduce the need for IV therapies, shorten LOS, and lower ED charges. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of IN sumatriptan relative to other common first-line therapies used to treat pediatric migraine in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hauser Chatterjee
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine and the Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Emily A Hartford
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily Law
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dwight Barry
- Clinical Analytics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Heidi Blume
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine and the Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Severity of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presentations in a Tertiary Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Qual Saf 2022; 7:e502. [PMID: 35369416 PMCID: PMC8970094 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More severe presentations of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have been reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, possibly due to avoidance of healthcare settings or reduced access to care. To date, no studies have utilized statistical process control to relate temporal COVID-19 events with DKA severity. Our objectives were (1) to determine whether the severity of pediatric DKA presentations changed during COVID-19 and (2) to temporally relate changes in severity with regional pandemic events. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of 175 patients younger than 18 years with DKA presenting to a pediatric emergency department in the United States between 5/1/2019 and 8/15/2020. As part of our ongoing clinical standard work in ED management of DKA, DKA severity measures, including presenting pH, the proportion of PICU admissions, and admission length of stay, were analyzed using statistical process control. Results During COVID-19, we found special cause variation with a downward shift in the mean pH on DKA presentation from 7.2 to 7.1 for all patients. The proportion of DKA patients requiring PICU admission increased from 34.2% to 54.6%. Changes temporally corresponded to the statewide bans on large events (3/11/2020), school closures (3/13/2020), and a reduction in our institution's emergency department volumes. Admission length of stay was unchanged. Conclusions Pediatric DKA presentations were more severe from March to June 2020, correlating with regional COVID-19 events. Future quality improvement interventions to reduce delayed presentations during COVID-19 surges or other natural disasters should target accessibility of care and public education regarding the importance of timely care for symptoms.
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Alsaedi H, Lutfi R, Abu-Sultaneh S, Montgomery EE, Pearson KJ, Weinstein E, Whitfill T, Auerbach MA, Abulebda K. Improving the Quality of Clinical Care of Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis in General Emergency Departments Following a Collaborative Improvement Program with an Academic Medical Center. J Pediatr 2022; 240:235-240.e1. [PMID: 34481806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a collaborative initiative between a group of general emergency departments (EDs) and an academic medical center (AMC) on the process of care provided to patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) across these EDs. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study (January 2015 to December 2018) of all pediatric patients <18 years who presented with DKA to participating EDs and were subsequently admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit at the AMC. Our multifaceted intervention included simulation with postsimulation debriefing, targeted assessment reports, distribution of DKA best practices, pediatric DKA module, and scheduled check-in visits. The process of clinical care was measured by adherence to the pediatric DKA 9-item checklist. Adherence was scored based on the number of items performed correctly and calculated using equal weight for items and dividing by the total number of items. Patients' clinical outcomes also were collected. RESULTS A total of 85 patients with DKA were included in the analysis; 38 patients were in the preintervention, and 47 were in the postintervention. There was a statistically significant improvement in adherence to the DKA checklist from 77.8% to 88.9%. Two of the 9 checklist items (hourly glucose check and appropriate fluid rate) showed statistically significant improvement. No significant change in patient clinical outcomes was noted. CONCLUSIONS Our collaborative initiative resulted in significant improvements in adherence to pediatric DKA best practices across a group of general EDs. A collaborative approach between general EDs and AMCs is an effective improvement strategy for pediatric emergency care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Alsaedi
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Riad Lutfi
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Samer Abu-Sultaneh
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Erin E Montgomery
- LifeLine Critical Care Transport, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kellie J Pearson
- LifeLine Critical Care Transport, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elizabeth Weinstein
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Travis Whitfill
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc A Auerbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kamal Abulebda
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN.
