1
|
Neonatal Nursing: Clinical Competencies and Education Guide, 8th edition. Nurs Womens Health 2024; 28:e75-e90. [PMID: 39001737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
This education guide provides a framework for educational content and skills verification for nurses who provide evidence-based care for newborns and infants.
Collapse
|
2
|
Horne RS, Harrewijn I, Hunt CE. Physiology during sleep in preterm infants: Implications for increased risk for the sudden infant death syndrome. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 78:101990. [PMID: 39116607 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks of completed gestation) worldwide annually. Although neonatal and perinatal medicine have contributed to the increased survival rate of preterm newborn infants, premature infants are at increased risk of mortality in the first years of life. Infants born preterm are at four times the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) compared to infants born at term. SIDS is believed to be multifactorial in origin. The Triple Risk hypothesis has been proposed to explain this. The model suggests that when a vulnerable infant, such as one born preterm, is at a critical but unstable developmental period in homeostatic control, death may occur if exposed to an exogenous stressor, such as being placed prone for sleep. The highest risk period is at ages 2-4 months, with 90 % of deaths occurring before 6 months. The final pathway to SIDS is widely believed to involve some combination of immature cardiorespiratory control and a failure of arousal from sleep. This review will focus on the physiological factors which increase the risk for SIDS in preterm infants and how these factors may be identified and potentially lead to effective preventative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl E Hunt
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neonatal Nursing: Clinical Competencies and Education Guide, 8th edition. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2024:S0884-2175(24)00049-2. [PMID: 39001777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This education guide provides a framework for educational content and skills verification for nurses who provide evidence-based care for newborns and infants.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Li Y, Qian L, Han P, Feng H, Jiang H. Mothers' experiences of breast milk expression during separation from their hospitalized infants: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:124. [PMID: 38341542 PMCID: PMC10858471 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mother-infant separation, which is occurring with an increasing incidence, is a barrier to direct breastfeeding. Owing to the importance of breast milk to hospitalized infants, mothers are actively encouraged to express milk during their infants' neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. However, mothers are often faced with a number of challenges in this process. There is a need to understand such mothers' real-life experiences of breast milk expression to develop supportive strategies to reduce the burden on mothers and increase breastfeeding rates. METHODS A comprehensive search of 12 databases was conducted for relevant studies published from database construction to December 2022. All qualitative and mixed-method studies published in English and Chinese that reported on mothers' experiences of human milk expression during separation from their hospitalized infants were included. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. The process of searching followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The JBI Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess study quality and the credibility of study findings. Meta-aggregation was performed to integrate the results. RESULTS This systematic review aggregated mothers' experiences of milk expression during separation from their hospitalized infants. Database search yielded 600 records, of which 19 full-text documents were screened. Finally, 13 studies of good quality were included with data from 332 mothers across seven countries. A total of 61 primary findings with illustrations were extracted from the 13 eligible studies, the findings were generalized into 16 categories, and further were concluded as four synthesized findings: purpose and motivation, physical and emotional experiences, barrier factors, and coping styles. CONCLUSION Mothers were driven by extrinsic motivation in their decision to express breast milk. They experienced physical exhaustion and many negative emotional feelings while expressing. This process was affected by numerous barriers. Social support was essential to the initiation and maintenance of milk expression. Medical staff and families should pay more attention to the mental health of mothers with infants in the NICU. Future research should incorporate strategies to cope with emotional responses and offer practical strategies for managing milk expression. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION [ www.crd.york.ac.uk ], identifier [PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022383080].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Nursing Department, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Peng Han
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haoxue Feng
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Nursing Department, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hwang SS, Weikel BW, Palau MA, Greenfield JC, Klawetter S, Neu M, Roybal KL, Scott J, Shah P, Bourque SL. NICU Visitation Time and Adherence to Safe Sleep Practices Among Mothers of Very Preterm Infants. Adv Neonatal Care 2023; 23:365-376. [PMID: 37036938 PMCID: PMC10524197 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep-associated infant death is the leading cause of postneonatal mortality in the United States. Preterm infants are at higher risk for sleep-associated death, but maternal adherence to safe sleep practices is lower than for mothers of full-term infants. Data are lacking on whether maternal neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) visitation time impacts safe sleep compliance after hospital discharge. PURPOSE For mothers of preterm infants, to investigate the association of time days per week spent in the NICU and adherence to safe sleep practices after discharge. METHODS A prospective observational study of 109 mothers with infants born at less than 32 weeks from 4 Colorado NICUs who completed a survey at 6 weeks after discharge about infant sleep practices. Maternal time spent in the NICU was defined as the average number of days spent in the NICU per week of infant hospitalization, as documented in the electronic medical record. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the relationship between time in the NICU and safe sleep adherence. Covariates included maternal/infant characteristics significant at P < .2 level in bivariate analysis. RESULTS Predictors of compliance with all safe infant sleep practices included public/no insurance compared with private insurance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-0.96), some college/associate-level education versus bachelor's degree (AOR 5.88; 95% CI 1.21-28.67), and depression/anxiety symptoms (AOR 0.37; 95% CI 0.14-0.97). NICU visitation days was not associated with adherence to safe sleep practices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH Maternal visitation days was not associated with adherence to safe infant sleep practices after discharge, highlighting the need to identify barriers and facilitators to engaging families about SUID risk-reducing behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunah S Hwang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (Drs Hwang, Palau, and Bourque and Mss Weikel and Scott); Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado (Dr Greenfield and Mss Roybal and Shah); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon (Dr Klawetter); and College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Aurora (Dr Neu)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kadakia S, Isaiah A, El-Metwally D. Effects of semi-upright swings on vital signs in NICU infants. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:953-958. [PMID: 35752692 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a semi-upright swing with a standard crib on vital signs in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS We performed a within-subjects' comparison of vital signs of NICU infants corrected to ≥34 weeks of gestation and placed in the supine position versus the semi-upright position in a swing. The primary outcome was the mean oxygen saturation, and the secondary outcomes were the mean heart rate, the proportion of time with oxygen saturation (SpO2) <90%, and respiratory rate. RESULTS Of the 65 infants, 34 (57%) were male and 32 (50%) were black. The mean ± SD gestational age at birth was 32.4 ± 5.1 weeks. In all, 40% were on noninvasive respiratory support. There were no significant differences in oxygen saturation, heart rate, time with oxygen desaturation defined by SpO2 < 90%, or respiratory rate between the supine and semi-upright positions. A higher risk of desaturations was observed in infants without respiratory support (RR, 1.24, 95% CI, 1.15-1.33) and low-birth-weight infants (RR, 1.55, 95% CI, 1.42-1.69). CONCLUSIONS The placement of infants in a semi-upright swing resulted in no discernible differences in averaged vital signs compared to the supine position in NICU infants. IMPACT We identified no significant differences in averaged oxygen saturation, heart rate, or respiratory rate among NICU infants placed in a semi-upright swing compared to the supine position. Desaturation events occurred at a higher frequency in low-birth-weight infants and those on room air when placed in the swing, although none required oxygen supplementation. The results from the current study support that it is probably safe to use semi-upright swings in the NICU environment, although additional studies are necessary for generalization to the unmonitored home environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhagi Kadakia
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amal Isaiah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dina El-Metwally
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stringer M, Ohnishi BR, Ferrarello D, Lazzeri J, Giordano NA, Polomano RC. Subject Matter Expert Nurses in Safe Sleep Program Implementation. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2022; 47:337-344. [PMID: 35857024 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pennsylvania sudden unexpected infant death rates rank among the highest nationally. A nursing team developed, implemented, evaluated, and disseminated an evidence-based quality improvement (QI) program at birthing hospitals in Pennsylvania to address this issue. To facilitate implementation, clinical nurses were educated as Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to empower them to transform and sustain outcomes-driven QI for infant safe sleep nursing practice. METHODS This descriptive study examined outcomes from 268 nurses who received comprehensive education on infant safe sleep and the SME role. Likert-type scale surveys measured knowledge gained and progress made in practice following education. A programmatic dashboard tracked program implementation. Descriptive statistics were used to report findings. INTERVENTION SME nurses ( N = 268) completed two interactive learning modules addressing safe sleep guidelines and teaching strategies and attended a workshop to acquire skills for program implementation. Key competencies included data collection and dissemination, policy development, and communication techniques. RESULTS Immediate posteducation surveys completed by SMEs indicated that over 98% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed they were able to effectively demonstrate communication strategies, identify SME role components, provide environment surveillance, and demonstrate best practices in infant safe sleep. To allow time for assimilation of the of SME role, a survey was initiated at 6 months to capture progress made. Seventy-eight SMEs responded to the survey and reported exceptional or substantial progress in 10 areas for SME responsibilities. CONCLUSION Use of the SME role for program implementation led to highly favorable SME-reported outcomes in leading a hospital-based QI program.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jani P, Skelton H, Goyen TA, Fitzgerald DA, Waters K, Badawi N, Tracy M. Regional oxygenation, perfusion and body and/or head position: Are preterm infants adversely impacted? A systematic review. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 43:26-37. [PMID: 34654646 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses regional oxygenation and perfusion changes for preterm infants and changes with body position, with or without head rotation. Future directions for improving neurodevelopmental and clinical outcomes are suggested. The MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases were searched up to July 2021. Fifteen out of 470 studies met the inclusion criteria. All were prospective, observational studies with a moderate risk of bias. Significant variation was found for the baseline characteristics of the cohort, postnatal ages, and respiratory support status at the time of monitoring. When placed in a non-supine position, preterm infants showed a transient reduction in cardiac output and stroke volume without changes to heart rate or blood pressure. No studies reported on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Overall, side lying or prone position does not appear to adversely affect regional, and specifically cerebral, oxygenation or cerebral perfusion. The effect of head rotation on regional oxygenation and perfusion remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Jani
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Westmead, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hannah Skelton
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Westmead, Australia; Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Traci-Anne Goyen
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Westmead, Australia
| | - Dominic A Fitzgerald
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Department of Sleep Medicine, Westmead, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Westmead, Australia
| | - Karen Waters
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Department of Sleep Medicine, Westmead, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Westmead, Australia; Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Tracy
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Westmead, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weber AM, Jackson YC, Elder MR, Remer SL, Parikh NA, Hofherr JJ, Voos KC, Kaplan HC. Application of a Risk Management Framework to Parent Sleep During Skin-to-Skin Care in the NICU. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2022; 51:336-348. [PMID: 35288109 PMCID: PMC9086109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As NICU staff work to increase the frequency, duration, and comfort of skin-to-skin care (SSC) sessions, barriers to implementation are frequently encountered. Safety concerns are often raised when parents fall asleep during SSC intentionally or unintentionally. We present a risk management framework that we use in clinical practice to address risk related to parent sleep during SSC. Our approach is based on the steps of the Risk Management Life Cycle, which include the following: establish context, identify risk, analyze risk, respond to risk, and monitor and adapt response to risk. Clinicians may use this framework in clinical practice to manage risks related to prolonged SSC, specifically when parents relax and fall asleep during SSC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Salm Ward TC, Yasin T. Hospital-Based Inpatient Quality Improvement Initiatives on Safe Infant Sleep: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 63:101622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Transition to Safe Sleep at Home Needs a Consistent Approach for NICU Babies and Their Parents. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2021; 47:53. [PMID: 34860789 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|