1
|
Wenzel R. Buying my existence. Just $49, free shipping included. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:532-535. [PMID: 36808679 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
|
2
|
Avni C, Sinai D, Blasbalg U, Toren P. Discovering your presumed father is not your biological father: Psychiatric ramifications of independently uncovered non-paternity events resulting from direct-to-consumer DNA testing. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115142. [PMID: 36924584 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct-to-consumer DNA tests provide information on ancestry and family relations. Their increased use in recent years has led many to discover that their presumed father is not their biological father, a non-paternity event (NPE). We aimed to explore and quantify the psychiatric effects of discovering one's father's identity was misattributed. We distributed questionnaires in a private online community of individuals who learned they were NPEs. Questionnaires included clinical scales assessing depressive, anxiety, and panic symptomatology as well as background and personal details regarding participants' NPE discovery and demography. A total of 731 people participated. Results demonstrated increased levels of depression, anxiety, and panic symptoms relative to controls. Multiple factors influenced such effects, including demographics, background information, family members' reactions, and personal reactions. We identified a worsening relationship or attitude toward the mother as a risk factor for worse mental health. The ability to openly discuss the discovery and acceptance of it were identified as protective factors. This is the first paper to explore the psychiatric sequelae of discovering misattributed paternity in a large cohort. This unique psychosocial stressor is likely to become more common as direct-to-consumer DNA tests gain popularity, requiring the attention of mental health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Avni
- Clalit Health Services Community Division, Ramat-Chen Brull Mental Health Center, 9 Hatzvi St., Tel-Aviv District 6719709, Israel.
| | - Dana Sinai
- Clalit Health Services Community Division, Ramat-Chen Brull Mental Health Center, 9 Hatzvi St., Tel-Aviv District 6719709, Israel
| | - Uri Blasbalg
- Clalit Health Services Community Division, Ramat-Chen Brull Mental Health Center, 9 Hatzvi St., Tel-Aviv District 6719709, Israel
| | - Paz Toren
- Clalit Health Services Community Division, Ramat-Chen Brull Mental Health Center, 9 Hatzvi St., Tel-Aviv District 6719709, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pittman SP, Alam SM, Rosell T, Nangia AK. Infertility Counseling and Misattributed Paternity: When Should Physicians Become Involved in Family Affairs? THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ETHICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1086/jce2022332151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
The rapidly decreasing costs of generating genetic data sequencing and the ease of new DNA collection technologies have opened up new opportunities for anthropologists to conduct field-based genetic studies. An exciting aspect of this work comes from linking genetic data with the kinds of individual-level traits evolutionary anthropologists often rely on, such as those collected in long-term demographic and ethnographic studies. However, combining these two types of data raises a host of ethical questions related to the collection, analysis and reporting of such data. Here we address this conundrum by examining one particular case, the collection and analysis of paternity data. We are particularly interested in the logistics and ethics involved in genetic paternity testing in the localized settings where anthropologists often work. We discuss the particular issues related to paternity testing in these settings, including consent and disclosure, consideration of local identity and beliefs and developing a process of continued community engagement. We then present a case study of our own research in Namibia, where we developed a multi-tiered strategy for consent and community engagement, built around a double-blind procedure for data collection, analysis and reporting. Paternity testing in anthropology raises ethical and methodological issues. We summarize these and describe a novel double-blind method used in our work.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abou Tayoun A, Mason-Suares H. Considerations for whole exome sequencing unique to prenatal care. Hum Genet 2019; 139:1149-1159. [PMID: 31701237 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) is increasingly being used in the prenatal setting. The emerging data support the clinical utility of prenatal WES based on its diagnostic yield, which can be as high as 80% for certain ultrasound findings. However, detailed practice and laboratory guidelines, addressing the indications for prenatal WES and the surrounding technical, interpretation, ethical, and counseling issues, are still lacking. Herein, we review the literature and summarize the most recent findings and applications of prenatal WES. This review offers specialists and clinical genetic laboratorians a body of evidence and expert opinions that can serve as a resource to assist in their practice. Finally, we highlight the emerging technologies that promise a future of prenatal WES without the risks associated with invasive testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Mason-Suares
- Departments of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prero MY, Strenk M, Garrett J, Kessler A, Fanaroff JM, Lantos JD. Disclosure of Misattributed Paternity. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2018-3899. [PMID: 31097466 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common dilemmas faced by physicians and genetic counselors is the discovery of misattributed paternity. In this article, we present a case in which misattributed paternity was discovered as an incidental finding. Experts analyze the competing moral obligations that might dictate disclosure or nondisclosure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Y Prero
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Meghan Strenk
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jeremy Garrett
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ann Kessler
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Jonathan M Fanaroff
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - John D Lantos