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Kichloo A, El-Amir Z, Wani F, Shaka H. Hospitalizations for ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus, 2008 to 2018. Proc AMIA Symp 2022; 35:1-5. [PMID: 34970023 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1978741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiological trends, outcomes in hospitalized patients, and the disease burden of hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This was a retrospective interrupted trends study involving hospitalizations for DKA in patients with T1DM in the US from 2008 to 2018 using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The total number of hospitalizations during each calendar year was obtained, and trends in inpatient mortality rate, mean length of hospital stay (LOS), and mean total hospital cost (THC) were calculated. Between 2008 and 2018, there was a trend toward increasing hospitalizations for T1DM with DKA (P-trend <0.001). Over the decade, there was a steady rise in the proportion of patients with a Charlson comorbidity index >1. There was no statistically significant change in adjusted inpatient mortality in patients with T1DM admitted for DKA over the study period despite an apparent trend of a decreasing crude mortality rate (P-trend = 0.063). There was a statistically significant decrease in both LOS and THC over the study period. In conclusion, there was a significant decrease in both LOS and THC, potentially reflecting improvements in the management of DKA in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Kichloo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, Michigan.,Department of Medicine, Samaritan Medical Center, Watertown, New York
| | - Zain El-Amir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, Michigan
| | - Farah Wani
- Department of Medicine, Samaritan Medical Center, Watertown, New York
| | - Hafeez Shaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stronger Jr. Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
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Darrat M, Gilmartin B, Kennedy C, Smith D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in a case of diabetic ketoacidosis requiring ECMO support. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2021; 2021:EDM200192. [PMID: 34236038 PMCID: PMC8284957 DOI: 10.1530/edm-20-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rare but life-threatening complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We present the case of a young female, with no previous diagnosis of diabetes, presenting in DKA complicated by ARDS requiring extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) ventilator support. This case report highlights the importance of early recognition of respiratory complications of severe DKA and their appropriate management. LEARNING POINTS ARDS is a very rare but life-threatening complication in DKA. The incidence of ARDS remains unknown but less frequent than cerebral oedema in DKA. The mechanism of ARDS in DKA has multifactorial aetiology, including genetic predisposition. Early recognition and consideration of rare pulmonary complication of DKA can increase survival rate and provide very satisfactory outcomes. DKA patients who present with refractory ARDS can be successfully rescued by ECMO support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Darrat
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Gilmartin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carmel Kennedy
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid Smith
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Weinberger K, Seick Barbarini D, Simma B. Adherence to Guidelines in the Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children: An Austrian Survey. Pediatr Emerg Care 2021; 37:245-249. [PMID: 30045350 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the adherence of Austrian physicians to International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes guidelines 2009 concerning treatment in diabetic ketoacidosis and whether there is a difference between specialty (endocrinologists or intensivists) or clinical experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS An online questionnaire was sent to members of the working groups of the Austrian Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. RESULTS Of 106 questionnaires, 56 were included in the analysis. The mean ± SD overall adherence was 60 ± 23.5%. Endocrinologists showed a nonsignificant higher result, related to a significant higher adherence regarding the amount of fluids (P < 0.05) and tendency to bicarbonate use (P = 0.052) respectively. No differences were found between participants with different clinical experience. All gave crystalloids, 55% administered initial bolus of 10 to 20 mL/kg per hour, 58% used 1.5 to 2 times fluid maintenance, 87% started insulin after first fluid bolus, 28% gave 0.05 and 0.1 IE/kg per hour to infants and children respectively, and 43% 0.05 IE/kg per hour to all patients. When blood glucose falls, 53% gave glucose and 47% reduced insulin. In cerebral edema, 46% gave at least 2 of 3 recommended measures (fluid reduction, mannitol, or hypertonic saline). In acidosis (pH <6.9), 25% administered bicarbonate (as per guideline) and 52.9% never gave bicarbonate. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the actual guidelines is 60% and does neither depend on speciality nor on clinical routine. Essential treatment measures (eg, amount of fluids, consequence of rapid glucose fall, bicarbonate use) are not commonly known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Weinberger
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
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13
