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Khodadoost M, Hayati M, Abbasi H. Investigation of temperature variations on a Class-E inverter and proposing a compensation circuit to prevent harmful effects on biomedical implants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4017. [PMID: 36899049 PMCID: PMC10006177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a Class-E inverter and a thermal compensation circuit for wireless power transmission in biomedical implants are designed, simulated, and fabricated. In the analysis of the Class-E inverter, the voltage-dependent non-linearities of Cds, Cgd, and RON as well as temperature-dependent non-linearity of RON of the transistor are considered simultaneously. Close agreement of theoretical, simulated and experimental results confirmed the validity of the proposed approach in taking into account these nonlinear effects. The paper investigated the effect of temperature variations on the characteristics of the inverter. Since both the output power and efficiency decrease with increasing temperature, a compensation circuit is proposed to keep them constant within a wide temperature range to enable its application as a reliable power source for medical implants in harsh environments. Simulations were performed and the results confirmed that the compensator enables significant improvements by maintaining the power and efficiency almost constant (8.46 ± 0.14 W and 90.4 ± 0.2%) within the temperature range of - 60 to 100 °C. Measurements performed at 25 °C and 80 °C with and without the compensation circuit were in good agreement with the theoretical and simulation results. The obtained measured output power and efficiency at 25 °C are equal to 7.42 W and 89.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Khodadoost
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hayati
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
| | - Hamed Abbasi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Barmore W, Patel H, Voong C, Tarallo C, Calkins Jr JB. Effects of medically generated electromagnetic interference from medical devices on cardiac implantable electronic devices: A review. World J Cardiol 2022; 14:446-453. [PMID: 36160813 PMCID: PMC9453256 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i8.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) become more prevalent, it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) from other sources, such as internal and external electronic devices and procedures and its effect on these devices. EMI from other sources can potentially inhibit pacing and trigger shocks in permanent pacemakers (PPM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), respectively. This review analyzes potential EMI amongst CIED and left ventricular assist device, deep brain stimulators, spinal cord stimulators, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators, and throughout an array of procedures, such as endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and procedures involving electrocautery. Although there is evidence to support EMI from internal and external devices and during procedures, there is a lack of large multicenter studies, and, as a result, current management guidelines are based primarily on expert opinion and anecdotal experience. We aim to provide a general overview of PPM/ICD function, review documented EMI effect on these devices, and acknowledge current management of CIED interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker Barmore
- Department of Cardiology, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Himax Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Cassandra Voong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Caroline Tarallo
- Medical College of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Joe B Calkins Jr
- Department of Cardiology, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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Chacón Gámez YM, Brugger F, Biller-Andorno N. Parkinson's Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation Have an Impact on My Life: A Multimodal Study on the Experiences of Patients and Family Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189516. [PMID: 34574440 PMCID: PMC8467519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) has a large impact on patients’ physical and mental health, which also greatly affects their family caregivers. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an effective treatment for PD, but different authors have expressed their concerns about the potential impact of DBS on personality and identity. Our study aims at better understanding how patients and family caregivers experience life with PD and DBS, the impact of both on their personal and social lives, and their perception of the changes that have occurred as a result of the disease and the treatment. Our study applies a multimodal approach by means of narrative semi-structured interviews and drawings. Seven principal themes have been identified: “everyone’s Parkinson’s is different”, “changing as a person during the disease”, “going through Parkinson’s together”, “DBS improved my life”, “I am treated with DBS but I have Parkinson’s still”, “DBS is not perfect”, and “being different after DBS”. PD is perceived as an unpredictable and heterogeneous disease that changes from person to person, as does the effect of DBS. While DBS side-effects may have an impact on patients’ personality, behavior, and self-perception, PD symptoms and drug side-effects also have a great impact on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda María Chacón Gámez
- Institute of Medical Bioethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Florian Brugger
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Klinik für Neurologie, Haus 04 Rorsacher Strasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Nikola Biller-Andorno
- Institute of Medical Bioethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Akhoundi FH, Contarino MF, Fasano A, Vaidyanathan J, Ziaee M, Tabatabaee SN, Rohani M. Coexistence of deep brain stimulators and cardiac implantable electronic devices: A systematic review of safety. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 88:129-135. [PMID: 34011446 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As the number of patients implanted with deep brain stimulation systems increases, coexistence with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) poses questions about safety. We systematically reviewed the literature on coexisting DBS and CIED. Eighteen reports of 34 patients were included. Device-device interactions were reported in 6 patients. Sources of complications were extensively reviewed and cautious measures which could be considered as part of a standard checklist for careful consideration are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh H Akhoundi
- Division of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Fiorella Contarino
- Haga Teaching Hospital, Department of Neurology, The Hague, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mahsa Ziaee
- Division of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rohani
- Division of Neurology, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nayak HM, Sauser E, Xie T. Interference of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator by deep brain stimulation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 81:75-77. [PMID: 33075699 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemal M Nayak
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emilie Sauser
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Tao Xie
- Movement Disorder Clinic and Deep Brain Stimulation Program, Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Davis G, Levine Z. Deep Brain Stimulation Generator Failure due to External Defibrillation in a Patient with Essential Tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2020; 99:38-39. [PMID: 33070142 DOI: 10.1159/000510122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There exist only two case reports to date of open cardiac defibrillation with deep brain stimulator system (DBS) implantation. We report a 64-year-old male with DBS system in place for essential tremor who underwent cardiac defibrillation after cardiac arrest. Afterwards, his device impedances were all high and his tremor symptoms returned. Both problems resolved with implantation of a new generator and required no changes to the intracranial leads or extension cables. This is significantly different from the two previous reports. One included a significantly different DBS system relying on transcutaneous RF transmission and reported a lesioning effect after cardioversion. The other utilized a modern DBS system but reported damage to the generator and intracranial leads. We report that only the generator sustained damage, and that there were no intracranial changes that occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Davis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA,
| | - Zachary Levine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Holy Cross Hospital, Forest Glen, Maryland, USA
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