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wright CF, Parker M, Lucassen AM. When genomic medicine reveals misattributed genetic relationships-the debate about disclosure revisited. Genet Med 2019; 21:97-101. [PMID: 29904162 PMCID: PMC6169736 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Accidental discovery of misattributed parentage is an age-old problem in clinical medicine, but the ability to detect it routinely has increased recently as a result of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies coupled with family sequencing studies. Problems arise at the clinical-research boundary, where policies and consent forms guaranteeing nondisclosure may conflict with standard clinical care. METHODS To examine the challenges of managing misattributed parentage within hybrid translational research studies, we used a case study of a developmentally delayed child with a candidate variant found through a large-scale trio genome sequencing study in which data from unrelated samples were routinely excluded. RESULTS We discuss whether genetic parentage should be explicitly confirmed during clinical validation, thus giving greater weight to the diagnosis according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics variant interpretation guidelines, and what tensions this approach would create. CONCLUSION We recommend that the possibility of finding and disclosing misattributed parentage should be addressed during the consent or pretest counseling process, and that clinical relevance should determine whether or not to disclose results in the clinic. This proposition has implications for research governance, and implies that it may not always be possible to uphold nondisclosure commitments as investigations move from research to clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - M Parker
- The Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities/Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A M Lucassen
- Clinical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McGuire AL, Moore Q, Majumder M, Walkiewicz M, Eng CM, Belmont JW, Nassef S, Darilek S, Rutherford K, Pereira S, Scherer SE, Sutton VR, Wolf D, Gibbs RA, Kahn R, Sanchez LA. The ethics of conducting molecular autopsies in cases of sudden death in the young. Genome Res 2016; 26:1165-9. [PMID: 27412853 PMCID: PMC5052042 DOI: 10.1101/gr.192401.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L McGuire
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Quianta Moore
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Rice University Baker Institute for Public Policy, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Mary Majumder
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Magdalena Walkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Christine M Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - John W Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Salma Nassef
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sandra Darilek
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Katie Rutherford
- Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stacey Pereira
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Steven E Scherer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dwayne Wolf
- Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Roger Kahn
- Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Luis A Sanchez
- Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hercher L, Jamal L. An old problem in a new age: Revisiting the clinical dilemma of misattributed paternity. Appl Transl Genom 2016; 8:36-39. [PMID: 27047759 PMCID: PMC4796701 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical genetics has wrestled with the problem of misattributed paternity for decades. While there are no clear directives on policy, surveys suggest that genetics professionals are inclined to avoid disclosure when possible. Changes associated with the increased use of genomic testing will alter the context and may limit the benefits of non-disclosure. Multi-site testing will preclude the uncertainty often associated with single-gene testing. Increased use of genetic testing in clinical and non-clinical settings will create new opportunities for the subsequent unmasking of misattributed relationships, as will the presence of test results in the electronic medical record. Family health history information will become more valuable as it is used more often and to better effect in risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment and reproductive decision-making. These changes associated with genomic testing increase the risks and decrease the benefits associated with the nondisclosure of misattributed paternity. For ethical and practical reasons, genetics professionals, and those who advise them, should consider a greater emphasis on the value of carefully planned disclosure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hercher
- Sarah Lawrence College, Joan H. Marks Graduate Program in Human Genetics, United States
| | - Leila Jamal
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Botkin JR, Belmont JW, Berg JS, Berkman BE, Bombard Y, Holm IA, Levy HP, Ormond KE, Saal HM, Spinner NB, Wilfond BS, McInerney JD. Points to Consider: Ethical, Legal, and Psychosocial Implications of Genetic Testing in Children and Adolescents. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:6-21. [PMID: 26140447 PMCID: PMC4570999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1995, the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) jointly published a statement on genetic testing in children and adolescents. In the past 20 years, much has changed in the field of genetics, including the development of powerful new technologies, new data from genetic research on children and adolescents, and substantial clinical experience. This statement represents current opinion by the ASHG on the ethical, legal, and social issues concerning genetic testing in children. These recommendations are relevant to families, clinicians, and investigators. After a brief review of the 1995 statement and major changes in genetic technologies in recent years, this statement offers points to consider on a broad range of test technologies and their applications in clinical medicine and research. Recommendations are also made for record and communication issues in this domain and for professional education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan S Berg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Bombard
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Howard M Saal
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mandava A, Millum J, Berkman BE. When Should Genome Researchers Disclose Misattributed Parentage? Hastings Cent Rep 2015; 45:28-36. [PMID: 25677868 DOI: 10.1002/hast.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Researchers need a decision-making framework about disclosing a finding of misattributed parentage that accounts for nonclinical factors like the effects of personal identity and familial relationships.
Collapse
|
12
|
Michie M, Allyse M. Findings of nonparentage: a case for autonomy. Pediatrics 2015; 135:e284-5. [PMID: 25554818 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Michie
- Assistant Adjunct Professor, University of California, San Francisco
| | | |
Collapse
|