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Crumm CE, Brown EC, Thomas-Smith S, Yu DT, Metz JB, Feldman KW. Evaluation of an Emergency Department High-risk Bruising Screening Protocol. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-002444. [PMID: 33653877 PMCID: PMC8015159 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes of implementing a high-risk bruise screening pathway in a pediatric emergency department (ED). METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed of children aged 0 to <48 months who presented to the ED between December 1, 2016, and April 1, 2019, and had bruising that is high-risk for physical abuse on a nurse screening examination. A high-risk bruise was defined as any bruise if aged <6 months or a bruise to the torso, ears, or neck if aged 6 to <48 months. Records of children with provider-confirmed high-risk bruising were reviewed. RESULTS Of the 49 726 age-eligible children presenting to the ED, 43 771 (88%) were screened for bruising. Seven hundred eighty-three (1.8%) of those children had positive screen results and 163 (0.4%) had provider-confirmed high-risk bruising. Of the 8635 infants aged <6 months who were screened, 48 (0.6%) had high-risk bruising and 24 of 48 (50%) were classified as cases of likely or definite abuse. Skeletal surveys were performed in 29 of 48 (60%) infants, and 11 of 29 (38%) had occult fracture. Of the 35 136 children aged 6 to <48 months who were screened, 115 of 35 136 (0.3%) had high-risk bruising and 32 of 115 (28%) were classified as cases of likely or definite abuse. CONCLUSIONS High-risk bruising was rarely present. When infants aged <6 months were evaluated per recommendations, occult fracture was identified in one-third of patients. The screening pathway could help other institutions identify occult injuries in pediatric ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Crumm
- Seattle Children’s Hospital and,Divisions of General Pediatrics and
| | - Emily C.B. Brown
- Seattle Children’s Hospital and,Divisions of General Pediatrics and
| | - Siobhan Thomas-Smith
- Seattle Children’s Hospital and,Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Daniel T.Y. Yu
- Seattle Children’s Hospital and,Divisions of General Pediatrics and
| | - James B. Metz
- Divisions of Pediatric Hospitalist Medicine and Child Abuse Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Vermont Children’s Hospital, Burlington, Vermont
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14
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Moffett BS, Allen J, Khichi M, McCann-Crosby B. Impact of Body Habitus on the Outcomes of Pediatric Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:194-199. [PMID: 33603584 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether obese and overweight pediatric patients with new onset diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) treated with continuous infusion insulin have increased time to subcutaneous insulin initiation or adverse events as compared with patients with normal body habitus. METHODS A retrospective, cohort study was designed that included patients 2 to 18 years of age admitted with new onset DKA who received continuous infusion insulin from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017. Patients were stratified according to BMI percentile with the primary outcome of time to initiation of subcutaneous insulin. Secondary endpoints included time to minimum beta-hydroxybutyrate, and incidence of hypoglycemia or other adverse events. RESULTS A total of 337 patients (46.6% male, 9.6 ± 3.8 years of age) met study criteria. Patients were classified by body habitus as obese (7.7%, n = 26), overweight (7.1%, n = 24), normal body weight (58.8%, n = 198), or underweight (26.4%, n = 89), based on BMI percentile. Most patients were initiated on insulin at 0.1 unit/kg/hr (86.7%) for 16.7 ± 7.0 hours. Time from continuous infusion insulin initiation to subcutaneous insulin was not different between body habitus groups, nor was hypoglycemia or the use of mannitol (p > 0.05). Median time to lowest beta-hydroxybutyrate was greater for obese (26.4, IQR [13.9, 41.9]) and overweight (32.4, IQR [18.3, 47.0]) groups than for normal body habitus patients (16.5, IQR [12.3, 23.8]) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Time to subcutaneous insulin and adverse events was not associated with body habitus, but obese and overweight patients may have delayed beta-hydroxybutyrate clearance.
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15
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Temporal patterns of hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245012. [PMID: 33411822 PMCID: PMC7790255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the temporal patterns of hospitalizations with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the pediatric population and their associated fiscal impact. Methods The Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File was used to identify hospitalizations of state residents aged 1month-19 years with a primary diagnosis of DKA during 2005–2014. Temporal changes of population-adjusted hospitalization rates and hospitalization volumes were examined for the whole cohort and on stratified analyses of sociodemographic attributes. Changes in the aggregate and per-hospitalization charges were assessed overall and on stratified analyses. Results There were 24,072 DKA hospitalizations during the study period. The population-adjusted hospitalization rate for the whole cohort increased from 31.3 to 35.9 per 100,000 between 2005–2006 and 2013–2014. Hospitalization volume increased by 30.2% over the same period, driven mainly by males, ethnic minorities, those with Medicaid insurance and uninsured patients. The aggregate hospital charges increased from approximately $69 million to $130 million between 2005–2006 and 2013–2014, with 66% of the rise being due to increased per-hospitalization charges. Conclusions There was progressive rise in pediatric DKA hospitalizations over the last decade, with concurrent near-doubling of the associated fiscal footprint. Marked disparities were noted in the increasing hospitalization burden of DKA, born predominantly by racial and ethnic minorities, as well as by the underinsured and the uninsured. Further studies are needed to identify scalable preventive measures to achieve an equitable reduction of pediatric DKA events.
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16
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Vyas AK, Chan YM, Oud L. Variation in Utilization of Intensive Care for Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis. J Intensive Care Med 2019; 35:1314-1322. [PMID: 31409186 DOI: 10.1177/0885066619868972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the hospital-level variation in intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and quantify the relative contribution of patient and hospital characteristics versus individual hospital factors to the variation in ICU admission rates among pediatric hospitalizations with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). METHODS The Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File was used to identify hospitalizations of state residents aged 1 month to 19 years with a primary diagnosis of DKA between 2005 and 2014. Multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regression modeling was performed to examine the association of patient- and hospital-level factors with ICU admission. Risk and reliability adjustment was then performed to assess hospital-level variation in ICU utilization. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to quantify variation in use of ICU attributable to individual hospitals. The association between adjusted rates of ICU admission and total hospital charges and length of stay was examined using linear regression. RESULTS Of the 23 585 DKA hospitalizations, 14 638 (62.1%) were admitted to ICU. On multilevel analysis, the odds of ICU admission progressively decreased with rising volume of DKA hospitalizations (adjusted odds ratio: 0.08 [highest vs lowest quartile]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.24). The crude median (interquartile range [IQR]; range) of ICU admissions across hospitals was 82.6% (73%-90%; 11.1%-100%). The median (IQR) risk- and reliability-adjusted ICU admission rate was 81.0% (73.0%-86.9%), ranging from 11.2% to 94%. Following risk and reliability adjustment, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.005 (95% CI: 0.004-0.006). For each 10% increase in adjusted ICU admission rate, total hospital charges rose by 7% (95% CI: 3%-11%). There was no association between ICU admission rates and hospital length of stay. CONCLUSION Although high variation in ICU utilization was noted across hospitals among pediatric DKA hospitalizations, the proportion of variation attributable to individual hospitals was negligible, once adjusted for patient mix and hospital characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita K Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, 12344Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA.,436933California Northstate University, College of Human Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Yiu Ming Chan
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, 12343The University of Texas at the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Lavi Oud
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
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17
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Amer YS, Al Nemri A, Osman ME, Saeed E, Assiri AM, Mohamed S. Perception, attitude, and satisfaction of paediatric physicians and nurses towards clinical practice guidelines at a university teaching hospital. J Eval Clin Pract 2019; 25:543-549. [PMID: 29611621 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES To explore perception, attitude, and satisfaction of paediatric clinicians, trainees, and nurses at King Khalid University Hospital towards clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) including the locally adapted diabetic ketoacidosis CPG (DKA-CPG). METHODS A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 260 doctors and nurses working in the paediatrics department. RESULTS The response rate was 95.4%. The respondents had a positive perception and attitude towards general CPGs and specifically for the DKA-CPG; 98.7% thought CPGs were useful sources of advice, improved safety, and decreased risk, and reduced variation in practice. A total of 99.2% thought CPGs were good clinical tools, 98.3% satisfied with, had confidence in well-developed CPGs, and would recommend them to their colleagues to use, and 94.6% agreed they were cost-effective. The preferred format for CPGs was paper (46.6%) and electronic (42.9%). The DKA-CPG helped in managing patients and respondents were all satisfied and had confidence with it (100%). The rationale and objectives of the DKA-CPG were clear for 99.25%; 98.5% thought the layout was clear and well organized and user-friendly (96.2%). Compared with nurses, physicians had a higher perception towards CPGs in general (P < .05) and the DKA-CPG (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The paediatric doctors, and nurses have a great perception and satisfaction and positive attitude towards CPGs in general, towards the paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis CPG in particular, which in turn had a positive impact on the acceptability and implementation of the CPGs. These findings could help in sustaining a safe and high-quality health care environment through implementation of evidence-based CPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Sami Amer
- Quality Management Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Alexandria Centre for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, Alexandria University Medical Council, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Al Nemri
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elfaki Osman
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshazaly Saeed
- Prince Abdullah Bin Khalid Celiac Disease Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Mohamed Assiri
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Abdullah Bin Khalid Celiac Disease Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarar Mohamed
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Abdullah Bin Khalid Celiac Disease Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Paediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Flood K, Nour M, Holt T, Cattell V, Krochak C, Inman M. Implementation and Evaluation of a Diabetic Ketoacidosis Order Set in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Quality-Improvement Initiative. Can J Diabetes 2019; 43:297-303. [PMID: 30777707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite published clinical practice guidelines in pediatrics for the use of a standardized diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) protocol, our centre lacked an accepted, evidence-informed protocol for pediatric DKA management. Our primary aim was to attain broad clinical uptake of a DKA order set. Secondary aims included improved standard-of-care DKA management principles regarding fluid, potassium and dextrose administration. METHODS A pediatric multidisciplinary collaborative was created to examine evidence for the development and implementation of a DKA order set. A modified plan-do-study-act cycle guided by end-user feedback and early clinical outcomes allowed progressive order-set modifications and hospitalwide implementation. RESULTS We achieved 83% uptake of the order set for patients presenting to our tertiary centre and 67% uptake for patients transferred from peripheral centres. Following the implementation of the DKA order set, we observed improvements in DKA management, which included more appropriate intravenous (IV) replacement fluid rates (30% vs. 55.1%; p=0.03); earlier administration of potassium to IV fluids (66% vs. 93.1%; p=0.006); more appropriate potassium chloride dosing to IV fluid (40% vs. 79.3%; p=0.0007) and earlier addition of IV dextrose (67.4% vs. 93.1%; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a DKA order set in a tertiary hospital required identification of key stakeholders, formation of a multidisciplinary team and the development of an evaluation process. There was an observed increase in physician order-set uptake and DKA management practice improvements. Future goals involve expanding the implementation and evaluation process to provincial regional and remote centres and analyzing the impact on resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Flood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Munier Nour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tanya Holt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Vicki Cattell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carla Krochak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mark Inman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Horvat CM, Ismail HM, Au AK, Garibaldi L, Siripong N, Kantawala S, Aneja RK, Hupp DS, Kochanek PM, Clark RSB. Presenting predictors and temporal trends of treatment-related outcomes in diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:985-992. [PMID: 29573523 PMCID: PMC6863166 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines temporal trends in treatment-related outcomes surrounding a diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) performance improvement intervention consisting of mandated intensive care unit admission and implementation of a standardized management pathway, and identifies physical and biochemical characteristics associated with outcomes in this population. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 1225 children with DKA were identified in the electronic health record by international classification of diseases codes and a minimum pH less than 7.3 during hospitalization at a quaternary children's hospital between April, 2009 and May, 2016. Multivariable regression examined predictors and trends of hypoglycemia, central venous line placement, severe hyperchloremia, head computed tomography (CT) utilization, treated cerebral edema and hospital length of stay (LOS). RESULTS The incidence of severe hyperchloremia and head CT utilization decreased during the study period. Among patients with severe DKA (presenting pH < 7.1), the intervention was associated with decreasing LOS and less variability in LOS. Lower pH at presentation was independently associated with increased risk for all outcomes except hypoglycemia, which was associated with higher pH. Patients treated for cerebral edema had a lower presenting mean systolic blood pressure z score (0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.02-1.17] vs 1.23 [1.13-1.33]) and a higher maximum mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) z score during hospitalization (3.75 [3.19-4.31] vs 2.48 [2.38-2.58]) compared to patients not receiving cerebral edema treatment. Blood pressure and cerebral edema remained significantly associated after covariate adjustment. CONCLUSION Treatment-related outcomes improved over the entire study period and following a performance improvement intervention. The association of SBP with cerebral edema warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Horvat
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Brain Care Institute, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Heba M. Ismail
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alicia K. Au
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Brain Care Institute, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Luigi Garibaldi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nalyn Siripong
- The Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sajel Kantawala
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Brain Care Institute, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rajesh K. Aneja
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Diane S. Hupp
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Brain Care Institute, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert S. B. Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Brain Care Institute, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
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20
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Ronsley R, Islam N, Ronsley C, Metzger DL, Panagiotopoulos C. Adherence to a pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis protocol in children presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:333-338. [PMID: 28664545 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review adherence to a provincial diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) protocol and to assess factors associated with intravenous fluid administration and the length time on an insulin infusion. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of all DKA admissions to British Columbia Children's Hospital (BCCH) during September 2008 to December 2013. Data collection included diabetes history, estimation of dehydration, insulin and fluid infusion rates, and frequency of laboratory investigations. Markers of adherence included appropriate use of a fluid bolus, normal saline and insulin infusion time, fluid intake and outputs, and the frequency of blood work during the insulin infusion. A log-linear regression model was fitted to assess the factors associated with insulin infusion duration. RESULTS Of 157 children (median [interquartile range] age: 10.6 years [5.0, 13.8]) hospitalized for DKA, 45% (n = 70) were male, 55% (n = 86) were transferred from other hospitals, and 26% (n = 40) were admitted to intensive care unit. Thirty-five percent of subjects estimated to have mild or moderate dehydration received fluid boluses. In the adjusted analysis, the average duration on DKA protocol was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12%, 67%) longer for children admitted with severe dehydration (compared to those with mild dehydration). CONCLUSIONS Health care providers' adherence to the BCCH DKA protocol is poor. More severe dehydration at presentation is associated with longer duration of insulin infusion. Further knowledge translation initiatives focused on accurate estimation of volume depletion to ensure appropriate initial fluid resuscitation-as well as careful monitoring during DKA hospitalization-are important, especially in community centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ronsley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nazrul Islam
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Claire Ronsley
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel L Metzger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Constadina Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Rooholamini SN, Clifton H, Haaland W, McGrath C, Vora SB, Crowell CS, Romero H, Foti J. Outcomes of a Clinical Pathway to Standardize Use of Maintenance Intravenous Fluids. Hosp Pediatr 2017; 7:703-709. [PMID: 29162640 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improper use of maintenance intravenous fluids (IVFs) may cause serious hospital-acquired harm. We created an evidence-based clinical pathway to guide providers on the indications for IVF, its preferred composition, and appropriate clinical monitoring. METHODS Pathway implementation was supported by the creation of an electronic order set (PowerPlan) and hospital-wide education. Outcomes were measured among pathway-eligible patients for the years before (July 1, 2014-June 30, 2015) and after (July 1, 2015-June 30, 2016) implementation. An interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate monthly trends related to IVF use, including the following: median duration, proportions of isotonic and hypotonic IVF, adherence to monitoring recommendations, incidence of associated severe dysnatremia, potassium-containing IVF use in the emergency department, and costs. RESULTS There were 11 602 pathway-eligible encounters (10 287 patients) across the study. Median IVF infusion hours did not change. Isotonic maintenance IVF use increased significantly from 9.3% to 50.6%, whereas the use of any hypotonic fluid decreased from 94.2% to 56.6%. There were significant increases in daily weight measurement and recommended serum sodium testing. Cases of dysnatremia increased from 2 to 4 among pathway-eligible patients and were mostly associated with hypotonic IVF use. Patients in the emergency department had a significant increase in the number of potassium-containing IVF bags (52.9% to 75.3%). Total hospitalization and laboratory test costs did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of outcomes of a clinical pathway to standardize IVF use. Implementation was feasible in both medical and surgical units, with sustained improvements for 1 year. Future improvement work includes increasing PowerPlan use and developing clinical assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar N Rooholamini
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
| | - Holly Clifton
- Clinical Effectiveness Program, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wren Haaland
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Caitlin McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Surabhi B Vora
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Effectiveness Program, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Claudia S Crowell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Effectiveness Program, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Holly Romero
- Department of Pediatrics, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Wailuku, Hawaii
| | - Jeffrey Foti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Effectiveness Program, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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Hannon TS, Dugan TM, Saha CK, McKee SJ, Downs SM, Carroll AE. Effectiveness of Computer Automation for the Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171:327-334. [PMID: 28192551 PMCID: PMC5972516 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Importance Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly common in young individuals. Primary prevention and screening among children and adolescents who are at substantial risk for T2D are recommended, but implementation of T2D screening practices in the pediatric primary care setting is uncommon. Objective To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a computerized clinical decision support system to identify pediatric patients at high risk for T2D and to coordinate screening for and diagnosis of prediabetes and T2D. Design, Setting, and Participants This cluster-randomized clinical trial included patients from 4 primary care pediatric clinics. Two clinics were randomized to the computerized clinical decision support intervention, aimed at physicians, and 2 were randomized to the control condition. Patients of interest included children, adolescents, and young adults 10 years or older. Data were collected from January 1, 2013, through December 1, 2016. Interventions Comparison of physician screening and follow-up practices after adding a T2D module to an existing computer decision support system. Main Outcomes and Measures Electronic medical record (EMR) data from patients 10 years or older were reviewed to determine the rates at which pediatric patients were identified as having a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 85th percentile and 2 or more risk factors for T2D and underwent screening for T2D. Results Medical records were reviewed for 1369 eligible children (712 boys [52.0%] and 657 girls [48.0%]; median [interquartile range] age, 12.9 [11.2-15.3]), of whom 684 were randomized to the control group and 685 to the intervention group. Of these, 663 (48.4%) had a BMI at or above the 85th percentile. Five hundred sixty-five patients (41.3%) met T2D screening criteria, with no difference between control and intervention sites. The T2D module led to a significant increase in the percentage of patients undergoing screening for T2D (89 of 283 [31.4%] vs 26 of 282 [9.2%]; adjusted odds ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.5-14.7) and a greater proportion attending a scheduled follow-up appointment (45 of 153 [29.4%] vs 38 of 201 [18.9%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5-2.2). Conclusions and Relevance Use of a computerized clinical decision support system to automate the identification and screening of pediatric patients at high risk for T2D can help overcome barriers to the screening process. The support system significantly increased screening among patients who met the American Diabetes Association criteria and adherence to follow-up appointments with primary care clinicians. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01814787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Hannon
- Indiana Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Tamara M Dugan
- Indiana Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Chandan K Saha
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Steven J McKee
- Indiana Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Stephen M Downs
- Indiana Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Aaron E Carroll
- Indiana Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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23
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Al Nemri A, Amer YS, Gasim H, Osman ME, Aleyadhy A, Al Otaibi H, Iqbal SM, Aljurayyan NA, Assiri AM, Babiker A, Mohamed S. Substantial reduction in hospital stay of children and adolescents with diabetic ketoacidosis after implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Eval Clin Pract 2017; 23:173-177. [PMID: 27896902 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) implementation on length of hospital stay of children and adolescents with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). METHODS This was a 6-year (2008-2014) case-control retrospective study conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, that compared patients with DKA managed using CPG with those treated before CPG implementation. RESULTS There were 63 episodes of DKA in 41 patients managed using CPG compared with 40 episodes in 33 patients treated before implementation of CPG. Baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were similar (age, sex, newly diagnosed patients, recurrent DKA, DKA severity, and mean glycosylated hemoglobin). The mean length of hospital stay (±SD) was 68.6 ± 53.1 hours after implementation of CPG compared with 107.4 ± 65.6 hours before implementation (P < .001). The reduction in length of hospital stay equals to 1700 bed days saved per year per 1000 patients. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of CPG for DKA decreased the length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Al Nemri
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Sami Amer
- Quality Management, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,CPGs Steering Committee, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Gasim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elfaki Osman
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Aleyadhy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessah Al Otaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaikh Mohammed Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asaad M Assiri
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Abdullah bin Khalid Coeliac Disease Research Chair, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Babiker
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarar Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Hayward K, Haaland WL, Hrachovec J, Leu M, Vora S, Clifton H, Rascoff N, Crowell CS. Reliable Pregnancy Testing Before Intravenous Cyclophosphamide: A Quality Improvement Study. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-0378. [PMID: 27940668 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cyclophosphamide is a teratogenic medication used in the treatment of adolescents with autoimmune disorders. This adolescent population is sexually active, does not receive adequate contraceptive care, and is at risk for unintended pregnancy. We undertook a quality improvement initiative to improve rates of pregnancy screening before intravenous cyclophosphamide administration in our adolescent girl patients. METHODS Data were collected from the electronic medical record. The primary outcome was completion of a urine pregnancy test before intravenous cyclophosphamide infusion in girls aged 12 to 21 years between July 2011 and June 2015. Data were reviewed quarterly and an iterative quality improvement approach was used. Interventions included staff education, electronic order set updates, and a Maintenance of Certification project. Interrupted time series analysis and multivariable mixed effects logistic regression were used to evaluate trends over time and to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS Thirty girls received 153 cyclophosphamide infusions during the study. Pregnancy testing before medication administration increased from 25% to 100% by study completion. Infusions in the last time period were significantly more likely to be accompanied by a pregnancy test versus those in the first time period (odds ratio: 17.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1-101.6) after adjustment for patient age, managing service, infusion setting, and insurance type. CONCLUSIONS Our institution achieved a significant increase in standard pregnancy screening in adolescent girls receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide. The interventions most valuable in increasing screening rates were updating electronic order sets, educating staff, and physician engagement in the Maintenance of Certification program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wren L Haaland
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Jennifer Hrachovec
- Clinical Effectiveness, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Leu
- Departments of Pediatrics, and.,Clinical Effectiveness, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Surabhi Vora
- Departments of Pediatrics, and.,Clinical Effectiveness, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Holly Clifton
- Clinical Effectiveness, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Claudia S Crowell
- Departments of Pediatrics, and.,Clinical Effectiveness, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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25
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Outcomes Analysis and Quality Improvement in Children With Congenital and Acquired Cardiovascular Disease. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016; 17:S362-6. [PMID: 27490624 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this review, the current state of outcomes analysis and quality improvement in children with acquired and congenital cardiovascular disease will be discussed, with an emphasis on defining and measuring outcomes and quality in pediatric cardiac critical care medicine and risk stratification systems. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE and PubMed CONCLUSION : Measuring quality and outcomes in the pediatric cardiac critical care environment is challenging owing to many inherent obstacles, including a diverse patient mix, difficulty in determining how the care of the ICU team contributes to outcomes, and the lack of an adequate risk-adjustment method for pediatric cardiac critical care patients. Despite these barriers, new solutions are emerging that capitalize on lessons learned from other quality improvement initiatives, providing opportunities to build upon previous successes.
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26
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Chen NY, Wu S. When Intensive Care Is Too Intense: Variations in Standard Practices Across Hospital Acuity Levels. Hosp Pediatr 2016; 6:179-82. [PMID: 26908822 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2015-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Y Chen
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Susan Wu
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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27
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Ahmed S, Siegel CA, Melmed GY. Implementing quality measures for inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2015; 17:14. [PMID: 25762473 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-015-0437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Variation in care for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is present across multiple aspects of IBD management, suggesting overall poor quality of care. Quality indicators are intended to provide clear, measurable processes and outcomes of quality care. Initial sets of process and outcome measures have been developed to address areas of inconsistent care and to allow for standardized measurement of outcomes. Measures developed by the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) are intended to provide measurable standards for improvement in care. These measure sets will warrant updates overtime to best represent gaps in IBD management. Practically, implementation of quality measures may depend on the care setting and whether quality measurement and improvement can be incorporated into workflows and electronic medical records. Collaborative networks, utilization of care pathways, and standardized treatment algorithms may represent avenues for wide-scale implementation of quality improvement. Implementation efforts should assess the impact on outcomes in order to identify successful models for improvement in IBD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ahmed
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8730 Alden Dr 2E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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28
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Moghissi ES, Inzucchi SE, Mann KV, Byerly B, Ermentrout L, Juchniewicz JJD, Ferareza JH, Kirkwood N. Hyperglycemia grand rounds: descriptive findings of outcomes from a continuing education intervention to improve glycemic control and prevent hypoglycemia in the hospital setting. Hosp Pract (1995) 2015; 43:270-276. [PMID: 26524116 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2015.1103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hyperglycemia is common in the hospital in-patient setting and is associated with adverse outcomes. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) often fail to use best practices established to manage this condition or to coordinate care among team members. OBJECTIVES The objective of the Hyperglycemia Grand Rounds (HGR) continuing education initiative was to improve knowledge levels in a team setting, leading to improved clinical competence, evidence-based behaviors, and improved patient care. METHODS To achieve that goal, a four-module seminar series was presented to HCPs on-site in a "Grand Rounds" format at healthcare institutions across the United States. Outcomes data included satisfaction, learning, impact, and intent-to-implement measures at event time and at follow-up. At the site level, detailed questionnaires assessed skill gaps and expected outcomes from administrators at the time the modules were scheduled and the impact after modules were completed. Demographic information allowed identification of HCPs receiving maximum benefits; data on barriers to implementation are reported. RESULTS Seventy-eight percent of participants self-reported a positive impact on competence, performance, or patient outcomes. Forty percent of learners said they intended to make specific changes in practices. Eighty-two percent of administrators confirmed expected changes in their health system. The follow-up study concurred with the initial findings. CONCLUSION The HGR was an effective program in improving self-reported competence amongst attendees that could potentially lead to improved care. This descriptive report summarizes outcomes from 1 year of educational efforts to more than 2000 healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etie S Moghissi
- a David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Marina del Rey , CA , USA
| | - Silvio E Inzucchi
- b Section of Endocrinology , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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29
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Ayed S, Bouguerba A, Ahmed P, Barchazs J, Boukari M, Goldgran-Toledano D, Bornstain C, Vincent F. Les pièges de l’acidocétose diabétique. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-015-1113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Shin AY, Hu Z, Jin B, Lal S, Rosenthal DN, Efron B, Sharek PJ, Sutherland SM, Cohen HJ, McElhinney DB, Roth SJ, Ling XB. Exploring Value in Congenital Heart Disease: An Evaluation of Inpatient Admissions. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2015. [PMID: 26219731 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding value provides an important context for improvement. However, most health care models fail to measure value. Our objective was to categorize inpatient encounters within an academic congenital heart program based on clinical outcome and the cost to achieve the outcome (value). We aimed to describe clinical and nonclinical features associated with value. DESIGN We defined hospital encounters based on outcome per resource utilized. We performed principal component and cluster analysis to classify encounters based on mortality, length of stay, hospital cost and revenue into six classes. We used nearest shrunken centroid to identify discriminant features associated with the cluster-derived classes. These features underwent hierarchical clustering and multivariate analysis to identify features associated with each class. STUDY SETTING/PATIENTS We analyzed all patients admitted to an academic congenital heart program between September 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012. OUTCOME MEASURES/RESULTS A total of 2658 encounters occurred during the study period. Six classes were categorized by value. Low-performing value classes were associated with greater institutional reward; however, encounters with higher-performing value were associated with a loss in profitability. Encounters that included insertion of a pediatric ventricular assist device (log OR 2.5 [95% CI, 1.78 to 3.43]) and acquisition of a hospital-acquired infection (log OR 1.42 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.87]) were risk factors for inferior health care value. CONCLUSIONS Among the patients in our study, institutional reward was not associated with value. We describe a framework to target quality improvement and resource management efforts that can benefit patients, institutions, and payers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA.,Center for Quality and Clinical Effectiveness, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | - Zhongkai Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | - Sangeeta Lal
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | - David N Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | - Bradley Efron
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif, USA
| | - Paul J Sharek
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA.,Center for Quality and Clinical Effectiveness, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | | | - Harvey J Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | - Stephen J Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
| | - Xuefeng B Ling
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
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